International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Assessment of Physico-Chemical Properties and Toxic Heavy Metals in Water from Kali River, Meerut Region, India Deepak Kumar1, Sangeeta Kumari2 1, 2 Amity
Institute of Biotechnology Amity University, Haryana Gurgaon, Manesar 122413, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------in developing countries, it lacks. Most of the rivers following Abstract— The present study is to deal with the assessment of the residential area are final discharge point for effluent from physico-chemical and concentration of the heavy metals- Hg, industrial area and municipal waste (Moscow et al., 2011). Cr, Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cd in water samples collected Studies of water quality in various effluents revealed that from Kali River at 3 different sites in Meerut region, namely man-made activities have an important negative impact on Saini Village, Begum Pul and Kankarkhera during prewater quality in the downstream sections of the major rivers. monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon for one year June 2015This is a result of cumulative effects from upstream July 2016. The Results showed that pH ranged from 7.1 to 8.3, development but also from inadequate wastewater treatment Range of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were 1643 mg/L to 3145 facilities (Chang et al, 2008). In most developed and mg/L, the values obtained were significantly higher than limit developing countries, rapid industrialization and man’s as per IS and TSS ranged from 164 to 284 mg/L. Conductivity constant quest for comfort as well as change in taste and was found between 769 to 1365 µs/cm. BOD and COD values fashion have resulted to various forms of advancement in of all sites were found very high. All samples showed very science and technology (Tuner et al, 1990). The trend of insignificant amount of DO whereas desirable DO levels is urbanization in India is exerting stress on civic authorities to more than 4 mg/L. Sulphate and Nitrate were found in range provide basic requirement such as safe drinking water, from 50 to 150 mg/L and 19 to 41 mg/L respectively and sanitation and infrastructure. Prior to population explosion, within the prescribed limit by IS. Heavy metal analysis showed agricultural and industrial activities have been practiced on a that Pb (0.046-0.231 mg/L), Cr (0.013-0.053 mg/L), Cd (0.001very small scale (Akinbile, 2006), The rapid growth of 0.019 mg/L), Hg (0.001-0.018 mg/L), Cu (0.033-2.167 mg/L), population has exerted the portable water demand, which Mn (0.187 – 0.484 mg/l), Ni (0.019-0.091 mg/L), Zn (0.137requires exploration of raw water sources, developing treatment and distribution systems (Choksi et al, 2015). 5.641 mg/L), Fe (3.374-6.846 mg/L), Se ( ND- 0.012 mg/L) Heavy metals occur as natural constituents of the earth crust, and As (ND-0.018 mg/L). The study has indicated that almost and are persistent environmental contaminants since they all the parameters are at the higher levels than the prescribed cannot be degraded or destroyed. To a small extent, they limit not only for drinking water as given by IS & WHO, but enter the body system through food, air, and water and bioalso for irrigation purpose as recommended by FAO and accumulate over a period of time. (Duruibe et al, 2007). therefore proper treatment are required. Generally large scale Heavy metal is present in diminutive quantities in the water. industries have effluent treatment plants, but at other end However, in the recent past, freshwater pollution due to small scale industries are not following the guidelines set for heavy metals has become a hazard due to discharge of the industrial effluents. industrial effluents and Municipal waste. Heavy metals like Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cr are essential for the growth of organisms, while Pb, Cd, Hg and Ag are not biologically Keywords— Physico-chemical, Heavy Metal, waste water, essential, but definitely toxic. Even the essential heavy metals Industrial Area and ICP-MS, ND=Not Detected, FAO, IS may be beyond optimum threshold levels, hazardous and toxic (Hariprasad N. V. et al, 2013). Effluent discharge into the environment with enhanced concentration of nutrient, 1. Introduction sediment and toxic substances may have a serious negative impact on the quality and life forms of the receiving water Human health and environmental quality are undergoing body when discharge untreated or partially treated degradation by the increasing amount of wastes being (Forenshell, 2001; Schulz and Howe, 2003, Ewere, 2014). In produced. Wastes are complex in nature depending on the addition, waste water is available source of micronutrient sources of generation and its environmental fate once (e.g. N, P, and K etc.), inorganic matter and organic matter, generated. Of all the classification of wastes available, which are needed for maintaining for fertility of soil (Hait, industrial wastes is the most occurring source of water 2014), but in excess concentration these could be toxic and pollution (Oyediran et al, 1997). Although the fresh water in deleterious. nature is very little; approximately 1% but due to over industrialization this fresh water recourses gradually decline. In the developed world, domestic sewage, industrial and agricultural wastes are treated at sewage central works to reduce its toxicity and discharged into rivers and stream, but
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