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We can never truly know what tomorrow holds, but as our days continue to regain a sense of normalcy, we can begin to consider how best to chart a path forward. In recent years, current events have demanded a hyper focus on the present moment and, at times, obscured the road ahead. This issue, we set our sights on the future. Take a tour of the cutting-edge facilities at the University of Hawaiâi West Oâahu, where a new generation of content creators are navigating the uncharted landscape of new media. Find snapshots from Expo 2020 Dubaiâa worldâs fair designed to showcase the achievements of nations around the worldâand the infrastructure that will remain as part of a forward-thinking urban development called District 2020. Also inside, hear how Worldwide Walls is using NFTs (nonfungible tokens, which have taken the art world by storm) to fund arts education and community beautification efforts in Honoluluâs Kalihi-PÄlama neighborhood.
We also step into the mind and studio of artist Solomon Enos, whose fantastical visions for Indigenous futures offer lessons for right now. Because in the end, we look forward in order to not only chart a course for the next generation, but to imagine how we might live better today.
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A moment with Allen Freese in a loft space on Hotel Street in Chinatown, captured by
102 16 TABLE OF CONTENTS ARTS 22 Escapist Activism 34 Token of Goodwill BUSINESS 44 The Learning Curve CULTURE 56 Beyond Borders DESIGN 70 Building for Tomorrow 80 Downtown Dapper 94 Feels Like Home ESCAPES 102 Future Perfect 118 Human Nature FARE 132 Baked with Aloha 80 ON THE COVER
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Text by Jade Snow
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In the fantastic cultural multiverse of artist
Solomon Enos, a vision of harmony and hope reigns.
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The home studio of Native Hawaiian artist Solomon Enos is an unassuming trove of wonders. An Oculus virtual reality headset is nestled amid paint cans splattered in earthy hues. A hardcover copy of The Epic Tale of Hiâiakaikapoliopele (his breathtaking illustration of the eponymous goddess on its cover) is sandwiched on a congested shelf, its load suspended precariously above the board game Warhammer and a crate of handmade sculptures. An army of tiny figurines stands en masse atop the shelf, where a moâo (lizard) creeps among vines growing through the wood. âI am as organized as a forest,â he laughs.
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24 A PALM ARTS Solomon Enos
For the last 15 years, artist Solomon Enos has been exploring a simple but endlessly evocative question: What would it be like if Hawaiâi had never been interrupted by Western contact?
The world of Polyfantastica is populated by reimagined life forms with dynamic abilities and characteristics of both flora and fauna.
Fittingly, nature is where Enosâ story begins. Growing up, Enos was immersed in a sense of kuleana (responsibility) to the âÄina (land) through the work of his father, Eric, a talented Hawaiian artist who founded the nonprofit Kaâala Cultural Learning Center in Waiâanae Valley in 1978. There, the Enos family welcomed volunteers, often troubled by addiction and broken homes, and worked tirelessly to restore the valley and heal their community. In caring for the land and teaching valuable resource management, they also passed on Hawaiian knowledge in the process.
Though his spirit remained connected to the âÄina, Enosâ imagination wandered. âMy brothers wanted to do things outside growing up, but I wanted to go inside,â Enos says, gesturing to himself. He had a natural talent for art in his youth, which caught the attention of close family and friends. He recalls the advice of Uncle Eddie KaâanÄâanÄ, a beloved Kaâala partner and famed kalo farmer, who took notice of the boyâs earliest works. While up in the mountains one day, when Enos was about 12 years old, Uncle Eddie pulled him aside. âHe took my hand, closed his eyes for maybe 15 seconds,â Enos remembers, âand said, âSolomon, if youâre given a gift and you donât share it, itâs going to make you sick.ââ That profound statement stayed with him ever since and has guided his lifelong practice of art and activism.
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26 ARTS Solomon Enos
Enos finds endless inspiration in the juxtaposition of oppositesâtradition and technology, urban and rural, KÅ« and Hina. His work, which explores Indigenous perspectives in the context of the modern world, seeks lessons within these dichotomies. âThe most important technology we have is compassion,â he declares, a theme woven throughout his art, most notably his mindbending series Polyfantastica, a body of work that depicts an expansive universe heâs been developing over the last 15 years (think the science fiction of Star Wars, with the heart and soul of Avatar).
A visual thought experiment, Polyfantastica contemplates a simple question that piqued Enosâ curiosity more than a decade ago: What would it be like if Hawaiâi had never been interrupted by Western contact? To date, the project includes 400 drawings of futuristic beings, artifacts, and technologies chronicled over an imagined 40,000-year timeline divided by four thematic epochsâWa Kuu, Wa Rono, Wa Tane, and Wa Tanaroaâeach based on a Hawaiian akua (god) and their defining characteristics. Enos is meticulous in his illustrations, which include animalic warriors and âwalking landscapesâânatural environments shaped into massive humanoids. He combines elements of flora and fauna into reimagined life forms with dynamic features, abilities, even built-in defense mechanisms.
âI think of [Polyfantastica] as activist escapism, or escapist activism,â Enos explains, turning one of his 40 handcrafted epoxy figures upright on a nearby table. Fantastical and impressively detailed, they are among the many creatures that populate the world of Polyfantastica. âThey are basically kaona (hidden meanings) for how kÅ«puna (ancestors) thought of themselves,â Enos says. âThey donât just start at their poâo (head) and end at their feet. They are the sky, they are the land, they are the mountains and oceans that surround them. For them, when you see someone doing hewa (wrong), you feel it. Itâs an extrapolation of that very idea, but Iâm telling it through the lens of science fiction.â
Polyfantasticaâs conceit is so audacious and nebulous it could fuel any number of iterations in film, animation, and virtual reality, all mediums in which his exciting cultural multiverse could thrive and evolve. For now,
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30 A PALM
Solomon Enos
ARTS
âI think of it like a cultural laboratory,â Enos says of Polyfantastica âItâs based on our traditional stories, but because theyâre my own ideas, itâs noa (free of taboo, released from restrictions). I can cut it open, I can play with it, change itâitâs happening in a cultural sandbox.â
To date, Polyfantastica includes hundreds of drawings of futuristic beings, artifacts, and technologies chronicled over an imagined 40,000-year timeline.
though, the ideas are still a work in progress, a universe unfolding in the numerous sketchbooks and miniature sculptures heâs made over the years.
Enos insists that todayâs clickbait culture calls for a renewed emphasis on peace and compassion. âWar and conflict hold our attention,â he says, âbut so can profound beauty and mystery.â Polyfantastica, then, is an invitation to contemplate âhow humans and the natural world can be rewoven around narratives of harmony and hope.â Itâs a place to engage deeply with oneâs imagination. In the realm of Polyfantastica, philosophy, creativity, people, and nature are one.
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32 A PALM ARTS Solomon Enos
702 SOUTH BERETANIA STREET, HONOLULU, HI 96813 | (808) 543-5388 | CSWOANDSONS.COM
Token of Goodwill
Text by Naz Kawakami
Images by Lan Nguyen, Chris Rohrer, and courtesy of the artists
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ARTS NFTs A
Through splashy NFTs, Worldwide
Walls fuels a quiet effort to champion the arts in the Kalihi-PÄlama area.
