International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 12 Issue: 08 | August 2025
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p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Effect of Bar Diameter and Concrete Strength on GFRP RC Beam Capacity Using CSA Code-Based Analysis Vallabha C D1, Dr. Naveen R 2, Pavan3, Veeshal Rathod V4 1PG Student (MTech) in Structural Engineering, Dr Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 2Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Dr Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Bangalore,
Karnataka, India
3PG Student (MTech) in Structural Engineering, Dr Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
4PG Student (MTech) in Structural Engineering, Dr Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------cross-section (150 mm × 300 mm) and span length (2 m) constant. The CSA-based analytical approach was used to the flexural behavior of a glass fiber reinforced beam by using generate load–deflection curves, load–crack width CSA. A parametric analysis was performed by varying the relationships, and crack spacing predictions for each GFRP bar diameter(8mm,10mm,12mm,16mm) with varying configuration. The findings aim to highlight how variations compressive strength(20MPa,40MPa,60MPa,80MPa). in reinforcement size and concrete strength influence the overall flexural performance, offering insights that can The geometry of the beam was kept constant, with a width support efficient and code-compliant design of GFRPbeing 150 mm, 300mm, and the length of the beam is 2m. The reinforced members. CSA equations were used to get the load vs deflection curve, load vs crack width curve, and crack spacing for all the 2. LITERATURE REVIEW varying compositions of beams.
Abstract – This paper presents a numerical investigation of
1. INTRODUCTION The use of glass fiber–reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars in reinforced concrete structures has gained momentum in recent decades due to their non-corrosive nature, high tensile capacity, and reduced self-weight compared to steel reinforcement. These attributes make GFRP reinforcement an attractive option for structures exposed to severe environmental conditions, such as coastal regions, chemical processing facilities, and infrastructure exposed to de-icing salts. Unlike steel, GFRP remains unaffected by chlorideinduced corrosion, thereby extending the service life of structures and reducing maintenance demands. At the same time, the lower modulus of elasticity and brittle failure characteristics of GFRP necessitate design methods that account for its unique mechanical behaviour. To address these requirements, the Canadian Standards Association introduced CSA S806, which provides specific design provisions for concrete members reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer bars. The standard includes recommendations for both strength and serviceability checks, as well as guidelines for crack width and deflection control, enabling engineers to design GFRP-reinforced members with greater reliability. The present study focuses on a numerical investigation of the flexural response of GFRP-reinforced concrete beams using CSA S806 design provisions. A parametric analysis was performed by varying reinforcement diameters (8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm,16mm) and concrete compressive strengths (20 MPa, 40 MPa, 60 MPa, and 80 MPa), while keeping the beam
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Mohammed et al. (2024) [1] experimentally compared reinforced concrete beams with traditional steel reinforcement and glass fiber–reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars under two-point loading. Their results showed that beams with GFRP bars exhibited higher deflections and loadcarrying capacity compared to steel-reinforced beams, although the first cracks occurred earlier and were wider in GFRP beams. The study also concluded that variations in concrete compressive strength had minimal influence on the flexural properties, indicating that reinforcement type and diameter are more significant parameters in determining beam performance. Belay et al. (2024) [2] tested small concrete beams reinforced with GFRP, BFRP, and conventional steel bars to compare ultimate load capacity, deflection, and failure mode. They found that GFRP-reinforced specimens achieved the highest ultimate capacity among the materials studied, but both types of FRP bars produced larger midspan deflections than steel. Failure in FRP-reinforced beams tended to be governed by bending (with more deformation before collapse), whereas steel-reinforced beams failed more abruptly. The study highlights the trade-off between higher capacity and reduced stiffness for FRP reinforcement, suggesting designers must pay special attention to serviceability (deflection and crack control) when replacing steel with FRP. Sagaya Bastina and Renganathan (2018) [3] investigated the flexural performance of M30 grade concrete beams reinforced with GFRP bars. Four beams were cast— two with GFRP as main reinforcement and HYSD steel as
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