9783796552045_LP by Schwabe Verlag

Annina Seiler & Nicole Studer-Joho (eds.)

OLD ENGLISH IN SWITZERLAND

Manuscripts, Texts and Libraries

Annina Seiler, Nicole Studer-Joho (eds.)

OldEnglish in Switzerland

Manuscripts, Textsand Libraries

Schwabe Verlag

Published with the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation.

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The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de

Cover illustration:St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 913 (p.140), Latin-Old English glossary with names of birds and animals from Leviticus 11 (CCBY-NC 4.0, with kind permission of the Abbey Library St. Gallen)

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ISBN Print 978-3-7965-5204-5

ISBN eBook (PDF)978-3-7965-5205-2

DOI 10.24894/ 978-3-7965-5205-2

The eBook has identical page numberstothe print edition (first printing)and supports full-text search. Furthermore, the table of contents is linked to the headings.

rights@schwabe.ch www.schwabe.ch

Annina Seiler

Mirjam Ottand Annina Seiler

Johanna Vogelsanger

Stephanie Caminada

Bastian Burgermeister and Omar Itani

Mengqing Duan, Annina Seiler and Yuanyuan Xu

Dominique Mühlebach and Olga Timofeeva

Christine Wallis

8. AFragment of Ælfric’sHomily

Andreas Nievergelt

Ludwig Rübekeil

Index

List

Preface

This book started out as aproject at the University of Zurich to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the Swiss Association of University Teachers of English (SAUTE)in2022. SAUTE was looking forplaces of English in Switzerland, sowedecided to organise apublicevent on Old English in Switzerland with MAstudents from the English Department ofthe University of Zurich. The obvious place for such an event wasquickly chosen:itwas to be hosted at the Abbey Library of St. Gallen, where most of the Old English textsinSwitzerland are located. In the Spring andAutumn Semesters of 2022, agroup of ten MAstudents from the University of Zurich researched the Old English texts availableinSwiss libraries andstudied the links between Anglo-Saxon England and Switzerland. On 26 September 2022 the event took place, withpresentations of the Old English texts fromSwitzerland in their linguistic and cultural context,approaching them froma scholarly as well as an imaginative and theatrical perspective. The researchundertaken in the context of this project formsthe basis for the present volume witha number of chapters written by our excellent MA students. To complement the volume, agroup of specialistsofOld English and other Germanic languages joined the project and generously contributed their expertise.

We would like to express our thanks towards anumber of institutions for supporting this project:

–the English Department of the University of Zurich for readily providing the opportunity to teach an MA “Project in Linguistics” on Old English in Switzerland, –the Swiss Association of University Teachers of Englishfor sponsoring the event, –the Abbey LibraryofSt. Gallen for hosting us and for granting access to their incomparablecollection of manuscripts,

–the BurgerbibliothekofBern, the Abbey Library of Einsiedeln and the Municipal Library of Schaffhausen forallowing us to study the Old English texts in their holdings on site, –and the Swiss National Science Foundation for funding thepublication of this book.

Special thanks aredue to Cornel Dora for supporting this project from beginning to end, for encouraging us to visit the Abbey Library of St. Gallen with our students over the years and, last but not least, for firstintroducing ustomany of the texts discussedinthis book when we were studentsourselves.

Annina Seiler and Nicole Studer-Joho

List of abbreviations and linguistic symbols

Lat =Latin

Gmc =Germanic

Grk =Greek

OE =Old English

ModE =Modern English

OHG =Old High German

MHG =Middle High German

NHG =New High German

* reconstructed(i.e. unattested)form

h i graphic representation

[…]phonetic representation

/…/ phonemic representation

‘…’ meaning /translation

> evolved into

< developed from

List of illustrations

Map 1: Early medievalEurope © James T. Palmer .. .. ..

Map 2: The area of the Anglo-Saxon mission on the Continent © JamesT.Palmer 31

Image 2.1: Old English bird names in Cod. Sang. 913 (p.140).

CC BY-NC 4.0, with kind permission of the Abbey Library St. Gallen .46

Image 2.2: Vernacularforms highlighted with superscript f (Cod. Sang. 283, p. 483).

CC BY-NC 4.0, with kind permission of the Abbey Library St. Gallen .. .. .60

Image 3.1: Old English schipleod ‘ship-song’ (col. a, l. 2) and cronpech ‘cake’ (col. b, l. 12)(Einsiedeln, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. 32(1060), p. 198).

