International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 04 | Apr 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
BEYOND
TRADITIONAL TRAFFIC SOLUTIONS: Exploring the feasibility and impact of E-micro-mobility adoption
Ar. Pratyush Saxena1 , Ar. Mahima Thussu2 , Dr. Divya Pandey3
1 MURP 2nd year, Faculty of architecture and planning, 2 Professor, Faculty of architecture and planning, 3 Professor, Faculty of architecture and planning Professor, 123A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 226007 (India)
Abstract - Rapid urbanization and population growth in Indian cities have led to increased traffic congestion and environmental issues, prompting a need for sustainable mobility solutions. This study explores the feasibility of emicromobility, including e-bikes and e-scooters, as a viable alternativetotraditionaltransportmethods. Usingamixedmethodsapproach,theresearchincludesaliteraturereview and a comparative analysis of case studies from cities like San Francisco, Paris, Bengaluru, and Ahmedabad. Findings indicate that successful e-micromobility deployment relies on strong policies, sufficient charging infrastructure, geofencing, and public acceptance, with challenges such as infrastructurelimitationsandregulatoryinconsistencies.
The study proposes a framework for integrating emicromobilityintoIndianurbantransportsystems,focusing on multimodal connectivity, equitable access, and sustainability. It serves as a foundation for policymakers and urban planners, with recommendations for further research to enhance the framework's applicability across variousIndiancities.
Key Words: Atal Setu, Sea Bridge, Traffic congestion, Longevity,SustainableInfrastructure
1. INTRODUCTION
E-mobility refers to the use of electric-powered transportationmodes,includinge-bikes,e-scooters,e-cars, and electric buses, as sustainable alternatives to conventionalfuel-basedvehicles.Thisshiftisdrivenbythe urgentneedtoreducegreenhousegasemissions,mitigate air pollution, and enhance energy efficiency in urban transport systems. E-micro-mobility refers to the use of small, lightweight electric-powered vehicles designed for short-distancetravel,typicallyinurbanareas.
1.1 Active Govt. schemes in India
NationalElectricMobilityMissionPlan(NEMMP): Launchedin2012topromotehybridand electric vehiclesinthecountry.
FasterAdoptionandManufacturingofhybridand Electric vehicles (FAME): Phase 1: 2015-2019 ; Phase2:2019-2022
PMElectricDriveRevolutioninInnovativeVehicle Enhancement(PME-DRIVE)Scheme
Electric Mobility Promotion Scheme 2024 (EMPS 2024):ByMinistryofHeavyIndustries
2. Research Design
2.1 Aim
To develop a framework for integrating e-micromobility with Aligarh’s urban transport system to enhance connectivity, reduce congestion, and promote sustainable mobility.
2.2 Objectives:
1. Assessing feasibility by evaluating parameters necessary for the integration of e-micromobility solutions.
2. To identify challenges and key barriers such as regulatory constraints, economic limitations and infrastructuralgaps.
3. DevelopingStrategicInterventionsbyformulatinga structured framework with policy recommendations and design interventions for seamlesse-micromobilityintegrationintothecity's transportsystems.
4. Analyzing Impact by examining the potential benefits of e-micromobility on traffic congestion, accessibilityandenvironmentalsustainability.
2.3
Need of Study:
Withthepressingneedforenvironmentalsustainability and the shift towards changing mobility trends, emicromobilityoffersapromisingsolution.Technological advancements have made electric vehicles more efficientandaccessible,enablingtheirintegrationwith existing urban infrastructure. These solutions are particularlyrelevantfordevelopingregions,wherecosteffective and scalable transportation options are essentialtoaccommodatefutureurbangrowth.
