International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 06 | Jun 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Investigation on Development of Battery Management System For Improved Performance Of Electric Vehicle Neelima Dudhe1, Z. J. Khan2, Satyanarayana Chanagala3 1 Assistant Professor Electrical Engineering GHRCE, Nagpur,India 2 Professor & Dean of Research Electrical Engineering BIT Ballarpur,India
3 Professor & Dean of Academics Electrical Engineering BIT Ballarpur,India
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Abstract - Battery Management Systems (BMS) play a crucial role in ensuring the reliability, efficiency, and safety of electric vehicles (EVs). This paper investigates the development of an advanced BMS with a focus on the accurate estimation of the State of Charge (SOC) using the Advanced Kalman Filter (AKF) method. The paper explores the necessity of BMS, SOC estimation techniques, and the implementation of AKF to improve the performance and longevity of EV batteries. Additionally, the paper discusses the impact of BMS on vehicle range estimation, power efficiency, and thermal regulation. The study includes LiFePO4 battery integration and its role in driving a Brushless DC (BLDC) motor for enhanced EV performance.Battery Management Systems (BMS) are critical in electric vehicles (EVs) for monitoring and regulating the charging and discharging cycles of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, ensuring economic and efficient operation. An optimized BMS enhances battery safety, reliability, and lifespan by mitigating potential failures and preventing extreme operating conditions. This paper presents a detailed technical analysis of BMS functionalities, including real-time monitoring techniques for battery parameters such as voltage, current, and ambient temperature. Various sensing methodologies employing analog/digital sensors integrated with microcontrollers are examined. Furthermore, key state estimation metrics such as State of Charge (SoC), State of Health (SoH), and State of Life (SoL) are investigated, along with the impact of load variations in brushless direct current (BLDC) motors. By evaluating contemporary methodologies, this study identifies existing challenges and explores potential advancements to improve BMS efficiency in EV applications
functions of BMS is SOC estimation, which determines the available charge in the battery and directly influences vehicle performance and range estimation. Traditional methods of SOC estimation, such as Coulomb Counting and Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) methods, have limitations in accuracy and reliability. The Advanced Kalman Filter (AKF) method provides a robust alternative for real-time SOC estimation. The efficiency of BMS directly impacts the usability and adoption of electric vehicles. An advanced BMS system enhances battery lifespan, minimizes safety hazards, and optimizes energy consumption. With an increasing demand for sustainable transportation solutions, further research into BMS functionalities, including SOC, State of Health (SOH), and thermal management, is imperative. With the growing penetration of EVs, efficient battery management systems are essential to ensure optimal performance and extended service life of LFP batteries. LFP chemistry is favored due to its thermal stability, high cycle life, and inherent safety features. However, precise battery management is crucial to maximizing energy utilization while preventing degradation. This paper delves into advanced BMS architectures, real-time monitoring frameworks, and key performance indicators influencing battery operation. 1.1 Battery Manegement System The Battery Management System (BMS) is a critical component in modern energy storage applications, particularly in electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. It is an advanced embedded system comprising both hardware and software elements designed to ensure the safety, reliability, and optimal performance of battery packs. A BMS performs real-time monitoring and control functions that are essential for maintaining battery health. Key functionalities include voltage and current monitoring, which ensures each cell and the overall pack operate within safe electrical parameters, preventing conditions such as overvoltage or overcurrent. Thermal management is another crucial aspect, involving the use of temperature sensors and active cooling systems to prevent overheating and extend battery life. The BMS also
Key Words: Battery Management System (BMS); Lithium-Ion Battery; Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery; Electric Vehicle (EV); Brushless DC Motor
1.INTRODUCTION With the rapid adoption of electric vehicles, the need for efficient battery management has become essential. The BMS is responsible for monitoring and managing battery parameters, ensuring optimal performance, and preventing operational failures. One of the critical
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