ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A SUSTAINABLE BUNGALOW BY USING CIRCULAR ECONOMY by IRJET Journal

“ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A SUSTAINABLE BUNGALOW BY USING CIRCULAR ECONOMY”

Akanksha More1 , Manali Sawant1 , Rutuja Khot1, Prof. Shekhar Sorate2

1Student, Dept. of civil Engineering, Vishwaniketan’s Institute of Management Entrepreneurship And Engineering Technology, Khalapur, Raigad, Maharashtra, India

2Professor, Dept. of civil Engineering, Vishwaniketan’s Institute of Management Entrepreneurship And Engineering Technology, Khalapur, Raigad, Maharashtra, India

Abstract - The design for the G+1 bungalow at the Pali Jambhulpada. to develop a sustainable bungalow by using various construction materials, systems, and techniques. Particularly, the 4R principle method used for waste management. The terracotta pot technique used for thermal insulation to reduce the need for artificial cooling. Solar panels install to generate renewable energy and lower electricity consumption. The terrace had terrazzo flooring, which helps to maintain a cooler indoor environment. A rainwater harvesting system design and implemented to optimize water usage. For landscaping, design a droughtresistant tree system that requires a minimum quantity of waterandprovidesshade.Finally,tocalculateenvironmental impact and construction cost, which lower than that of a conventional bungalow.

Key Words: Sustainablebungalow,Terracottapottechnique, Solar panels Landscaping,

1.INTRODUCTION

The proposed sustainable bungalow is located at the Pali Jambhulpada in the Raigad district of Maharashtra. This placeisconnectedtotheroad&spreadover more than 2 acres.Theaimofthisisacreateamodernanddurableliving space, including an effective plan, sustainable structural design, and organic features. The residential bungalow is plannedwithanareaof82.04sq.m.astheG+1structureand a total heightof 6 m.Design secures enoughnatural light, properventilation,residential dimension,andstock space for the inhabitants to be comfortable and functional. For architecturalmodelling,Revitarchitecturesoftwareisused formodelling,accuratelyactivatedfor3Dvisualizationand effective integration of design components. Structural analysis and design are done using the Staad Pro, which ensuresthestability,strength,andsafetyofthebungalow. TheworkisdesignedIncreasethenaturalbeautyofthesite by incorporating native plants, shaking areas to improve biodiversity, and trees and air quality. This includes a harvest of rainwater. The system, which helps with water conservation, charging groundwater, and reducing dependenceonexternalwatersources.Thisinitiativetostop theearthensuresastableandpermanentwatersupply.In order to further promote energy efficiency, the project

integrates solar panel energy solutions by installing solar energywithhigh-efficiencypanels.Ithelpstoreducecostsof power, reduce carbon emissions, and provide a reliable sourceofrenewableenergy.Withsolarenergy,thepurpose of the project is to achieve energy self-supply while contributing to environmental stability. The choice of Anotherimportantfeatureofsustainablebuildingmaterialis Project.Itusesterracotta,recycledwood,aluminium,cork, andterrazzo,allofwhichareenvironmentallyfriendlyand contribute to energy efficiency, resource security, and environmental impacts. This material not only improves durabilityandaestheticsinthebungalowbutalsoreduces waste and promotes a small carbon footprint in the construction.Overall,theprojectisdesignedasamodern, durable, and environmentally responsible housing development.Byintegratingadvanceddesigntechnologies, renewable energysolutions, andenvironmentallyfriendly materials, projects provide a comfortable, durable, and energy living space. It acts as a model for future housing projects that prefer stability, functionality, and long-term flexibility.

2. METHODOLOGY

2.1TOPOGRAPHY:-

2.1.1.SiteSelection:-

ThesiteislocatedatPalijambhulpadaintheRaigaddistrict. Thesiteiswellconnectedtoroadway.

500mawayjambhulpadabusstop

25 km away khopoli railway station

51 km away from Mumbai airport

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 04 | Apr 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

2.2. PLANNING: -

TheG+1bungalowiscreatedbyusingBIMsoftware.

2.2.1. Details of the structure

1.Sizeofbeam=0.23x0.3m.

2.Sizeoffooting=2.4x2.4x1.2m.

3.Sizeofcolumn=0.23x0.3m.

2.2.2. Plan Of the Bungalow

AutodeskRevitisa3DBuildingInformationModelling(BIM) software by Autodesk, designed for architects, engineers, designers, and contractors. It allows users to create and design3D models with defaultfurniture and components, annotatewith2Delements,andaccessbuildingdata.With 4D BIM capabilities, it helps plan and track a building’s lifecyclefromconceptiontodemolition.

