International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 12 Issue: 11 | Nov 2025
www.irjet.net
e-ISSN: 2395-0056 p-ISSN: 2395-0072
A Cloud-Enabled IoT Architecture for Smart Parking Management Using QR Code Authentication Shradha S. Deshmukh¹, Dr. Sandeep G. Sutar² ¹Department of Computer Science and Engineering, ADCET, Ashta, India ²Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, ADCET, Ashta, India -----------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------Key Words: Internet of Things (IoT), Smart Parking Abstract - Urban areas are witnessing an increase in System, QR Code Authentication, Cloud Computing, Object Recognition, Dijkstra Algorithm, Farthest First Clustering, Intelligent Transport Systems
the number of vehicles, which has led to a lack of parking spaces, more fuel consumption, and heavy traffic. This paper suggests a cost effective Internet of Things (IoT) and QR code technology-based Smart Parking System (SPS) that can be used to monitor in real-time, access automatically, and manage parking intelligently. The system uses sensors equipped with the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and computer vision-based object recognition to locate and track vehicles in parking areas. Moreover, QR code authentication is used in the proposed system to enable vehicle identification to be safe, contactless, and cheap, unlike traditional RFID-based methods. When a user scans a QR code using a smartphone or camera, the system checks the user's identity, writes the data of the entry or exit to the record, and updates the parking availability. An online or mobile interface through which both users and administrators can see updated occupancy information, is created by a cloud server that also communicates with IoT devices to get real-time data from the parking lot. To lessen the time spent searching for a parking space as well as to lower the likelihood of traffic congestion in the parking lot, the Farthest First Clustering algorithm is utilized additionally by the Dijkstra shortest path algorithm for the vehicles to be able to reach the closest vacant parking slot. Moreover, the parking usage patterns are being analyzed by the Farthest First Clustering algorithm to not only facilitate the area of a parking lot for the demand of a certain period but also allow for the prediction of future trends. The designed system will be able to work efficiently in a large city as the storage of data is the main responsibility of the central cloud with which the servers and sensors communicate seamlessly. Testing of the prototype indicates that the system is able to locate an object with an accuracy of more than 96%, recognize a QR code with a reliability of 99.9%, and have a response time of less than a second. These results help confirm that the system is suitable for realtime field application in environments such as cities. It is a technologically advanced, safe, and clean solution that helps to reduce parking problems and supports smart city development and intelligent transport infrastructure. Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), Smart Parking System, QR Code Authentication, Cloud Computing, Object Recognition, Dijkstra Algorithm, Farthest First Clustering, Intelligent Transport Systems
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1 .INTRODUCTION The growth in the number of vehicles in modern cities is the main reason for the serious problem of parking space shortage in the urban areas. Car owners in the majority of city centers have to drive around empty parking lots for a long time and this results in unnecessary fuel consumption, traffic congestion, and pollution increases. Bad parking management does not only waste time and energy but also increases the level of urban stress as well as environmental degradation. Hence the formation of an intelligent parking system is an essential step towards the cities of the future that are smart and sustainable. The performance of traditional parking systems is generally done through human labor or partly automatic procedures. In these systems, human beings are in charge of issuing tickets, collecting payments, and controlling the parking spaces. These methods are characterized by mistakes and problems that hinder the users' efficiency and comfort. To counterbalance these shortcomings, technological innovations over the last years have paved the means for the emergence of smart parking systems that use as well as communicate via IoT devices, sensors, computer vision, and cloud-based platforms and can, thus, fully, or partially, automate parking operations as well as offer real-time information to users. The first devices of smart parking systems widely utilized Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology for vehicle detection and access control. RFID depends on the communication through electromagnetism between the car-attached tag and the gate-mounted reader. Even though RFID is very accurate and is used in many applications, it is necessary to have certain hardware like RFID tags, antennas, and readers. Implementation raises the cost, limits extensibility, and requires ongoing hardware upkeep. In order to overcome these drawbacks, the system actuality proposed deregisters the use of RFID and features a Quick Response (QR) code-based approach to vehicle identification and authorization. QR codes represent visually the alphanumeric characters of the information they store without the limitation of space. They can be
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