MSGR 1940v66n3

THE MESSENGERi

UNIVERSITYOF RICHMOND

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By Jack

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t WALTER E. BASS, Editor-in-Chief; OWEN TATE, Richmond College Editor; MABEL

LEIGH ROOKE, Westhampton College Editor; T. STANFORD TUTWILER, HARRIET YEAt MANS, B11siness Managers; SIMPSON WILLIAMS, Assistant B11siness Manager; HELEN :t t HILL, PHYLLIS ANNE COGHILL, JEAN NEASMITH, Westhampton College Advisory Board; :t FLORENCE LAFOON, ARTHUR BROWN, Art Editors; STRAUGHAN LOWE GETTIER, Ret search Editor; HENRIETTA SADLER, Non-Fiction Editor; ETHEL O'BRIEN, BoB MARTIN, :t : Poetry Editors; KIRA NICHOLSKY, Assistant Poetry Editor; PHILIP COOKE, KITTY CRAW- :t >l-i FORD, Fiction Editors; VIRGINIA McLARIN, Book Review Editor; ROBERTA WINFREY, Assistant Book Review Editor. :t

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By F. LAFOON

He sat staring at his wife across the firelit space between their chairs. The orange blaze built a gypsy campfire in the chromium cigarette box. He and she and the coffee-table were in a circle of wanton light and timid shadows. The room outside was a cheap reflection. Her hair was an aurora of pin-point flames and the slight rise and fall of her breast was staccatoed by the teasing light. Her lips moved slightly with the rhythm of the poetry she was reading. There was no other movement but the pendulum swinging of his thoughts-from the contours of her body to the pages of his book, from the pagan scene in the chromium to the fire, and back.

Then she moved. She only raised her head a little, but her eyes left the circle, and the fire settled down from its gluttony to rest. Her eyes, he knew, had strayed to a "foreign field" where there was no rain and the sun was mild, where the winds were slow and the water quiet, where love was silver, not copper for swine.

"Damned adolescent! Made of alabaster and pale gold. Thrilling always to poetry and never to the real. Vicariously suffering all the pains of the world, catching only fleeting pleasure in its scattered illusions."

She felt free tonight, he knew. The Victorian farce of the night before was over and another very soon would have been an outrage. He did not expect one. The full expanse of horrible craving was more satisfactory than the cold half-answer of her duty. So impressionable, so gullible, he could mold her thoughts into anything at all, and yet into this one realm of physical pleasure he could not introduce her. It was beyond her vision,

below the things she looked upon, incomprehensible to her belief. He could mold her very face into hideousness, so deep was her introspection, but how could he change her body from brittle coolness to pliant warmth? Why not give up his hopes, love her as he did, worship her, and seek some other for surcease? No. Long before he married her, he had known this would be. There could be no answer for him if it were not her.

His nature was man's own. He could not change.

He thought of the time when a friend had jokingly called her slim figure fat. She had refused to eat for days, seeing an image of obesity in her mirror out of which he could not convince her. He thumbed through the pages of his book and his face was tense.

It was late now and the fire was low. He got up and went across to her. 'Tm going to bed now, sweet. Do me a favor soon and read this book. It's call Origin of the Species. Good-night." He kissed her softly, the way she liked.

She nodded and murmured, "Good-night," turning the book over slowly in her hands. Hours later, when he still lay awake, thinking, he heard her go slowly to bed. He went and found the book turned downward, open at her place, well into the middle of the book.

The next night when he came home he found the place three-quarters of the way and the following night it was back on the shelf, but so was the book of poetry.

After supper she came and sat on the floor at his feet. "That's such an ugly, horrible book. Why do people believe such things? How do they begin to get such ideas? How can fine, [5]

beautiful people have evolved in any such way?"

He laughed and stroked her hair. "Darling, there are many men who are little more than beasts, with animal passions and brutelike emotions. Some men seem not to have come as far as others or else they are going back before others." He held her chin in the palm of his hand and looked down in her eyes. "Perhaps we are going back. We may have reached the peak that man can reach, and some day the world will again hold only a race of beasts. You or I or anyone may begin to crouch and grow hairy. Who knows to whom it may come first?" He held her close and smoothed the terror from her face in silence

He stood at his door that night and called her. " Darling, will you get a depilatory tomorrow? Your arms are getting hairy."

Throughout the spring he watched her running faster and faster on a treadmill of horror. The book was always about the rooms. She watched people from her window for hours. They no longer went out and he no longer

sought her affection. It was a long night of watching a changing test tube.

The summer came and she left for their mountain home. He was to join her in two weeks. The days rolled away and he dreamed of the woman he was to join, a new wild thing to be taught and tamed. He would soon be able to sooth away her fear and her horror and show her that it was not her appearance but her nature that had changed. The freedom and happiness for which he had hoped were already upon him. He drove the mountain roads at the speed of his strange eagerness. Each mile built louder the throb of the motor and his heart.

The night blew about him when he stepped from his car. Grey clouds slid low over the peaks. He saw a shadowed form move from the side of the house, and he called. The shadow grew into being and a scream died white on his lips. Freed from the clouds, a faint light touched the surface of a gold band entangled in the matting about the fingers of the beasts that reached for his throat.

And pity ' tis 'tis true That all the grand illusions Of youth are never new, But careworn.

The answer remained to be foundOnce found-never forgotten Though Lethe be employed to drown The unforgettable.

ST. GEORGE COOKE. (6)

By KIRA NICHOLSKY

She would try to change-she could not hurt her brother. But it would be hard, and w ould take every atom of her being not to rebel against it. Vera looked around abstractedly- it seemed so long ago that the recollection was dim; she was so young when those hectic days came, days of chaos and destruction, famine and long, torturous nights, depression, tramping feet , anxiety, weariness, days of not knowing which way fate might guide her. . . . The upheaval of the country had destroyed faith, had taken away homes, had brutally smashed traditions-but it could not kill nor submerge the idealism which dwelt in Vera's poetic soul. She had long since ceased to think of her mother's death, her father's piteous flight, those days which now seemed like nightmare-the brutal hands and uns ympathetic, maddened eyes. Havoc, chaos, destruction were the background for Vera ' s childhood. She wondered at her brother, her only living relative, at his apparent obsorption in the affairs of the government; he seemed detached from her, so far away-and yet he was so close. Vera did not know how he could forget the past - his strong and clinging family tradition-now to work with ideals his father fought to crush. Her grey-green eyes had clouded with remembrance; the happy childhood days came surging back. Days before the name of Russia meant imprisonment or starvation, cruelty and long empty nights

Then there was the sea and all its majestic, powerful beauty In summer when all was still, and the pale moon sent a shimmering, silver streak across the quiet waters of the bay, the fishermen went out, their boats passing

into the streak of moonlight, their oars dripping silver as they came from the black depths. On a stormy, windy day, the sea whipped into a turbulent whirlpool, and the waves crashed below, filling the air with a salty spray. Seagulls swooped low to the waters, fearing an approaching storm. The tearing, unrelenting wind bent trees and swept the spray far inland, enfolding everything in a salty mist. She could never forget the sea, though now the city's grimy claw held her fast.

Vera looked into the mirror and poised her comb thoughtfully. Hers was a face masked, so full of sensitivity, of restlessness, and bewildered hurt, and her eyes were softly illuminated with a strange, ethereal light-they were so wide and lovely that her other features seemed obscured by their glowing brilliance. The new and sturdy nation wanted women, strong and able; the power of their minds was not admired, their imagination and perception was of no avail. And it was only because her brother had so faithfully served the Communistic party that she could go quietly and safely, without suspicion.

Her brother's hurried steps broke her reverie. Constantin came in-a tall khaki uniform, a head poised well, figure trim and neat, grey eyes, direct, yet hiding unknown things, a face that held reticence and aloofness so well.

" Good-evening, comrade," ... and as he gazed apologetically toward her, she knew he was aware how the last word left imprints on her soul; she smiled fleetingly but looked away, for tonight her thoughts were too much with her-she felt detached and strangely far away; for a time the sordidness of her surroundings could be forgotten. Constantin guessed her mood, but he had things to say He stood before her, seeking a beginninghis sister always aroused within him a fierce turmoil, seeming to symbolize the things he wanted to forget; her startled look at a

thoughtless word, her glances, wounded, yet strangely calm, moved him more than he could say. And she was the only one who knew what lay behind the coat of assumed indifference, realizing that customs and traditions could not be swept away by a revolutionary tide; she knew that he hated the crude and artless world in which he was forced to live.

"I have been appointed to go to study the different models of planes used in naval operations in the United States, have to go, of course. They chose me because I speak English."

He had almost forgotten himself-his childhood, the various governesses, soft linden trees, peaceful twilights, rolling country side, the gay and easy life They knew his past, and They still were not sure of him, for he had not risen from the soil and by the labor of his hands in the rich earth The murky twilight of the factory district oppressed her with its waves of heat, and she caught her breath. In that moment she seemed so far away, so ethereal, that Constantin was not quite sure that she was there-he felt alone, lost. The room and its cheap papered walls, the cracks and bits of loose plaster, the crude furniture, and the callous glare of the lights stifled him.

Vera spoke, and her voice, usually vibrant with unuttered feeling was flat- " When do you go?"

"You didn't think that I would leave you? I told them you would have to come."

It was not relief that glimmered in Vera's eyes-rather resignation .

Tall rose the jagged skyline before Vera's awed eyes. . . . Commotion, people shouting

vague farewells, and hasty invitations, some exclaiming over a mighty statue which Vera learned was a symbol of liberty-to her its musty greenness conveyed no exultation. Her mind was confused - everything was so strange and new. People milled along the dock-a multitude of meaningless facescareless greetings given and received. But the crowd had a gay abandon Vera had not known, so used to harsh, strained faces, weary, tired, sullen, impassive. New York-with its fabulous riches, magnificent buildings, noisy subways, rushing crowds, gum-chewing shopgirls, screeching sirens-New York the cool, aloof, unfriendly, throbbing with life-it awaited Vera.