2.2.3. Energy Analysis: -

TheenergyanalysisisdonebyusingRevitsoftware.

Fig.03:-Benchmarkofconventionalbungalowand sustainablebungalow

TheInsight360programofferstheintensityofpureannual energyconsumptionandannualcostsfortheunitperunit EUI.Itcreditstheuseofenergytothemainparametersthat can significantly affect it. Insight 360 provides the energy consumption price for the BIM model and other options provided by the program. In addition, for reference in all additionalcomparativedata,theBIMmodelEUIshouldbe takenaszero,asitisconsideredabaseline.Thefactorsused by Insight 360 are construction orientation, window wall condition, Window shadow, window glass materials used, Wall construction, Roof, Daylight and coating control, Air infiltration, Light and plug load efficiency, HVAC system, Operatingplan,PVanalysis.

Fig.01:Mapview

Fig.02:-3Dview

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Fig.04:-Rangeofenergyuseintensityandenergycostof conventionalandsustainablebungalow

Fig.05:-Conventionalbungalowenergycostoffactorin autodeskinsight

Fig.06:-Sustainablebungalowenergycostoffactorin autodeskinsight

2.3. ANALYSIS

Fig.07:-Plan

Fig.08:-Renderingview

2.3.1. Load Calculations

1. Slabthickness=0.12m.

2.Deadload

Self-Weight=Y-1kN/m.

MemberLoad=UniformForces=-5kN/m.

3.Liveload

MemberLoad=UniformForces=-5kN/m.

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Volume: 12 Issue: 04 | Apr 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

4.Loadcombination=1.5(DL+LL)

Fig.09:-Displacementdiagram

Fig10:-Shearforcediagram

Fig11:-Bendingmomentdiagram

2.3.2. Manual calculation of design of continuous beam:

 Sizeofbeamis230X300mm

 Thicknessofslab=120mm

 DeadLoad=5KN/m2

 LiveLoad=5KN/m2

 M25,fck=25Mpa

 Fe415,fy=415Mpa

 Thicknessoffloorfinish=40mm

 DensityofConcrete=25KN/m3

Step 1 - Load calculations:

A)DeadLoad=

self-weight=bxDxρ =1x0.12xy25 =3KN/m

FloorFinishLoad=1KN/m2 =1x1=1KN/m

DeadLoad=3+1=4KN/m

B)LiveLoad=5KN/m2 =5x1=5KN/m

Totalslabload=4+5=9KN/m

Factoredloadslab=1.5γg13.5KN/m

a)loadonB1,duetoslabρ(2.9x3)

Triangle △=WLx/3 =13.5x2.9/3 =13.05KN/m

b)self-weightofbeam=bxdxρ =0.23x0.3x25 =1.73KN/m

c)requiredwallloadonB1=bxDxρ =0.23x(3–0.12)x12 =7.95KN/m

FactoredloadonB1

=(a)+(1.5xb)+(1.5xc) =13.05+(1.5xb)+(1.5xc) =27.57KN/mxlength =27.57x2.9 =79.53KN

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Mu =wl2/8=27.57x2.92 /8=28.98KN-m

Mulim=0.138fckbd2

=0.138x25x230x3002

=71.42x106 N.mm =71.42KN-m

Mu<Mulim

= 28.98 KN-m < 71.42 KN-m ……………... (Hence sectionisUnderReinforced)

Design is safe

Step 2: - Area Of Steel

Mulim=0.87fyxAstxdx(1–Astxfy/bxdfck)

71.42x106 =0.87x415xAstx300x(1–Astx415/1000x 300x25)

Ast=685.36mm2

No. of bars = Ast/ast = 685.36 / π/4 x 202 = 2.18 = 4

Numbers

Provide4Numbersof20mmdiameter

Ast=685.36mm2

Step 3:- Reinforcement diagram

13.5x3.11x3.11/2–RBx3.11=0

RB=20.99KN

Weknowthat,

RA+RB=TotalLoad

RA+20.99=13.5x3.11

RA=20.995KN

Step 5: - To calculate shear force diagram

Fig.14:-Shearforcediagram

AL=0KN

AR=20.995KN

BL=20.995–(13.5X3.11)

=-20.99KN

BR=-20.99+20.99=0KN

20.995/3.11–X=20.99/X

20.995X=65.28-20.99X

41.985X=65.28

X=1.5548mfromB

Fig.12:-Reinforcementofbeam

Step 4: - To calculate support reactions

Fig.13:-Calculatesupportreactions

TakeamomentaboutApoint

ThemanualcalculationandSTAADProcalculationarethe same,sothedesignissafeandcorrect

2.3.3. Manual calculation of design of column: -

 columnsize=230mmx300mm.