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awaiâi-based arts organization Worldwide Walls, formerly known as Pow! Wow!, has done a lot of good in communities around the world. It has provided artists with professional and creative opportunities and facilitated meaningful engagement between the public and the arts through its international mural festivals. Now, the team behind Worldwide Walls has turned their focus toward education in underrepresented and underserved communities in their own backyards.
Through its NFT for Good initiative, Worldwide Walls has launched an NFT-based gallery on MakersPlace, a digital marketplace for NFTs, to fund the beautification of public housing, community centers, and schools, as well as provide funds to expand its existing educational programs. A cohort of local artistsâJasper Wong, Lucky Olelo, Woes, Shar Tuiasoa, and Wooden Waveâhave contributed works of art for the gallery, committing 10 percent of proceeds to the projectâs goals, which focus primarily on the Kalihi-PÄlama neighborhood.
An industry valued at more than $40 billion, NFTs are one of todayâs most exciting and controversial technological developments, due in part to its reshaping of the culture and economics of the global art world. An NFT, or ânon-fungible token,â is a set of data which is
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36 A ARTS NFTs
Above, NFT artwork by Jasper Wong titled Saturdaze On opposite page, Lucky Olelo in front of his completed mural for Pow! Wow! Hawaiâi 2019.
Above, NFT artwork by Woes titled Midnight , from the series Wall Of Fur N Fang On opposite page, Wooden Wave works on a mural for Worldwide Wallsâ 10-year anniversary exhibition at Bishop Museum in 2021.
stored on a blockchain, a digital ledger where cryptocurrency transactions are recorded, and is represented by a specific graphic image or work of digital art (a video, a photographâany digital file, really). The NFT itself, then, is not the artwork, but rather the transaction data recorded on the blockchain, which verifies the workâs authenticity, ownership, and monetary value, and serves as the apparatus by which artists and art collectives like Worldwide Walls are able to operate outside of traditional art institutions.
Though most famous for its forward-thinking mural events in cities such as Honolulu, London, and Venice, Worldwide Walls has also been devoted to quieter projects at home, including filling in the gaps in
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38 PALM A ARTS NFTs
public arts education in the islands. A Kalani High School alumnus, founder Jasper Wong experienced those gaps firsthand. âAs a public school kid, I remember art and music being forgotten to a degree,â Wong says. âWhen there are budget cuts, public schools tend to remove art and music curriculum first, and in Hawaiâi, there are always budget cuts.â
Dismissed as nothing more than a hobby, art is often put on the chopping block for its perceived lack of value, Wong explains. The booming popularity and monetization of NFTs, however, have begun to turn that perception on its head, with digital works of art going for upwards of millions of dollars, sold and traded independently of formal institutions and galleries and entirely over the internet. âNFTs validated digital art within the fine art world,â Wong says, allowing artists to offer up their work on the global market and turn a profit. Moreover, NFTs provide Worldwide Walls a language in which to educate students on the business side of the art that they produce.
Worldwide Walls is working in support of institutions like Palama Settlement, which has been engaged in community outreach and education for more than a century. During the pandemic, as students started distance learning, many didnât have ready access to computers or the internet to keep up with their education. As a result, students either dropped several grades behind or fell out of the school system altogether. This issue is what the community center has been addressing as of late, and where Worldwide Walls seeks to support them: by teaching art curriculum and helping to provide necessary materials such as art supplies and iPads.
Through NFT for Good, Worldwide Walls will ultimately provide the Kalihi-PÄlama area with new murals and works of art for the community to view, enjoy, and, perhaps most importantly of all, share in their creation. After allâif the organizationâs years of collaborative mural festivals have proven anythingâitâs what goes into a work of art that makes it beautiful.
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Discover Hawaiâi's Museum Open Daily 9 am - îº pm bishopmuseum.org 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawaiâi 96817 808.847.3511 Living Culture | Natural Science | Immersive Programs
Top: Hawaiian Hall by Ann Cecil. Bottom row: Pacific Hall by Linny Morris
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Film producer and Academy for Creative Media founder Chris Lee is pictured at ACMâs state-of-the-art Creative Media Facility in Kapolei.
44 PALM B BUSINESS Creative Media
Twenty years in the making, a neoteric hub for students stepping into a new frontier of digital media takes shape.
Translation by Mikiko Shirakura
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Establishing the first industry-standard digital media production center for students in Hawaiâi was always part of Chris Leeâs master plan to create a pipeline for homegrown industry talent. But first, he had to convince the University of Hawaiâiâs board of regents that the state needed something much bigger than a typical film school.
In 2002, UH hired the âIolani School graduate and former president of production for Columbia and TriStar Pictures to create a filmmaking degree program at its MÄnoa campus. Lee, a prescient thinker, hoped to extend that vision toward a system-wide academy with stateæ§æ³20幎ãããžã¿ã«ã¡ãã£ã¢æ¥çã®æå
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46 PALM B BUSINESS Creative Media
of-the-art facilities and tech that looked to the future of media in order to diversify Hawaiâiâs economy and create living-wage jobs.
With that in mind, he proposed leveraging existing resources from the universityâs 10 campuses across the islands to launch the filmmaking program at MÄnoa, then gradually add additional creative media programs with complementary curriculum at other campuses. Eventually, the academy would offer training in all facets of production, including short-form media already emerging as a result of smartphones and social media.
After a year of getting feedback on his concept from everyone from motion picture and TV industry players to policymakers and local high school students, the Academy of Creative Media got the green light from the board in December 2003. âFrom the start, [the academy] was designed as a catalyst for developing 21st-century jobs in the global creative marketplace right here in Hawaiâi,â Lee says, âand a platform for our Indigenous stories to be told to the broadest possible audience.â
Over the next decade, ACM built out the MÄnoa program and helped start or enhance creative media programs at other locations, including UH Hilo, Maui Community College, and Kauaâi Community College.
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The facilityâs award-winning design, which integrates 33,000 square feet of production, learning, and gathering spaces, complements ACMâs suite of best-in-class media hardware and software.
UH West Oâahu in Kapolei, the only public university on Oâahuâs leeward side, joined the ACM system in 2013. Students from any of the universityâs seven community colleges could attend UH West Oâahu ACM for their junior and senior years and earn a concentration in creative media as part of a bachelorâs degree in humanities or applied science. While UH MÄnoa ACM focuses on traditional filmmaking, the newer UH West Oâahu ACM incorporates dramatic advances in the production and distribution of media. Coursework encompasses a wide range of emerging digital storytelling mediums, from video games and apps to podcasts and virtual reality.
In its first year, just nine students were enrolled, and they shared a cozy, multipurpose double classroom divided by a movable visual partition. Then, in 2016, the UH West Oâahu ACM program was promised a quantum leap forward when Governor Ige approved $37 million in legislative funds for a cuttingedge student production center. The result was the Creative Media Facility, the ACM student production facility at UH West Oâahu, which was completed in 2020. One of the first design-build projects for the University of Hawaiâi, the 33,000-foot facility serves as a physical hub for the ACM System and provides students with the technology, equipment, and space they need to become competitive media professionals.
