International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 02 | Feb 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Review On A Comparative study of high-rise buildings with and without shear walls using robotic structural software
Sudarshan Dhondiram Suryanarayan1 , Dinesh M Pandit2
1PG M.Tech Student Of Civil Engineering Department, CSMSS College Of Engg. Chh. Sambhajinagar
2Assistant Professor, Department Of Civil Engineering, CSMSS College Of Engg. Chh.Sambhajinagar
Abstract - Shear walls are an important structural part that increases the stability of the building against lateral forces such as wind and earthquake. The reduction of concrete area and the deterioration of supports caused by openings may affect the stiffness and strength of the wall. The purpose ofthis study is to investigate the effects of openings and to compare the behavior of shear walls with and without openings. Therefore, it is important to carefully analyze, design and evaluate the performance of shear walls under seismic loads. In this paper, the analysis and design of reinforced concrete (RCC) shear walls with and without openings are clearly explained and detailed analysis and results are presented.
Key Words: RevitStructure,RoboticsStructure,ShearWall, Analysis,
1.INTRODUCTION
Duetotheincreasingpopulation,thereisabalancebetween thedemandforhousingandthehousingthatpeopleneed. To meet this need, many apartment buildings have been built.Theanalysisanddesignofthesemodelscanbevery labour-intensiveandtime-consuming,oftentakingweeksor months to complete. Today, knowledge and expertise in architecturalsoftwareisessential.Suchsoftwareisdesigned toreduceworkloadandimproveresults.Byusingsoftware, we can reduce labour reduce time spent on tasks, and achieveaccurateresults.Thesoftwarecanperformmultiple tasks simultaneously, such as structural forces, bending moments, reinforcement points, deflections, and cost estimations.Italsoincludesasetofwritteninstructionsto help users create and review models that comply with relevant regulations. The software covers all aspects of design,fromcolumnstobeams,slabstoreinforcement,and allows users to customize designs according to specific needs. Various analytical methods can be used in model analysis,anddifferentcomponentsofdifferentmaterialscan be determined depending on the analysis and design requirements.
When designing a building, the most important issues are safety and construction cost. These two factors were consideredandreviewedduringthepre-constructionphase, whichconsistsofseveralstages:planning,design,inspection, schedulingandestimation.Duringtheplanningphase,asite surveyisconductedtodeterminethesafebuildingcapacity (SBC)ofthegroundandtoaccuratelymeasuretheproject length. During the design, a 2D layout model is created to
include general requirements based on government regulations. During the analysis period, it is necessary to calculate bending moments, shear forces and additional elements, and to check their compliance with the safety standards of regulatory authorities manually and through software. Schedule and quantity estimating focuses on determining the construction schedule, total materials needed, and total construction costs. It is important for engineers and architects to plan this process in advance. Common software used in this phase include Revit Structures,RobotStructuralAnalysis,andE-Tabs.
RevitStructuresisaBuildingInformationModeling(BIM) tool. The software can create 4D models that include construction planning, analysis, design and estimation. Constructioninspectionsareperformedusinganadvanced software called Robotic Structures, an extension of Revit Structures. Users can design elements such as beams, columns, walls, floors, etc. on this platform, ensure their safetywithqualitycontrols,provideappropriatetoolsand make construction estimates. It is an analysis tool that calculates the shear forces and bending moments of structuresforvariouscombinations.Thesoftwarehelpsin creatinganddefiningbuildingsasperthesetstandardsand provides cross-references to the regulations of different countries.Italsoprovidesreinforcementaspertherequired standards to ensure the safety of beams and lines by followingtheinstructionsintheISspecifications.
2. LITERATURE REVIEWS
[1] Ali MM, Moon KS: Thispaperexaminestheevolutionof tallbuildingstructuralsystemsandthetechnologicaldrivers oftallbuildingdevelopment.Anewclassificationofinterior and exterior structures is proposed for key processes. Althoughthemostrepresentativesystemsfortallbuildings arediscussed,thisreviewfocusesoncurrentmodelssuchas bracingsystemsanddiagridstructures.Wealsodiscussthe useofdampingsystemstocontrolbuildingmotions.Wealso examine modern "out-of-the-box" architectural design principles, such as aerodynamics and bending materials, which directly or indirectly affect the performance characteristicsoftallbuildings.Finallythefutureofstructural developmentsintallbuildingsisenvisionedbriefly.
[2] Terri Meyer Boake: This article will review current developments in diagrid construction, including design, detailing, fabrication and installation. The technical and
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 02 | Feb 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
architectural design of diagrid buildings falls within the domain of work or expertise of architects and engineers. Currentresearchanddesignapproachestodiagridbuildings are quite different from the perspectives of architects, engineersandfabricators/installers.Giventhenatureofthis new geometry, the decision to reveal or conceal structure impactsthedesignofthebuildinginaveryspecificway.This articleisdesignedtoprovideacomparativeunderstandingof the design and content of these models by examining importantcontemporaryexamples.