With kind permission of the Abbey Library Einsiedeln .80

Image 4.1: The Anglo-Saxon futhorc belowthe inscription Anguliscum (St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 878, p.321;numbers added).

CC BY-NC 4.0, with kind permission of the Abbey Library St. Gallen .93

Image 4.2: Three runic words precede the futhorc titled Anguliscum (St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 878, p. 321).

CC BY-NC 4.0, with kind permission of the Abbey Library St. Gallen .. .. .94

Image 4.3: Atranscriptionofthe Abecedarium Nord[mannicum],procured by Ildefons von Arx and published by Wilhelm Grimm in 1828 .. .. .. .. .. 96

Image 5.1: De mensibus Anglorum in St. Gallen, Cod. Sang. 251 (p.69)

CC BY-NC 4.0, with kind permission of the Abbey Library St. Gallen .113

Image 5.2: De mensibus Anglorum in Einsiedeln, Cod. 178 (p.44)

With kind permission of the Abbey Library Einsiedeln .114

Image 5.3: De mensibus Anglorum in Schaffhausen, Cod. Min. 61 (f.43v).

With kind permission of the Ministerialbibliothek Schaffhausen 115

Image 6.1: The continental strand of the Epistola Cuthberti .. .. .. ..

Image 6.2: The oldest versionof Bede’sDeath Song (Cod. Sang. 254, p. 253).

.139

CC BY-NC 4.0, with kind permission of the Abbey Library St. Gallen .144

Image7.1: On the payment of tithes /Guild rules (Bern, Burgerbibliothek, Codex 671, f. 75v.

PD (https://katalog.burgerbib.ch/detail.aspx?ID=129694). 162

Image 7.2: Guild rules (Bern, Burgerbibliothek, Codex 671, f. 76r).

PD (https://katalog.burgerbib.ch/detail.aspx?ID=129694). ..

Image 7.3: Manumissions (Bern, Burgerbibliothek, Codex 671, f. 76v).

PD (https://katalog.burgerbib.ch/detail.aspx?ID=129694). ..

Image 9.1: The OHGgloss storg,scratched into the parchment to the left of the Latin heading De cocinia (= De ciconia,‘On the stork’) (St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 1394, p.127b, l. 19)

163

164

Image 10.1: The Basel recipes (Basel,Universitätsbibliothek, MS FIII 15a, f. 17r).

PD 201

Handlistofmanuscripts in Swiss libraries containing Old English

The handlist identifiesall currentlyknown Old Englishtexts held in Swiss libraries. It is sorted according to the locations in which the manuscriptsare held today.Each entry includes the following information: –place, libraryand shelf-mark,1 –date2 and, if known, the origin (i.e.the place where themanuscript was written) and provenance (later ownership)ofthe manuscript, –a brief description of the contents of the manuscript, –details on the Old English text included in themanuscript (pages, number of Old English texts/glosses/words;information about the date if the Old English text is alater addition), –references to the cataloguesbyKer (1957, 1976), Gneussand Lapidge (2014), McGowan (2012), Bergmann and Stricker (2014–, = BStK), Bruckner (1935–1979), as well as thecatalogues of individual libraries (for further references see the relevant chapters), – link to digital facsimile in e-codices (ifavailable).

The handlist includes items that wereidentified as Old Englishinthe past, but whose attribution has recently been challenged or refuted, for instance,

1 In manuscript designations,names of places and libraries are presented in their original form, i.e. Stiftsbibliothek rather than Abbey Library, Genève rather than Geneva.

2 Manuscript dates are given in the following conventional format:the abbreviation s (for Latin saeculum)isfollowed by the century in question in Roman numerals, e.g. s.viii for the eighth century. ‘Early’, ‘middle’ and ‘late’ are indicated by superscript Latin abbreviations in., med. and ex.,respectively, whilesuperscript Arabic numerals point to the half or quarterofa century, e.g. 2refers to the second half, 3/4 to the third quarter, etc.

aset of scratched glosses in the St. Gallen/Zofingen fragment (Ker 1976: App. no. 44;see Chapter 9).Wehave retained thesefalsepositives in the list since they are cited as such in some of the secondary literature, but we have flagged the issue. On the other hand,Old Englishtexts that were copied in Switzerland but are today in other places, such as the Leiden Glossary (Leiden, Universiteitsbibliotheek, VLQ 69), arenot included.