Methodology
Fig -1: Methodology
3. Literature study
Table -1: LiteratureStudy
4. Case Study
4.1 San Francisco
The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA) implemented an e-micromobility program (2017–2019) with an $80 billion budget, covering 76 sq. km. Key strategies included a permit system, geofencing for parking and usage, and community engagement to address concerns. Challenges such as geofence limitations, community opposition, and vehiclecapsimpactedeffectiveness.Despitethese,the initiative improved mobility, reduced congestion, and promoted sustainability. The government prioritized EV adoption, integrated charging infrastructure, and enhanced public transit connectivity. Postimplementation adjustments focused on refining regulations, addressing spatial inequities, and strengthening operational strategies to ensure longtermfeasibilityandenvironmentalbenefits.
4.2 Paris
Paris has implemented a comprehensive e-mobility strategy to promote sustainable urban transport, focusing on non-polluting modes like cycling, electric vehicles, and public transport. Covering 78.05 sq. km with a budget of $273M, key initiatives include over 1,000 km of cycling routes, expanded EV charging stations, and policies like the Ecologic bonus/malus system. The city integrates e-mobility with public transport, supports participatory governance, and aimstophaseoutdieselby2024andpetrolby2030.
Challenges include safety concerns, urban space management, and accessibility disparities. Despite these, Paris has seen improved mobility, reduced congestion, and enhanced environmental sustainability.
4.3 Brisbane
Brisbane’s e-mobility strategy, initiated by the Brisbane City Council (BCC), aims to create a sustainable, accessible, and efficient transport network while reducing congestion. Covering 1,100 sq. km with a budget of $66M, the city introduced policies, dedicated infrastructure, and partnerships with companies like Lime and Neuron. Key measures include e-scooter regulations, public charging facilities,andawarenesscampaigns.
4.4 Bengaluru
Bengaluru has implemented a strategic transition towardselectricmobility,aimingfor50%EVadoption by2030.Coveringanareaof290sq.kmwithabudget of $300M, key policies such as the Karnataka EV & Energy Storage Policy (2017) and FAME schemes (2015,2019)havedrivenprogress.Keystakeholders
Volume: 12 Issue: 04 | Apr 2025 www.irjet.net
include government bodies and companies like Ola, Yulu, BMTC, and Uber. Strategies focus on charging infrastructure,battery swapping, metro integration, and corporate engagement. Challenges include inadequate charging stations, high costs, policy gaps, and public transport limitations. Theshift to e-mobility is expected to enhance sustainability, economic growth, and urban mobility.
5. Comparative Analysis
Table -1: LiteratureStudy
Black bold: Commonparametersineverystudy
Blue bold: Uniqueparametersineachstudy
6. Feasibility Analysis:
7. Way Forward:
Fig -3: Wayforward
This research is supposed to continue with site
selection and a preliminary site analysis to align feasibilityparametersfromcasestudieswiththesite’s context, identifying unique challenges and opportunities.
8. Conclusion:
In conclusion, the case studies of Paris, Brisbane, San Francisco and Bengaluru provide valuable insights into the evolving landscape of e-micro- mobility and its integration into urban transportation systems. Each city has approached the regulation and implementationofe-scootersande-bikeswithunique strategiesthatreflecttheirspecificurbancontextsand policy goals. Paris exemplifies a proactive approach, leveraging geo- fencing to manage spatial equity and ensure that micro-mobility services align with public policy objectives, such as reducing congestion and enhancing accessibility. Brisbane's experience highlights the importance of collaboration between local government and private operators, emphasizing the need for clear regulations and infrastructure that support safe and efficient e- mobility. Meanwhile, San Francisco's regulatory framework showcases the challengesofmanagingmultipleoperatorsandthe
Fig -2: FeasibilityAnalysis
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 04 | Apr 2025 www.irjet.net
necessity of adapting policies to address safety concerns and public space usage. Collectively, these case studies underscore the critical role of stakeholder engagement, data- driven decision-making, and adaptive governance in fostering a sustainable and equitable e-micromobility ecosystem that meets the diverse needs of urban populations. The feasibility analysis also led to the identification parameters that are the most applicable in the current scenarios and would be considered if any site is to be geo-fenced for the implementationofe-mobility.
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