âJust one look inside and you know not to expect your typical education here,â says Sharla Hanaoka, director for UH West Oâahu ACM. The structureâs three wings house spaces optimized for todayâs digital learner, including a 3,000-square-foot sound stage for shooting films, a 100-seat theater with Dolby Atmos mixing capabilities for playback, Hawaiâiâs only Foley suite, editing suites for post-production, color grading, and sound mixing, and a mill shop to construct original film sets. In the Create(x) Emerging Media Lab, students will experiment with virtual and augmented reality. In the e-sports room, students can build video games and invite players to test their prototypes. âItâs exciting for them to have non-friends play their games and give feedback,â Hanaoka says. The flex-classrooms and computer labs are outfitted with interactive teaching boards, remote learning equipment, and modular furniture that give instructors freedom to shape the learning experience.
At the buildingâs nexus, a lobby named the Roy and Hilda Takeyama Family Foundation Gathering Space, seating risers sit opposite an elevated 16-by9-foot LED Planar video wall ready to showcase student work, welcome visitors, and host e-sports tournament spectators. Thereâs also an incubator space for coworking, collaboration, and student- and alumni-run business ventures. Though the Covid-19 pandemic waylaid a complete opening, ACM students will eventually be able to access the facility all day and night, and enjoy a café in the lobby.
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50 PALM B BUSINESS Creative Media
During the projectâs research phase, the planning team visited vanguard campuses like University of Southern California, Emerson College, Chapman University, and Googleâs YouTube Space.
For the spring 2022 semester, UH West Oâahu ACM counts 260 students on its rosterâits largest enrollment yet. The hope is that the Creative Media Facility continues to help Hawaiâi retain local talent by offering a world-class education in the digital arts, and that it turns out graduates with skill sets deep enough to successfully navigate a dynamic and changing field. As the program evolves its digital content curriculum to meet the demands of emerging media, the goal is to see 100 percent of students procure meaningful jobs. âWeâre producing a new iteration of graduates by giving them the tools they need to go out in the world, then come back and take over,â Hanaoka says. âIn the end, weâre building successorship.â
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52 PALM
BUSINESS Creative Media B
According to ACM Director Sharla Hanaoka, the facility was designed to promote âas much dreaming as possible.â
A sense
CUL TU RE of place that
æå PALM C 54
fosters the human spirit
55 C PALM
Beyond Borders
Text by Rae Sojot
Images by John Bilderback, John Hook, and courtesy of Polynesian Voyaging Society
The Polynesian Voyaging Society prepares for a multi-leg journey to inspire communities throughout the Pacific to rise to the challenges of a rapidly changing world.
56 PALM C CULTURE MoananuiÄkea ããããå¢çãè¶
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Another bold voyage is on the horizon for HÅkÅ«leâa and Hikianalia as the famed canoes set out to unite the Pacific.
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In Spring 2023, the Polynesian Voyaging Society will launch one of its most extensive campaigns yet: a 41,000-mile, 42-month circumnavigation of the Pacific. Coined the MoananuiÄkea Voyage, sister canoes HÅkÅ«leâa and Hikianalia will sail the ancient sea roads, visiting 46 countries and archipelagoes, 100 Indigenous territories, and 345 ports along the way. The four-year journey is a monumental undertaking, but a crucial oneâ an effort to reconnect with other Indigenous communities and build relationships with those not yet visited. Here, three PVS members share personal voyaging stories from aboard HÅkÅ«leâa, reflecting on the lessons learned and the relationships forged along the way.
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PALM 58 C CULTURE MoananuiÄkea
THE YOUNG NAVIGATOR
For 24-year-old Kai Hoshijo, teamwork really does make the dream work. In 2021, she and four other young crew members from PVS were selected to sail HÅkÅ«leâa to Nihoa, an island in the uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. The journeyâa relatively smooth two-day stretch across 280 milesâ was known for one key navigational challenge. âThe difficulty,â Hoshijo says, âis that Nihoa is so small.â
The opportunity to test their burgeoning voyaging skills without the use of modern navigational tools was both thrilling and nerve-racking, Hoshijo admits. Although the journey would include senior society members, the young crew members represented the organizationâs next vanguard of navigators, and so the pressure was on. They spent hours poring over maps to create a sail plan, followed by hours of fine-tuning it. Once at sea, they rotated stationsâfrom maintaining the steering blade and keeping the mark from the back corner, to scanning for cues from sea and sky. Sailing into the night, the young crew fell into a natural, easy rhythm. Lacking watches, they measured time by the stars. âWe kept switching off every 15 minutes or so,â Hoshijo says. âWe just got into a flow.â
Hoshijo and the others had pinned their hopes on the sunrise. Because Nihoa, measuring less than 1 square kilometer, is situated northwest of Hawaiâi, timing was critical. âThe sun will rise in the east and then shine on the island,â Hoshijo explains, noting that the window, however, is small. âIf you donât have that, you might just sail past it and then youâre lost.â
But as night slowly crested into dawn, only a vast ocean surrounded them. Doubt crept in. Do we keep our line? Do we switch our line? None of them had ever spotted an island on their own before. âIt was like, âWhat are we looking for?ââ Hoshijo says.
Two more hours had passed when suddenly crewmate NÄlamakÅ« Ahsing spotted an irregular blur fixed on the horizon. Some 35 miles away, a small triangle had appeared. âLike a cloud that didnât move,â Hoshijo remembers. It was Nihoa. A torrent of emotion washed over Hoshijo, first relief then sheer elation at what they had accomplished. On deck, the crew exploded into joyous celebration. âIt was very powerful for us to have our teachers there to see how we came together and supported each other through the process,â Hoshijo says. âI think it was powerful for them too.â
That moment left an indelible impression on Hoshijo and crystallized for her the myriad lessons HokÅ«lÄâa offers: the importance of generational knowledge, the power of commitment and hard work, the ability to trust oneself and others. âTo have five young people laulima (work together) to make something happen,â she says, âitâs more than just sailing. Itâs values.â
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60 C CULTURE MoananuiÄkea PALM
For Kai Hoshijo, wayfinding by traditional navigational methods is about more than successfully getting from point A to point Bâitâs about teamwork and perpetuating generational knowledge and values.
At sea, triage, treatment, and recovery all happen on deck without the accoutrements of a fully staffed and supplied ER center.
THE GOOD DOCTOR
Kelly Tam Sing remembers the palpable excitement surrounding HÅkÅ«leâaâs maiden voyage from Hawaiâi to Tahiti. It was 1976, and Tam Sing was five years old. âEverybody was talking about HÅkÅ«leâa,â he recalls. âIt was a huge deal.â For the young Tam Sing, who loved the ocean, HÅkÅ«leâa represented the stuff of dreams and adventure at sea.
Nearly five decades later, Tam Sing now lives out a small slice of that childhood dream as one of Polynesian Voyaging Societyâs volunteer medical officers. Tasked with handling any medical concerns that arise while voyaging, Tam Sing notes that his background and skill as an emergency medicine doctor comes in handy, saying, âYou have to be able to take care of anything that comes along.â At sea, triage, treatment, and recovery all happen on deck without the accoutrements of a fully staffed and supplied ER center. The ability to think on oneâs feet and do more with less is key. âYou make do with what you have,â Tam Sing says, referencing the three cooler chests lashed to the deck. Inside, medical supplies are packed tight: gear for suturing wounds and abscesses, IVs for fluid resuscitation, chemical ice packs, and specialized medicine for pain and sedation.
