International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 05 | May 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
SOLAR
ENERGY BASED MULTIPURPOSE
AGRICULTURAL VEHICLE
Harishchandra Kumar Ram1 , Manu Kumar Yadav1 , Deepak Kumar 1 , Shubham Yadav1 , Mr. Ashish Kumar Srivastava2
1 B. Tech Mechanical Engineering final year, Goel Institute of Technology &Management, Lucknow 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Goel Institute of Technology &Management, Lucknow ***
Abstract -:Agricultureisone ofthe major occupations in IndiaandplaysavitalroleintheIndianeconomy.Overthe past few decades, Indian agriculture has witnessed impressivegrowth.However,despitenumerousinnovations in this field, many of these ideas are not being effectively implemented on the ground. This is often due to the high costsinvolvedandthecomplexityofthesesolutionsforrural farmers.Toaddressthesechallenges,weproposereplacing human and animal efforts with advanced mechanical solutionsthatareeconomicallyviableandeasytooperatefor small-scale farmers. In response to this need, we are developing a solar-powered multipurpose agricultural machinedesignedtoperformkeyfunctionssuchasweeding, seedsowing,andpesticidespraying.Thisinnovationaimsto reducelabordependencyandincreaseefficiencyinfarming practices.
Key Words :-Agricultural,solar,growth,farming,Arduino:
1.INTRODUCTION
AgricultureisthebackboneofIndia.Thehistoryoffarmingin our country goes back to the time of the Indus Valley CivilizationandevenearlierinpartsofSouthIndia.Today, India is the second-largest producer of farm goods in the world.Specialvehiclesareusedinmanyfieldslikeindustry, medicine, and the military. Now, these special vehicles are also being used more in the field of agriculture. In India, farmersfacemanyproblemslikeincreasinginputcosts,lack of skilled labour, shortage of water, and difficulty in monitoring crops. To solve these problems, automation technology isbeingintroducedinfarming.Automationcan help farmers by reducing the effort needed to do farming activities.Machinesandvehiclesarebeingdevelopedtodo jobslike weeding, seed sowing, land levelling, and water spraying.Butsofar,thereisnosinglevehiclethatcandoall of these jobs together. That’s why we are working on developing a robotic vehicle that can do all these farming tasks automatically and efficiently. This will make farming easierandreducetheneedformanualwork
1.1 KEY FEATURES
Agriculturalvehiclehavemanyusefulfeatures. Theycando farmingworkfasterandmoreaccuratelythanpeople.They
canalsoworkintoughweatherordangerousplaceswhere it’s hard for humans to go. These robots help save money, increasecropproduction,andreducewastageofseeds,water, andotherresources.
1.2 Objective
Toreducethehardworkoffarmersbyusingasmall machineinfarming.
To do four farming tasks at the same time, which helpssavetimeandincreasecropproduction.
Tofinishmoreworkinlesstime,makingthefarming processfasterandeasier.
Tousesolarenergyforchargingthebattery,as the machineworksinthesunlightwhilemovingthrough thefield.
1.3
Solar power
Everyday,thesungivesus ahugeamountofenergycalled solarenergy.Infact,thesungivesoffmoreenergyinoneday thanthewholeworldusesinayear.Thisenergycomesfrom deepinsidethesunthroughaprocesscallednuclearfusion, where hydrogen turns into helium and produces heat and light.Ittakesjustovereightminutesforsunlighttotravelthe 93millionmilesfromthesuntoEarth.Solarenergytravels veryfast atthespeedoflight(about3lakhkilometresper second). Eventhoughonlya small partofthe sun’s energy reaches Earth, it is still more than enough to meet all our energyneeds.Becausesunlightcomeseverydayanddoesn’t run out, solar energy is called a renewable energy source. Today,peopleuseittoheatwater,warmhomes,andmake electricity. However, even though solar energy has many benefits,itcurrentlymakesuplessthanonepercentofthe totalenergyusedinsomecountriesliketheU.S.Mostsolar energyisusedinhomesandtogeneratepowerforelectricity.