"Are you afraid?" Afraid? A word entirely lost from her vocabulary. Was fear a numb feeling or sensation of a racking, tearing, searing pain? Was fear sleepless, anxious nights or days of waiting?

"No, I thought perhaps-we don ' t belong here. The people seem so different, so selfsatisfied, complacent in themselves Perhaps we shall be odd and strange, and no one shall like us." Great trouble lay in her fathomless eyes; already her being was groping for some stable attachment-above all she needed reassurance, belief, understanding.

The first days were unreal, and full of words; so many people, so many lights, so much noise-but joy was there. Vera could never understand what their voices said, but they sounded free, not haunted and suspicious. In a quiet section uptown they found a small apartment; its compactness fascinated Vera -she had ceased to wonder, to be awed or surprised. Having gone through so much turmoil, she began to accept her new surroundings as an integral part of her fated life.

By A. ADDISON

Will you have your coffee black, or with bling on strange berry-bearing plants, and the cream? Some say sugar helps the flavor. And result was their unnatural behavior. The rethat's just about as far as interest in that sub- port was met with scorn by all the monks save ject goes . But I, not in the interests of science, one-and this monk was the discoverer of · or from a salesman's point of view urge you coffee. In attempting to explain the oddity, to penetrate a little more-I, an admitted ser- he cooked the berries, and then soaked them vant of the drink, will attempt to introduce in boiling water. The result was a steaming you to what I trust is a most fascinating life brew with a pungent odor, and a bitter flavor. story. On drinking it at his bedtime, he found that

We must go into the legendary past of cof- sleep was remote, and that this time of wakefee . It was in Shehodet monastery-a name fulness could be spent profitably in prayer. meaning " bear witness," "belonging to Allah," In this way the drink was direct aid to Allah as everything on earth belongs to the Creator -they called it Khawah, the invigorating, the - in a time too far back to remember, or so stimulating. the story goes, that coffee had its real or unreal It was not until 1587 that the drink was origin. The monks living quietly in their gray again brought into the minds of the thinking home atop the hills had for constant compan- peoples; at that time a war was raging, a seriions and partners two forms of life-goats, ous war indeed, between the infidels and the and shepherds to tend their goats. Into this Christians Unbelieving Turkey had amassed partnership went much thought-at least on great quantities of power and territory, and the part of the monks. The goats lived peace- was even then pounding at the walls of Vienfully, rambling around the rocks, giving their na . The Viennese were unable to resist the milk morning and evening for the sustenance mighty opposing army; help must be had And of the quiet men of Allah-until one day they so it was that Kolshitsky, a Pole, was brought found their skins providing a warm covering, into service. Kolshitsky had been a Turkish or were themselves bearing witness of alle- spy, who knew the language and the customs. giance to Allah, in the form of a beautifully Accordingly he was dressed in Turkish garb, wrought, and delicately colored manuscript. and went forth. Weary and tired, after strugAt any rate so long as it lasted, it was a happy gling across the border, he stopped for shelter partnership. at a small hut in the waste between Vienna, One day a shepherd came to the monks with and the quarters of Charles, Duke Of Lora distraught face; contrary to all nature in this raine. The hut was kept by an ancient holy quiet place. The goats had lost their previous- man, an Aga. He slept, he ate-and for drink, ly happy minds. For five nights they had coffee. As Kolshitsky quaffed it, invigoration jumped from rock to rock bleating wildly, crept into his tired body. He went on to but not sleeping their customary twelve hours. Charles, and help was obtained. A great vieOn investigating this strange situation the tory was won; Vienna was free. The armies shepherds found that the goats had been nib- plundered the Turkish tents stealing all of

value, and curiosity. Most plentiful were saddle bags packed with what they supposed to be camel fodder, and which they burned for warmth. Kolshitsky, smelling the burning berry, and undoubtedly recognizing the unacknowledged victor of the battle, rushed in and claimed the fiery coffee as his reward. After all Kolshitsky was the savior of Vienna, the hero of the day; no reward could be too great for him. And so for saving Vienna, Kolshitsky received countless saddle bags of coffee. . . .

This may seem a far cry from coffee as we know it today, but each thing on earth must have a beginning somewhere, and so it seems logical to surmise that our modern version of coffee was born in that pioneer Kolshitsky. For he took his coffee to Dombrasse on the Rhine and opened the first coffee-house. He served it as the Turks served it-strong, fragrant, with many grounds, and a bitter taste. The Viennese did not like it. In fact they refused to drink it. Kolshitsky, strategic as usual, was undismayed. He rid the drink of the grounds which choked the sensitive Viennese by inventing a strainer, sweetened the taste by adding matured honey, and diluted the beverage with milk. Peter Wendler, a baker, supplied him with light crescent-shaped rolls, which reminded the people, as they washed them down, of the def eat of the crescent, which had come so near to taking Vienna. Veronica Krapt, a baker woman, made toothsome spherical doughnuts filled with syrupKolshitsky' s coffee-house was a success. The Viennese flocked there. And then just as the · old monk had been the father of coffee, Kolshitsky became the father of the coffee-house. Built upon coffee and doughnuts, this was the molder of huge dynasties, off shoots, and crossrngs.

a London merchant voyaged on the Mediterranean. In Smyrna he encountered a small person called Pasqua Rosee, and Pasqua was a coffee maker. Edwards fascinated by the brew, took him back to London. Morning and evening Pasqua brewed coffee for his master, and imagine the amazement of Mr. Edwards on finding that his popularity grew with every cup of coffeemade by his small servant. Droves came by at just the psychological moment. It grew too much even for Daniel Edwards, who had other things to do beside satisfying the curiosity of his friends, and providing them with coffee. And so he set Pasqua Rosee up in a small shop in Cornhill, opposite Saint Michael's church, and therefore in the very odour of sanctity. The virtue of the coffee drink first publicly made and sold in England by Pasqua Rosee was worthy of its reputation.

As stories always have grown and always will grow, coffee was no exception. Billboards publicizing the drink were circulated and much read. Note the following:

· "It much quickens the spirits and makes the heart lightsome; It supresseth fumes exceedingly, and therefore is good against the headache and will much stop any deflexion of rheums that distill from the head upon the stomach and so prevent and help consumption and the cough of the lungs. It is excellent to prevent and cure the dropsy, gout and scurvy. Made and sold in Saint Michael's Alley in Cornhill by Pasqua Rosee at the sign of his own head.''

With such publicity as this it was no wonder that Pasqua continued to prosper. In fact he prospered too well. Complaints began to arise and strenuous complaints at that. Again and again the plaint against coffee reappearedin the form of references to disordered do-

For another period of years coffee remained mesticity, and interference with business. It safely in Austria and the continent, never was said that the frequenting of coffee-houses spreading very far, never assuming great, un- made men idle, this being no more than a variparallelled popularity. And then one Edwards, ant of the ancient invectives against taverns.

[ 10 J

"The coffee House," we read lu a leaflet, "have become great enemies of industry. Many a promising gentleman and merchant, who had previously been a trustworthy person has found this to his cost. To converse with his friends he will spend three or four hours in a coffee house. There friends bring other friends, and thus many a worthy man is kept away from his occupation for six or even eight hours."

A sad admission to make, disturbing the peace of an otherwise tranquil home, all for a cup of coffee. Reflect on the increase in the business of tea rooms and the like at just about coffee time. Makes one wonder if we are not now aiming for a domestic revolution.

However in this far off time measures were quickly taken, the Lord Mayor of London was asked to intervene in the case of Pasqua Rosee. The English people were incensed that the small Greco Armenian had robbed native Englishmen of so much popularity. The Lord Mayor placed, as a measure of punishment for poor Pasqua, his own coachman Bowman as a partner to share in the plunder, and to make doubly sure that Pasqua would regret his popularity, he charged him a large indemnity each year. The result was the pitiful failure of Pasqua, and even Bowman felt the blow. He was forced to sell beer in his coffee house , as

well as the ever popular coffee. Nevertheless, his success was indisputable.

After Rosee began the system, coffee-houses spread like wildfire throughout London. They were less exalted than the fashionable clubs but more numerous. In them coffee, tea, and chocolate could be drunk, picquet and basset played, the best literary and political conversation was to be had. A host might retail the latest gossip of the town and introduce his friends to samples of the newest in coiffure, or the reigning craze in cloth.

All this grew so painfully true that in 1767 by order of the Lord Mayor of London, and supported by the crown, all coffee-houses were closed. They remained in this state for the lengthy period of three days. At the termination of this time the people demanded that the doors be opened for gossip and political slander to be resume quite unmolested, and strangely enough the crown gave way before a powerful weapon, coffee.

And so with this history of coffee, the startlingly tempting advertisements of the benefits to be gained, and finally by realization of its power, ,this dissertation is ended. Remember those of you who feel a lack of necessary intelligence, a simple solution for all of your difficulties, Coffee. You have the word of history, not to mention myself.

?nusic-Gbsltt.act

By VIRGINIA THOMPSON

Music wears differently colored clothes of interpretation, a new outfit for each occasion. Sometimes on joyous events, it seems to be clothed in gaudy stripes of reds, oranges, and yellows. This attire is worn for hot swing, for the rhythm of a large unexhaustible jitterbug public.

In striking contrast is the soft white gown it wears in the reverence and tranquility of church. It is shrouded by a delicate yet brilliant gold radiance, typifying the joyous uplift and worshipful expression in hymns.

