Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2016 = 6.17, www.srjis.com UGC Approved Sr. No.49366, MAR–APR, 2018, VOL- 5/44 PERSONAL AND SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT OF HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN RELATION TO THE EMPLOYMENT STATUS OF THEIR MOTHERS Mahadevan. A1 & T. Ravichandran2, Ph. D. 1
M.Ed., Scholar, Department of Education, Government College of Education,
Pudukkottai – Tamil Nadu, mahadevanpackiyam @gmail.com 2
Assistant Professor, Department of Biological Science, Government College of Education,
Pudukkottai – Tamil Nadu
The main purpose of this study is to find out the social and personal adjustment among higher secondary school students with relation to employment status of their mothers in Pudukkottai Educational District. This research is under taken with a view to examining the relationship with social adjustment and personal adjustment of higher secondary school students with a sample size 250. The investigation is analyzed by the descriptive analysis and differential analysis. The findings of the study show that there is a high personal and social adjustment of higher secondary school students in relation to the employment status of their mothers. The findings also revealed that personal adjustment of higher secondary school female students are better than male students. But there was no significant difference between male and female students in social adjustment. The type of managements of schools has the same nature of personal and social adjustment among higher secondary school students with respect to employment status of their mothers. This study might enable teachers and parents to look for ways of enhancing personal and social adjustment among the students from higher secondary school.
Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com INTRODUCTION The family is one of the primary groups of society concerned with face to face relationship. A child’s earliest education is received in his family. It is here that his basic ideas, ideals as well as many attitudes towards himself and his associates are initiated which determine his later adjustment to school and other out of home situations. The economic status, attitudes and behavioural experiences of parents and family environment, all influence the child’s behaviour and attitudes, both directly and indirectly. NEED AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Family is the fundamental unit of the society. It generally consists of husband, wife, and their children. To quote the family is the child’s entire social environment, and though Copyright © 2018, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
Mahadevan. A & Dr. T. Ravichandran 10263 (Pg. 10262-10269)
the social circle widens when he goes to school and begins to form outside friendships, yet the family remains for some years the largest and most successful social institution. The Mother-child relationship is considered as the most powerful relationship than any other. The mother is considered as a child’s first guru and god. A feeling of belonging to the family is vital for the healthy development of the child. It is from the mother that the child learns his lessons of respecting, elders, politeness, co-operation, which helps the child to develop a very sound personality. Researches showed that maternal employment not only alters the life style of the mother who works, but also changes in two specific areas – family interactions and adolescent and peer relations. A working mother their not have sufficient time to take adequate care of her children. Working mother irrespective of race, religion, culture, region and heritage is under the influence of heavy responsibilities all around the world. She is related to maternal stress. It is the responsibility of mother to educate her children according to the requirement of contemporary economic and social needs. “Mother’s employment status is also related with child results, it is through the family those effects take place. Outcomes of children are related with mothers’ sense of well being and-parenting style.” Adolescence is a period in which children need more love and care form their mothers, because this is the transitional period between childhood and adulthood. Owing to competiveness in academics and diversification of courses, adolescent children need the presence and help of their parents. Now, when the role of women is changing both within and outside the family, questions has been raising regarding the impact of maternal employment on children, especially on the adolescent children and the various aspects of their life. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 1. To find the level of personal and social adjustment of higher secondary school students in relation to the employment status of their mothers. 2. To find the significant difference between personal adjustments of higher secondary school students in Pudukkottai district students in relation to the employment status of their mothers with respect to gender. 3. To find the significant difference between social adjustments of higher secondary school students in Pudukkottai district studentsin relation to the employment status of their mothers with respect to gender.
