PSHE/RSE Substantive Knowledge Progression

Scholes Junior and Infant School

PSHE / RSE Substantive Knowledge Progression

Theme: Personal and social

 Know they have a right to learn and play, safely and happily

 Know that some people are different from themselves

 Know that hands can be used kindly and unkindly

 Know what being unique means

 Know why having friends is important

Reception

Year 1

 Know some qualities of a positive friendship

 Know that they don’t have to be ‘the same as’ to be a friend

 Know what a challenge is

 Know that it is important to keep trying

 Know what a goal is

 Understand their own rights and responsibilities with their classroom

 Understand that their choices have consequences

 Understand that their views are important

 Know what bullying means

 Know who to tell if they or someone else is being bullied or is feeling unhappy

 Know that people are unique and that it is OK to be different

 Know how to set simple goals

 Know how to achieve a goal

 Know how to identify obstacles which make achieving their goals difficult and work out how to overcome them

 Know when a goal has been achieved

Year 2

 Understand the rights and responsibilities of class members

 Know about rewards and consequences and that these stem from choices

 Know that it is important to listen to other people

 Understand that their own views are valuable

 Know the difference between a one-off incident and bullying

Year 3

 Know that sometimes people get bullied because of difference

 Know that friends can be different and still be friends

 Know how to choose a realistic goal and think about how to achieve it

 Know that it is important to persevere

 Know how to recognise what working together well looks like

 Know that the school has a shared set of values

 Know why rules are needed and how these relate to choices and consequences

 Know that actions can affect others’ feelings

 Know that others may hold different views

 Know what it means to be a witness to bullying and that a witness can make the situation worse or better by what they do

 Know that conflict is a normal part of relationships

 Know that some words are used in hurtful ways and that this can have consequences

 Know that they are responsible for their own learning

 Know what an obstacle is and how they can hinder achievement

 Know how to take steps to overcome obstacles

 Know what dreams and ambitions are important to them

 Know their place in the school community

 Know what democracy is (applied to pupil voice in school)

 Know how groups work together to reach a consensus

 Know that having a voice and democracy benefits the school community

 Know that some forms of bullying are harder to identify e.g. tactical ignoring, cyber-bullying

Year 4

 Know the reasons why witnesses sometimes join in with bullying and don’t tell anyone

 Know that sometimes people make assumptions about a person because of the way they look or act

 Know how to make a new plan and set new goals even if they have been disappointed

 Know how to work as part of a successful group

 Know how to share in the success of a group

 Know that hopes and dreams don’t always come true

Year 5

 Understand how democracy and having a voice benefits the school community

 Understand how to contribute towards the democratic process

 Understand the rights and responsibilities associated with being a citizen in the wider community and their country

 Know external forms of support in regard to bullying e.g. Childline

Year 6

 Know that bullying can be direct and indirect

 Know what racism is and why it is unacceptable

 Know what culture means

 Know about a range of jobs that are carried out by people I know

 Know the types of job they might like to do when they are older

 Know that young people from different cultures may have different dreams and goals

 Know about children’s universal rights (United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child)

 Know about the lives of children in other parts of the world

 Know that personal choices can affect others locally and globally

 Know that people can hold power over others individually or in a group

 Know that power can play a part in a bullying or conflict situation

 Know that there are different perceptions of ‘being normal’ and where these might come from

 Know that difference can be a source of celebration as well as conflict

 Know their own learning strengths

 Know what their classmates like and admire about them

 Know a variety of problems that the world is facing

 Know some ways in which they could work with others to make the world a better place

Theme: Physical Health and Well-being

 Know what the word ‘healthy’ means

 Know some things that they need to do to keep healthy

 Know the names for some parts of their body

Reception

Year 1

 Know when and how to wash their hands properly

 Know how to say no to strangers

 Know the names of some emotions such as happy, sad, frightened, angry

 Know the difference between being healthy and unhealthy

 Know how to make healthy lifestyle choices

 Know that all household products, including medicines, can be harmful if not used properly