Wholesome, fresh looking clothes are donned for outdoor occasions. Joyce Kilmer's "Trees" and Ethelbert Nevin's "Narcissus" always find music clad, gnome-like, in massy greens, or burnt rusts and with a jaunty elfin shaped hat of deep bronze perched on its head. These deeper bronze tones of nature are shed for a pale yellow hooped skirt, blending delicately with pinks and blues for the swaying three-quarter time of an old fashioned waltz.

For symphonies music will always wear a superb blend of hues. Colors such as green and gold, blue and rose, or green and rust, that harmonize perfectly evincing the cooperation and unity of an orchestra in giving the finished symphony.

Music wears for more somber occasions the usual downcast black, hiding behind the shroud of death its gay and delightful moods and penetrating the difficult depths of feeling -unwanted, yet inescapable.

For classical compositions such as those by Schubert, Chopin, and Beethoven music moves regally in stately satin gowns of rich purples, midnight blues, and burgundies, which stand

for the crowning achievement of classical music.

But music is not always gowned. There are harsh and bitter times when music is entirely unrobed, stripped of all beauty and exposing to everyone a desperate struggle for existence. This is the music of our blues or torch songs, which will always touch the hearts and minds of the self-sympathetic, weak-willed and world-trodden people of today and tomorrow.

ljeu1tsa90,!1?nusl lluoe

K,,,,ow"'1.Jou

By A. d'A VESNE

Years ago, I must have known you, Or another me have loved another you. Years ago, when Love was living In a smaller home with flowers.

It was there that we, or those other two Learned to understand the quiet pulse · And throb of a sky at sunset

Or the cool song of country larks.

For today that I have found you

In a city of noise and thick with dust

And today that we are walking

On a track of steel-and not a lane

I feel that you and I together

Have never lost our sight of stars

Tucked somewhere between the roof-tops.

Years ago, when Love was living In a smaller home with flowers, Years ago, I must have known youOr another me have loved another you.

An Address of a Pharisee in the Sanhedrin of Jerusalem Against One Called II Jesus of Nazareth 11

As rendered by JACK NOFFSINGER

Oh men of the Sanhedrin, sons of Abraham, keepers of the great and mighty Jewish Law, and protectors of the covenant of our fathers, there is within our realm one who calls himself a teacher, one Jesus of the lowly town of Nazareth born of an humble carpenter. This same person is poisoning the minds of our people, weaning away the masses from the code of our fathers, and spreading abroad all manner of insipid, revolutionary, and dangerous doctrines, wholly undermining the sacredness of the laws of our people.

For centuries now, we of this body, under great odds, have combatted all efforts, open or secretive, to destroy the faith of our fathers. Our attention has been centered against the barbarous heathenism of idolatry as brought to us from Eastern countries and filtered like a river of death among our people. Of late, we have taken a firm stand against the undermining influences of Grecian philosophy with its free-thinking and pleasure-seeking ends and emphasis. But, now, there has arisen one more radical, more presumptuous, more irreverent to the laws of Jehovah than all these others combined. He is the embodiment of Satan himself and in his name casts out devils.

was made for man and not man for the Sabbath." Then, added to this insult to Jehovah, he plainly said that he ... he was the ruler even of the Sabbath.-May the wrath of Jehovah descend upon him!

Another instance, which we all recall so well, was that of the same Sabbath, when he actually entered our sacred synagogue and there healed the withered hand of some miserable wretch. He was even audacious enough to quote the laws of our fathers in an attempt to confuse the minds of the people as to the real issue involved.

This same Jesus added to these sins even in my own house, the Sabbath following, when I invited him there, at your request, in our attempt to find out more about him. It was there, as you remember, that he not only insulted my hospitality, but again broke the sacred Sabbath by attempting to heal a man with dropsy.

Further, he and his despicable followers never fast according to our sacred law. (He seems to think that because he is here among us that we should be so happy that we could not fast!)

Neither he nor his band of fishermen and

To be more specific, oh reverent fathers, I sinners care the slightest about our traditional cite you actual instances of his promiscuous washing of hands before sitting at meat. He disregard and actual violation of the Jewish evens sits to eat with publicans and sinners, code. The breaking of our Holy Sabbath, as too low even for us to associate with. He is, prescribed by the Third Commandment of more than all this, unclean, for I saw him Jehovah to Moses on Mount Sinai, seems to be touch a leper! his greatest pleasure. He sanctioned the pluck- He calls our laws the traditions of men, ing of ears of corn by his disciples only three when all of us know that the hand of Jehovah Sabbaths ago, as some of you well know, be- has guided us. This same rebel has severely reing present. He even went so far as to intimate buked even those of us who hold the most that man was greater than God, and said, and sacred positions of our land. In fiery language, I quote his actual words, that "The Sabbath full of libel and slander, he insulted even us, [ 13]

the keepers of the law and guardians of the covenant.

But, sin of all sins condemnation of all condemnations, he has dared to call himself the Son of God! I have heard that in Nazareth, in the early days of his public exhibitions, he even read the prophecy of our noble predecessor, Esaias, concerning the promised Messiah and applied it to himself. No better evidence of this perverted attitude need be given than the countless times when we all have shuddered to hear him say to a man what only Jehovah can say-"Thy sins be forgiven Thee."

His mad boldness, his presumptuous irreverence, and his dangerous methods all

speak with tongues of fierce warning that here is a revolutionist of the most pernicious kind. There are so many other violations of law and instances of gross heresy that could be readily cited against him that, were we to stay here all day to hear them, the sun would set upon only a part of the blackness of his blasphemies.

So, Oh men of the Sanhedrin, if we cherish the laws of our holy fathers, love and protect the temple of Jehovah, and desire to keep the great religion of the Hebrew free from the taint of radical debauchery, we must unite to abolish complete! y this dangerous rebel and all his disruptive influence.

A Defense of Jesus of Nazareth Before the Sanhedrin by One of Their Number

As rendered by R. STUART GRIZZARD

There is one who stands before us today indicted, nay convicted, of being a transgressor, an egregious transgressor of the Sacred Law of Moses. He has healed on the Sabbath, yes, he has been guilty of not obeying the ceremonial rituals of our religion. He has accused those of us to whom is entrusted the keeping of the Sacred Law with being hyprocrites, and we are aghast at such a charge.

We cannot help but recoil from this humble carpenter and wonder whence cometh all this authority that he assumes and whence his credentials that would give him license to stand within the very sacred portals of the · Temple of God itself and preach this strange new doctrine. I say he stands arraigned before us and who can deign to defend him? Not these simple fisher-folk that are with him, for he may have deluded them, not those women who follow him, for their voices cannot be heard above the thunderous words that would

until this moment, was his mortal enemy. I can see more clearly than ever was given to man to see, what this man was about. And believe me it is not the destruction but the fulfilment of the law.

We think that because this man is humble, because he comes from Nazareth, whence no good thing can come, because they who sit at his feet are not people of influence, affluence, or standing, that because he speaks a dialect and has never been to our universities or because he has never travelled, because of all this we think that he cannot have the words of God or that he cannot speak with authority; but hearken to me, for I remember that Jehovah has said that he would reveal himself to the humble and not to the proud.

Our father Abraham was called out of Ur of the Chaldees to go unto a land that Jehovah promised to him and his seed. And our great father was obedient unto the voice of God convict him of this transgression of our Sacred even to the place where he would have sacriLaw. But brethren, I shall defend him, I who, ficed his beloved son Isaac. God's voice spoke [ 14]

to Abraham to entertain the stranger within his gate, for in so doing he might entertain angels unaware. Has the significance of that admonition been lost on us?

When our fathers were led from the oppression of Egyptian bondage by our great LawGiver Moses through the perils of the Wilderness at last into the Land of Promise, they had with them the particular and peculiar revelation of God. They were guided by God until the time came that the prophecy should be fulfilled which said that the children of Israel would forget God when they came into the land that flowed with milk and honey. Yes, our fathers forgot God tho ' he called them back to Him by the prophets, and he promised to us a Messiah who would deliver us from the oppressions in which our iniquities had involved us. Our fathers were overcome by the Assyrians and the Babylonians. Now we are oppressed by Rome We are in danger of losing our identity as a nation. Surely we need a deliveror, one who can break the stronghold that the enemy has about our throats. At such a time as this when we look eagerly for the deliveror who is to come in the name of the Lord, a puissant prince and the fairest among ten thousand who is able to fulfill all pr<?phecy We find one who is accused of being a wine-bibber and the consort of publicans and sinners, intimating that he is Messiah who is called Christ.

On the strength of God ' s promise it would seem sacrelegious to even consider this man to be what he has claimed for himself, but wait, I beg you. Our Jehovah has ever built great things from small beginnings . Our mighty religion began when Abraham first heard the voice of God.

You say this man could never build a kingdom, for he is a man of peace. God fought on the side of our fathers when they conquered Caanan, against overwhelming numbers. He caused even the sun to stand still that one vie-

tory be more complete. We have always thought of God as our king and ruler and that we were to be the instruments through which he would establish a physical empire and that the Jewish people were to be the sole heirs of this great heritage All that we deemed necessary to inherit it was to obey such laws as were given to us to keep inviolate, to stay familiar with all of the traditions of that law and to observe the customs prescribed by the LawGiver. God's son would come with power and wealth should flow in. There would be no poor and ignorant people in this kingdom. God is our king.

Now comes this man with a startling doctrine that God is our father as well as our king. Instead of a stern Law-Giver He is revealed to us as having a personal interest in each one. He is cognizant of the sparrow, how much more of the needs of men who are his children. He heralds not kingdom of force, but one predicated upon love and a Spirit of Good Will.

Brethren of the Sanhedrin, we have become remoted and distant because of pride in our learning and tradition. The cry of the people cannot reach us for they hate and fear us. We do not know the true heart of giving, for we know not the everyday problems of its people. This man knows their very heart beat, he has associated with the great masses of the people . Working as a carpenter, he had heard their daily conversation and they did not act or pretend before him as they would before us, because he is one of them. He has won their confidence and faith because of our pride and aloofness. This Jesus of Nazareth knows that the cry of the people is for a God that is more than a sovereign who rules them.