1. Basel, Universitätsbibliothek, FIII 15a

–Date, origin, provenance: s. viii/ix, Fulda,acquired c. 1630 by Remigius Faesch (1595–1667)

–Contents:Isidore of Seville’s De natura rerum,computistic texts, medical recipes, booklist of the library of Fulda, Isidore’s Differentiae,Jerome’sLetter to Heliodorus (no.60)

–Old English:medical recipe uuidhar cancur with mixed OE/OHG features (f.17r)

– Catalogue entries:Ker 1957:App. no. 3, McGowan 2012:no. 9; BStK no. 29 –

Facsimile:https://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/list/one/ubb/F-III-0015a

2. Bern, Burgerbibliothek,Cod. 207

–Date, origin, provenance: s. viiiex. –ixin.,Fleury (?)

– Contents:Romanand earlymedievalgrammatical works

– OldEnglish: Anglo-Saxon rune row in alphabetical order and OE rune names (f.1av)

– Catalogue entries:Homburger 1962:32–39

–

Facsimile: https://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/searchresult/list/one/bbb/0207

3. Bern, Burgerbibliothek,Cod. 258

–Date, origin, provenance: s. ix2,France

– Contents: Biblical and alphabeticalglossaries

– Old English:some OE and OHG glosses in as set of Old Testament glosses (f.1r‒16v)

– Catalogue entries:Ker 1957:App. no. 5, McGowan 2012:no. 11, BStK no. 64

–

Facsimile:https://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/list/one/bbb/0258

4. Bern, Burgerbibliothek,Cod. 671

–Date, origin, provenance: “s. ix1,SWEngland, Cornwall, or Wales;later prov. Great Bedwyn, Wiltshire, s. x1,prov. France by s. xi/xii” (Gneuss and Lapidge 2014: no. 794); came to Bern 1631 as part of the collection of Jacques Bongars

–Contents:Gospels(s. ixin.), two acrosticpoems (s.ixex./xin.)

– Old English:four short OElegal documents (f.75v–76v;s.x)

–

Catalogue entries:Ker 1957:no. 6, Gneuss and Lapidge 2014:no. 794, McGowan 2012:no. 12

– Facsimile:not in e-codices (see Images 7.1–3)

5. Cologny-Genève,

Fondation Martin Bodmer, MS Bodmer 2

– Date, origin,provenance: s. xi2,origin unknown, provenance: Formerly used as wrapper of Mancinus, De quattuor virtutibus (London, R. Dexter, 1601), sold at Sotheby’s in 1934, later part of the collection of Mr. Wilfred Merton, Slindon, Sussex; sold to FondationMartin Bodmer by 1962.

–Contents/Old English:Fragment of an OEhomilyfor Septuagesima Sunday by Ælfric ofEynsham

–Catalogue entries:Ker 1957:no. 285;cf. Ker 1976:no. 258;Gneuss and Lapidge 2014: no. 828;McGowan 2012:no. 112

– Facsimile:https://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/list/one/fmb/cb-0002

6. Einsiedeln, Stiftsbibliothek,Codex 32(1060)

–Date, origin, provenance:Part I: s. xmed. /PartII–III:s.xii, Germany or Switzerland

– Contents:Collection of glossaries (Part I)

– Old English:some OE(and many OHG) glosses on Aldhelm, Carmen de virginitate, and works by Jerome

– Catalogue entries:Ker 1957:App. no. 9; McGowan 2012:no. 126; BStK no. 112; Bruckner V: 47, 88;Meier 1899:no. 32 (pp. 23–25),Lang 2009:867

– Facsimile:https://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/list/one/sbe/0032

7. Einsiedeln, Stiftsbibliothek,Codex 178(456)

–Date, origin, provenance: s. x, Einsiedeln

– Contents:Beda, De temporum ratione

– OldEnglish:OEnames of the months included in the chapter De mensibus Anglorum of Bede’s De temporum ratione (p.44–45)

– Catalogue entries:Meier 1899:no. 178 (pp. 141–142), Bruckner V: 38–41, 88, 179; Lang2009:889

–

Facsimile:not in e-codices (p.44see Image 5.2)

8. Genève,BibliothèquedeGenève, Ms. Lat. 50

–Date, origin, provenance: c. 825, AbbeyofMassay, brought to Geneva by Germain Colladon(1508–1594)in1550, sold to the BibliothèquedeGenèvein1615/16 by Marie Chauve; wife of Esaïe Colladon.