[3] Mashhadiali N, Kheyroddin A:In thisstudy,strength andstiffnessareusedasamethodtodesigna gridsystem consisting of rectangular and hexagonal beams with four different diagonals for 30, 50, 70 and 90-story buildings subjectedtowindloads.Theeffectsofdifferentgeometriesof thecomponentsindiagonalandhexagonalgridsystemson maximum displacement and structural performance are compared.Wealsodiscusstheuseofsimilarsupportsinboth systemsforsensitiveskins.Inthisstudy,nonlinearstaticand dynamicanalysisisusedtoevaluatetheseismicperformance of a 30-story diagrid and hexagonal grid structure. The results show that the hexagonal grid system has the advantages of better visual graphics, higher ductility and approximatelythree timeshigher stiffnesssensitivitythan the diagonal grid. Finally, compared to the oblique grid system, the hexa-intersection grid system has sufficient capacitytoovercometheheightlimitation.Thetipsdiscussed hereareintendedtohelparchitectsanddesignersimprove theirdesigns.
[4] Moon KS, Connor JJ, Fernandez JE: Thispaperpresents asimplemethodfordeterminingthefirstmajormember.The method is applied to a single-story building with a height range of 20 to 60 stories, and the best values of the mesh geometrytorepresentthedesignloadscannotbeobtained. Theseresultshaveproventobeveryusefulforarchitectsand engineers in guiding preliminary design. This paper also discussesarchitecturalandconstructabilityissuesrelatedto diagridstructures.
[5] Khushbu Jani, Paresh V. Patel b: Themainobjectiveof this study is to facilitate the construction of high-rise buildings with the advances in manufacturing technology, materials, processes, analytical and design methods. This study is based on the analysis and design of a 36-storey diagridsteelbuilding.Letusconsideranormalfloorplanof 36 m × 36 m. ETABS software is used for modeling and analysisofmaterials.Allelementsofthedesignaredesigned in accordance with IS 800:2007 considering all connected components.Theanalysisanddesignofthemodeltakeinto account both downwind and crosswind dynamics. In addition,theloaddistributiononthediagridsystemofa36storybuildingwasexamined.Similarly,diagonallinesfor50, 60,70and80floorsweredeterminedanddesigned.These datacomparetheanalysisresultsovertime,theprominent changesanddifferentstories.
[6] Seung Yong Jeong, Thomas H.-K. Kang, Jang Keun Yoon, Ron Klemencic: The purpose of this study is to determinetheseismicperformanceofa49-storyresidential buildingunderconstructioninSeoul,SouthKorea.Thehouse in this case study has an irregular plan and shares a deep basementwiththeneighboringhouse.Anaperiodichistorical study is conducted on maximum magnitude earthquakes (MCE) and minimum magnitude earthquakes (RE). The resultsofthebasementmodelareexamined.Themodelingof the surrounding ground structure involves the transformation of torsional structures that can be easily amplified by the ground materialsat high frequencies and causedamagetotheupperpartofthebuilding.Accordingto the presented analysis, it is recommended to design the designinwhichthebasementstructureisusedtogetherwith the surrounding soil structure and the structure is not uniform.
[7] James O. Malley, John Wallace: The purpose of this study is to develop recommendations for validating the values used in the seismic design of tall buildings and in modelingthebehaviorofthesystems.Shortlythereafter,ATC received additional funding from the Federal Emergency ManagementAgency(FEMA)throughtheBuildingSeismic SafetyCommittee(BSSC)oftheNationalInstituteofBuilding SciencestosupportthisworkonbehalfofPEER.Aworkshop onseismicdesignandanalysisissuesfortallbuildingswas held in January 2007. The results of the workshop were documentedinacompaniondocument,Proceedingsofthe ATC-72WorkshoponIssuesinSeismicDesignandAnalysis ofTallBuildings.Thisdocumentincludedalistofthemost important design issues and acceptance criteria to be addressedwithinputfromtheworkshopparticipants.
[8] M. Surana, Y. Singh and D. H. Lang: Theobjectiveofthis studyistoevaluatetheperformanceofshearwallandcore buildings designed as per Indian Code using nonlinear pushover analysis. Shear walls are modeled using general linear models and shell models are validated with experimentalresultsfromotherliterature.Itisalsoobserved that the stiffness obtained from time curvature analysis agrees well with the experimental results while the shell modelpredictshighinitialstiffnessanddecreasingstiffness aftercracking,consistentwiththeexperimentalresults.The models can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of ‘dual system’designedasperIndianspecifications.Observations haveshownthatbuildingswithshearwallsattheperiphery performbetterthanbuildingswithshearwallsatthecentre.