I stand before you and dare say that God is revealing himself through this Jesus, else why would the lame walk, the blind see and the leper be cleansed? Can anything so good come

[ 15]

from one who is evil or other than he represented himself to be?

After all, he differs from us only in the interpretation of the law. He believes that the spirit of the law is more important than its letter, while we believe that the letter must be kept, no matter what happens to the spirit thereof.

0 brethren, can you not see what our blindness has led us to? The law was given to Moses first to guide us along the way of life, not to cripple and throttle every impulse and regiment our lives from the cradle to the grave.

What boots it that the Sabbath is broken to do some good deed? Was not, as he points out, the Sabbath made for man and not man for the Sabbath. Can you not be honest enough to say that the observance of the law has become mere pomp and ceremony to us and as dry as dust. The issues of life do not come from these dusty tomes that we fondle like precious metals while about us people hunger and thirst for the true bread of righteousness.

Fathers, our world is tumbling about our ears! Why could we not try the practices of forgiveness, brotherly love, sonship to the father, that this prophet teaches. Is the kingdom of God any less real because it builds itself in the hearts of men rather than upon the bones, moans and groans of those conquered in military conquest?

Are the publicans, harlots and sinners any less the creatures of God's hand than are we who proudly boast of our preeminence in the councils of the righteous? If Jesus of Nazareth, · a man pure and unspotted, can lift the fallen to a place where they regain their self-respect and still can remain so pure himself, can we not do the same? Our pride and false holiness have, in a large manner, forced the sinner into the error of his way. Now there is revealed in this man a way of life so simple and effective that anyone though a fool need not err therein.

You say he has broken the law! He has not

broken the law but rather he has fulfilled it, by revealing in it the new relationship in which we stand to God, a hope that not only Jewry but all mankind may live again. He reveals a life unhindered by technicalities where we can place first things first-love, mercy, faith, justice, and that a man must love his neighbor as himself.

He has cast out devils and healed the sick. You say that there is no precedence in law for that. No, but there are happy homes now where once there was despair and unhappiness. Can this be contrary to the will of God?

You say he did not condemn the woman taken in adultery. No, we cannot see what he saw in her. To this man the past means nothing and the future everything. He could not see the evil of her past, but the potentiality of the good she could do in the kingdom he had come to establish. He did not condone her evil; he told her to go and sin no more, but he gave her hope for the days that lay ahead, for now, if God has revealed himself in this man, there exists a world in which a person will not be judged by what he was or who he was, but by the good he may do as a channel of blessings to mankind.

Love and sympathy are the keynotes of his gospel and he believes that they will eventually regenerate the world.

He has made the name Pharisee a thing to be abhorred, but only because we have stood in the way of truth.

How can we condemn him whose hands have been used only to heal the broken bodies of men and to bless them, whose lips have spoken no guile, but only truth, whose eyes have been raised only to view the sufferings of men, and whose heart is anguished by these sufferings? He has blessed and helped mankind wherever he has been. God is real to him, not a remote and horrible Master. God speaks through him. He touches men's lives.

Is this not the Son of God?

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Unioetsit~o! Richmond

1840-1940

Old Campus-1834 - 1914

1840 1940

By WALTER E. BASS

All great things have little beginnings, but ert Ryland, with one assistant, Rev. Eli Ball, littleness does not necessarily mean unimpor- undertook the education of fourteen student tance. And the minister of the eighteen hun- ministers. The school property consisted of dreds was a most important unit in the social two hundred acres of land, which were under structure. His thoughts molded the thought the tillage of the students, as a part of the eduof his people; his ignorance was their ignor- cational program. Before and after classes ance, or his open-mindedness and intelligent and work the students were confined to their attitude opened the way for a progressive rooms and could converse only on strict busilaity. The Baptists of Virginia were early to ness. "In the third annual report of the Board realize this, and as far back as 1788 they de- of Managers of the Seminary we find this incided that they should found a Seminary for teresting and illuminating remark: 'Let us be the education of their ministerial students. anxious not to furnish fuel for the flame of The General Committee of Virginia Baptists pride and vanity, but so to inform and improve appointed a group of ten men to look into the the minds of our young ministers, as shall financing of this undertaking. But money was cause them with becoming humility to see and scarce, and some were fearful lest education deplore their ignorance.' " (The First Hunmake the preachers too worldly wise; for this dred Years} page 21.) The curriculum of reason the movement was slow in attaining its those first years was naturally limited. The goal. A Board of Trustees which was appoint- classes for study during the session 1832-33 ed in 1793 met with equal failure and the plan included Arithmetic, Geography, Grammar, was abandoned in 1809. In the fifteen years Algebra, Geometry, Latin, Natural Theology following, however, several things occurred and Moral Theology. which turned the tide towards attaining the During this beginning session all students goal. The missionary zeal of 1813 gave the were supported by the Baptists of Virginia, people a new insight into spiritual needs. In but, as the school was opened the following 1821 Columbian College was founded in year to students who were not planning for the Washington, and the people were again ministry, soon pay students were received and aroused as to the paucity of educational ad- the teaching personnel increased. This new vantages in Virginia. In 1823 the Virginia condition made the farm a costly project and Baptist General Association was organized, a the Board decided that the school would have movement which added centralization and better possibilities if it were located near the unity to their work, thus enabling them to be city. And so in December, 1834 ( one record more harmonious in their educational desires. says 1833), the location was changed to the These events joined to bring into reality a western suburbs of Richmond, which later bedream of forty-two years, for in 1832 the Vir- came Lombardy Street. The new location ginia Baptist Seminary came into existence. opened the school to more students, increasing On a farm north of Richmond, at that time numbers of whom were not ministerial, but called Spring Farm, the principal, Rev. Rob- who desired to take advantage of the liberal

19]

education which Rev. Ryland had outlined as the basis of study for ministers, not theological, but a basis upon which theology could be built in later life . In fact the Board of Managers were of this opinion concerning theological teachings: "The board has been unwilling to encourage devotion to any system of divinity prepared by human wisdom, yet it has been thought indispensably important to attend to many collateral studies in the investigation of the sacred volume. The Bible is a figurative book. Its almost numberless allusions, and consequently its rich truths, cannot be understood without some knowledge of the manner and customs of the ancients and the geography and natural history of the East."

The changing of the Seminary into a college was a financial necessity due to the laws of Virginia which would not grant a charter to a theological school. Since it was not chartered nor incorporated, it was impossible upon all occasions to collect legacies which had been left to the school, and the growing institution needed more endowment to take care of an enlarged faculty. On March 4, 1840, by an act of the General Assembly of Virginia thirtyseven gentlemen were incorporated as trustees, to establish "at or near the city of Richmond a seminary of learning for the instruction of youth in the various branches of science and literature, the useful arts, and the learned and foreign languages which shall be called and known by the name of Richmond College." (Catalogue of Richmond College 188485.) So opposed to theological education was the Virginia Assembly that they included this warning in the original charter ( which was omitted in the charter of 1858): "That nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to authorize the establishment of a theological professorship in the said college ."

A new phase had begun. Three teachers were appointed with salaries of nine hundred, six hundred, and five hundred dollars. Min-

isterial aid was transferred from the denomination to the trustees. In 1843 the new Richmond College opened its doors to sixty-eight students; but there were only two classes, Freshmen and Sophomores. The lack of a full four-year course was not due to carelessness, but to a desire for efficiency. To expand the school beyond its ability would endanger the reputation of the school. The purpose of the Board of Trustees was to do a good job of the classes they had, and expand wherever opportunities presented themselves. In 1845 a Junior class was added, and finally, in 1848 the school offered a full four-year course, thereupon in the following year the first degrees were presented-one to Poindexter Smith Henson who became a famous minister and the other to Josiah Ryland, who became a teacher, soldier, and merchant.

Richmond College had become firmly established after a hard struggle. It now could settle down for expansion. In the twenty years from 1840 to 1860 the college grew steadily in endowment, teachers, number of students and the organization of its educational facilities. It changed from a theological preparatory school to a denominational-liberal college. Advanced courses were added from time to time.

Let us look back for a while as we open the Seventeenth Annual Catalogue of Richmond College, Session 1858-59

Facult y

Rev. Robert Ryland , A M. President and professor of Moral Science

George E. Dabney , A M Professor of Latin

Lewis Turner, A M Professor of mathematic s and ast ronomy

William G. Stran g e, A.B Professor of chemistry and natural philosophy

Sidney H. Owens, Jr., A.M Professor of the Greek Language and Literature

[ 20]

A. H. Slocomb, A.B.

Tutor in the academic department Hotel Keepers

James P. Tyler

W T. Lindsay

Professor of Modern Languages

This professorship has just been established and a professor will be appointed before the commencement of the next session.

Let us now turn to the page on Rules Regarding Students and pick out a few which are extremely interesting to us as we compare them with the rules under which the students now live:

The hours specially appropriated to study are from 9 a.m . to 3 p.m., or from 8 a.m. to 2 p.m ., as the faculty may direct, and from supper until bedtime, Students will not be allowed to play on any musical instrument , or to make any noise on the premises.

At the hour designated for morning and evening prayer , everyone must attend, unless prevented by bodily indisposition

Absence from the premises during study hours , or at night , without permission from some one of the faculty , shall not be permitted

Students shall not visit each other's rooms during study hours except on business , nor at other times , without the cordial wishes of the occupants.

Students are expected to attend public worship every Sabbath morning They shall report themselves to the faculty when they fail to conform to these rules. And

their attendance at any church shall be considered a failure if they enter the church after_the services have begun or leave before they close

No student shall keep any kind of fire arms, or any species of deadly weapons.