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62 PALM
C CULTURE MoananuiÄkea
The most common ailments include seasickness, sunburn, and constipation. âConstipation is an issue because there is no privacy on the canoe,â Tam Sing explains. âEveryone gets shy.â Thankfully, Tam Sing adds, the more experienced the voyagers, the fewer hang-ups along the way.
Although practicing expedition medicine appeals to Tam Singâs love for travel and adventure, his work with PVS ultimately strikes a deeper, more personal chord. Prior to joining the organization in 2007, Tam Sing, who is of Hawaiian descent, felt detached from his Native identity. PVS gave him a bridge and a meaningful way to contribute to his community. âI feel more connected to my culture because I am more connected to my community,â Tam Sing says. âI can give my services as a way to honor my ancestors.â
As preparations for the MoananuiÄkea Voyage get underway, Tam Singâs perennial focus is the health and safety of the crew. âIâm always looking to preempt and prevent any kind of medical disaster,â he says. He humbly waves off any potential hero status that accompanies his role. Instead, Tam Sing notes this positive paradox: a successful journey is one where his expertise is never needed.
THE MASTER STUDENT
Nainoa Thompson, exemplary Native Hawaiian navigator and PVS president, has always been drawn to the water. As a child the ocean was his refuge; as a man it has become the fulcrum of his lifeâs work with HÅkÅ«leâa. But, when asked if he considers himself a âmaster navigator,â he is quick to disclaim the title. âOh, I never say that,â he says, with visible embarrassment. âIâm a student, but thank you.â His words are sincere.
Growing up, Thompson struggled in school. His saving grace was an instinctual impulse to search for a teacher. âFor me, itâs always been that if you need to learn something,â he says, âgo find the person who knows.â During HÅkÅ«leâaâs nascent years in the â70s, this approach would be the linchpin in first recovering and then relearning ancient voyaging traditions. âWe were trying to do stuff that no one was doing anymore, but we had no manual or blueprint to follow,â he recalls. So he did what heâd always done before: He sought out teachers.
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64 PALM C CULTURE MoananuiÄkea
prepares for a multi-leg journey to inspire communities throughout the Pacific to rise to the challenges of a rapidly changing world
The Polynesian Voyaging Society
Early on in his journey as a navigator, PVS President Nainoa Thompson was quick to seek out mentors in his effort to revive ancient voyaging traditions.
Today, Thompson credits his own navigational success to a storied list of individuals who helped to revitalize the art of traditional wayfinding: PVS founder Herb Kane; big-wave surfer Eddie Aikau; his father, Myron âPinkyâ Thompson; and Micronesian master navigator Mau Piailug. âThe HÅkÅ«leâa began as a kind of cultural renaissance recovering traditions,â Thompson explains. âToday itâs evolved into protecting what we learn and honoring our teachers.â That list of teachers continues to grow.
Now in his late sixties, Thompson shares that he sometimes contemplates a solo voyage from Tahiti to Hawaiâi, a feat that his close circle considers a crazy endeavor. The voyage is challenging enough for a full crew, but to sail Kealaikahiki, the ancient sea road to Tahiti, on oneâs own? Thompson, a private man, offers a simple response: He wouldnât be alone. âMy crew would be my father,â he answers, âit would be Mau and Eddie too ⊠We carry our teachers with us.â
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70 PALM D DESIGN Living Building Challenge
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An architectâs utopian family home in PÄlolo Valley rises to a unique challenge.
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ucked deep in the recesses of PÄlolo Valley, where clouds hang over green creases of jungle infringing upon twisted streets, sits a house hidden high in the foliage. To reach it, you must enter the property at the bottom of a steep hill and climb a long flight of stone pavers through ferns and heliconia. Gazing up from the end of the path at reclaimed redwood dripping with floraâSpanish moss hanging in front of windows, acting as natural sunscreensâit is hard to tell where house ends and forest begins. That is exactly the point
When architect Aaron Ackerman bought this plot in 2011, his wife, Jessica, was pregnant with their first child, and they ambitiously set out to build a green home, a living space in sync with its environment. They fixed up and moved into a humble structure on the property and spent the next few years studying the land: the vegetation, topography, and where the water went when it rained. It wasnât until four years later that they started construction on the home they imagined, using this data to inform how and where they built.
The site, like any structure evocative of a treehouse, is a childâs dream. The coupleâs three children, who are aptly named for the three elements found in every woody plantâXylem, Cambium, and Phloemâhang out in nets high in the trees. The home has a zipline winch system that looks like a prop out of Hook, featuring a repurposed WWII Marine cauldron from Maui found buried on the property as a carrying container, which Ackerman installed to haul a 500-pound stone birthing tub up to the house. Of the houseâs
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âThe house is an experience,â says architect and homeowner Aaron Ackerman. âIt offers perspective, sanctuary, mystery, and risk. As you are experiencing the house, it draws you around the next corner. You never really see the whole thing.â
building materials, 75 percent are salvaged or reused.
Ackerman has worked as an architect and sustainability facilitator at Bowers and Kubota for going on 18 years. This might be the firmâs most ambitious project yet. Its name is HaleolaâiliâÄinapono, an amalgamation of the Hawaiian ideas of a living house (hale ola) managed by an individual for the betterment of the community (âili âÄina) in a morally conscious way (pono).
The purpose of this house is to raise the bar for what people consider an environmentally friendly building. âHow we live has an impact, and we spend, on average, 90 percent of our time indoors,â he says. âThat means that we are very impacted by the buildings that we occupy.â There have been LEED-certified developments in Hawaiâi before, but Ackerman built his house based on the much more stringent set of standards outlined in the Living Building Challenge.
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74 D PALM DESIGN Living Building Challenge
âHow we live has an impact, and we spend, on average, 90 percent of our time indoors,â Ackerman says. âThat means that we are very impacted by the buildings that we occupy.â
Created by the International Living Future Institute, the Living Building Challenge consists of 20 imperatives a building must fulfill to receive Living Building certification. The criteria are challenging, including sourcing the majority of its materials locally, generating all of the buildingâs energy from renewable resources, and using rain catchment for all its water, with all wastewater and stormwater reused for urban agriculture or groundwater recharge. In short, a building that passes this test aims to do more than just save some energyâit aims to have a net-positive impact, giving back more to the land than it takes.
While the home is well equipped with state-of-the-art appliances and devices, the projectâs real innovation is its symbiotic relationship with nature. The roof is vegetated with lauaâe ferns to absorb stormwater and keep the house cool. Wastewater from the toilets and kitchen sink is treated aerobically and then used for subsurface irrigation of nonedible plants, including the aâe tree (Hawaiian soap berry), whose berries can be used as a laundry detergent. Greywater is stored under the house for future use after any heat it retains is extracted to heat new water. Collected rainwater is used for everything from drinking water and showers to irrigation for the more than 25 varieties of fruit trees on the property, including lychee, macadamia nut, coffee, and mango.
Some of the parameters of the Living Building Challenge are harder to measure than others. To Ackerman, itâs these qualitative imperatives that are the most important. Biophilia, for example, is the innate human tendency to seek connections with nature; to meet the Living Building Challengeâs biophilic design imperatives, he employed natural ventilation and biomorphic forms to echo the surrounding environment.
