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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 06 | Jun 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

PROJECT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR POST DISASTER HOUSING RECONSTRUCTION

KAVIYA B1 , FATHIMA TASKEEN Z2

1PG Student, Faculty of Architecture, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute. Chennai, India

2Asst H.O.D, Faculty of Architecture, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute. Chennai, India ***

Abstract - The research explores the development of a comprehensive project management framework tailored specificallyfor post-disaster housingreconstructioninIndia. Post-disaster scenarios often demand swift yet effective housing solutions to rehabilitate affected communities. However, challenges such as resource scarcity, stakeholder coordination, cultural considerations, and the urgency of response make it difficult to ensure both efficiency and sustainabilityinreconstructionefforts.

Key Words: Post-Disaster Reconstruction, Housing Recovery, Owner-Driven Reconstruction (ODR), Community Participation, Resilient Housing Design, Disaster Risk Reduction, Reconstruction Planning, Sustainable Development, Public-Private Partnership (PPP)

1.INTRODUCTION

Thisresearch proposesa projectmanagementframework forpost-disasterhousingreconstructioninIndia,addressing key challenges like resource scarcity, stakeholder coordination, and sustainability. Through case studies of major disasters Gujarat Earthquake, Indian Ocean Tsunami,KeralaFloods thestudyidentifiesgapsincurrent practicesandintegratescommunityparticipation,resilient design,anddigitaltools.Theframeworkaimstostreamline reconstructionphases,enhanceaccountability,andsupport long-termrecovery.Groundedinreal-worlddataandglobal bestpractices,itoffersascalablemodelforeffectivepostdisaster housing in developing contexts.

2.OBJECTIVES

1. Toanalyzetheexistingprojectmanagement practicesinpost-disasterhousingreconstruction inIndia.

2. Toidentifykeychallengesandgapsinthecurrent reconstructionprocessesandtodevelopaproject managementframeworkthatintegrateseffective practicesforplanning,execution,andmonitoring ofpost-disasterhousingprojects.

3. Toassesstheproposedframeworkthroughrealworldcasestudiesandevaluateitseffectiveness inimprovingreconstructionoutcomes.

2.1 SCOPE & LIMITATIONS

Thisstudyfocusesonpost-disasterhousingreconstruction in India and proposes a framework adaptable to floods, cyclones,andearthquakes.Whileofferingglobalrelevance, especiallyfordevelopingnations,theframeworkmayneed adjustments for different cultural or geographic contexts. Limitations include restricted access to some disaster-hit areas, limited data availability, and challenges due to ongoingreconstructiontimelines.

3. LITERATURE REVIEW

Asignificantbodyofliteraturehasaddressedpost-disaster housingreconstructionframeworks:

 Davidson et al. (2007) emphasized the roles of government, NGOs, and affected communities in ensuringinclusivereconstruction.

 Shafique (2016) highlighted the importance of community participation for successful and sustainablerebuildingoutcomes.

 Ghannad et al. (2019) explored the potential of modular construction for faster, cost-effective reconstructionwithchallengesinqualitycontrol.

 Saleh et al. (2019) reviewed various resourcing approachesandfoundowner-drivenmodelsmost effectiveforlong-termsuccess.

 Bilau et al. (2017) developed a reconstruction managementframeworkstressingcoordinationand stakeholderintegration.

These studies provide a strong foundation for the current researchindevelopingacomprehensiveandadaptablepostdisasterreconstructionframework.

4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 LiteratureReview: Reviewedglobalbestpractices, frameworks,andscholarlyworksonpost-disaster reconstructionchallengesandsuccessfactors.

 Case Study Analysis: Examineddisasterslikethe Gujarat Earthquake, Kerala Floods, and Nepal Earthquake to derive real-world lessons and strategies.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 06 | Jun 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

 Stakeholder Engagement: Collectedfielddatavia interviews, surveys, and focus groups with government officials, NGOs, communities, and experts.

 Framework Formulation: Integrated insights to designaprojectmanagementframeworkcovering planning, execution, monitoring, and community involvement.

 Validation and Evaluation: Tested the model in practical or hypothetical scenarios, assessing sustainability,resilience,inclusivity,andscalability.

5. UNDERSTANDING THE BOT FRAMEWORK

5.1 Key Phases of Post-Disaster Reconstruction: Theframeworkfollowsaphasedapproach:

Phase 1: Immediate Response (0–7 Days)

 Activities: Damage assessment, evacuation, relief distribution.

 Stakeholders:NDRF,SDMA,localauthorities.

 Focus: Rescue operations, setting up temporary shelters.

Phase 2: Early Recovery (1–3 Months)

 Activities: Establishment of relief camps, temporaryhousing,healthcaresupport.

 Departments:Localbodies,NGOs,PWD.

 Goal:Stabilizelivingconditionsbeforepermanent rebuilding.

Phase 3: Reconstruction Planning (3–6 Months)

 Activities: Detailed assessment, resource mobilization,policydrafting.

 Key Output: Formation of a disaster-resilient reconstructionframework.

Phase4:PermanentReconstruction(6Months–3Years)

 Activities: Design approval, permanent housing construction,infrastructurerestoration.

 Principles:Sustainability,communityintegration, seismic/floodresilience.

Phase5:Monitoring&Evaluation(Throughout&Post3 Years)

 Tools: GIS, project management software, thirdpartyaudits.

 Outcome:Documentlessonslearned,assessquality andeffectiveness

5.2 Framework Components:

 Institutional Framework: Integration across government bodies (SDMA, PWD), NGOs, and internationaldonors.

 Community-Centered Planning: Owner-Driven Reconstruction (ODR), Village Reconstruction Committees(VRCs).

 Technology & Innovation: Use of GIS, drones, modularconstruction,BIM.

