International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 12 | May 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Experimental investigation on involvement of Bio-Enzyme in concrete with replacement of cement with GGBS
Avkash Padhra1 , Aakash Suthar2 , Kishan Pala3
1ME. Student,
LJ. University.
2 Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, LJ. University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat ***
Abstract - The technology for mixed concrete is currently advancing quickly, and numerous additional materials are being applied to create concrete with the required properties. Adding a chemical, like an entraining additive, or reducing water in the form of synthetic or organic materials is one method to enhance the quality of the concrete mix. In order to determine the ideal amount of bio-enzyme in concrete to boost its strength, bio-enzyme is added to five concrete mixtures that will be compared to regular concrete. Concrete mixes M30, M35, and M40 will be made with bioenzyme 500 ml/�3, 600 ml/�3, 650 ml/�3 & GGBS of 5% to 15% as part of the current investigation. Compression, split tensile, and workability tests will be conducted.
Every potential way to reduce CO2 emissions is being explored in this period of massive global warming, and one of the main emissions occurs during the cement-making process. Many materials, including fly ash, GGBS, silica fume, wollastonite, and waste glass powder, are utilized in place of some cement in order to address this issue. Environmental pollution can be decreased by partially substituting ground granulated blast furnace slag for cement.
Key Words: FreshConcreteTest,HardenedConcreteTest, Workability,SplitTensileStrength,DurabilityTest(HCL).
1. INTRODUCTION
Portland cement is commonly regarded as the main component of concrete, which is among the most frequentlyutilizedconstructionmaterials.Thewidespread use of concrete as a building material is driven by the infrastructure advancements resulting from rampant urbanization and industrial development. Cement production is expected to grow from around 1.5 billion tonsin1995to2.5billiontonsby2015.Globally,concrete is utilized in the construction of highways, bridges, buildings, runways, sidewalks, and dams. Given the necessity of cement in construction, it has a strong connection to the economy. Projections indicate that cementproductionwillrisefrom2.55billiontonsin2006 to between 3.7 and 4.4 billion tons by 2050, reflecting an annualgrowthrateof2.5percent.
1.1 Bio-Enzyme
A natural, non-toxic, non-flammable, and noncorrosive liquid enzyme formulation derived from
vegetable extracts, enzymes improve the engineering propertiesofthesoil .
Bio Enzyme, often referred to as Garbage Enzyme or Fruit Enzyme, is a versatile natural cleaner created from waste or the peels of fruits and vegetables, mainlycitrus.Terrazymeisanalternativedesignation forit.
Fromachemicalperspective,thebio-enzymesconsist ofacombinationofcomplexorganiccompounds,such as proteins, salts, and other naturally occurring substances produced by the bacteria or yeast that we willutilizetoproducethem.
Bio-enzymesareorganic,biodegradablematerialsthat are applied as additives to enhance soil. A liquid extract obtained from fruits and vegetables, bioenzyme is organic in composition. It enhances the strength and durability of concrete. Dr. Rosukun Poompanvong is involved inbio-enzyme researchand developmentinThailand.
1.2 GGBS
GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag) is recognized as one of the environmentally friendly construction materials. Its raw material is a very particularslagthatisa byproduct fromtheprocess of manufacturingironinblastfurnaces.
The production of GGBS makes use of all the slag and generates no significant waste stream. Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag is a cement-like substance primarily utilized in concrete and is a byproduct from the operation of blast furnaces that produceiron.
The rapid cooling enhances the cementitious characteristics and results in granules resembling coarse sand. This granulated slag is then dried and milledintoafinepowder
1.3 HCL
Using hydrochloric acid (HCL) in concrete durability testing is part of acid resistance testing, which evaluates how concrete withstands aggressive chemical environments-especially relevant for industrialfloors,sewagesystems,orchemicalplants.
Concreteisalkalineinnatureduetocalciumhydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) and other hydration products. Acids like
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 12 | May 2025 www.irjet.net
HCLreactwiththesealkalinecomponentsanddegrade
2. Material And Methodology
2.1 Fine Aggregate (IS 2386 Part-1)
Table.1 PropertiesofFineAggregate
2.2 Coarse Aggregate (IS 383-1987)
Table.2 PropertiesofFineAggregate
2.4 Mix Design (IS 10262-2019)
ForM30GradeofConcreteMix
Table.4 MixProportion(percubicmeter)
ForM35GradeofConcreteMix
Table.5 MixProportion(percubicmeter)
ForM40GradeofConcreteMix
Table.6 MixProportion(percubicmeter)
3. RESULTS
3.1 Workability
The concrete slump test measures the Workability of freshconcretebeforeitsets.
It is performed to check the workability of freshly made concrete, and therefore the ease with which concreteflows.