âThe house is an experience,â he says. âIt offers perspective, sanctuary, mystery, and risk. As you are experiencing the house, it draws you around the next corner. You never really see the whole thing.â
After years of work by the Bowers and Kubota team and with assistance from donors and partners, the house was completed at the end of 2019. The team is now working to finance the last phase of the project: a solar structure that will generate enough renewable energy to support the property on an annual basis and offer enough battery energy storage to support up to a week of refrigeration in the event of a power disturbance. The structure will double as a rainwater catchment system and carport, and Ackerman hopes to have it installed and operational by mid-2023.
If, after its performance period, the project passes Living Building certification, it will be the first residence of its kind in Hawaiâi. (The Energy Lab at Hawaiâi Preparatory Academy is a certified Living
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76 B PALM DESIGN Living Building Challenge
While the home is well equipped with state-of-the-art appliances and devices, the projectâs real innovation is its symbiotic relationship with nature.
A certified Living Building aims to do more than just save energyâit aims to have a net-positive impact, giving back more to the land than it takes.
Building.) Homes like these are not only an answer to local environmental issues such as cesspool pollution, freshwater shortages, and declining landfill capacity from construction waste, but they are also an invitation to live in greater harmony with the land.
Ackerman believes the human desire for connection with the natural world is the driving force behind Living Buildings, and what will ultimately inspire others to live more sustainably. âSolar panels donât inspire humans,â he says. âHumans are inspired by nature, and they respond positivelyâmentally, spiritually, physicallyâto an enhanced relationship with nature. This is the utopic feeling people get when they experience a building like this.â
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78 D PALM DESIGN Living Building Challenge
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80 PALM
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Feels Like Home
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94 PALM
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In a city with no shortage of high-end builds, a unique residential development aims to move the needle on Hawaiâiâs affordable housing landscape.
Hawaiâi is known as paradise to many, but to those who live here, Hawaiâi is simply home. Itâs a place to be with family and friends, a place to work, and a place to contribute to our community while creating a pathway for future generations. These are things Kobayashi Group had in mind when it built Hale KÄlele Residences, its first affordable housing project conveniently located in a neighborhood near Ala Moana.
âHale KÄlele was meant to be a place that would invoke a feeling of comfort and safety while providing an atmosphere that would open a pathway forward for its residents,â said Alana Kobayashi Pakkala, chief operating officer for Kobayashi Group. âNothing provides more sense of security than having a place to call home.â
The newly constructed Hale KÄlele Residences have a modern feel, with clean, open spaces and features you might find in a marketrate condominium. There are recreational spaces, a barbecue area, floor-to-ceiling windows, Energy Star appliances, controlled access, and more. They also incorporate technology that provides added safety, such as Aerapy ultraviolet germicidal equipment on the first floor (to destroy 99 percent of tested virus and bacterial pathogens) and UV-C light purification devices in the elevators.
The building was also designed to be conscious of the environment, utilizing a significant PV installation to make the project more sustainable and provide residents with renewable energy. Residents will have access to centralized solar hot water heating, electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, and two 100 percent electric EV car-sharing programs. Hale KÄlele will also offer 100 percent electric micro-mobility options for rent to provide more transportation options for residents.
The project is also the first in the state to use CarbonCure in vertical construction. CarbonCure uses clean technology to create concrete with less cement, resulting in a reduced carbon footprint without compromising strength.
Another unique aspect of the project is how it came to fruition. Thanks to an unprecedented crossagency partnership between the Hawaiâi State Judiciary and Hawaiâi Housing Finance and Development Corporation (HHFDC), Kobayashi Group was able to develop needed affordable rentals on the same site as the new Juvenile Service Center, maximizing the use of state lands for the benefit of the community.
âThis is just one fine example of how partnerships between government entities and the private sector can contribute to making Hawaiâi a place where locals can continue to live, work, and play.
96 D DESIGN Hale KÄlele x Palm
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Featuring amenities one might find in a market-rate condominium,
Hale KÄlele is redefining affordable housing in Honoluluâs urban core.
Hale KÄlele occupies the same site as the new Juvenile Service Center, maximizing the use of state lands for the benefit of the community.
We are thankful for the opportunity to be a part of it,â said Patrick Kobayashi, president and CEO of Kobayashi Group.
HHFDC Executive Director Denise Iseri-Matsubara said, âWeâre proud of the work theyâve done to bring the project to life. This is the stateâs first interagency development project on underutilized state land, and we hope that this can serve as a model for the future.â
While they sit on the same property, Hale KÄlele and the Juvenile Service Center are distinct, featuring separate entrances and parking areas. The Center will serve status offenders (youth who violate laws that would not be crimes if they were over the age of 18, such as truancy, running away from home, and other low-end law violations) with the intent to help improve their lives via youth partnerships with social services agencies. Agencies will provide services to help them cope with issues such as anger management, substance abuse, and more.
âWe are pleased to be part of this partnership which serves two vital needs in the urban core,â said Chief Justice Mark E. Recktenwald. âThe first is to continue providing services and shelter for at-risk youth who need our support and guidance during a critical time in their lives. The second is the creation of much-needed affordable rental housing. This is truly a win-win for the community, and we are grateful to the Legislature for its support of this important project.â
Hale KÄlele will offer a total of 200 units: 36 studios, 54 one-bedroom units, and 110 two-bedroom units within the 20-story high-rise building. Families
earning between 30 and 60 percent of the area median income (AMI) were invited to participate in a lottery that began accepting applications on February 1, 2022. The monthly rent for a studio unit ranges from $542 to $1,177. A one-bedroom unit will range from $570 to $1,250 per month. Rent for a two-bedroom unit will be between $664 and $1,480 per month.
âWhile our company has been involved in many projects throughout the state, this project is near and dear to our hearts, and it is just the first of many more to come for us. Our next rental project, Kapolei Parkway, will bring 405 much-needed 30 to 60 percent AMI rentals as well as 180 preschool seats to benefit members in our community,â Pakkala said. âThis is our home, and the Kobayashi family is committed to more projects that will give locals access to secure and stable housing, allowing them to achieve the dream of one day buying their own home in Hawaiâi and not having to move to the mainland.â
BlackSand Capital, which is also operated by a member of the Kobayashi family, has also been partnering with other affordable housing developers focused on providing residents with affordable housing options and bringing more beneficial projects like Hale KÄlele to fruition.
âAffordable housing has been a challenge for many years in Hawaiâi, and itâs going to take more collaboration to create the balance we need so people will have options and opportunity,â said BJ Kobayashi, CEO and founder of BlackSand Capital. âItâs a balance we are working toward every day.â
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Text by Sarah Gamboni
Images by Dany Eid, Antony Fleyhan, Mahmoud Khaled, Katarina Premfors, Suneesh Sudhakaran, and Christophe Viseux
102 E PALM ESCAPES Dubai
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The transient is made permanent at Expo 2020 Dubai, a hyperglobal feast of ideas with a vision set on innovation and sustainability.
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Acity of superlatives, Dubai is a living embodiment of the mantra that bigger is better. Boasting the worldâs tallest building, highest restaurant, and deepest swimming pool, and a fleet of police vehicles that includes Lamborghinis, Ferraris, and Bugattis, youâd be forgiven for thinking thereâs little substance beneath Dubaiâs brash, shiny surface.
