International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017
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e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 p-ISSN: 2395-0072
A Novel Implementation of Demand Response on Smart Grid using Renewable Energy Sources D.Anandhavalli1, A.R.Lalitha Ambigai2, P.Nivethitha3 Assistant Professor, Department of Information technology, Velammal College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: dav@vcet.ac.in 2&3Students (Batch:2013-17) , B.Tech. Information technology, Velammal College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India 1
Abstract- The smart grid (SG) is a policy for modernizing the electricity transmission and distribution for a reliable and secure electricity infrastructure to meet the future demand. The demand response acts as an efficient procedure for utilities to manage system peaks by controlling customer loads. Demand automation help users to reduce their energy cost by changing their consumption patterns, shift the appliances according to their power consumption and save energy. The proposed implementation is based on grid connected dc to dc switching converter. That is usually connected between the Photovoltaic (PV) modules and the inverter. These PV converters are controlled by improved designing procedure of sliding mode controller. This drives the PV voltage to follow a reference provided by an external MPPT algorithm by considering that the switching surface which is the linear combination of the input capacitor current and the PV voltage error. The proposed design exhibits advantages in comparison with existing solutions that rely in linearization of inner current loop dynamics. The proposed power/frequency characteristics, of the hybrid unit and of the whole microgrid, adapt autonomously to the micro grid operating conditions. So the hybrid unit can supply maximum PV power, match the load, and/or charge the battery, while maintaining the power balance in the micro grid and also respecting the battery stateof-charge limits. These features which are achieved without relying on a central management system and communications, as most of the existing algorithms do. By using multi-loop controllers the control strategy is implemented, which is used to provide smooth and autonomous transitions held between the operating scenarios. Key Words: PV Module, MPPT Technique, PWM Generator, Circuit Breaker, Grid 1. INTRODUCTION The smart grid (SG) is conceived as an electric grid able to deliver electricity in a controlled, smart way from points of generation to consumers. The power management strategy should consider the state-of-charge (SOC) limits and the power rating of the battery. However, unlike in
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standalone PV systems, in microgrids, the battery storage can be connected to the microgrid bus as a separate unit, which might be in a different location than the PV unit. Furthermore, in microgrids, the PV unit is commonly controlled. As in grid-connected configurations, where the interfacing voltage sourced converter (VSC) is controlled as a current source to inject the available PV power into the grid/microgrid bus (the PQ control strategy).Since this technique was developed originally for grid-connected configurations, it does not address the power balance problem in islanded microgrids. It requires access to the power measurements at each distributed generation (DG) unit and load node, through communication, in order to be able to maintain the power balance in the microgrid. This requires power measurement and communication modules at every generation and load node, which complicates the system and introduces potential failure modes. In all of the aforementioned strategies, communication is a critical part of the strategy. If the communication with any generation or load node is lost, the EMS may generate an undesirable control command. Therefore, dependence on communication for power management may reduce the reliability of the control strategy. However, communication can still be used in the grid-connected mode as a part of the tertiary control layer to achieve certain objectives such as ensuring economic dispatch based on the electricity market and fuel prices. In this case, communications are not crucial to maintain the power balance in the microgrid, as it is achieved through the grid. Moreover the power management strategy is designed so that both the fuel cell and the battery use the droop control approach to share the peak load, when the power available from the PV unit and the micro turbine is inadequate to match the load. This might deplete the battery prematurely. Instead, it is recommended that the battery only be used during transients, and to supply the deficit power only after the load increases beyond the total capacity of the other generating units.
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