International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
A Review Study on Optimum Specifications for Middle Income Group Houses Shubham Singh1, Riyaz2, Stuti Sharma3, Namita Jyoti4, N.K Singh5 1234UG
Student, Department of Civil Engineering, MIT Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
5Asso. Professor, Department
of Civil Engineering, MIT Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Key Words: Optimum specification, Middle income houses, Conventional methods, Walling, Roofing, Allocation, Project losses.
Abstract - Optimum specification for middle income group houses aim to cut down construction cost by using alternatives to conventional methods and Input. “It is
1.INTRODUCTION
effective budgeting and technique which help in reducing cost of construction through use locally available material
In India, the world’s largest democracy and a rapidly
along with improve skills and technology without
growing economy, the emerging middle class is often seen as
sacrificing the strength, performance and life of structure.
an indispensable force for a more accountable and
Optimum specification satisfies the most bottom and
transparent government. This technical note provides new
fundamental human needs for shelter and neglects other
estimates for the size of India’s middle class-defined as
needs that people aspire home including psychological,
having reasonable economic security in today’s globalized
social, and aesthetic needs and ultimately, need for self-
world. Based on data from India’s 2009/2010 National
actualization. This paper examined the cost effectiveness
Sample Survey, Christian Meyer and Nancy Birdsall estimate
of using specification for middle income housing
India’s middle class to constitute around 70 million people,
technologies in comparison with the traditional
or less than 10 percent of the population-much less than
construction methods. Two case studies in India were
often assumed.
conducted. It was found that about 26.11% and 22.68% of
Who constitutes this middle class in India? India’s National
the construction cost, including material and labour cost,
Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) has been at
can be saved by using the low cost housing technologies in
the forefront of shaping this debate. NCAER’s current
comparison with traditional construction methods for
definition identifies the middle class as comprising of two
walling and roofing respectively. In this paper we studied
sub –groups: “seekers” with annual household income
about the well managed human resource allocation of the
between Rs.200,000 and Rs. 500,000, and “strivers” with
construction for a middle income houses. these firms
annual household income between Rs. 500,000 and Rs.1
have the strategies between assigning regular staff and
million at 2001/2002 prices. Assuming an average
hiring local temporary employees. This study shows that
household size of 5 people and converting into constant
regular project administrators, who are able to reduce
2005 purchasing power parity (PPP) dollar, these numbers
managerial flaws and cut down project losses, are favored
would be about $8 $20 per capita per day for seekers, and
over local ones.
© 2017, IRJET
$20 to $40 per capita per day for strivers.[1]
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