International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 05 | May 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Enhancing IoUT Monitoring with Relay-Based Underwater Optical Wireless Communication Santhiya.S1, Kavitha M.R.2, Surya RajC.K3 1PG Scholar Communication and networking, Ponjesly college of engineering, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India. 2Professor ECE Department, Ponjesly college of engineering, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India. 3Assistant Professor ECE Department, Ponjesly college of engineering, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India. -----------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract — Issues like misalignment, limited range, and
depend on wireless communication to meet their shared needs for high bandwidth and data rates [1]. The use of visible light (VL) band (400 THz to 800 THz) for optical wireless communications has been proposed as the best alternative to current communication systems that operate in the radio frequency (RF) band (3 kHz to 300 GHz) in order to overcome the over-crowded, low-frequency bands and provide higher data rates. Free space optical (FSO) systems are optical wireless communications used for outdoor applications; underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) is the name used for underwater data transmission [2]. Data transmission between underwater devices or between an underwater device and the surface is known as underwater communication. Oceanographic research, underwater exploration, environmental monitoring, underwater surveillance, and underwater robotics are just a few of the many applications in which it is essential [3]. The limited range, low data transfer rates, and severe signal attenuation of underwater communication channels are some of the difficulties that underwater communication encounters. Since sound waves can travel great distances in water and pass through obstructions, they are frequently employed in underwater communication. However, data transmission rates are constrained by the limited bandwidth of sound waves. UOWC devices transfer data through water using lasers or light-emitting diodes [4]. UOWC can pass through water with less attenuation than higher-frequency light waves since they function in the visible or near-infrared (NIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Higher big transfer rates, longer communication ranges, lower latency, and more secure data transmission are just a few of the many benefits that UOWC systems have over traditional acoustic-based systems [5]. The number of undersea activities has likewise increased in tandem with societal growth. As a result, the need for long-distance, high-speed underwater communications is increasing. Due to its greater flexibility when compared to wired communication systems, wireless communication systems have found
water turbulence have a detrimental effect on underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) performance. The viability of widespread deployment may be impacted by these difficulties. When it comes to connecting different Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) devices, UWOC can be far more important than traditional acoustic and radio frequency (RF) communication. In this study, a relay-based UWOC system called "aqua-sense" is designed and evaluated with the goal of improving communication connection performance and increasing the optical receiver's reception area. The optical relay uses combining strategies including Equal Gain Combining (EGC), Majority Logic Combining (MLC), and Selection Combining (SC) to maximize diversity gain and improve performance. To further enhance communication connection performance, a channel-aware algorithm also powers the optical relay, also known as the "opto-relay." At a communication link distance of up to 7.5 meters, the aqua-sense system transmitted at a rate of 0.2 Mbps and achieved a packet success rate of 68% in moderately murky water circumstances with a turbidity level of 25 NTU. Additionally, in clear water with a turbidity of 0.01 NTU, the sensor node, "opto-sense," consistently achieved a transmission rate of 0.5 Mbps. Within a 2-meter communication link range, these results held steady even in the presence of moderate water waves with a displacement rate of 5 liters per minute and air bubbles with an airflow rate of 5 liters per minute. Key Words: Equal Gain Combining (EGC), Majority Logic Combining (MLC), and Selection Combining (SC), Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC).
1. INTRODUCTION Since their debut, wireless communication technologies have experienced several advancements and modifications. With the widespread availability of cuttingedge technology like smartphones, connected cars, and the Internet of Things (IoT), all of these new technologies
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