Our attention is next drawn to the course of study. We can well understand the significance of such long periods of study, when we see the requirements which all of the classes made upon the students.

Academic Department

English composition and Grammar, History and Geography, Arithmetic, Elementary Algebra, and Geometry to the 4th Book of Legendre, Arnold's First and Second Latin Books, Andrew's and Stoddart's Grammar With Exercises, Caesar and Virgil, McClintock and Cook's First Book in Greek, Kuhner's Elementary Greek Grammar, Xenophon's Anabasis.

Collegiate Department

Latin

Junior Class

Sallust, Horace's Odes and Epodes, Arnold ' s Prose Compositions, Roman history, Geography and Antiquities, reciting daily.

Intermediate Class

Livey, Horace's Satires and Epistles, continuation of Arnold's Prose Composition, Roman History, Geography and Antiquities, reciting daily

Senior Class

Select letters of Cicero, Terence, Tacitus , Satires of Juvenal and Perseus , with written exercises and continuous Arnold's Prose Composition, Roman History , Geography and Antiquities , reciting daily

French

First Year: Fasquelle's French Course, Fleury's History of France.

Second Year: Callot's Dramatic French Grammar and Free Exercises.

Greek Course

Junior Course : Xenophon ' s Anabasis, Herodotus, Kuhner's Greek Grammar and Exercises, the History Antiquities and Geography of Greece

Intermediate Class: Greek Prosody, Euripides, Thucydides and · continuation of history , Antiquities and Geography of Greece

Senior Class: Sophocles, Demosthenes, Homer, Translations from English into Greek.

The Professor devotes an hour every day to each class. The Junior and Intermediate classes are required to write daily translations from English into Greek, which, carefully corrected, and with corrections explained in the presence of the classes, are then recited from memory at the following recitation

Mathematics and Astronomy

Junior Class: Algebra , including Logarithms and the construction of Logarithmic Tables, and Elementary Geometry

To pursue the studies of this class successfully, the stu-

dent should be familiar with vulgar and decimal fractions, and simple equations.

Intermediate Class: Algebra completed, Spherical Geometry, Analytical Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, the theory and practice of Surveying, the theory of Levelling, Analytic Geometry.

Senior Class : Differential and Integral Calculus and Astronomy.

Chemistry and Natural Philosophy

These subjects are taught concurrently by lectures which are delivered three times a week throughout the session, and by recitation from approved text books. The lectures are accompanied with full experimental illustrations and conclude with a course on animal and agricultural chemistry. The classes are subjected semi-weekly to rigid examinations.

Moral Science

Junior Class : Logic and Rhetoric, Laws of Figurative Language , Moral Philosophy, Exercises in Reading and Grammar.

Senior Class: Political Economy, Mental Philosophy, Natural Theology, Evidence of Christianity.

Rhetoric was taught each Saturday. There were four subjects which rotated: Latin translation, Essays, Greek translation, and Declamation.

School expenses during this period were cheap with respect to the expenses today. Board was $120, tuition $50, Fuel $10 ( each man had to have his own fire), Room rent $5, Deposit for damages $2, Printing .50. A total of $187.50 for the whole school year.

But now we must face a sad moment for education in the South. The Civil War had come and with its coming Richmond College and many others closed their doors, not to be opened until 1866.

Many were the strong characters who were graduated from 1849-1861. Not to mention names, consider the fields of activity. Of the sixty-seven men who got their degrees thirty became ministers, eight were teachers, one a physician, two professors, three attorneys-atlaw, two law students, six farmers, one tobacconist, eight did graduate work at the University of Virginia, six unaccounted for. Five of these also became college presidents: Dr. Tiberius Gracchus Jones, President of Richmond College; Dr. William Carey Crane,

President of Baylor University, Waco, Texas; Dr. William H. Ryland, President of Bethel College, Kentucky; Dr. Charles E. Taylor, President of Wake Forest College, N. C.; Dr. Charles L. Cocke, founder and president of Hollins College, Va.

And so the curtain falls on the first period of Richmond College.

Many students of Richmond College entered the War of 1861 and gave their lives in Confederate service. The buildings of the institution were used as barracks and as a hospital by the Southern army until the capture of Richmond in 1865, when they served the same purpose for the Northern army. The treatment of the buildings by the soldiers left them in great need of repairs. The library had been removed by a surgeon of the Northern army supposedly for protection, but little of it was ever returned. The funds which had been raised by the College for endowment and other purposes were patriotically invested in Confederate bonds which were worthless at the end of the war. The campus was valued at one hundred thousand dollars-and this was all that was left of the school except a little property that was located in Chicago, which they were forced later to sell.

In 1865, in an attempt to get a start, Professors Ryland and Dabney opened a private school in the college buildings.

When on October 1, 1866, the College reopened, the motivating force behind it again was the General Association of Virginia Baptists They had started a movement for obtaining $100,000, and the Board of Trustees had appointed a President, T. C. Jones, and four professors, Edmund Harrison, Professor of Latin and French; H. H. Harris, Greek and German; Edward B. Smith, Mathematics; B. Puryear, Professor of Natural Science.

The College opened under a revised conception in the field of education. A Com-

mittee on Reorganization made five recommendations:

Fi rst : There were to be independent s ch ools , a diploma in each school being evidence of satisfactory work. Eventually there were eight of these schools (Latin , Physics, Greek, Mathematics , Chemistry, Modern Languages , English, Philosophy) graduation in all of them giving the student the degree of Master of Arts.

S econ d : The English language was to be put on a parity with the ancient and modern languages Among all the colleges of the land, Richmond College wa s the first ( or possibly the second) to make this change Thir d: Discipline was to be maintained "not so much by minute regulations as by cultivating among the students the sentiment of personal honor and responsibility " F ou rt h: Attendance upon religious exercises was to be made voluntary Fifth: A messing system was to be introduced. This change was suggested by economic conditions that resulted from the Civil War. (The First Hu nd red Y ea-rs,pages 40-41.)

A picture of the College's setting can be found in one of the bulletins issued by the college during this period . "The premises " ( on Lombardy) "cover thirteen acres, just within the western limits of the city, a quarter which, on account of its elevation and natural beauty, is devoted mainly to private residences From the main building the ground falls on all sides to the surrounding streets . There is an abundant water supply, both from wells and from the city reservoir, and a complete system of drainage. The principal building is one of the most imposing structures in the state and its center tower commands a fine view of the city and its environs. The dormitories are 18 x 14 feet, high-pitched, well lighted, and ventilated by open fire places."

The school in its first year of reopening added three subjects in the modern Language department. These were German, Spanish and English. In this period History was considered a part of the English department, and so we find Weber's Outline and Students' Hume listed under the School of English. The Commercial Department which was added the following year included Bookkeeping, Penmanship, and Commercial Arithmetic and granted a Certificate of Proficiency to those who finished the work. In 1870 a Law De-

23]

partment was added to the curriculum. The courses included were International and Constitutional Law, Equitable Jurisprudence, and Municipal Law. In 1872 a School of Mechanics was founded which was included under the department of Physics in 1873. In '73 the department of Philosophy supplanted the school of Moral Science and Philosophy.

Four degrees were offered at this time: Proficient; Graduate in a School; Bachelor of Arts, and Master of Arts. In order to obtain these last two, besides the class work (Graduate in 5 Schools for B.A. and 8 schools for M.A.), each student was required to prepare an oration, which he would deliver at the commencement exercises if called upon to do so.

Besides growing in departments and classes, the College was at the same time adding other features of interest. In 1871 the Woods Medal was first offered. This was given to student who excelled in the field of Declamation. Two years later the Frances Gwin Medal was offered to the best student in the Department of Philosophy, which had just been added to the College curriculum. During the following year the Steel Prize was offered, a medal for the best reader. The Tanner Medal for the student most proficient in Greek was first offered in 1872-73.

In 1874 the Mu Sigma Rho and Philologian Literary Societies cooperated with the Faculty in founding the College Museum. Mentioned as recent gifts to this museum in the catalogue of 1875-76 were: The Mummy of an Egyptian Priestess, Ancient Papyrus, Etruscan vases, Egyptian and Roman bronzes. The catalogue of the following years gives the yearly contributions.

During this same period two other degrees were offered. The degree of Bachelor of Science was given to students who were graduated in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, who had a proficiency in one modern language

and had passed Intermediate English and Junior Philosophy. This was in 1886. Three years later the Bachelor of Laws degree was offered those students who had passed all subjects in the School of Law and who had a proficiency in the general field of education.

The school was growing, not by leaps and bounds, but slowly and steadily. More classes, better library facilities, larger endowment, a gradual increase in the number of students, all these are to be observed in this period before the turn of the century. One drastic change in administrative policy occurred. In 1869 the office of President was discontinued and his duties devolved upon one of the Faculty who was yearly elected as Chairman. Of these years Dr. George Braxton Taylor says (In the First Hundred Years, page 64), "In a very true sense every year of the history of Richmond College has been prosperous. When young people, whether many or few, are going forth, to take their places for service in the busy world, with the equipment for this service, given by a wise alma mater, surely years sending forth such a blessed, living stream are prosperous years. Yet if the number of sons the mother is sending forth is increased while their training has been less but even more thorough, then in a larger sense she has reached a period of prosperity."

Several persons now enter the scene who are familiar to the college today. In 1886 William Asbury Harris received his M.A. from Richmond College. R. E. Gaines was appointed as Professor of Mathematics in 1890. In 1896 as Professor of Latin and Instructor of History S. C. Mitchell joined the faculty. And the same year R. E. Loving was appointed instructor of Latin and Mathematics. The following year Professor Loving received his M.A. from Richmond College.

