International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 11 | Nov 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF MARINE CLAY STABILIZED WITH FOUNDRY SAND AND ZYCOBOND Dr. D. Koteswara Rao1, G. Sathish2 1Professor, Department of Civil Engineering and OSD to Hon’ble Vice Chancellor , JNTUK, Kakinada, Andhra
Pradesh, India,
2Post graduation Student, Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering Kakinada(A), JNTUK,
Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------1.1 Foundry Sand Abstract - The Marine clay is available in and around the off-shore areas abundantly. It becomes a challenge for civil engineers to construct pavements on marine clays due to its low shear strength and high deformation characteristics. The marine clays are generally found in the coastal region of West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra and some parts of Gujarat. Marine clay that exists in these regions are weak and deformative in nature. The present study deals with the strength characteristics of the marine clay collected from Special Economic Zone (SEZ), Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India. In the present study, an attempt has been taken to improve the Index and Engineering properties of the marine clay by using foundry sand as admixture and zycobond as a chemical. Laboratory tests were conducted to analyze the influence of varying percentages of foundry sand on percentage variation of Zycobond. Differential free swell Test, Modified Proctor Compaction Test, Atterberg Limits, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were performed. The Atterberg Limits, Dry Density and CBR of the marine clay has been improved on addition of 10% foundry sand and 1.5% zycobond as an optimum percentages. The present study demonstrates that the combination of industrial waste and chemical additives can be an effective, economical, and sustainable technique for the stabilization of marine clay.
Foundry sand is a by-product obtained from the metal casting industry. After several cycles of reuse, the foundry sand loses its binding capacity and is discarded as a byproduct. This discarded material, known as foundry sand waste, primarily consists of silica sand contaminated with ferrous and non-ferrous residues from the casting process, along with various binders.
1.2 Zycobond Zycobond is a commercially available chemical, used to enhance the bonding system of fine-grained soils. It works on modifying the soil microstructure, reducing plasticity, and improving strength characteristics. When combined with industrial by-products such as foundry sand, Zycobond as a chemical, resulting in improving loadbearing capacity and reducing the compressibility of problematic soils like marine clay.
2. OBJECTIVE OF THIS PRESENT STUDY ● To determine the properties of Marine Clay. ● To access the influence of varying dosage of foundry sand (8%, 9%, 10% and 11% by dry weight of soil) on the strength characteristics of marine clay and finalizing the optimum percentage addition of foundry sand. ● To access the effect of varying dosage of Zycobond (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% by dry weight of soil) on the strength properties of the marine clay treated with an optimum percentage of foundry sand and finalizing the optimum percentage addition of zycobond to the treated marine clay. ● To perform the cyclic plate load tests on both the treated and untreated marine clay subgrade model flexible pavements in the laboratory.
Key Words: Marine Clay (MC), Foundry Sand (FS), Zycobond (ZB), Soil Stabilization, CBR.
1. INTRODUCTION Marine clay is a soft, fine-grained soil formed in coastal regions due to sediment deposition under marine conditions. It is characterized by high water content, high compressibility, and very low bearing capacity, making it unsuitable for direct use in foundations or pavement construction. The excessive settlement and instability of marine clay pose challenges in geotechnical engineering, particularly in coastal infrastructure projects. Conventional stabilization techniques often involve lime, cement, or other binders, but these may not always be cost-effective or environmentally sustainable.
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3. LITERATURE REVIEW Dr. D. Koteswara Rao et al. (2011)(1), observed from laboratory investigations that the liquid limit and the plasticity index were significantly high and the optimum moisture content was below the plastic limit. It is also
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