 Know how to keep safe when crossing the road

 Know what their body needs to stay healthy

 Know what relaxed means

Year 2

 Know why healthy snacks are good for their bodies

 Know which foods given their bodies energy

Year 3

Year 4

 Know how exercise affects their bodies

 Know that there are different types of drugs

 Know that there are things, places and people that can be dangerous

 Know when something feels safe or unsafe

 Know that there are leaders and followers in groups

 Know the facts about smoking and its effects on health

 Know the facts about alcohol and its effects on health, particularly the liver

 Know ways to resist when people are putting pressure on them

 Know what they think is right and wrong

 Know basic emergency procedures, including the recovery position

 Know how to get help in emergency situations

Year 5

Year 6

 Know that the media, social media and celebrity culture promotes certain body type

 Know the different roles food can play in people’s lives and know that people can develop eating problems/disorders related to body image pressure

 Know how to take responsibility for their own health

 Know what it means to be emotionally well

 Know how to make choices that benefit their own health and well-being

 Know that some people can be exploited and made to do things that are against the law

 Know why some people join gangs and the risk that this can involve

Theme: Relationships Education

 Know what a family is

 Know some of the characteristics of healthy and safe friendships

Reception

 Know that friends sometimes fall out

 Know some ways to mend a friendship

 Know that unkind words can never be taken back and they can hurt

 Know that everyone’s family is different

 Know that families are founded on belonging, love and care

Year 1

 Know that physical contact can be used as a greeting

 Know how to make a friend

 Know who to ask for help in the school community

 Know that there are lots of forms of physical contact within a family

 Know how to stay stop if someone is hurting them

Year 2

 Know there are good secrets and worry secrets and why it is important to share worry secrets

 Know what trust is

Year 3

Year 4

 Know that different family members carry out different roles or have different responsibilities within the family

 Know some of the skills of friendship, e.g. taking turns, being a good listener

 Know some strategies for keeping themselves safe online

 Know that they and all children have rights (UNCRC)

 Know some reasons why people feel jealousy

 Know that loss is a normal part of relationships

 Know that negative feelings are a normal part of loss

 Know that sometimes it is better for a friendship/relationship to end if it is causing negative feelings or is unsafe

 Know that there are rights and responsibilities in an online community or social network

 Know that there are rights and responsibilities when playing a game online

Year 5

Year 6

 Know that too much screen time isn’t healthy

 Know how to stay safe when using technology to communicate with friends

 Know that it is important to take care of their own mental health

 Know ways that they can take care of their own mental health

 Know the stages of grief and that there are different types of loss that cause people to grieve

Theme: Growing and changing

 Know the names and functions of some parts of the body (see vocabulary list)

Reception

 Know that we grow from baby to adult

 Know who to talk to if they are feeling worried

 Know the names of male and female private body parts

 Know that there are correct names for private body parts and nicknames, and when to use them

Year 1

Year 2

 Know which parts of the body are private and that they belong to that person and that nobody has the right to hurt these

 Know who to ask for help if they are worried or frightened

 Know the physical differences between male and female bodies

 Know that private body parts are special and that no one has the right to hurt these

 Know there are different types of touch and that some are acceptable and some are unacceptable

 Know that the male and female body needs to change at puberty so their bodies can make babies when they are adults

Year 3

Year 4

 Know some of the outside body changes that happen during puberty

 Know some of the changes on the inside that happen during puberty

 Know that personal characteristics are inherited from birth parents and this is brought about by an

Year 5

Year 6

ovum joining with a sperm

 Know that babies are made by a sperm joining with an ovum

 Know the names of the different internal and external body parts that are needed to make a baby

 Know how the female and male body change at puberty

 Know that change can bring about a range of different emotions

 Know how girls’ and boys’ bodies change during puberty and understand the importance of looking after themselves physically and emotionally

 Know that sexual intercourse can lead to conception

 Know that some people need help to conceive and might use IVF

 Know that becoming a teenager involves various changes and also brings growing responsibility

 Know how a baby develops from conception through the nine months of pregnancy and how it is born

 Know how being physically attracted to someone changes the nature of the relationship

 Know the importance of self-esteem and what they can do to develop it