2. APPLICATION AREA
I. Suitable for small and medium-sized farms, making itaffordableandeasytouse.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 05 | May 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
II. Canbeusedfordifferenttypesofcrops, so farmers don’t needdifferentmachinesforeachcrop. Fig -1: Farming
3. PREVIOUS WORK
ResearchonMultipurposeSolarAgricultureVehicles(MSAV) isstillanewarea,butinrecentyears,someresearchershave madeprogressbycreatingdifferentmodelsandtestingideas. Thisresearchisgrowingbecausethereisabigneedforecofriendlyand renewable energysolutionsinfarming.Below aresomeimportantworksandcontributionsmadebyexperts inthisfield.
1) Gaurav Kumar et al. (2020)
Title: DesignandDevelopmentofSolarPoweredMultipurpose Agricultural Vehicle
Summary: Thisstudytalksaboutasolar-poweredfarming vehiclethatcandodifferentjobslikeploughing,seedsowing, and spraying. It uses solar panels and batteries to keep working without needing fuel, offering a clean and green alternative to diesel tractors.
Published in: InternationalJournalofScientificResearchand Engineering Development (IJSRED)
2) Deepak Khapre et al. (2020)
Title: Design of Multipurpose Solar Operated Agricultural Vehicle
Summary:Thisresearchshowsasolar-basedmachinemade for small-scale farming tasks such as tilling, sowing, and carryingloads.Themaingoalistohelpfarmerssavefueland lowerworkingcosts
Published in: InternationalResearchJournalofEngineering andTechnology(IRJET)
3) Chandrakant Kamble et al. (2019)
Title: Development of Solar Powered Multipurpose Agricultural Vehicle
Summary: Thisprojectisaboutbuildinga solar-powered farmingmachinethatcandomultiplejobslike seed sowing,
pumping water, and spraying pesticides. It focuses on using solar energy to save electricity and reduce pollution infarming.
4. PROPOSED WORK
Agricultureisthebackboneofmanycountries,especiallyin developingareas.Butfarmersfacebigproblemslikehighfuel prices, damage to the environment, and a shortage of workers.Mostfarmingtodaystilldependsondiesel-powered machinestodoimportantworklikeplowing,plantingseeds, weeding,sprayingpesticides,andharvesting.Usingdieselnot onlyincreasescostsbutalsocausesairpollutionandaddsto climatechange.Astheworld’spopulationgrowsandtheneed forfoodincreases,it’simportanttofindbetter,cheaper,and moreeco-friendlywaystofarm.Oneofthebestsolutionsis usingsolarenergy.Solarpowerisclean,renewable,andcan lower the cost of running machines while protecting the environment.That’swheretheideaofaMultipurposeSolar AgricultureVehicle(MSAV)comesin.Thistypeofmachine runs on solar power and can do many jobs like plowing, sowingseeds,wateringcrops,andcarryinggoods allwith one machine. This helps small and medium farmers save money,becausetheydon’thavetobuyseparatemachinesfor eachjob.Themachineusessolarpanels(PVpanels)toturn sunlight into electricity, which powers the vehicle and its tools.
5.METHODOLOGY
1) Identifying the Problem & Setting the Goal
First, we decide which farming jobs the machine should do like sowing seeds, removing weeds, harvesting, checking for plant diseases, watering crops,ormonitoringplanthealth.
Then we look at the main problems farmers face, such as lack of labour, slow work, or overuse of chemicals.
2) Designing and Building the Machine
Wechooseorbuildabasefortherobot thiscould beamachinewithwheels,tracks,orevenadrone.
Next,wemakethemechanicalpartstherobotneeds, suchas:
3) Control System and Programming
Weusemicrocontrollerslike Arduino or ESP32,or computers like Raspberry Pi or Jetson Nano, to controlthemachine.
6.EXPERIMENTEL SETUP
Chassis: Thebodyorbaseofthemachine,builtwith 4wheelsortrackssoitcanmoveeasilyinfields.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 05 | May 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Power Source: Themachinerunsusingabatteryor solar energy, making it suitable for places without electricity.
Drive System: ItusesDCorBLDCmotorstomove, alongwithmotordriversthatcontrolthespeedand direction
Controller:WeuseamicrocontrollerlikeArduinoor ESP32, or a small computer like Raspberry Pi or JetsonNano,tocontrolallthepartsoftherobot.
Seed Sowing Unit:Amotor-basedseeddispenseris usedtoplantseedsattherightdistanceanddepth.
Sprayer System: Used to spray fertilizers or pesticidesevenlyoverthecrops.