* * *

The administration of the college m the years previous to the war had been m the

Dr. Tib eri us Gracchus J ones

S econd P resident of Richmond Coll eg e, 1866-1869

hands of a President, and for the first four post-war years the same system was used. At that time, 1869, the Board of Trustees saw fit to place the administration in the hands of the faculty with a Chairman at its head, elected annually Professors H. H. Harris and B. Puryear had filled this chair for twenty-five years. Without a doubt the school had grown under this system. With this growth, however, new problems of management arose, which gave the Trustees reason to believe that advantages

in administration could be obtained by returning to the old form-that is, the Presidency. Their choice for the position was Frederic William Boatwright.

Frederic William Boatwright was born at White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, on June 28, 1868. He began work as a printer ' s devil at the age of 12 and at the age of 15 set out on horseback, for Richmond College, from Powhatan Court House, Virginia, where his father was then pastor. He entered as a stu-

[ 25}

dent of Latin, Greek, and Mathematics. In June of 1888 he received ·his Master of Arts degree and was appointed the following fall as assistant instructor in Greek and Director of Gymnasium. Two years later he was appointed Professor of Modern Languages, which department had just been added to the school. The previous year he had spent abroad, studying at the Halle, Sorbonne and Leipsic Universities. He accepted the Presidency in 1895 and is now in his 45th year as head of the institution.

The new President undertook his · duties under very trying circumstances. The older professors of the Faculty, in revolution against the new appointment all resigned, with the exception of R. E. Gaines. Most of them returned to their positions, however. Some of the "Right Wing" students, entering into the spirit of the situation, kindled a barnfire and burned the new president in effigy. But these were not the only discouraging notes. In 1894, the year of his appointment, Dr. Charles H. Ryland, Financial Secretary of Richmond College, said in his report: "No year during my service has equaled that which now closes in uncertainty and anxiety. The unrest, paralysis, and shrinkage which have marked the past twelve months in all commercial matters have been unparalleled in pervasiveness and severity My public and private appeals for money have met with only expressions of sympathy and regret." ( First One Hundred Y ears1 page 71.)

As Dr. Pitt has said: "It was a trying experience through which the young President passed. He stood every test and met the embarrassing difficulties of the situation with a manliness and unfailing good sense which won for him the approval and admiration of the Board. In a few years, as he went about his work modestly, genially, energetically, prejudices were disarmed and the wisdom of choosing him was fully justified. The later history

of the institution . . . is and will continue to be a high tribute to his wise, farseeing, able and unselfish leadership."

President Boatwright realized that the first necessity for further growth was in adequate equipment. And in the face of economic unrest he began a campaign for money with which to erect a Science Building. This was accomplished, fully paid for, in 1898. The year following an additional dormitory was added to the school.

The next step, having a far-sighted objective, was opening the school for girls. In June of 1898 the Board of Trustees permitted the entrance of female students on the following conditions:

1. In order to be admitted to matriculation, female students must have attained the age of eighteen years.

2. They must show by examination or otherwise , to the satisfaction of the President, that they are prepared to enter with profit at least three of the following classes, viz. Intermediate Latin, Greek and Mathematics, Senior English, German and French, Junior Philosophy, Chemistry, Physics and Literature.

3. Those who fulfill these conditions may elect any of the courses offered in the academic departments of the college and will be eligible to all distinctions and diplomas, and to the degrees of Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Arts, and Master of Arts on the same conditions that apply to male students.

4 Female students will be required to pay usual college fees.

5 The College authorities cannot undertake to provide dormitory facilities for women . Those who do not reside with parents or relatives must board at some place approved by the President.

In 1898-99 four women matriculated in Richmond College, a beginning which was later to develop into Westhampton College.

Before leaving this period it is interesting to note the outline of studies which led to the Bachelor of Arts degree. Classical education was still the major emphasis, and only after the turn of the century was it slowly pushed into a secondary place. The Richmond College Catalogue for 1897-98 gives the following outline of courses:

Bachelor of Arts

Selection I

First year: Latin , Greek, English, Mathematics.

Dr. Frederick W. Boatwright President since 1895

Second year: Latin, Greek, Philosophy, Mathematics.

Third year: Latin, Greek, English, Chemistry.

Fourth year: Greek, English, Mathematics or Philosophy.

Selection II

First year: Latin, French, English, Mathematics.

Second year: Latin, French, Mathematics, Philosophy.

Third Year: Latin, German, English, Chemistry or Physics.

Fourth year: German, English, Mathematics or Philosophy.

Selection III

First year: Latin, French, English, Mathematics.

Second Year: Latin, French, Chemistry, Mathematics.

Third year: Latin, German, Mathematics, English.

Fourth year: Germany, English, Philosophy.

Selection IV

first year: Latin, French, English, Mathematics.

Second year: Latin, French, English, Mathematics.

Third year: German, Mathematics, Chemistry, Philosophy.

Fourth year: Latin, German, English, Philosophy or Mathematics.

In approaching the present century we are faced with many changes in the field of education. The colleges of the land were faced with the necessity of accommodating the increasing number of graduates which broader principle of education had released from high school.

Moreover, there was a growing demand that the same educational facilities be opened to women as they were for men. Specialization in certain fields of work were making demands that schools train men more adequately for those fields. The resources of the nation were becoming more stabilized, and young people were discovering that in order to compete for a place in life they would have to prepare themselves adequately. But there was no magical "Open Sesame" by which the colleges could meet these needs spontaneously.

In order to make a start towards better education the Trustees of Richmond College established in 1902 two secondary schools for boys, the Richmond Academy and the Newport News Academy.

Five years later, in cooperation with the

Baptist Education Commiss,ion, Richmond College collected in subscriptions $350,000 to meet a conditional subscription of $150,000 from the General Educational Board of New York. Four hundred thousand dollars of this money was to be used as endowment for a Woman's College, and the remaining $100,000 was to be spent in buildings. In 1910 the Trustees voted to purchase a site in the western suburbs of the city, the present site of the school, and two years later the land, 284 acres, had been acquired and $925,000 set aside for buildings.

Nineteen hundred fourteen was the year. The new school opened with seven buildings: Library and Administration Building, Ref ectory, two Dormitories, Power House, Science Building (beside the Power House), Audi-

Original College Building on Old Campus [ 28]

torium (present playhouse) and a Stadium. The new Chemistry Building was added in 1927, Physics Building in 1930, Millhiser Gymnasium in 1923 and Biology Building in 1933. At the same time (1914) Westhampton College, a part of Richmond College and under the same Board of Trustees, was founded, Miss May Lansfield Keller, Ph.D., being appointed as Dean. The same opportunities were offered to women as to men.

The same year the plan of three-hour courses was instituted, a Dean-Dr. John Calvin Metcalf-was listed among the college personnel, and Mr. B. West Tabb became Registrar and Treasurer.

Sometimes the darkest hour comes after the dawn, for hardly had the new College gotten into harness before the World War came. The Board of Trustees gave the college over to the War Department for use as a hospital, for the wounded returning to Newport News. This location was selected because it was inland enough to be outside of the malarial area of the seacoast. Officers and physicians occupied the two dormitories. The Science Build~ngwas used as barracks and hospital. Nurses stayed at a building on the Westhampton campus. While here, the War Department built the building behind Jeter Hall which is now used by the Y.M.C.A. During 1918-19 college classes were held in the buildings on the old campus and other buildings of the vicinity.

Following the war several steps in advancement were taken. Summer School was offered

m 1920, Mr. W. L. Prince, director. The same year Richmond College and its associate schools were chartered as the University of Richmond. In 1921 the Graduate Department was organized. The Evening School of Business Administration was added in 1924. Several changes have taken place in the administrative personnel from 1914 to date. In 1924 Mr. B. W. Tabb became Vice-President and Treasurer. The Deans have been as follows: 1918-20, R. E. Loving; 1920-22, R. E. Gaines; 1922-24, W. L. Prince, Dean of Freshmen, R. E. Gaines, Dean of Faculty; 19241933, W. L. Prince, Dean and Registrar; 19331940, Raymond B. Pinchbeck, Dean. In 1931, Dr. R. E. Gaines was appointed Chairman of the Committee on graduate students. In 1938 Dr. B. C. Holtzclaw took over this task.

In summing up the growth of the school let us look at the :figuresfor the last 44 years: 1895

Students . . . . . . . 183 Faculty . . . . . . . . 9

Endowment .... $328,867.00

Value of Campus

Property 400,000.00

Income from Endowment 15,790.52

Income from Students . . . . . . . 13,776.66

Total annual Expenditures ( and reserve) . 30,000.00

Debts . . . . . . . . . None 1939 1,948 98 $2,815,962.97 2,695,010.45 103,833.53 345,637.98 448,372.10 None

MOONYGETSTHEFIDGETS

By BILL MANER

There wasn't anything that you could see, except a little yellow crack under the door where the light came through. That's how dark it was. Moony was in no mood for trifling around, but there wasn't anything he could do about it. He was outside and Dula Mae was inside, and there wasn't anything but the thin walls keeping them apart.

Moony sat quietly for a few minutes and blew his breath out carefully, trying to see his frosty breath. Then he whistled.

Somebody moved around inside. He heard a chair scrape on the rough floor. There was a tremor of voices inside.

"You' re as bothered as a chicken tonight, Dula Mae. 'Tain't nothin' but a screech owl."

"I know, Ma."

A handful of sparks threw themselves out of the night and disappeared into the black. Mbony could hear somebody poking up the fire inside. He whistled again.

'Tm goin' out and get some more wood, Ma."

"Set down, Dula Mae. Don't need no wood."

'Tm goin' out and get some water, anyway."

"There's water on the table. In that jar."

There was another scraping sound, a few footsteps, and then everything was quiet again.

"That old woman knows there ain't no screech owl out here," Moony mumbled to himself. "She jus' don't want me seein' Dula Mae." He kicked at the stump with the back of his heavy shoe, and dug his hands deep in his pockets. "But I jus' gotta see her."