Beyond all that gloss and glamour, however, youâll find traditional touchpoints embedded in Arabia: the quiet calm of the sikkas (alleyways) that weave through Al Fahidiâs souks (bazaars) and mud-brick houses; the persistent put-put of the abra boats that ferry you across Dubai Creek for a dirham (approximately 27 cents); the heady scent of oud (incense) in your hotel lobby; and the newly opened Museum of the Future, a shimmering edifice inscribed with Arabic poetry.
Dubai is a high-tensile balance between heritage and high-tech, and nowhere has that been more apparent than Expo 2020. Beginning with the United Kingdomâs Great Exhibition of 1851, world expos have long acted as a stage for innovation and collaboration, bringing together countries and ideas with the common goal of forging a better future. Some of their most enduring legacies include Alexander Graham Bellâs first public demo of the telephone at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition in 1876; the Eiffel Tower, built for Parisâs Exposition Universelle de 1889; and Seattleâs Space Needle for the Century 21 Exposition in 1962.
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104 E ESCAPES Dubai
ìŽë¬í 곌ëêž°ë íì 곌 ì§ì ê°ë¥ì±ì ëí ë¹ ì ì ê°ì§ íìŽíŒ êžë¡ë² ììŽëìŽì í¥ì°ìž ì ì€í¬ 2020 ëë°ìŽìì ìì€íë©ëë€. Translation
翻蚳 = çœåäžçŽå
by Mikiko Shirakura
Beginning with the United Kingdomâs Great Exhibition of 1851, world expos have long acted as a stage for innovation and collaboration.
For Expo 2020, organizers set out to make Dubaiâs the biggest world fair ever, but also one of the most sustainable, with a legacy that extends well beyond the exhibitionâs six-month duration. The pandemic delayed plans by a year, but when Expo 2020 Dubai opened in October 2021, it featured a record-breaking 192 participating countries and a masterplan for the cityâs future. The first thing that strikes you is the sheer scale of the Expo 2020 site. Spanning more than 1,000 acres, it is arranged into three distinct districts, thematically named Mobility, Sustainability, and Opportunity, fanning out from Al Wasl Plaza, named after the Arabic for âconnection.â
At each entrance stands a pair of 70-foot-high carbon fiber gates. Inspired by the intricate mashrabiya
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108 PALM E ESCAPES Dubai
(latticework screens) of traditional Arabian homes, they are designed to act as a demarcation between present and future. Sure enough, no sooner am I through the gates that I encounter my first robot. A retro-looking lady-bot who couldâve been plucked straight from The Jetsons, she tersely reminds me to wear a mask before trundling on her way.
I soon realize itâs impossible to do the expo justice in just one visit. On my first day I dart among pavilions with my son and daughter, as they rush to collect stamps in their passports like contestants on a reality television show. Respite comes in the form of a mesmerizing water feature named Surreal, a four-story installation near the main plaza. Waves of water crest over the walls, surging down the curved pebbled surface to the delight of barefooted visitors below, before seeming to flow upwards again, all to an orchestral soundtrack by Game of Thrones composer Ramin Djawadi.
After that first foray, barely scratching the surface of the Mobility district, I upgrade our day tickets to a season pass. Future visits over the coming months take a more leisurely pace. We wander the palm-lined boulevards and shaded sikkas, ogling the architecture of every nationâs structures. Thereâs the delicate whimsy of Polandâs pavilion, adorned with hundreds of white sculpted birds that turn in the breeze; the bravado of Russiaâs rainbow facade, coiled with brightly coloured cables; the awesome might of Saudi Arabiaâs LED edifice, laid open like a book; and the quiet majesty of Swedenâs spruce forest, a sustainable tour de force that will be dismantled and then reassembled elsewhere at the end of its tenure.
Admittedly, as Australian expats living in Dubai, my family and I spend more time in the Australia Pavilion than anywhere else, returning time and again to feed our homesick souls with fried potato cakes, chocolatecoated lamingtons, and First Nations dreamtime stories presented within the pavilionâs immersive dome. Thereâs much more to be savored, elsewhere, of course, from African snacks and baobab-infused cocktails to Belgian frites and beers, and multi-course dinners from Michelin-starred chefs.
For all of the fairâs facades, itâs the transition from day to night that is most beguiling, when the understated elegance of Omanâs timber and white exterior transforms into a technicolor bulb, the wings of the Sustainability Pavilion appear in full flight, and sunset lingers for an additional hour thanks to the warm, rosy glow of LED streetlights.
Now that Expo 2020 has drawn to a close, another transition is underway as the area transforms into District 2020, an integrated â15-minute cityâ of the future, wherein everything can be reached within a
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112 PALM E ESCAPES Dubai
Dubai is a high-tensile balance between heritage and high-tech, and nowhere has that been more apparent than Expo 2020.
quarter-hour. For the first time in the history of the expo, the eventâs developers will repurpose up to 90 percent of the existing infrastructure into offices, residences, restaurants, stores, schools, and essential services.
Sustainability is woven into the fabric of the districtâs landscape. Solar panels atop steel canopies that mimic trees generate enough energy to power 370 households. Gardens have been planted with drought-tolerant ghaf trees and native grasses, and the LEED-certified buildings feature built-in water and waste recycling programs. The hope is that District 2020 will become the model for future living in Dubai, acting as an incubator for start-ups, transport, and tech businesses.
At a time when travel plans were curtailed and the world felt more unknowable than ever, Expo 2020 provided a sense of escapism and a chance for expats and travelers to reconnect with their home countries. In its next iteration as District 2020, it will soon become a permanent home for a new generation of dreamers and doers.
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Human Nature
Text by Timothy A. Schuler
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ESCAPES Coconut Island
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Journey to Coconut Island, where scientists are engineering âsuper coralsâ resilient to rising ocean temperatures.
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The Hawaiâi Institute of Marine Biology occupies several bland, bunker-like buildings near the center of Coconut Island, which sits a quarter mile offshore of KÄneâohe. Itâs not the easiest place to reach. You donât just drive up and park. Instead, to visit the institute, which is home to a series of research laboratories affiliated with the University of Hawaiâi at MÄnoa, you must take at least two shuttle rides: the first in an aging, gray Honda CR-V, which ferries you from a parking area near Windward Mall to Lilipuna Pier; the second via a skiff that collects you from the end of the pier and takes you the rest of the way.
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120 PALM E ESCAPES Coconut Island
Researchers on Coconut Island made headlines for their innovative work of selectively breeding heat-tolerant corals, like those found in KÄneâohe Bay.
One spring, I made the multi-leg journey there to visit the Coral Resilience Lab. Founded in 2003 by marine biologist Ruth Gates, the lab has produced some of the worldâs most important coral research. Gates gained international recognition when she issued a clarion call for the worldâs coralâEarthâs coral reefs were in serious trouble, Gates insisted in interviews with National Public Radio and National Geographic. The oceans were warming, and corals couldnât keep up.
Like most living things, corals are capable of adapting to environmental conditions, but the Earthâs oceans are warming too rapidly for most coral species. In 2013, Gates experimented with something she called âassisted evolution.â The idea was to artificially accelerate the process of natural selection and engineer âsuper coralâ that could withstand the predicted increases in ocean temperatures. The work consisted of old-fashioned selective breeding, the same technique used to create everything from golden delicious apples to golden doodle puppies. Gatesâ team took samples of reef-building corals found in KÄneâohe Bay that exhibited higher than average thermal tolerance and bred them with other corals, with the goal of producing more resilient offspring.