 Gradeofconcrete=fck =25Mpa.

 Gradeofsteel=fe=415Mpa.

 Heightofcolumn=3mperfloor.

 Totalheight=6m.

 Effectivelengthfactor(k)=1forcolumnwith fixedend.



Axialload:-assumeP=500KN(Basedongeneral residentialloadconsiderations)

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Step 1: - Slenderness ratio check:

Leff=kxl=1x6=6000mm

γmin=minimumradiusofgyration

γmin=LeastLateralDimension/√12

γmin=230/√12=66.4min

λ=6000/66.4=90.36

since,λ>12Thecolumnisclassifiedasalongcolumn

Step 2: - Axial load carrying capacity (Euler’s Buckling Load)

Euler’sformulaforalongcolumnis:

Ec=5000√fck=5000x√25=25000Mpa

I=bd3 /12=230x3003 /12=517500000mm4

Now,

Pcr=π2 x25000x517500000/(6000)2

Pcr=685KN

SinceP=500KN<Pcr=685KN

Thecolumnissafeagainstbuckling

Step 3: - Design of axial load (Pu = 500 KN)

Pn=0.4xfckxAg+0.67xfyxAs

Assuming1%ofsteelandreinforcementof230x300mm

As=0.01x(230x300)=690mm2

GrossArea(Ag)=230x300=69000mm2

Pn=0.4x25x69000+0.67x415x690

Pn=881.85KN

Since,Pn=881.85KN>P=500KN

Thecolumnissafe

Step 4 :- Reinforcement details

No.ofbars=Asc/AΦ

=690/π/4x202 =2.196=4Numbers

LateralTie:

Diameter=8mm

Spacingminimumof(16x20mm,48mmor300mm) =300mmc/c

2.4. TECHNIQUES

2.4.1. Landscape: -

Itimprovestheaestheticsandstabilityofaregion.Through elementssuchasgardens,seating,flowers,androutes.G+1 bungalow has the facility for environmentally friendly landscape work. Household facilities, shaded sitting, and strategically Planted trees for shade and air quality. This design is supplemented Architecture that promotes biodiversityandstability.

Basicprinciplesoflandscapedesign:

1.Unitindesign

2.Focuspoints

3.Balanceandsymmetry

4.Rhythmandrepetition

Fig.15:-LandscapeRevitdesign

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2.4.2. Rainwater Harvesting: -

WehaveusedthePVCpipeforG+1structureofrainwater harvestingbecausethesmoothinnersurfaceofPVCpipes allowswatertoflowefficientlywithminimalfriction.They are lightweight, installation and maintenance are easier compared to metal pipes. moreover, they are more affordablethanothermaterials,suchasmetalorconcrete pipes.ThePVCpipehasalengthof6meters,adiameterof 80mm,andcostis250perpiece.

16:

2.4.2.1. Design of Rainwater Harvesting: -

RoofArea=73.4921m2

Annual Rainfall= 3422.2mm (As per Indian metrological Department2022)

Runoff=0.85(AssumingMinimumLosses)

1)MaximumRWHCapacity=RoofAreaXAnnualRainfall =73.4921X3.4222 =251,360litres

2)MonthlyRainCapture=R/2 =3.422/2 =0.2852m

3)MonthlyRainwaterCapacity=RoofAreaXMonthlyRain CaptureXRunoff

=73.4921X0.2852X0.85 =17,810litres

4)AnnualRainfall=RoofAreaXRainfallXRunoff =73.4921X3.4222X0.85 =213,650litres

5)AreaOfTankRequired=AnnualRainfall/D (Assuming1.2mDepthofTank) =213.65/1.2 =178.02m2

6)PercentageofWaterStored

= Storage Capacity/total rainwater available X 100 =213,650/251360X100 =85%

2.4.3. Solar Panel: -

ForourG+1bungalow,wehaveinstalled4solarpanelsthat generate 3 kW of energy. Solar panels help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, making bungalows more environmentally friendly. the cost of the solar panels is 78000,resultingina13.98%savingsinenergy.