He got up from his stump and walked around nervously, squeezing his fists in his pockets. There was another shuffle inside, and

another handful of sparks whirled out of the dark and into it again.

'Tm goin' to bed, Ma."

"You gotta sit up for your pa and help him."

"What'd he go night huntin' again for? He's gonna get caught sometime."

"We've gotta set up and help him dress the meat when he comes."

"I don't wanna dress any more deer meat. I'm gettin' tired of dressin' meat two, three times a week. Pa better be careful. Mister Juno's gonna catch him some night."

"Your pa knows the swamp so well he could get away from anybody. He knows it better than the deer do."

Moony fidgeted outside. "I ain't gonna sit out here in the frost for nothin'. That old woman can't keep Dula Mae from comin' out if she don't wantun stay in."

He moved over to the house, and rapped on the porch floor with his pocketknife. There was a sudden silence inside, and Moony felt his hands cold from sweat and the muscles in his legs tighten.

"Who is it? What d'yuh want?"

"It's me, Mrs. Best. Moony."

There was a scrape inside. This time it was a definite movement. The light under the door began to move, and the latch clicked. The door squeaked open and the old woman appeared at the door, holding a lamp with a smutty chimney and peering out.

"You get away from here, Moony Bassett. Won't do you no good to come hollerin' round here like a screech owl. Dula Mae ain't comin' out to see you."

"I gotta see Dula Mae, ma'am."

"Go on home, man. You ain't gonna do no good around here." [ 30 J

"Ma, what you hold against Moony ?"

"He's no count, and you ain't gonna 'sociate with him."

"I been up to Columbia. I brung Dula J\1ae a dress. Cost dollar and a half." He pulled a crumpled paper bag out of his coat pocket.

"Put it on the porch and go on away."

"Here's some sweet rolls I brung you from Manuel's store."

"Put them there with the dress and go away. I don't want you hangin' round here. Dula Mae's too good for you."

"Ma, Moony's all right. What you got against him?"

"He ain't nothin' but a swamp nigger."

Moony looked at the two women standing in the lamplight, and got madder and madder. Then the door was shut and it was dark again. A moment later the door opened again and Ma came out, picked up the packages on the floor of the porch, and walked quickly back in.

Moony jerked the wax paper off the package of cinnamon buns he had bouught for Ma, and gnawed angrily at a corner. He thought about Dula Mae's legs , dark against the light of the fire inside, as she stood behind her mother at the door. The more he thought, the madder he got. He walked around the yard, kicking at the dirt and cussing himself and Ma. Especially Ma.

He walked around the cabin and just as he got to the front again he heard somebody running . He stood still, in the middle of the yard and listened to the footsteps running toward him. He couldn't see a thing, but he heard somebody breathing hard and all of a sudden somebody ran into him.

Both of them fell in a heap.

"Oh, good Lord, they catched me."

" Say! Who you, try in' to run into me? " Moony picked himself up and dragged the other man with him.

"Who is you? Git out of my way."

"What you want, old man?"

"Lemme in the house."

"Hey. It's Dula Mae's pa."

"Let go of me, man."

"What you runnin' from, old man?"

"Who is you?"

"It's Moony."

"Oh. Moony. Great Lord. I thought you was the game warden. I thought they done had me sho'. Lemme get in the house."

There was a click, and the door opened again.

' 'That you, Sam Best?''

"It's me, Ma."

"What's the matter?"

"The warden done catched me at last."

"Did he see you?"

"I don't know for sho'. I shot a little doe down in the swamp and was bringin' it out when I heard a car runnin'. I didn't bother 'bout nothin'. Jus' drop the deer and start runnin'. They seed me runnin' but I don' know whether they recognize me or not."

"Here come a car now, pa," Dula Mae said from the door.

They looked. They hear~ the purr of the motor, and saw the reflection of the headlights playing through the high weeds and fading in the black sky.

"Lemme hide."

Moony grabbbed his arm.

"Set here on the step. Ac' like you was jus' settin' here talkin'. Give him your pipe, old woman.''

They watched the lights get closer and listened to the motor purr louder. The car turned into the yard and threw its light on the house and the group on the step. The light made black shadows under the house, and woke a black hound, who came sleepily out from the chimney base and barked at the car.

"Shut up, you Rambler. Get back under there." Sam kicked at the dog and got up and moved to the car. [ 31]

"Sam Best," said the voice from the car.

"Y assuh. Evenin', Mr. Juno."

"What you been doin' tonight, Sam?"

"Suh?"

"Where you been tonight?"

"He ain't been nowhere, Mr. Juno. He been right here talkin' to me all night, suh."

"Moony, what are you doing around here?"

"I come over here to see Sam's Dula Mae, but I ain't had no luck. He been settin' there talkin' all night so I can't get her by herself."

"No luck, eh Moony ?"

"No suh."

"Haven't heard any night hunters around here, have you?"

"No suh. We ain't heard nothin'. No suh."

"Somebody was shooting over there. But when we got there they was gone. Thought I saw them once, but he disappeared. Didn't get a good look at him.''

"We ain't heard nothin'."

"Well, he's around somewhere. We'll find him."

The car backed into the road, the lights cut-

Some spring day I shall go mad.

That warm, moist, too-sweet melancholy Which ever haunts me through the afternoons of May

Will come as it always does, Sweeping inward with my breathing, Rippling a soothing excitement over me, Murmuring in my ears. It will fill my sighing lungs and my heart to bursting,

ting a sharp circle of light against the trees and the stable. The lights moved on down the road. The negroes watched it until it was nothing but a faint glow, then it disappeared, too. Moony looked at Dula Mae and then at her Ma. He felt fidgety again. Her Ma looked at him.

" You can get on away from here now like I told you."

"But I done made the warden leave. Ain't Dula Mae gonna come out and set with me?"

"Get on down the road, nigger. Sam, come on in the house and get to bed. Don' forget to bring in your gun. Go home, you."

Sam, Ma, and Dula Mae went in the house and shut the door. All Moony could see was the crack of yellow light under the door. A handful of sparks sprinkled in the night.

11oony' s palms were sweating again, and the muscles in his legs tightened again. His jaws twitched, and he was breathing hard. He started down the road, and pretty soon he was running as hard as he could. He had to do something. He couldn't set still and think about Dula Mae.

Well up through my breast, Flow with my surging blood, Glide on my tingling nerves, Until it plays its unutterable symphony On every thrilling, throbbing fiber of me. And then the symphony will reach a crescendo Of soundless melody, And I shall lie shattered, Like a fragment of fine glass.

S.G.M. [ 32]

As retold by

LA WREN CE B. SHEFFIELD, JR.

The arrival of a slave ship at Dutch Gap was always a very gala occasion, and although Mr. C-- already had more slaves than anyone in the county, he never missed an auction unless the weather was unusually disagreeable. It was a beautiful summer morning in 1857 when Mr. and Mrs. C-- decided to drive over and watch the proceedings at the block, as well as see all their old friends again. Shortly after six o'clock, the lunch basket was pushed under the carriage seat, and they set out for Dutch Gap. It was a good three-hour drive, and when they arrived, the selling was just getting under way. Practically the whole county, as well as quite a number from the adjoining county, had gathered to watch the procedure, and catch up on the local gossip. Toward noon the last slave was brought out, and a gasp of awe went through the crowd. The men gathered closer around the block to see the unusual and magnificent giant negro which was being displayed before the openmouthed audience.

This huge, ebony giant stood well over eight feet tall and weighed close to three hundred pounds. He was squarely built, well proportioned, and seemed to be capable of doing the work of at least three or four ordinary slaves. The bidding began at fifty dollars, which was very rare indeed, and soon reached two hundred dollars with four men still com-

the auction, but there was probably no other black in the South like him.

When the C--s decided to head back to the plantation, they had the problem of taking this immense negro with them. That morning they had not planned to purchase any more slaves and had only brought their light phaeton, which could not possibly hold the thre of them. In fact, if the enormous fell ow rode, there would not even be room for either of them, and therefore, he had to follow the carriage all the way to the plantation. It was during this ride that the new owners bestowed the name of July on their recently acquired prize, in honor of the month of the purchase.

Upon reaching the slave quarters, the second major difficulty presented itself and was coped with. None of the slave huts were tall enough for July to stand upright in without butting the roof, and he could barely squeeze through their doors. For this reason, in addition to the fact that all the other slaves were afraid of him, he was given the loft of the old mill for his quarters. He was a very capable fellow and soon could speak a few words of English, as well as do all the necessary work around the mill, such as keeping it in repair and grinding the grain. His strength was a great asset in this work, and he easily took the place of three men. It was nothing at all for him to pick up a flour barrel under each arm and carry them with ease. In his spare time, peting. The offers came to three hundred, during the summer, July kept a small garden four hundred, and after nearly an hour of and raised a few vegetables which he would wrangling, the slave was sold to Mr. C-- bring to the big house once a week in exchange for five hundred and seventy-five dollars. This for coffee, sugar, and a few other staples was the only slave that he had bought during which he could not provide for himself.

[ 33}

After several years, the Civil War came, and all the men left the plantation to fight for the Southern cause, leaving Mrs. C-- and her daughter to take care of things as best they could. As time wore on, food supplies became more scarce, and the big house could not spare as much food as had previously been given to the slaves. Northern influence, however, soon persuaded the slaves to forsake the old plantation, and only July remained faithful, but even he alone had slim rations from the big house.

Mrs. C-- and her daughter, being the only ones in the old mansion, always kept the windows well boarded up and the doors barred. During the course of the war, the visits of July became less and less frequent, first by two weeks, then three weeks, a month, etc. One morning after an absence of nearly two months, July came tho the big house and asked for food and was told that there was none to spare. He again said he wanted food, and with that, Mrs. C-- struck him across the face with the buggy whip that she always carried to the door with her. In the moment between the striking with the whip and the slamming and barring of the door, she received a piercing pitiful look from July which stood prominently in her mind for a long time. That was, however, the last time that July ever came to the mansion.

