International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 05 | May 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Design & Development of Mobility Vehicle for Paralyzed Patients Pratham Raybole1, Harshit Singh1, Ketan Patil1, Ketan Sonawane1, Dr. S J Navale2 1 Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, AISSMS College of Engineering, Pune, India 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, AISSMS College of Engineering, Pune, India
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Abstract - This head motion-controlled wheelchair was
human-machine interface that senses head movements and converts them into direction commands—forward, backwards, left, and right—to drive a powered wheelchair. By bringing together sensors, microcontrollers, and signal processing elements, the system seeks to identify and respond to user intent with high accuracy and in real-time. While increasing mobility, this also allows the user to achieve autonomy, take part in social activity and contribute to well-being as a whole. Here we present the design and implementation of a head movementcontrolled wheelchair system, providing an affordable mobility option for quadriplegic users. The system is a step up from current wheelchairs and falls in line with the general mission of inclusive design and rehabilitation engineering.
designed to counter the challenges of people with quadriplegia or tetraplegia who are dependent on wheelchairs. One of the gravest challenges for quadriplegics is the immobility without help. As a consequence of impaired function of the arm, quadriplegics cannot use conventional wheelchairs or traditional powered wheelchairs. The main goal of this head motion-controlled wheelchair is to resolve and improve problems connected with the independent movement of individuals confined to wheelchairs. This ground vehicle on wheels is designed specifically for high torque and low-speed operation. This makes it easy for it to transit upward on ramps and inclines. This design uses an accelerometer-equipped helmet, which it operates from.
1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Key Words: Quadriplegia, paralysis, head motioncontrolled wheelchair, autonomous mobility, motor mechanism, high torque, accelerometer-equipped helmet
Individuals with very limited physical capacities, such as quadriplegia or paralysis, must utilize a wheelchair controlled by head movement. This new technology increases the mobility and independence of users by enabling them to use the wheelchair through simple head movement. Unlike usual joystick-powered wheelchairs, this approach allows users to maneuver more easily and precisely using a more natural yardstick of movement. Individuals with very limited limb function capabilities can more easily engage with the world around them through head motion control, which provides a sense of independence and dignity. As it turns out, this technology not only promotes inclusiveness but also makes people’s lives as a whole more civilized for those who suffer from a severe mobility problem.
1. INTRODUCTION Mobility is a key ingredient of autonomous human existence and has a significant impact on the general quality of life. Mobility loss in individuals with severe physical impairment, especially those with quadriplegia, not only results in physical impairment but also psychological disability in terms of decreased self-esteem and reliance on others for everyday toileting Quadriplegia or paralysis of four limbs is often caused due to spinal cord injury but may result from disease as well, i.e., due to stroke, arthritis, or degenerative illnesses. According to worldwide data, about 43 million people have a disability, and more than 3.3 million are solely dependent on wheelchairs for their mobility needs. Nonetheless, standard electric wheelchairs are generally meant for patients who have upper body control, making them useless for quadriplegic patients. This study responds to the serious need for a substitute wheelchair control interface that allows independent mobility for users who cannot operate traditional joystick-controlled systems. Head motion presents a viable alternative, since the majority of quadriplegic patients have the residual motor function to move their heads. Utilizing this ability, a head orientation-controlled system can deliver a functional and user-friendly means of navigation. The system proposed combines aspects of rehabilitation engineering to create a
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1.2 METHODOLOGY This study tackles a fully paralyzed wheelchair by designing a vehicle head-control system for people with paralysis. This process is divided into five stages: integrating the sensors, processing the signals, categorizing with machine learning, implementing safety systems and evaluating users. 1. Integration of peripherals: The head position is captured using an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)(MPU6050), which has a 3-axis accelerometer and a gyroscope. The data is collected through an Arduino Uno microcontroller, which can sample at a frequency of 50Hz.
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