International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 04 | Apr 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Smart Farming IoT Technology MADDUKURI PUJITHA1 , RAMIREDDY SWATHI2,M.SARASWATHI3, LELLA NAVEEN KUMAR4, K.MANI PURNA CHANDRA 5 1Student & AMRITA SAI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2Student & AMRITA SAI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 3Assistant Professor & AMRITA SAI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 4Student & AMRITA SAI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 5Student & AMRITA SAI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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Abstract -
Keywords: Smart Farming, IoT, Soil Moisture Sensor, DHT11, Automation, Precision Agriculture, Embedded Systems, Microcontroller, Environmental Monitoring, Temperature Sensor, Humidity Sensor, Smart Irrigation, Relay Control, Sustainable Agriculture, Sensor-based Farming, Agricultural Technology, Real-time Monitoring, Arduino, Water Conservation, Agricultural Automation
The exponential growth of the global population and the increasing demand for sustainable agricultural practices have highlighted the need for intelligent and efficient farming systems. This project, titled “Smart Farming using IoT Technology”, presents a practical and scalable approach to automating agricultural monitoring using sensor-based IoT devices. The system leverages a DHT11 sensor for temperature and humidity detection and a soil moisture sensor to assess the water content of the soil in real-time. These readings are continuously analyzed by a microcontroller, which intelligently controls a water pump through a relay module to ensure optimal irrigation.
1.INTRODUCTION Agriculture is the cornerstone of any economy, especially in developing countries where a significant portion of the population depends on it for livelihood. In recent decades, the agricultural sector has faced several challenges, including increasing population, climate variability, resource scarcity, and the need for sustainable farming methods. To address these issues, the integration of technology—particularly the Internet of Things (IoT)—has emerged as a transformative solution. Smart farming using IoT technology is one such innovation that has the potential to revolutionize traditional farming practices by enabling precision, automation, and real-time monitoring.
By integrating basic Internet of Things (IoT) principles, the system reduces the need for human intervention, improves resource management, and supports precision agriculture. When the soil moisture falls below a defined threshold, the relay is triggered to activate the irrigation mechanism, ensuring that plants receive adequate water without manual oversight. Simultaneously, ambient temperature and humidity data are captured, which can be used for further environmental analysis or crop-specific adjustments.
The term Smart Farming refers to the application of modern Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into agriculture to enhance the quality and quantity of crops while reducing waste and optimizing the use of resources such as water, fertilizer, and energy. When IoT is embedded into this domain, it allows for real-time data collection, intelligent decision-making, and remote control over farming operations. IoT-based agriculture systems can monitor environmental conditions like temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and more to automate essential processes, such as irrigation.
The implementation provides a low-cost yet highly efficient model suitable for small to medium-scale farms. It also offers potential for future expansion, including wireless data logging, remote control through mobile or web applications, and integration with weather prediction services for predictive irrigation. The system aligns with modern agricultural innovations aimed at maximizing yield, conserving water, and promoting sustainable practices through automation and intelligent control.
This project, “Smart Farming using IoT Technology,” presents a prototype that leverages two fundamental sensors—a soil moisture sensor and a DHT11 sensor (for temperature and humidity)—alongside a microcontroller and a relay-controlled irrigation system. The primary goal of the system is to intelligently manage irrigation, ensuring that crops receive sufficient water when needed without overuse. This not only conserves water but also supports healthier crop growth.
This work demonstrates the capability of embedded systems in revolutionizing traditional farming by enabling data-driven decisions and real-time monitoring. The proposed system is ideal for educational, research, and field-level implementation, and serves as a foundational block for more advanced smart agriculture ecosystems.
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