2.3 Bio-Enzyme
Table.3 PropertiesofBio-Enzyme
The slump test is used for the measurement of a propertyoffreshconcreteasperIS:1199-1959.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 12 | May 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
& GGBS
Chart -1:SlumpValueComparison
3.2 Compressive Test Results
Determination of compressive strength using by cube wheresizeofcubespecimenis150×150×150mmand this test was performed on a 2000 KN capacity compressiontestingmachine.
Bureau of Indian Standards suggests that the compressivestrengthofconcretebeconsideredasthe basis for determining all properties and studying response of concrete. As such more emphasis was given on this test. The compressive strength of concrete was evaluated at the age of 7 days, 14 days and28days.
The compressive strength of cube specimen is calculatedusingthefollowingformula:
σ=Ρ/Α
Where,P=failureload
Chart -2:CompressiveTestResultfor7-days
Chart -3:CompressiveTestResultfor14-days
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
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Chart -4:CompressiveTestResultfor28-days
3.3 Split Tensile Test Results
To determine the split tensile strength of concrete, cylindrical specimens measuring 150 mm in diameter and300mminheightwerecastandtestedat28days ofage.
The split tensile strength of concrete at 28 days was evaluated.
The results obtained were compared with the concrete's compressive strength at the same age. During the testing procedure, the compression load willbeappliedalongthetwooppositeaxiallines.
Tsp=2P/3.14DL
Where, P = Applied Load
D=DiameteroftheSpecimen
L=LengthoftheSpecimen
Chart -5:SplitTensileTestResultfor28-days
3.4 Durability Test Results
Toperformthistest,3%byvolumeofhydrochloricacid wascombinedwithregulardrinkingwater
The concrete cubes measuring 150mm were poured andallowedtocureforadurationof28days.
Upon completion of the 28 days of curing for the specimens,thesurfacesofthecubeswerecleanedand weighed. The specimens were then submerged in an HCLacidsolution.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 12 | May 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
BIO-ENZYME & GGBS DURABILITY M35
Chart -6:DurabilityTestResultfor28-days(M30)
BIO-ENZYME & GGBS DURABILITY M40
Chart -7:DurabilityTestResultfor28-days(M35)
IN WATER 28 DAYS IN HCL 3% 28 DAYS
Chart -8:DurabilityTestResultfor28-days(M40)
4. CONCLUSIONS
It is observed that there is increase in workability (Slump test) for the M30, M35 and M40 grade of Concretetreatedwith600ml/m3with15%dosageof Bio-Enzyme & GGBS respectively when compared to untreatedconcrete.
Itisobservedthatthereisincreaseinstrengthby7.39 %&7.56%&3.52%fortheM30&M35&M40grade of concrete treated with optimum dosage of BioEnzyme & GGBS with ageing when compared to untreatedconcrete.
The split tensile strength of concrete continues to rise, reaching increments of 2. 61%, 10. 14%,and 16. 28% for the M30, M35, and M40 concrete grades, respectively, with the substitution of cement with Bio EnzymeandGGBS.
It is observed that there is increase in strength rapidly atearlystagetreatedwithBio-Enzyme&GGBS.
In Durability test using HCL solution in concrete, ResultsshowsthatinnormalM30,M35andM40grade of concrete maximum loss in strength is by 12.87%, 8.83%,9.82%.
Optimum dosage of Bio-Enzyme is 600ml/m3 with 15 %GGBS.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
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IS Codes:
I. IS 383-1970 (Reaffirmed 1997), Indian Standard code of practice-specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete, Sieve Analysis, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi,India.
II. IS 456-2000, Indian Standard code of practice of PlainandReinforcedConcrete.
III. IS 2386:1963Part III for Specific Gravity, Water Absorption&BulkDensityofAggregate.
IV. IS 2386:1963 Part IV for Aggregate Impact Value &AggregateCrushingValue.
V. IS: 2386 Part I - 1963 (Reaffirmed 1997), Indian Standard code of practice- methods of test for aggregates for concrete, Flakiness Index & Elongation Index, Bureau of Indian Standards, NewDelhi,India.
VI. IS: 1489 (Part 1) - 1991, Specifications for Portland Pozzolana Cement, Bureau of Indian Standards,NewDelhi,India.
VII. IS: 516-1959, Indian Standard code of practicemethods of tests for strength of concrete, Bureau ofIndianStandards,NewDelhi,India.
VIII. IS: 5816-1999, Indian Standard code of practicesplitting tensile strength of concrete-method of test,BureauofIndianStandards,NewDelhi,India
IX. IS 10262: 2019 for Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Designs, Bureau of Indian Standards,NewDelhi,India.