[9] M. Mosoarca: Inthisstudy,theresultsoftheoreticaland experimentalinvestigationsonthedamageofthreeconcrete shear walls with stepped openings are presented. These results are compared with the results of open composite walls, especially in terms of seismic response. The failure modes of the wall structures under the influence of earthquakeforcesaredeterminedusingcomputersoftware andcyclicloadingexperiments.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 02 | Feb 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
[10] A. K. Marsono and S. Hatami: In this study, the performanceoftiebarsinrectangularandoctagonalconcrete shearwallswasevaluated.Inthisstudy,itwassuggestedto addeavestothecornersofcircularopeningsandtocreate octagonalopeningstostrengthenelectricalconnections.The behavior of composite beams under cyclic loading was investigated by comparing the results of rectangular and octagonalshearwalls.Theresultsshowthatthestrengthof octagonal open shear walls connected to power lines is higher than the strength of right-angled open shear walls connectedtopowerlines.
3. CONCLUSIONS
This paper provides an overview of the findings from a comprehensivereviewofexistingliteratureonthebehavior ofshearwallsindifferenttypesofbuildings,withaspecific emphasis on shear walls that have openings. The primary outcomesare:
1) The placement of shear walls has a significant impacton the distribution offorces,necessitating carefulconsideration.
2) Largerwallshavetheabilitytowithstandgreater horizontalforces.
3) Theconceptofincorporatingshearwallscanhelp minimizemovementduringanearthquake.
4) Although openings in shear walls decrease the potential for shear and lateral stiffness, they can enhanceductilityandenergydissipation.
5) The seismic performance of the structure is influenced by various factors, including restraint, openingsize,andlocation.
6) Houses that have openings in their shear walls experiencegreaterfloordriftcomparedtohouses withoutsuchopenings.
7) As the size of the opening in the shear wall increases,thelifespanoftheprocessalsoincreases. Whenthereisanopencircuit,thefrequencyofthe signaldecreases.
8) Shear walls with openings typically have lower resistance compared to shear walls without openings.
9) Thereinforcementplacedaroundtheopeninghasa substantial impact on the ductility and shear strengthoftheshearwall.
10) In contrast to conventional shear walls, there are fewer research studies available on precast compositeshearwallsthatincorporateboundaries andopenings.
REFERENCES
[1] Ali MM, Moon KS, “Diagrid Structures for ComplexShaped Tall Buildings,” Science Direct, Procedia EngineeringVolume14,2011,Pages1343-1350
[2] TerriMeyerBoake,Diagrids,theNewStablitySystem: Combining Architecture with Engineering April 2013 DOI:10.1061/9780784412909.056Conference: ArchitecturalEngineeringConference2013
[3] Mashhadiali N, Kheyroddin A, “Introducing an innovative structural system named hexagrid for tall buildingsMay2012Conference:IASS-APCS2012
[4] MoonKS,ConnorJJ,FernandezJE,“Moon,K.S.,Connor,J. J.,&Fernandez,J.E.(2007).Diagridstructuralsystems fortall buildings:characteristicsandmethodologyfor preliminary design. The structural design of tall and specialbuildings,16(2),205-230
[5] KhushbuJani,PareshV.Patel,2013,AnalysisandDesign of Diagrid Structural System for High Rise Steel Buildings. Elsevier Sciverse Science Direct, Procedia Engineering51(2013)92–100.
[6] Seung Yong Jeong,Thomas H.-K. Kang, Seismic performance evaluation of a tall building: Practical modelingofsurroundingbasementstructures,Science Direct Journal of Building Engineering Volume 31, September2020,101420
[7] James O. Malley, John Wallace,Tall Building Seismic DesignandAnalysisIssues-ATC-72
[8] M.Surana,Y.SinghandD.H.Lang,SeismicPerformance ofShear-WallandShear-WallCoreBuildingsDesigned for Indian Codes, Department of Earthquake Engineering,IITRoorkee,Roorkee,India.
[9] M. Mosoarca, Failure analysis of RC shear walls with staggered openings under seismic loads, Engineering FailureAnalysisjournal.
[10] A. K. Marsono and S. Hatami, Evaluation of Coupling BeamsBehaviorConcreteShearWallwithRectangular andOctagonal’AppliedMechanicsandMaterialsDept. FacultyofCivilEngineering(FKA),UniversityTeknologi Malaysia.
BIOGRAPHIES
Name:-SudarshanDSuryanarayan. M.Tech Student Department Of Civil Engineering, At CSMSS College Of Engineering Chatrapti Sambhajinagar431001