Gatesâ work made international headlines. The Economist and Netflix produced documentaries about her research, and she was a fixture on Hawaiâi Public Radio. Then, on October 25, 2018, at the age of 56, Gates died of complications related to surgery for diverticulitis. The scientists at the Coral Resilience Lab, known then as the Gates Coral Lab, grieved the loss of their charismatic leader, even as they endeavored to continue her groundbreaking research. Taking over as principal investigator was Crawford Drury, whom everyone called Ford. When we first met outside the lab, he wore shorts and sunglasses and a backwards baseball cap. Neither he
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122 PALM E ESCAPES Coconut Island
The Coral Resilience Lab on Coconut Island was established by the late Ruth Gates, a pioneer in the field of coral conservation.
nor the institute were what I expected. I had imagined someone older, maybe wearing a white lab coat. And the island, well, it felt less like a place that produced worldclass research than a science experiment that had gone awry, a Frankenstein of dredged earth and mysterious ruins held together by fossilized bags of Quickcrete.
Coconut Island is traditionally known as Moku o Loâe, or the land of Loâe, named after one of four siblings who, stories say, traveled from Waiâanae to make their home on Oâahuâs windward shore. In the early 20th century, the island was purchased by entrepreneur Christian Holmes, who for much of the 1930s, used the island for a tuna cannery as well as a private retreat. He dredged the bay to expand the island, cutting trenches in the reef and building long, spindly fingers of land that stretched out as if to touch KÄneâohe. He added a house, a bowling alley, a shooting range, even a saltwater swimming pool.
Everywhere I looked, Holmesâ follies peeked through the foliage: large lava rock walls, stairs that led to nothing but jungle. Just inland from the now-abandoned swimming pool, a low-slung building housed a series of guest rooms, one of which was being cleaned by a young woman. She said the rooms were used by visiting researchers. When I mentioned all the strange ruins, she explained that the island used to be a zoo. âThe elephant ponds were down there,â she said, pointing over the hill. Indeed, Holmes had a thing for animals. He imported monkeys, a giraffe, a baby elephant to the island. When he died in 1944, the animals became some of the first residents of the Honolulu Zoo. For a few years following, the island was used for R&R for Marine officers, which is how the barracks came to be built. A group of five oil and gas executives then bought the island in 1947, after which one named Edwin Pauley became the sole owner.
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124 PALM E
ESCAPES Coconut Island
Pauley hosted renowned guests including, presidents Harry Truman and Richard Nixon, on Coconut Island, and he also helped establish a marine research lab there. The facility eventually evolved into the Hawaiâi Institute of Marine Biology, an independent research station of UH MÄnoaâs School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology. In 1995, Pauleyâs family donated $2 million to the University of Hawaiâi Foundation to help it purchase the island outright.
Coconut Island was still a menagerie of sorts when I arrived, though one with more scientific purpose than Holmes had in mind. Its most dramatic residents were the sharks, which cruised a small pond on the east side of the island, their tails flicking in a way that seemed almost feline. Just down the road was the lab, with its hundreds, if not thousands, of corals.
Drury explained that when coral reefs are subjected to abnormal temperatures for extended periods of time, the corals expel their zooxanthellae, a type of symbiotic algae, which turns the reef a ghostly white. This is whatâs known as coral bleaching. Without the zooxanthellae, which provide corals with food and oxygen in exchange for shelter, the organisms are far more susceptible to disease and stress. It was something the scientists had seen firsthand. Between 2014 and 2015, more than half of Hawaiâiâs reef-building corals bleached. It was unprecedented. And it endangered not only Hawaiâiâs reefs but also the many hundreds of marine creaturesâ and human livelihoodsâthat depended on them.
In lieu of any meaningful action taken by U.S. lawmakers, scientists were being forced to take the lead on averting a climate catastrophe, Drury said, and there had been a noticeable shift in how researchers approached a subject like coral bleaching. Historically, scientists simply wanted to know how things were. Increasingly, they advocated for how they should be.
Druryâs team didnât know why some corals were more thermally tolerant than others. But on some level, it didnât matter. If they could build coral reefs that would survive the coming conditions, that was what they were going to do.
Coral reefs are vital not only to the health of the marine ecosystemâsingle-handedly supporting 25 percent of all ocean lifeâbut to coastal communities around the globe, including in Hawaiâi. A coral reef is a natural defense against large waves and storm surges, which could otherwise destroy beaches, houses, and coastal infrastructure. When a reef dies, it doesnât take long for the underlying structure to degrade. If it collapses entirely, any coastal protection provided by the reef goes with it. Surf breaks could disappear, along with beaches. Rising sea levels would become all the more menacing.
In the end, none of this is about coral. Itâs about noticing. Itâs about looking around and seeing not an island or an ocean but our collective home. Itâs about acknowledging the interminable complexity that undergirds our world, that bright cord that binds us to Earth and to one another. Itâs about our speciesâ endless quest for reciprocity, for symbiosis, for a way of life that leads not to grief but gratitude.
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126 PALM E ESCAPES Coconut Island
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Text by Kathleen Wong
Images by Lila Lee
At pastry shops across the island, cultures clash in the sweetest ways possible.
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The small fuchsia plastic bag is hot to the touch. I open it and a geyser of steam releases into the air. I eagerly reach my hand in, my fingertips grazing a fresh malasada dusted in sugar crystals. Taking the first bite, my teeth break through the deep-fried skin and sink into the fluffy, still-warm doughnut flesh. The pressure causes sweet haupia cream to gush out. It tastes like bliss.
Since I was young, a visit to Leonardâs Bakery has been a mustdo whenever an out-of-towner visits, or if Iâm feeling indulgent, or when I need some cheering up. Pre-pandemic, Iâd wait in line near the shopâs small bake case, which showcases other treats like pao doce (sweet bread) and butter mochi. My sister would get a cinnamon sugar malasada, and my sweet tooth would drive me to the haupia-filled one.
If you look for malasadas in Honolulu, youâre guaranteed to come across Leonardâs Bakery, located on Kapahulu Avenue. Leonard Rego, the son of sugarcane plantation workers from São Miguel in the Azores, opened his namesake bakery in 1952, but it wasnât until the following year that he added malasadas to the menu, crafting them using his grandparentsâ recipe. Since then, Leonardâs Bakery has been a mainstay for malasadas in Hawaiâi.
For many locals, itâs hard to imagine a Hawaiâi without its beloved malasadas. And thanks to an influx of cultures that began in the plantation era and continues today, theyâre one of many mouthwatering baked goods as uniquely multicultural as Hawaiâi itself. It doesnât hurt that theyâre all absolutely delicious.
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Thanks to an influx of cultures that began in the plantation era and continues today, the islands are home to an array of mouthwatering baked goods as uniquely multicultural as Hawaiâi itself.
