International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
A Literature Survey on Energy Efficient MAC Protocols for WSN 1Amit, 2Dr.
Tejender Malik
1Student, 2Assistant
Professor Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Maturam Institute of Engg. & Mgmt. (Rohtak), Haryana, INDIA ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------2. CAUSE OF ENERGY WASTAGE IN WSN
Abstract – WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) uses a
collection of nodes for communication purpose. As these nodes are battery operated and the replacement of batteries is not an easy task. So using the energy of a WSN in an efficient way is the basic requirement of any WSN (Wireless Sensor Network). To make the WSN mode energy efficient a large number of MAC protocols are developed. This paper deals with a survey on active research work on Energy Efficient MAC protocols. Key Words: WSN (Wireless Sensor Network), Energy Efficiency, MAC Protocols, Survey
1. INTRODUCTION Wireless Sensor Network which can also be called as Wireless Sensor and Actuator Network (WSAN)[1][2] are sensor based network which are used to monitor environmental or physical conditions. The physical conditions may be temperature, pressure sound etc. In these networks data is collected by sensors and sent to main location. WSN is made up of nodes which can vary in numbers from a few to several thousands. Each node contains a sensor, a radio transceiver, a microcontroller and the most important a battery. The battery has a limited power making the energy saving a very important task to be considered in a WSN. That’s why MAC protocols are used to save energy. They do it by making decision about wireless channel. Means how to use wireless channel for communication purpose is decided by MAC protocols. There is a large number of MAC protocols developed so far but the correct choice of MAC protocol make the WSN more efficient in terms of energy. The choice of MAC protocol depends on application. There has been a rapid development in the research in the area of MAC protocol for energy efficient transmission. The rest of the paper is organised as follows. Section 2 describes some cause of energy wastage in WSN. Section 3 describes some energy efficient MAC protocols and finally in section 4 we have concluded.
2.1 Collided Packet: When more than one packet is received by a given node at the same time then this packet is called collided packet and it needs to be retransmitted which in terns increases energy wastage in WSN. 2.2 Overhearing: When a packet which is destined to any node is received by some other node then this situation is called overhearing. The overheard packet is discarded and retransmitted to the given node. This retransmission leads to energy wastage in WSN. 2.3 Control Packet Overhead: Control packet are transmitted in addition to data for proper communication between nodes. This increases wastage of energy. By sending minimum number of control packet energy can be saved. 2.4 Idle Listening: Listening to idle channel and expecting to receive possible traffic. 2.5 Over Emitting: This is the situation when the receiver is not ready to receive still the sender is sending the message. A good MAC protocols must prevents these causes of energy wastage in order to save energy in WSN.
3. LITERATURE SURVEY 3.1 Song Wen-miao, Liu Yan-ming, Zhang Shu-e [3]: This paper describes about SMAC protocol which is an energy efficient protocol of WSN. According to this paper SMAC adopts a periodic listen and sleep mechanism to save energy from idle listening. Energy is saved when the node goes to sleep interval.
Figure-1 Frame= Tlisten + Tsleep
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