– Contents:Works by Bede relating to the calculation of time; Annales Petaviani,annals of the Abbey of Massay, fragments on the computus, letters

– Old English:OEnames of the months included in the chapter De mensibus Anglorum ofBede’s De temporum ratione (f.60v–61r).

– Catalogue entries:Jeger 2016:240–251

–

Facsimile:https://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/list/one/bge/lat0050

9. Schaffhausen, Stadtbibliothek,Ministerialbibliothek, Cod. Min. 61

–

Date, origin, provenance:s.x,origin unknown, provenance:Benedictineabbey of Allerheiligen in Schaffhausen. Min. 61 cannot be identified with any of the volumes in the earliest book list of Allerheiligen dated to c. 1100 (ed. Gamper 1994:17–20)but it must havebeen at the monastery by the 14th century as it was used by Frater Jacobus Winkelshan in 1356. Min. 61 is bound in the characteristic book covers of Allerheiligen of the 15th century.The manuscript is also listed in the Elenchus librorum,the first library catalogue of the ministerial library compiled by JohannJakob Rüeger in 1589 (Gamper1994:38, 52;Gamper, Knoch-Mund and Stähli 1994:158).

– Contents:Works by Bede (De natura rerum, De temporibus, De temporum ratione 27r–104r), etc.

– Old English:OEnames of the months included in the chapter De mensibus Anglorum ofBede’s De temporum ratione (ff. 43v–44r)

– Catalogue entries: BStK no. 848, Gamper, Knoch-Mund and Stähli 1994:158–160, Bruckner VI:109 (onflyleaf); see further Cordoliani 1958

– Facsimile:not in e-codices (f.43v see Image 5.3)

10. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek,Cod. Sang. 9

–Date, origin, provenance: s. ix2,St. Gallen(?)

– Contents:Latin-OHGbiblical glossary

– OldEnglish:someOEbiblical glosses (pp. 275–278 on Leviticus 11)

– Catalogue entries:Ker 1957:App. no. 24, McGowan 2012:no. 446, BStK no. 173, Bruckner III:56

– Facsimile:https://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/list/one/csg/0009

11. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek,Cod. Sang. 248

–Date, origin, provenance: s. ix or xi,Laon

–

Contents:works pertaining to natural history by Bede (orassigned to Bede in the Middle Ages)

–

Old English:OEnames of the months included in the chapter De mensibus Anglorum of Bede’s De temporum ratione (p.124–125)

–

Catalogue entries: BStK [msexcluded from the corpus of OHG glosses], Bruckner II:74

Facsimile:https://www.e-codices.ch/en/list/one/csg/0248

12. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek,Cod. Sang. 250

–Date, origin, provenance: s. ix4/4,St. Gallen –

Contents:astronomical and computistic works

Old English:OEnames of the months included in the chapter De mensibus Anglorum of Bede’s De temporum ratione (p.216–218)

–

Catalogue entries: BStK [msexcluded fromthe corpus of OHG glosses], Bruckner III: 86

–

Facsimile:https://www.e-codices.ch/en/list/one/csg/0250

13. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek,Cod. Sang. 251

–Date, origin, provenance: s. ix1,St. Gallen

– Contents:partsfromdifferent works by Bede: De natura rerum, De temporum ratione, De temporibus

–

OldEnglish:OEnames of the months included in thechapter De mensibus Anglorum ofBede’s De temporum ratione (p.69–70)

–

Catalogue entries: BStK no. 210, Bruckner II:75

– Facsimile:https://www.e-codices.ch/en/list/one/csg/0251

14. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek,Cod. Sang. 254

–Date, origin, provenance: s. ix3/4 /s.x1/2,St. Gallen

– Contents:Collectionofexcerpts from Jerome’scommentary on Isaiah, madebyJosephus Scottusbut mistakenly assigned to Bede; Cuthbert’sletteronBede’sdeath (added s. x1/2)

–Old English: Bede’sDeath Song (p.253)

– Catalogue entries:Ker 1957: App.no. 25, Bruckner III:87

– Facsimile:https://www.e-codices.ch/en/list/one/csg/0254

15. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek,Cod. Sang. 270

–Date, origin, provenance: s. ix2,St. Gallen

–

Contents:works by Alcuin, Cassiodorus and Augustine; Isruna tractate (p.52);explanations of Greek rhetoricaland grammatical terminology, names from the Bible; glossaries

– Old English:Anglo-Saxon fuþorc with mixed OEand OHG rune names, as well as runes recast in alphabetical order (p.52)

