EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE HALF CONTROLLED CONVERTER

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 06 | Jun 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE HALF CONTROLLED CONVERTER

Prof. Yogesh R. Naik

Electrical Engineering

Sanjeevan Group of Institutes

Pujari Uttam Tanaji

Electrical Engineering

Sanjeevan Group of Institutes Kolhapur, Maharashtra Kolhapur, Maharashtra yogesh.naik@seti.edu.in uttampujari10@gmail.com

Charaple Rohini Pandurang Kumbhar Adinath Jalindar

Electrical Engineering

Sanjeevan Group of Institutes

Electrical Engineering

Sanjeevan Group of Institutes Kolhapur, Maharashtra Kolhapur, Maharashtra rohinicharaple5@gmail.com adinathkumbhar96@gmail.com

Abstract - Thisprojectfocusesontheexperimentalanalysis of a single-phase half-controlled converter, a critical component in power electronics, often used in applications suchasDCmotorcontrol,batterycharging,andpowersupply systems. The study examines the operation of the converter with various load types, including resistive (R), resistiveinductive(RL),andresistive-inductivecapacitive(RLC)loads. The converter circuit utilizes a combination of thyristors and diodes to achieve controlled rectification and freewheeling actions. Key observations include the analysis of output voltage and current waveforms under different firing angles, demonstrating the impact of load and firing delay on performance. Through theoretical discussion, numerical problem-solving, and practical waveform observations, the project highlights the efficiency and operational characteristics of the single-phase half-controlled converter. Safetyprecautionsandproceduralguidelinesensureaccurate data collection and a safe working environment. This study aims to deepen understanding of controlled rectification techniques and their implications in practical scenarios

Key Words: Single-phasehalf-controlledconverter,power electronics,DCmotorcontrol,batterycharging,rectification, freewheeling, thyristors, diodes, RLC load, firing angle of time.

1.INTRODUCTION

Asingle-phasehalf-controlledconverterisavitalcomponent inpowerelectronicsthatconvertsACpowerintoDCpower. Itusesacombinationofthyristorsanddiodestoregulatethe output voltage and current. The controlled nature of the converterallowsittoadjust theDCoutput byvaryingthe firing angle of the thyristors. This type of converter is extensivelyusedinvariousindustriesduetoitssimplicity, reliability,andcost-effectiveness.EfficientAC-DCconverters are essential in applications where variable voltage and current are required. With the increasing demand for energy-efficientsystems,thereisaneedforconvertersthat

can adapt to varying load conditions while maintaining performance and precision. This project addresses these requirements by developing a microcontroller-based solution that ensures synchronized and precise firing of thyristors efficient AC-DC converters are essential for applications requiring variable voltage and current. This project focuses on a microcontroller-based solution to enhanceperformanceundervaryingloads

2.DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

Forcollegepurposes,theAdhyayanOnlinePlatformwas builtwithmoreresponsibleactivities.Itisusedinacademic schedulesmostfrequentlyinrelatedways.Wefollowedthese studiesanddevelopedakitafterstudyingresearchpapers

Fig -1:FlowDiagram

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 06 | Jun 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

3.SETUP CONFIGURATION

3.1 Main Unit: The main unit contains all the power electronics,includingthethyristors,diodes,andassociated components.TheinputACvoltageisfedintotheunit,and theoutputDCvoltageisdeliveredtotheload.

3.2 Load Bank:Theloadbankiswheredifferentloads(R, L,C)areconnectedtoobservetheireffectontheconverter. The load can be adjusted by varying the resistance, inductance,andcapacitance,dependingontheexperiment.

3.3 Firing Control Section: The firing control section, which consists of the microcontroller and associated circuitry,isresponsiblefordetectingthezero-crossingofthe input voltage and generating the firing pulses for the thyristors.Themicrocontrolleralsoadjuststhedelaytimeto controlthefiringangle(α\alphaα).

3.4 Voltage Measurement: Measurementoftheoutput voltageisdoneusingavoltmeteroroscilloscopeacrossthe load.Theoutputvoltageisaffectedbythefiringangleand thetypeofloadused.

3.5 Current Measurement: The current is measured acrosstheloadusingacurrentprobeorbycalculatingthe voltageacrossaknownresistor.

4.CONNECTION SETUP:

Connectthe8-pinsocketfromthemainunittotheload bank.Patchtheloadbankwiththedesiredload(R,L,C)as pertheexperiment'srequirements.EnsuretheACvoltage sourceiscorrectlyconnected,andthepowersupplyforthe microcontrollerissetto5V.

4.1 Zero-Crossing Detection and Firing Angle

Control: The microcontroller detects the zero-crossing point of the input AC waveform and generates the firing pulsesforthethyristorsinsyncwiththeACsupply.

Thefiringanglecanbevariedusingapotentiometeror othercontroldevices.

4.2 Waveform Observation: Connecttheoscilloscopeto the output terminals to observe the waveforms of the AC input,outputDC,andloadvoltage.