 CapacityBuilding:Traininglocallaborinresilient constructionmethods.

 Financial Planning: Multi-source funding government,NGOs,ADB,WorldBank.

 Sustainability & Resilience: Flood- and quakeresistantdesign,long-termmaintenancestrategies.

5.3 Approaches to Reconstruction:

 Owner-Driven: Encourages beneficiary participation,flexibleandcost-effective.

 NGO-Involved:Socialequityandtechnicaltraining.

 PPP Model: Blends public oversight with private efficiency.

 Government-Led:Scalable,standardizedresponse acrossstates.

5.4 Challenges and Mitigation Strategies:

Challenge Mitigation

ResourceScarcity Adaptiveplanning,localmaterialuse

DonorPressure Transparentmilestonesandaudits

CoordinationIssues Definedinstitutionalresponsibilities

Land&LegalIssues Pre-definedlegalframeworks

6. CASE STUDY COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Aspect Gujarat Earthqua ke (2001) Indian Ocean Tsunami (2004) Kerala Floods (2018) Nepal Earthqua ke (2015)

Impact 20,000 deaths, 600,000+ homes 10,000 deaths, coastal loss 400deaths, 60,000 homes damaged 8,790 deaths, 760K+ buildings affected

Approach Ownerdriven, communi ty-led Govt+ NGOmix, PPP models

RKI-led, resilient& sustainable focus NRA-led, policydriven recovery

Stakehol der Role GSDMA, NGOs, VRCs State/Nat ional Govts, NGOs Rebuild Kerala Initiative, localbodies

NRA,Gov ofNepal, UN agencies

Housing Strategy Seismicresistant, local material Elevated, disasterresilient homes Floodresistant, ecofriendly Retrofitti ng, relocation ,tradition almethod

Tech Used GIS, prefab housing GIS, satellite imaging GIS,drones, PM software Local mapping, phased audits

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 06 | Jun 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Communi ty Involvem ent

High–ODR, VRCs

Funding Source Govt, ADB, World Bank

Moderate –mixof top-down & participat ory

Central/S tateGovt, NGOs, donors

Challenge s Coordinat ion, policy delays, quality control Land rights, cultural sensitivit y,fund delays

Duration ~10 years (2001–2010)

~4–5 years (2004–2009)

Key Success Factors ODR model, seismic codes, VRCs “Build Back Better”, flexible design

6. RESEARCH FINDINGS

Strong–localinput &design

₹10,000Cr. Govt+ NGOs+ WorldBank

Permits, environme ntalissues, logistics

Ongoing (2018–2023+)

Resilience, RKI coordinatio n,techuse

Encourag edvia outreach & relocation planning

Intl.aid, Govt allocation, diaspora

Terrain, workforce gaps, political instability

Ongoing (2015–2025est.)

Policy-led recovery, communit y-focused

roles, and empowering local communities can transform disasters into development opportunities. A structured, adaptive reconstruction model not only restores infrastructure but also rebuilds livelihoods, strengthens governance, and fosters inclusive growth. The proposed frameworkservesasareplicablemodelfordisaster-prone regionsseekingsustainablerecoverypathways.

8. RECOMMENDATIONS

 Institutional Integration: Establishacentralized, multi-tieredgovernancemodeltostreamlineroles and improve coordination across local, state, and nationalbodies.

 Community-Led Reconstruction: Prioritize owner-driven and participatory approaches to ensure culturally appropriate, need-based, and sustainablehousingsolutions.

 Resilient Design Mandate: Integrate disasterresistant features into standard housing policies, withafocusonlocalmaterialsandclimate-specific adaptations.

 SustainableFinancingMechanisms: Developfastdisbursing,diversifiedfundingchannels including PPPs and international aid with transparent allocationframeworks.

 Coordination gaps across agencies delay reconstruction;aunifiedframeworkisessential.

 Community participation (ODR,VRCs)improves reconstruction outcomes and satisfaction; these modelsshouldbescaled.

 Resilience planning is reactive; embedding disaster-resistant designs in standard housing policiesiscritical.

 Funding delays and cost escalations disrupt timelines; establish fast-track, multi-source financing.

 Technologyuse (GIS,BIM)enhancesplanningand monitoring;standardizeitsadoptionacrossstates.

 Capacitybuilding islimited;investintraininglocal labor for resilient construction and long-term sustainability.

7. CONCLUSION

Post-disasterhousingreconstructioninIndianecessitatesa multi-dimensional, locally rooted approach that balances urgencywithlong-termsustainability.Thisstudyhighlights the importance of community-led initiatives, proactive resilience planning, and integrated project management. Case studies reveal that frameworks emphasizing stakeholdercoordination,timelyfunding,capacitybuilding, andtechnologicaladoptionsignificantlyimproveoutcomes. Embedding resilience in policy, streamlining institutional

 TechnologyStandardization: InstitutionalizeGIS, drones, and BIM tools for real-time assessment, planning, and monitoring in all reconstruction phases.

REFERENCES

[1] Davidson,C.H.,Johnson,C.,Lizarralde,G.,Dikmen,N.,& Sliwinski,A.(2007). Truthsandmythsaboutcommunity participation in post-disaster housing projects. Habitat International

[2] Shafique, K. (2016). Success of post-natural disaster reconstruction projects: Significance of community perspective.ProcediaEngineering

[3] Ghannad,P.,Lee,Y.-C.,&Choi,J.O.(2019). Feasibilityof modular construction for post-disaster housing Sustainability

[4] Saleh, N., Enshassi, A., & Sundermeier, M. (2019). A reviewofresourcingapproachesinpost-disasterhousing reconstruction. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction.

[5] Bilau, A. A., Witt, E., & Lill, I. (2017). A framework for managingpost-disasterhousingreconstruction.Procedia Engineering.