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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

Optimizing Irrigation In India: Balancing Iot And Non-Iot Paradigms Shwetansh Singh1, Prachi Lohani2, Sumedh Kumar3, Sakshi Malhotra4 1B. Tech student, Dept. of Information Technology, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Uttar

Pradesh, India

2B. Tech student, Dept. of Information Technology, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Uttar

Pradesh, India

3B. Tech student, Dept. of Information Technology, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Uttar

Pradesh, India

4Professor, Dept. of Information Technology, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Uttar Pradesh,

India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------

Abstract - This review explores India's irrigation landscape,

region is reliant on rainfall, which is frequently inconsistent and unexpected. For a country as dependent on agriculture as India, it is of paramount importance to improve irrigation practices.

where only 36.7% of crop land is reliably irrigated, with groundwater constituting 65% of irrigation. Emphasizing the importance of enhancing irrigation practices, the paper navigates the evolving precision agriculture domain, considering both IoT and non-IoT methodologies. Non-IoT approaches are highlighted for their potential costeffectiveness, reduced maintenance, and lower environmental impact. Machine learning is identified as a promising avenue for creating sensor-free irrigation systems. The paper identifies research gaps, urging exploration of alternative pathways in irrigation optimization. Comparative evaluations include AI applications in agriculture, diverse uses of IoT, a WSN-based soil moisture system, a cloud-based IoT plant monitoring system, an economic model for irrigation, and solutions for drought-affected areas. It anticipates a shift in irrigation management towards economic goals and a broader definition of optimal irrigation, emphasizing social benefits and the need for advanced models and analytical techniques.

Million Hectare

Area Irrigated using Groundwater

India China Million Hectare

USA

In the ever-evolving landscape of precision agriculture, the pursuit of optimizing irrigation practices has witnessed notable strides, often propelled by technological advancements such as the Internet of Things (IoT). Within this context, our review paper endeavours to offer a thoughtful synthesis and reflection on the body of work related to irrigation optimization, recognizing the nuanced contributions of both IoT and non-IoT paradigms.

1.1 Background Irrigation in India consists of a network of large and minor canals originating from Indian rivers, groundwater wellbased systems, tanks, and other rainwater collection installations for agricultural use. The largest of these is the groundwater system [1]. In 2013-14, only roughly 36.7% of total crop land in the nation was reliably irrigated [2], with the remaining 2/3 relying on monsoons [3]. Groundwater provides 65% of irrigation in India [4]. At 39 million hectares (67% of its total irrigation), India has the world's largest groundwater well equipped irrigation system (China with 19 mha is second, USA with 17 mha is third) [1] (Fig.1). Irrigation currently covers only around 51% of the agricultural land farming food crops. The remainder of the

Impact Factor value: 8.226

1.2 Motivation and Objectives

1.INTRODUCTION

Fig – 1: Top countries with area irrigation in million hectares

Key Words: IoT, Non-IoT, Irrigation, Agriculture, Wireless sensors, Artificial Intelligence, Cloud systems, Economic model, Irrigation management.

50 40 30 20 10 0

This review aims to unravel the intricacies surrounding methodologies for optimizing irrigation, paying due respect to the methodologies, successes, and challenges inherent in systems that operate independently of IoT integration. In doing so, we adopt a stance, acknowledging that the path less travelled may harbour insights and possibilities worthy of exploration.

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