International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 06 | Jun 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Enhancement of Radiator Efficiency by Using Nanofluids Prashant Mandora1, Anurag Kedar1, Onkar Padale1, Ravi Nitta1, Prof. P.V. Deshmukh 2 1student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, AISSMS College of Engineering, Pune, India
2Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, AISSMS College of Engineering, Pune, India
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Abstract - Abstract - The current research investigates
conventional coolants in a controlled radiator test rig. The work revolves around evaluating the influence of adding zinc oxide (ZnO) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles to a base fluid under controlled operating conditions. Particular attention is focused on measuring temperature reductions, examining heat transfer characteristics, and comparing overall cooling efficiency. Through the use of nanofluids in the radiator system, this paper aims to determine whether enhanced thermal conductivity results in measurable differences in performance.
the enhancement in the thermal efficiency of car radiators using nanofluids. Going beyond the limitations of normal coolants, the research theoretically and experimentally developed the thermal efficiency of Magnesium Oxide (MgO) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanofluids. Results consistently revealed that nanofluids demonstrate higher heat transfer rates and overall cooling efficiencies. The findings suggest that nanofluids offer a promising solution for improved thermal management. Key Words: Radiator Efficiency, Nanofluid, Heat Transfer Enhancement, Thermal Conductivity, Magnesium Oxide (MgO), Zinc Oxide (ZnO), Specific Heat Capacity, NTU Method (Effectiveness-NTU), Coolant Performance, Heat Exchanger Design
1.1 Problem Statement Conventional radiator coolants such as water and ethylene glycol mixtures have low thermal conductivity, which limits their ability to transfer heat from high-performance engines efficiently. This limitation normally results in poor cooling, reduced engine efficiency, and increased susceptibility to overheating. In response to ongoing demands of high-output and compact systems, there is an urgent need to introduce enhanced heat transfer capacity without the redesign of already available cooling systems. The current study investigates this limitation by considering the use of nanofluids containing ZnO and MgO nanoparticles for improving thermal performance of radiators.
1. INTRODUCTION The ongoing improvement of automotive and mechanical systems has enabled the development of highperformance engines with voluminous heat outputs upon operation. Effective thermal management has thus become essential to ensure that overheating is prevented, components are safeguarded, and optimal performance levels are maintained. Arguably the most important component of the cooling system of a vehicle is the radiator, whose function lies in transferring heat from the circulating coolant to the surrounding air. Traditional radiators coolants, being primarily water or an ethylene glycol water mixture, are limited by their relatively low thermal conductivity. With engine configurations increasingly requiring more cooling performance, the limitations of conventional fluids have spurred the development of alternative coolants. Some of the most promising developments in this regard are nanofluids, which are specially designed fluids with suspended nanoparticles that enhance the thermal performance significantly. Nanofluids are nanoscale particles (usually less than 100 nm) of metal oxides or carbon-based materials suspended in a base fluid. These particles enhance the fluid's heat-conducting and heat-transfer abilities by providing extra thermal pathways and altering fluid dynamics at the micro-level. Consequently, nanofluids have been observed to have high potential in increasing heat transfer rates, enhancing convective heat transfer coefficients, and reducing temperature gradients in radiators and heat exchangers. This paper investigates the relative performance of nanofluids compared to
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1.2 Methodology The methodological approach used in this study integrates experimental design, material medication, and performance dimension to probe the effect of nanofluids on radiator effectiveness. The entire process is divided into colorful important way 1. Literature Review: A critical review of the scientific literature was accepted to interpret the geste of nanofluids in thermal systems. The exploration involved the study of their parcels, conflation routes, and former uses in auto radiators and heat exchangers. 2. Material Selection: Water was chosen to be the reference fluid since it's generally used in radiator systems. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles were chosen due to
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