Vary the firing angle and observe how it affects the outputvoltageandcurrentwaveforms.

5.MAIN CIRCUIT SETUP:

Thisisthemaincircuitsetupofourproject.Itdisplaysallthe essential components and connections used in the experimentalanalysis.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 06 | Jun 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

5.1 Resistive (R) Load: Bridge Patching Diagram for Resistive(R)Load

-6:BridgePatchingDiagramforResistive(R)Load Connection

CircuitConfigurationforResistive(R)Load

-8:OutputVoltageandCurrentWaveformsfor Resistive(R)Load

5.2 Resistive-Inductive (RL) Load: Bridge Patching DiagramforResistive-Inductive(RL)Load

-9:CircuitConfigurationforResistive-Inductive(RL) Load

CircuitConfigurationforResistive-Inductive(RL)Load

Resistive-Inductive (RL)Load

WaveformAcross‘Resistive-Inductive(RL)’Load

Fig -11:OutputVoltageandCurrentWaveformsfor Resistive-Inductive(RL)Load

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 06 | Jun 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

5.3 Rresistive-Inductive-Capacitive (RLC) Load:

BridgePatchingDiagramforResistive-Inductive-Capacitive (RLC)Load

Fig -12:BridgePatchingDiagramforResistive-InductiveCapacitive(RLC)LoadConnection

Circuit Configuration for Resistive-Inductive- Capacitive (RLC)Load

Fig -13:CircuitConfigurationwithResistive-InductiveCapacitive(RLC)Load

Waveform Across ‘Resistive-Inductive-Capacitive Load (RLC)’Load

Fig -14:OutputVoltageandCurrentWaveformsfor Resistive-Inductive-Capacitive(RLC)Load

5.RESULTS

5.1 Results for Resistive (R) Load:

5.2 Results for Resistive-Inductive (RL) Load:

5.3 Results for Resistive-Inductive-Capacitive (RLC) Load:

6.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

Thisprojectsuccessfullydemonstratestheworkingand performance of a single-phase half-controlled converter under various load conditions. By analyzing waveform characteristics and the effects of different firing angles, it provides a comprehensive understanding of controlled rectification. The microcontroller-based firing control enhances precision and adaptability in real-world applications.

7.CONCLUSION

WesincerelythankourfacultyguideandtheElectrical Engineering Department for their constant support and guidancethroughoutthisproject.Wealsoacknowledgethe resourcesand assistanceprovided by thelaboratorystaff, whichwere essential forthesuccessful completionofthis study.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 06 | Jun 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

8.REFERENCES

[1] MuhammadH.Rashid,"ControlandOperationofSinglePhase Controlled Rectifiers," in Proceedings of IEEE PowerElectronicsSpecialistsConference(PESC),1986, pp.251–257.

[2] BhimSingh,SanjeetDwivedi,"PerformanceAnalysisof Single-PhaseHalf-ControlledRectifierswithResistiveInductiveLoad,"inIETPowerElectronics,vol.2,no.4, 2009,pp.251–261.

[3] G. K. Dubey, "Phase-Controlled Rectifiers: A General Review,"inIEEETransactionsonIndustrialElectronics, vol.29,no.3,1982,pp.179–187.

[4] L. Malesani and P. Tenti, "Performance Evaluation of ControlledRectifierswithActiveLoadManagement,"in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 4, no. 2, 1989,pp.159–168.

[5] C.A.Nassif,S.M.A.Cruz,"ModelingandSimulationof Single-Phase Rectifiers for Power Quality Studies," in InternationalJournalofPowerElectronics,vol.3,no.2, 2011,pp.137–150.

[6] G. K. Dubey, S. R. Doradla, A. Joshi, R. M. K. Sinha, "Thyristor-BasedPowerElectronicsCircuits,"NewAge International,2004.

[7] Muhammad H. Rashid, "Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices,andApplications,"4thed.,PearsonEducation, 2014.

[8] P.S.Bimbhra,"PowerElectronics,"KhannaPublishers, 2012.

[9] https://circuitdigest.com/tutorial/single-phase-halfcontrolled-rectifier

[10] https://www.electrical4u.com/single-phase-half-wavecontrolled-rectifier

BIOGRAPHIES

Prof.YogeshR.Naik

ElectricalEngineering

SanjeevanGroupofInstitutes Kolhapur,Maharashtra yogesh.naik@seti.edu.in

CharapleRohiniPandurang

ElectricalEngineering

SanjeevanGroupofInstitutes Kolhapur,Maharashtra rohinicharaple5@gmail.com

PujariUttamTanaji

ElectricalEngineering

SanjeevanGroupofInstitutes Kolhapur,Maharashtra uttampujari10@gmail.com

KumbharAdinathJalindar

ElectricalEngineering

SanjeevanGroupofInstitutes Kolhapur,Maharashtra adinathkumbhar96@gmail.com