MALASADA
Itâs believed that Portuguese immigrants from the Madeira and Azores islands brought malasadas over in the late 1870s when they came to work on Hawaiâiâs sugar and pineapple plantations. These workers already had experience working with sugarcane back on their respective home islands. In Portugal, the malasada has a cousin: a fried, globe-shaped doughnut called filhó. According to food historians, what separates the malasada from other doughnuts is its eggy dough made with evaporated milk, a departure from the typical yeast dough made with fresh milk. Here in Hawaiâi, malasadas have adopted local flavors and ingredients, like the haupia- or guava-filled choices at Leonardâs. These doughnuts are often eaten on Mardi Gras or Fat Tuesday, also known as Malasada Day in Hawaiâi.
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PALM
SPANISH ROLL
Soft and warm are the hallmarks of freshly baked bread, but Spanish rolls have an extra oomphâa subtle, buttery sweetness. Itâs easy to lose count of how many crescentshaped breads youâve eaten in one sitting. Interestingly, Spanish rolls are a misnomer; they originally hail from the Philippines but can be traced to Spanish colonization of the islands in the 16th century. The baked goods are similar to ensaymadas, another sweet bread from Mallorca, Spain, or the classic Filipino bread called pandesal. Filipinos adopted bread-making techniques from the Spanish, such as using salt and sugar, and made them their own.
Opened by Filipino immigrant Fernando H. Paez, Nandingâs Bakery remains the same small, unassuming panaderia (bakery) it has been for over 20 years. On Oâahu, you can visit the bakeryâs three locations, or you can find its signature Spanish rolls at 7-Elevens statewide. For a modern, local spin on Spanish rolls, Beyond Pastry Studio in downtown Honolulu offers a mango-pineapple version. âI like to bake what I grew up with, like pandesal and Spanish rolls with chicken adobo, because I want to share that happiness with other people,â says Cristina Nishioka, its Philippines-born owner and pastry chef. âI wanted to raise the standard and elevate Filipino pastries, and to give more options to a good, quality pastry.â Itâs believed that Portuguese immigrants from the Madeira and Azores islands brought malasadas over in the late 1870s when they came to work on Hawaiâiâs sugar and pineapple plantations. These workers already had experience working with sugarcane back on their respective home islands. In Portugal, the malasada has a cousin: a fried, globe-shaped doughnut called filhó. According to food historians, what separates the malasada from other doughnuts is its eggy dough made with evaporated milk, a departure from the typical yeast dough made with fresh milk.
KOUIGN-AMANN
While the plantation era had significant influences on Hawaiâiâs palate, cultures continue to borrow from each other today. The kouign-amann, pronounced âqueen-amahn,â is a flaky pastry that looks like a mix between a croissant and a palmier. Although the exact origins of the buttery pastry is a mystery, signs point to FinistÚre, the westernmost tip of the French region Brittany, also home to the galette. People from the FinistÚre town of Douarnenez have even formed a kouign-amann association to protect the integrity and heritage of the rustic pastry. At Kona Coffee Purveyorsâ B. Patisserie, which hails from San Francisco, the kouign-amann pastries come in tropical and Asian flavors. The pastry menu changes seasonally, based on whatâs locally available, but expect flavors like guava coconut almond, coconut lychee, and black sesame. âOur inspiration comes from the fruit of our land,â says Kona Coffee Purveyors co-founder Jacqueline Suiter.
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138 B PALM FARE Pastries
MOCHI DOUGHNUT
Mochi is known for its sticky, chewy texture and ability to slowly revert to its original shape if you push your finger into its soft, pillowy surface. Mochi came to Hawaiâi from Japan by way of plantation workers in the 19th century. Since then, rice flour has become a popular replacement for wheat flour in local baked goods, giving the mochi versions a light, springy texture.
Inspired by Japanâs mochi donut craze, Oâahuâs famed Liliha Bakery introduced the poi mochi donut in 2016. Entering Lilihaâs bustling flagship location in Kalihi, I grab a number and wait for it to be called. As I wait, workers in white shirts and black aprons haul baking trays heavy with freshly baked doughnuts. At Liliha Bakery, they deep-fry sweet rice flour mixed with fresh, locally made poi, or taro, to make the doughnut: eight glazed balls linked together in the shape of a ring. I gently pull the doughnut apart and admire the vibrant purple inside. I pop a purple doughnut ball into my mouth for a surprisingly delicate treat.
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140 PALM F FARE Pastries
A citywide exhibition of contemporary art from Hawaiâi, Asia-Pacific, and beyond
FEB 18â MAY 8, 2022
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HAWAII THEATRE CENTER
HAWAI â I STATE ART MUSEUM
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A Climate Of Change, A World Of Solutions
Climate change is all around us.
There is no question, we are seeing more frequent and severe storms, fires, and flooding around the world. And with them, astounding loss of lives, homes, neighborhoods, and wildlife habitat.
We can adapt.
We have the science, tools, and knowledge to set the planet on a course of correction and our islands on a course of recovery, but we need to muster the willpower and invest in the solutions that are available to us now while we develop new solutions to this crisis.
Working with nature is the most promising and cost-effective solution.
Nature-based solutions build resilience in the systems that protect us from the impacts of climate change, such as coral reefs, wetlands, and dune systems that protect our coastal infrastructure and communities from storm surge and flooding.
The time to act is now.
Scientists estimate that the next 10 years will be the defining decade for our climate future. In Hawaiâi, The Nature Conservancy is applying nature-based solutions from mauka to makai (the mountains to the sea) to chart a course toward greater resilience and sustainability.
Drawing on decades of experience and global expertise, The Nature Conservancy is uniquely positioned to develop and deliver natural climate solutions so that nature and people can thrive in a changing climate. Will you join us?
Contact: Lori Admiral | Director of Philanthropy 923 Nuâuanu Avenue | Honolulu, HI 96817 | lori.admiral@tnc.org | 808-587-6249
Photo: Chad Wiggins
Increase carbon storage to reduce the impact of emissions
To minimize global temperature increases, we must increase carbon mitigation efforts, which include land stewardship. Each year, The Nature Conservancy manages 40,000 acres of native forest in Hawaiâi preserves, continually removing invasive plants and building fences to minimize threats to these critical natural areas.
Advance climate science
Research, monitoring, and modelling provide us with a better understanding of climate impacts, which will help to ensure that we invest in the most promising strategies for climate mitigation and adaptation. The Nature Conservancy is working to unlock the secrets of the remarkably resilient reefs on Palmyra Atoll and investing in other reef resilience research to ensure funds are directed to reefs most likely to withstand future climate impacts.
Establish innovative funding streams for nature-based solutions
The Nature Conservancy has pioneered innovative financing mechanisms for conservation, including debt for nature swaps, blue carbon, and the worldâs first reef insurance policy. Following a feasibility study showing that reef insurance is viable in Hawaiâi, The Nature Conservancy is working with insurance companies to develop a policy to fund the repair of reefs damaged by hurricanes.
Demonstrate the value of green infrastructure
Restoring natural infrastructureâsuch as reefs, dunes, and wetlands that reduce wave energy and absorb storm surgeâis the most cost-effective way of mitigating those threats. In Olowalu, Maui, The Nature Conservancy will work with local communities and agency partners to develop naturebased solutions to protect a four-mile stretch of coastline that is regularly inundated with flooding due to sea level rise and excessive wave action.
Photo: David Slater
Photo: Michelle Griffoul
Photo: Adriel Heisey
Photo: Molly Gordon