Water Pump and Nozzle: Helpsinwateringcrops bysprayingwaterwhereneeded.
Battery :WeuseLithium-ionorLead-acidbatteries (usually12Vto24V)tostorepower.
Solar Panels: Solar panelsconvert sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic (PV) cells, typically madeofsiliconandusedforbatterycharging
Power Distribution Board: This board shares power properly to all parts motors, sensors, and controllers.
.7. WORKING
Thismachineworksusingmotorpowerandachain-sprocket systemtotransfermotion.Theoperatorcontrolsthemachine frombehind,usingatoggleswitchtomoveitforward.Asthe trolley moves, the wheels rotate in the counterclockwise direction.Asprocketattachedtothewheelshaftalsorotates inthesamedirection.Thismotionispassedtoafreewheel throughachaindrive.
Sinceboththefreewheelandsprocketareonthesameshaft, they rotate together. This causes the connected sprocket (meshed externally) to rotate in the opposite (clockwise) direction.Asaresult,themaindiscstartsrotating.Alinkis attachedtothedisc,andthismovementispassedtotheseed sowingmechanism.Asthediscturns,itmovesthelink,which helps to release seeds from the hopper onto the soil. This processcontinuesasthemachinemovesforward,allowing seedstobesownevenly.Additionally,aweederisattached beneaththeframe,inthemiddleofthemachine.Ithelpsto removeweedsfromthesoilwhilesowingistakingplace.The weedingandsowingmechanismsworktogether,makingthe machineefficientandtime-saving
Fig.-2 GRAPH
Fig-3: MULTIPURPOSE AGRICULTURAL VEHICLE
Volume: 12 Issue: 05 | May 2025 www.irjet.net
4. P. Sugumaran et al. (2017), Development of Solar Powered Multipurpose Agricultural Vehicle for Small Scale Farmers. International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Engineering, and Technology (IJARSET).
5. S. H. Kale et al. (2016), Solar Based Multipurpose AgriculturalVehicle.InternationalJournalofResearch inMechanicalEngineeringandTechnology(IJRMET).
6. M.V.Rohithetal.(2015),MultipurposeAgricultural VehicleUsingSolarPower.InternationalJournalof EngineeringResearchandApplications(IJERA).
8.Future Scope
In future, if we increase the strength and quality of this equipment, it can be used for a lifetime as a multipurpose farming machine. By adding things like hydraulic systems, gearmechanisms,andmakingafewsmallchanges,wecan evenconvertthissetuptobeoperatedusingatractor.
9.CONCLUSION
After the manufacturing and testing of the Multipurpose AgriculturalMachine,thefollowingconclusionsweredrawn:
Themachineperformswellandisespeciallyuseful forsmall-scalefarmerswhocannotaffordexpensive agriculturalequipment.
It reduces both manpower and time compared to traditionalfarmingmethods.Withmassproduction, the cost of the machine can be further reduced, makingitmoreaffordable.
This machine can help solve the current labour shortageinIndianfarmingandsupportthepushfor moreefficientagriculturalpractices.
10. REFERENCES
1. G. Kumar et al. (2020), Design and Development of Solar Powered Multipurpose Agricultural Vehicle International Journal of Scientific Research and EngineeringDevelopment(IJSRED).
2. D.Khapreetal.(2020), DesignofMultipurpose Solar OperatedAgriculturalVehicle.InternationalResearch JournalofEngineeringandTechnology(IRJET).
3. Ch. Kamble et al. (2019), Development of Solar Powered Multipurpose Agricultural Machine InternationalJournalofMechanicalEngineeringand Technology(IJMET).
7. Rajendrakumar, Shiny, V. K. Parvati, B. D. Paramesh Chari,K.M.SanjivSiyanda,andReshma Banu(2017), AnIntelligentReportGeneratorforEfficientFarming. In 2017 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computer and Optimization Techniques (ICEECCOT), pp. 1–5. IEEE.
BIOGRAPHIES
Harishchandra Kumar Ram
B. Tech Mechanical Engineering final year
Manu Kuma Yadav
B.TechMechanicalEngineeringfinal year
Deepak Kumar
B. Tech Mechanical Engineering final year
Shubham Yadav
B.TechMechanicalEngineeringfinal Year
Mr. Ashish Kumar Srivastava, AssistantProfessorGITM