– Catalogue entries: BStK no. 214, Bruckner III:90

– Facsimile:https://www.e-codices.ch/en/list/one/csg/0270

16. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek,Cod. Sang. 283

–Date, origin, provenance: s. ix2,St. Gallen

– Contents:Walahfrid Strabo’scommentary on the Pentateuch

– Old English:OEand OHG glosses (mainly pp. 482–485)

– Catalogue entries:Ker 1957:App. no. 26, McGowan 2012:no. 448, BStK no. 219, Bruckner III:92 –

Facsimile:https://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/de/list/one/csg/0283

17. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek,Cod. Sang. 295

–Date, origin, provenance: s. ix/x,St. Gallen

– Contents:Biblical glossaries

– Old English:some OEand many OHG glosses (p.125–131:57glosses on Leviticus)

– Catalogue entries:Ker 1957:App. no. 27, McGowan 2012:no. 449, BStK no. 223, Bruckner III:93–94

–

Facsimile: https://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/de/list/one/csg/0295

18. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek,Cod. Sang. 299

–Date, origin, provenance: s. ix2,St. Gallen

– Contents:Biblicalglossaries

– OldEnglish:occasional OEand many OHGglosses

– Catalogueentries:Ker 1957: App. no. 28, McGowan 2012:no. 450, BStK no. 225, Bruckner III:94

– Facsimile:https://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/de/list/one/csg/0299

19. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek,Cod. Sang. 459

–Date, origin, provenance: s. ixex. /s. xin.,St. Gallen

– Contents:Computational/ scientific compilation, Beda, De temporum ratione, Annales Sangallensesbrevissimi

OldEnglish:OEnames of the months included in the chapter De mensibus Anglorum of Bede’s De temporum ratione (p.206–208)

– Catalogue entries:Bruckner III:107

–

Facsimile:https://www.e-codices.ch/en/list/one/csg/0459

20. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek,Cod. Sang. 878

–Date, origin, provenance: s. ix, Reichenau

Contents:Walahfrid Strabo’s Vademecum

Old English:Anglo-Saxon rune row (fuþorc)and OErune names (p.321)

– Catalogue entries: BStK no. 249, Bruckner I: 93–94.

– Facsimile: https://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/de/list/one/csg/0878

21. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek,Cod. Sang. 913

–Date, origin, provenance: s. viii2,? (Continent)

–Contents:miscellany, including the Lat-OHG glossary Vocabularius Sancti Galli – Old English:3glosses perhaps in OE(p. 105);glossary on Leviticus with 22 OE glosses (pp. 139–145)

– Catalogue entries:Ker 1957: App.no. 29, McGowan 2012:no. 451, BStK no. 254

– Facsimile:https://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/de/list/one/csg/0913

22. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek,Cod. Sang. 1394, pp. 121‒122, 125‒128 and Zofingen, Stadtbibliothek Pa.32, f. I

–Date, origin, provenance: s. viiiex.,?

–Contents:fragments of Aldhelm, De metris et enigmatibus ac pedum regulis

– Old English:two glosses identified as OEbyMeritt (1961:441); however, they have turned out to be OHG (Nievergelt 2019 and this volume)

–

Catalogue entries:Ker 1976:App. no. 44, McGowan nos. 452 (Sg),496 (Zo), BStK no. 255 (IV),Bruckner III:123 (Zo)

– Facsimile:https://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/de/list/one/csg/1394,https://e-codices.unifr. ch/de/list/one/zos/pa0032 (see further Image 9.1) Handlist of

References

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BStK =Bergmann, Rolf and Stefanie Stricker. 2014‒. BStK Online:Datenbank der althochdeutschen und altsächsischenGlossenhandschriften. Online database based on the Katalog der althochdeutschenund altsächsischen Glossenhandschriften (Berlin: DeGruyter,2005). https://glossen.germ-ling.uni-bamberg.de (last accessed 5/07/ 2024).

Cordoliani, A. 1958. “Un manuscript de computintéressant:Schaffhouse, Ministerialbibliothek, 61”. Scriptorium 12(2):247–253. e-codices:Virtual ManuscriptLibrary of Switzerland. https://www.e-codices.ch/en(last accessed03/02/2025)

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Nievergelt, Andreas. 2019. “The Old English Dry-Point Glosses”. In Ursula Lenker,Lucia Kornexl, eds. Anglo-SaxonMicrotexts. Berlin: De Gruyter,161–173.

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