International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 11 | Nov 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Automated Solid Fertilizer Distribution Machine Using IoT and Sensor Technology Ankita Nagnath Jadhav1, Prathamesh Narayan Virape2, Dnyaneshwar Ganesh Gond3, Yash Shravan Shelake4, Satyajeet Dipak Mokashi5, Vaishnavi Amar Awatade6 1(B.Tech Student, Dept.of Mechanical Engineering, SVERI College of Engineering Pandharpur, Solapur)
2,3(B.Tech Student, Dept.of Computer Science & Engineering, SVERI College of Engineering Pandharpur) 4,5(B.Tech Student, Dept.of Electronic & Telecom. Engineering, SVERI College of Engineering Pandharpur) 6(B.Tech Student, Dept.of Civil Engineering, SVERI College of Engineering Pandharpur)
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ABSTRACT Agriculture plays a crucial role in India’s economy, but traditional fertilizer application methods are still manual, time-consuming, and often inaccurate. Farmers frequently face uneven fertilizer distribution, leading to nutrient imbalance and reduced yield. To overcome this, we developed an IoT and Sensor-Based Automated Solid Fertilizer Distribution Machine that provides precise, smart, and uniform fertilizer application. This machine distributes only solid fertilizer based on plant detection using sensors and a microcontroller. The farmer controls the system through a mobile app interface, where they can set fertilizer quantity, operation mode, and movement speed. The sensors detect each plant’s position and release the fertilizer accurately near its roots. If crops are not planted in straight lines, the system uses a controlled spreading mechanism to ensure balanced coverage. This machine is suitable for multiple crops like maize, jowar, sugarcane, wheat, and bajra, and its modular and adjustable design allows easy use on different farm sizes. Experimental results show reduced fertilizer wastage, lower labor effort, and increased productivity. The system represents a step toward affordable and smart automation in Indian agriculture.
fertilizer level remotely. It ensures uniform fertilizer distribution for multiple crops like maize, jowar, sugarcane, and bajra, regardless of row pattern. The system is designed with an adjustable frame and dual outlet discs for efficient spreading in various field conditions. This innovation minimizes human effort, reduces fertilizer wastage, saves time, and enhances field efficiency. By integrating mechanical design, electronics, and IoT technology, the project promotes smart and sustainable farming for future agriculture.
2. SYSTEM DESIGN The machine is designed with several main components:
2.1 Main Control Unit: Acts as the brain of the system (Arduino) controlling all sensors, motors, and communication functions.
Keywords:
IoT, Sensors, Automation, Fertilizer Distribution, Smart Farming, Adjustable System.
1. INTRODUCTION Fertilizer management is a vital aspect of modern agriculture as it directly influences soil fertility, crop growth, and overall yield. Traditional methods of fertilizer application are mostly manual, which require more labor, time, and often result in uneven distribution. Overuse of fertilizers damages soil health and increases cost, while underuse reduces plant productivity. To overcome these issues, the proposed system introduces an IoT and sensorbased automated solid fertilizer distribution machine that detects plant presence using infrared and proximity sensors and precisely releases fertilizer near the root area. The machine is fully controlled through a mobile application, allowing farmers to monitor and adjust the
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Fig. 01- Microcontroller (Arduino) 2.2 IoT and Mobile Control: The machine connects to a mobile app via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth. Farmers can select the crop type, fertilizer level, operation speed, and mode. The system status and total fertilizer used are displayed on the app.
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