Several months after the war had ended and the men folks had come back, only one having been killed, two of them decided to go over to the old mill pond and do a bit of fishing. During the later part of the afternoon, having caught a nice mess of perch and bass, they went to take a peep into the mill and see how time had left it. With difficulty, they pulled the well-built old door open and went in. The floor was covered with nearly an inch of dust which puffed up in clouds as they walked through it. Everything being in fairly good order, one of the men climbed up the loft

ladder to see what, if anything, old July had left. As his head came above the floor level and he saw the quarters of old July, he gasped, and in his horror, let go of the ladder and f e!l to the floor. All he could say as he gained his feet was, "Damned, let's get out of here!"

In their rush from the mill, they forgot their fish, and it wasn't until they had nearly reached home that John told his companion what he had seen. July was up in the loft dead, and he had turned green. His huge, halfnaked body was lying on the bed with his head and one arm hanging over the side. His mouth and eyes were wide open, and he seemed to be expressionlessly staring into space, and worst of all, he had become a sickly and awful, green color. Beside him was an upset pot whose slimy green contents had run out over the floor and was probably some conglomeration of herbs, plants, and berries upon which he had tried to keep alive, or, perhaps it was a mixture whose formula had come from the darkest parts of Africa, and whose power was known only to July himself.

The following day, however, found a group of eight or ten men going over to the old mill to witness this strange sight and to give July a decent burial. Upon entering the structure they found everything exactly as it had been left the day before, and after a bit of comment and discussion they lowered him with great difficulty from the loft. He was then carried some forty or fifty yards to the base of a huge oak tree, where a six-foot hole had been dug. With little ceremony, they dropped him in and soon had the grave filled and mounded. Temptation then persuaded them to take the remaining hours of morning for a bit of fishing which, by the way, turned out very successfully.

Some months later, on a dark Saturday evening, as the village gossipers were coming together for their weekly soiree, one man, indeed, had a very singular experience. As he

was riding along the road that bordered Mr. C--'s property, he all at once found himself breaking out in cold sweat with chills running up and down the length of his spine. His horse began to side step and balk, and to climax the event, a hoarse, horrible whisper came from behind saying, 'Tll pizen yuh, I'll pizen yuh." With this, the old mare broke loose, barely keeping her rider, and didn't stop until the village had been reached. Upon hearing this account, the skeptical gathering laid the blame to that last drink that had been too much for the imagination, even though the fell ow swore he hadn't had one that evening.

A similar experience was had a couple weeks later by the village parson, a man whom the people deeply respected and believed. Coming along that same road in his buggy one night, in the dark of the moon, his horse began to prance and act up in an unusually wild manner. Cold sweat broke over the clergyman, and chills ran up and down his back. He also heard that hoarse whisper, ' Tll pizen yuh, I'll pizen yuh." Just as the horse started pell-mell down the road, the parson had courage to look back, and all that he saw, or thought he saw, was a weird, green glow which seemed to flit from one tree to another. It looked as if it were a green face, but he was so excited, he could not be certain.

It wasn't long after this, that some of the

men of the village were beckoned to the unfrequented old mill pond to try their luck again at fishing. Just before their arrival at.the peaceful spot, their attention was attracted to a curious looking old oak tree some distance from the mill. To their astonishment, it seemed to be neither dead nor alive. There were no leaves on the tree, but every limb and every little branch was parasited upon by some sort of green slime which hung as the leaves of the weeping willow. The underlying ground was blanketed by a dull green ooze, making the whole scene rather repulsive to the eye. Climaxing the sight was the discovery that July had been buried under this very tree the summer before, and that his grave was now as open as the hour it was dug, except for the prevalent green slime.

For two weeks the tree stood, attracting curious and disbelieving people from all over the county, and during the night at the end of that time, a tremendous storm blew up. A bolt of lightning exploded the once majestic oak and left merely a gaunt landmark, even cleansed of the slime.

Thus the story of old July was handed down to the present generation, and still, it is said, does the ghost of old July roam in that vicinity and frighten people by coming up from behind and muttering in their ear, 'Tll pizen yuh, I'll pizen yuh."

Spring is dust on the wing Of a soaring bumble bee

Nothing but a quick flight Into honeyed memory. Nothing but a delightful sting Is this insect we call Spring.

BETSY WOODSON.

[ 35}

UponReadin9an Gntltolo9~ o!?node'z.nVe'z.se

In former days it did not faze

The literary gents

To write a verse, however terse, Which rhymed and made some sense. But nowadays not one obeys

The rules of rhyme and meter; They think a norm of boundless form

Makes verses sound the sweeter.

Today we find the modern mind

And sees an inspiring cornea

And larynx and pharynx And liver and bowels And kidneys and jowls

And other personal property until one is Mentally unskinned.

They adore such fluctuation Yet ignore all punctuation They begin a piece winked too much and were afraid of snakes and let it cease hanging

Is still inclined toward verse; in the

But even the few who still make lines rhyme air don't bother much about the meter and consequently end up with lines like this or they claim periods and commas even worse. get in their hair

And they love alliteration

Pertaining to pride of parents and photographed persons and peepers in pastures and perspicacity of power and pressure of perspiration.

Sometimes their rhymes

Will duplicate Or redundate

Until one knows

A nose is a nose is a nose is a nose.

These writers seem crazy

For reasons quite hazy

Over onomatapoeia

Like whistling whooshes of wailing wind.

The realist's anotherHe looks at his mother

but after writing in the new style awhile

i see why so much modern poetry is turned loose on the public it is all so plain to me now it is so damned much easier!

We praise the feats of the heroes of old In tale and ballad; Yet neglect the man who peels the grapes For the canned fruit salad.

1'Li9idit~

What's the coldest thing on earth? " The Arctic," some declare. Others say, attempting mirth, " Inside the Frigidaire."

They named the Playhouse even more Than Admiral Byrd's front lawn; But I vote for the bathroom floor An hour before the dawn!

She knew he couldn't stand again To hear that Blue Room bull, They had to go outside because All rooms and seats were full.

The walk was cold, and so was she, An icy combination; So when he heard the bell he knew that he had foolishly spent another typical Sunday night at Westhampton.

A date room after vespers is A prize for running fast; His date was very dainty, so When they arrived at last

The Blue Room teemed with silly yaps, The hall with button-pushers; Out in the cloisters all the gaps Were occupied by mushers.

"College hasn't done much good," My teacher once declared, " When seniors still add x to x And get x 2."

Ye ed, WALTER E. BASS, extends the thanks of the staff to the following persons for their assistance in helping him compile the facts for his article "1840-1940": Joseph E. Nettles, the Library Staff, Miss Shelton of the Treasurer's office, and all others who have helped by reference or statement. . . . . BILL MANER comes through again with another of his delightful prose pieces " Mr. Moony Gets the Fidgets." S. G. M. whose poems and stories have adorned THE MESSENGERfor several years turns out to be none other than the silent Phi Beta SIDNEY GRANT MORTON. The parables were knocked out on the typewriter by two new comers JACK NOFF-

SINGER and STUART GRIZZARD. These two, along with LA WREN CE SHEFFIELD, of this issue's ghost story, are new contributors to the pages of THE MESSENGER. . . . KIRA NICHOLSKY turns her hand to prose for "Heavy Boughs." P. P SAUNIER, with tongue in cheek, supplies the belly laughs as always.

FLORENCE LAFOON did the first story "As a Man Thinketh" as well as the illustration on the cover. A very gifted gal, we say. PHIL COOKE turns from ghosts and murder to poetry for this book. His "I, Peter Ellyson" of several issues ago has undergone a reprint in the F.S.T.Cs magazine The Colonnade . . . . . Well, that winds up this column as well as this issue . S'long.

NoTE: The picture of Dr. Mitchell in the December i•ssue was furnished by Carlson Thomas.

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HERE'S ROY CONACHER (No. 9), HIGH - SCORING FORWARD OF THE BOSTON BRUINS, WORLD CHAMPIONS of '39 ... IN THIS ACTION SHOT he's come in like a bullet from an express rifle he takes a pass. But the opposition's defense srops him-this time.

AGAl!'-1a furious flash of speed a split-second of stick inagic and the puck shoots home for the goal that wins the match.

SPEED'SFINE IN HOCKEY BUT NOT IN CIGARETTES.

HE'S AWAY! He burns up the ice-a spectacular solo dash nimbly he dodges the defense draws out the goalie and scores.

His hockey's fast and hot!

.BUT HE SMOKES A SLOW-BURNING

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I LIKESLOW-BURNING CAMELS••• THEY'RE MILDERAND COOLER

When it's easy-chair time after the hockey match, you'll find Roy Conacher of the Bruins enjoying a milder, cooler, more fragrant, and flavorful cigarette Camels, of course.

"SPEED'S fine in hockey but not in cigarettes" -Roy, how right you are!

Research men may use fancier language - but they say exactly the same thing about cigarettes.

Scientists know that nothing destroys a cigarette's delicat~ elements of fragrance and flavor so mercilessly as-excess heat. And cigarettes that burn fast also burn hot. Your own taste tells you that. Slow-burning cigarettes don't burn

away these precious natural elements of flavor and fragrance. They're milder, mellower, and-naturally-cooler!

And the slowest-burning cigarette of the 16 largest-selling brands tested was Camel they burned 25% slower than the average of the 15 others. (See panel at right.) Why not enjoy Camel's extra mildness, coolness, fragrance, and flavor? And extra smoking equal to 5 extra smokes per pack. ( Again, eyes right!)

In recent laboratory tests, Camels burned 25% · slower than the average of the 15 other of the largest-selling brands tested-slower than any of them. That means, on the average, a smoking plus equal to

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