Fig.17:-SolarpowersystemRevitdesign

2.4.4. Materials: -

Materialplaysanimportantroleinsustainabilitybyaffecting energy efficiency, resource protection, and environmental impact.Durablematerialssuchascork,terracotta,recycled wood,aluminumandterrazzocontributetoenvironmentally friendlyconstructionanddesign.Materialsarefundamental to development when they directly affect environmental protection, energy efficiency, and long-term feasibility in architectureandProduction.choosingtherightmaterialcan be important to reduce waste, reduce footprints with low carbon,andpromoteenergycapacity.

FollowingMaterialsweusedinourproject:-

Terracotta

RecycledWood

Fig.

-RainwaterharvestingRevitdesign

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

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2.4.4.3. Aluminum

2.4.4.1. Terracotta

Terracottaisanaturalsoil-basedmaterial,iswidelyusedin architectureduetothermalinsulation,lowmaintenanceand long-termproperties,makingitanenvironmentallyfriendly alternativeforfacades,ceilingsandfloors.

18:

2.4.4.2. Recycled Wood: -

We are using recycled wood for doors in G+1 bungalow becauseismoreaffordablethanthenewwood.Itprovidesa unique,rustic,andnaturallooktothedoors.Usingrecycled wood repurposes old materials, preventing waste. By choosing recycled wood, we contribute to sustainability whilemaintaining qualityandaestheticsinourbungalow. Thecostoftherecycledwooddooris₹8,000.

Aluminumisusedfor windowsinourG+1bungalow.Itis widely used in sustainable bungalow because it is lightweight, durable, and highly recyclable. With excellent corrosion resistance, aluminum is ideal for long-term use withminimalmaintenance.Aluminumalsoenhancesenergy efficiencyinbungalowbyprovidingeffectiveinsulationand reflectingheat,whichhelpsregulateindoortemperatures. Its versatility in construction, along with its sustainability benefits, makes aluminum a preferred material for sustainablebungalow.Thecostofthewindowis₹2,500.

2.4.4.4. Cork

CorkisusedforflooringinourG+1bungalowbecauseitis aneco-friendlyandsustainablematerial.Itiscutfromthe bark of cork oak allows trees, without damaging them continue to revive and absorb carbon dioxide. Cork is naturally durable, resistant to moisture, and provides excellentthermalandsoundinsulation,makingitanenergyefficientchoiceforflooring. Itisalsosoftandcomfortable underfoot,reducingstrainwhilewalking.Itsuniquetexture andwarmappearanceaddaestheticvaluetothebungalow whilepromotingsustainability.Thecostofcorkflooringis ₹850persquaremeter.

Fig.

-Roofsectionafterclaypotsinstalled

Fig.19:-Recycledwoodfordoors

Fig.20:-Aluminumforwindows

Fig.21:-Corkforflooring

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2.4.4.5.

Terrazzo

We haveused terrazzoflooringfor the terrace in our G+1 bungalow.Terrazzoisusedforterraceflooringbecauseitis durable,weather-resistant,andlowmaintenance.Itismade from a mix of marble, quartz, granite, and other recycled materials,makingitaneco-friendlyandsustainablechoice. Its long lifespan and minimal maintenance requirements make it a cost-effective flooring option for sustainable bungalow.Ourterraceareais67.35squaremeters,andthe costofterrazzoflooringis₹475persquaremeter.

3. RESULT

 TheBuildingInformationModellingsoftwareslike AutodeskRevitarchitectureandAutodeskInsightis found to be very effective for in developing and creatingenergyefficientbungalow.

 FromtheBungalowPerformanceAnalysesthereis about 13.98 % Energy Cost savings for the conventionalbungalowcomparedtothesustainable Bungalow.

 We reduced cost of sustainable bungalow approximately1Lakhs.

4. CONCLUSION

Theestimationandcomparisonbetweenconventionaland sustainable bungalows highlight the advantages of sustainability in construction. sustainable bungalows not onlyreducecostsbutalsominimizeenvironmentalimpact throughefficientresourceutilization.Theincorporationof construction debris for plinth filling helps in waste reduction, while well-designed windows enhance natural lighting and ventilation, reducing energy consumption. Additionally,water-efficientplumbingfixturescontributeto water conservation. overall, sustainable bungalows demonstratesuperiorenergyefficiencyandeco-friendliness comparedtoconventionaldesigns,makingthemapractical andresponsiblechoiceformodernconstruction.

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Fig.22:-Terrazzoforterraceflooring

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 04 | Apr 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

[15] AnupGaikwad,Terracottaproductsformaintaining sustainability in architectural and construction Methodologies, Deccan College of Interior Design, Kolhapur,Maharashtra,India,2023.

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