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Mahadevan. A & Dr. T. Ravichandran 10264 (Pg. 10262-10269)
4. To find significant difference among personal adjustments of higher secondary school students in Pudukkottai district studentsin relation to the employment status of their mothers with respect to management of schools. 5. To find significant difference among social adjustments of higher secondary school students in Pudukkottai district studentsin relation to the employment status of their mothers with respect to management of schools. HYPOTHESES 1. The personal and social adjustment of higher secondary school students in relation to the employment status of their mothers is not significantly high. 2. There is no significant difference between personal adjustments of higher secondary school students in Pudukkottai district studentsin relation to the employment status of their mothers with respect to gender. 3. There is no significant difference between social adjustments of higher secondary school students in Pudukkottai district studentsin relation to the employment status of their mothers with respect to gender. 4. There is no significant difference among personal adjustments of higher secondary school students in Pudukkottai district studentsin relation to the employment status of their mothers with respect to management of schools. 5. There is no significant difference among social adjustments of higher secondary school students in Pudukkottai district students in relation to the employment status of their mothers with respect to management of schools. DESIGN OF THE STUDY POPULATIONS Students are studying in Higher Secondary School students from selected schools in Pudukkottai District. SAMPLE SIZE For the purpose of the present study the sample was taken both from government, government aided and private schools. The sample of the study consisted of 250 Higher Secondary School students in Pudukkottai District. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE Simple Random sampling technique is adopted for the selection of sample
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TOOLS FOR THE STUDY The investigator use the following tool for this study, “Personal and social adjustment questionnaire” and is prepared by Investigator and Guide. Score of Personal adjustment is from 0 to 25 of 25 yes or no type statements. Its median is 12.5. Score of social adjustment is from 0 to 25 of 25 yes or no type statements. Its median is 12.5. DATA OF ANALYSIS Descriptive analysis involved calculation of the measures of central tendencies, and the measures of variability. The calculated values of the mean and the standard deviation are used to t-test and F-test describe the properties of the particular samples. RESARCH FINDINGDS AND DISCUSSIONS HYPOTHESIS-1 The personal and social adjustment of higher secondary school studentsin relation to the employment status of their mothers is not significantly high. Table -1: Showing means, SD and median values of personal and social adjustment of higher secondary school students in relation to the employment status of their mothers Sample
N
M
S.D
Median Interpretation
Personal social
250 250
15.656 18.344
3.350 3.300
12.5 12.5
High high
The table shows that the null hypothesis is rejected, because mean is compared to median. Hence, there is a high personal and social adjustment of higher secondary school students in relation to the employment status of their mothers. This shows that higher secondary school students have high personal and social adjustment.
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Mahadevan. A & Dr. T. Ravichandran 10266 (Pg. 10262-10269)
Sales
Personal adjustment S.D Social adjustment
S.D
Bio Chart-1 HYPOTHESIS-2 There is no significant difference between personal adjustments of higher secondary school students in Pudukkottai district in relation to the employment status of their mothers with respect to gender Table -2: Significant Difference between Personal Adjustments of Higher Secondary School Students in Pudukkottai District in Relation to the Employment Status of Their Mothers with Respect to Gender Sex
N
Mean
S.D
t-Value
Level of significance (0.05)
Male
168
15.184
3.096
3.0637
significant
Female
82
16.530
3.578
The table shows that the null hypothesis is rejected, because, the calculated t-value (3.0637) is greater than the critical t-value (1.96). Therefore there is a significant difference between personal adjustments of higher secondary school students in Pudukkottai district studentsin relation to the employment status of their mothers with respect to gender.Personal adjustments of higher secondary school female students are better than male students. HYPOTHESIS-3 There is no significant difference between personal adjustments of higher secondary school students in Pudukkottai district in relation to the employment status of their mothers with respect to gender
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Mahadevan. A & Dr. T. Ravichandran 10267 (Pg. 10262-10269)
Table -3: Significant Difference between Social Adjustments of Higher Secondary School Students in Pudukkottai District In Relation to the Employment Status of Their Mothers With Respect To Gender Sex Male Female
N 168 82
Mean 18.514 17.987
S.D 3.429 2.983
t-Value 1.1891
Level of significance (0.05) Not significant
The table shows that the null hypothesis is accepted, because, the calculated t-value (1.1891) is less than the critical t-value (1.96). Therefore there is no significant difference between social adjustments of higher secondary school students in Pudukkottai district in relation to the employment status of their mothers with respect to gender. This shows that social adjustments of higher secondary school male students and female students are same. HYPOTHESIS-4 There is no significant difference among personal adjustments of higher secondary school students in Pudukkottai district students in relation to the employment status of their mothers with respect to management of schools. Table 4: Significant difference among personal adjustments of higher secondary school students in Pudukkottai district students in relation to the employment status of their mothers with respect to management of schools Management of school Between Within Total
SS
DF
MS
F
Level of significant (0.05)
41.176 2,696.486 2,737.662
2 247 249
20.588 10.917
1.886
Not significant ( 0.154 )
The table shows that the null hypothesis is accepted, because, the calculated F-value (1.886) is less than the critical F-value (3.032).There is no significant difference among personal adjustments of higher secondary school students in Pudukkottai district studentsin relation to the employment status of their mothers with respect to management of schools. Government School, Government Aided School and Private higher secondary school students have same personal adjustment. HYPOTHESIS-5 There is no significant difference among social adjustments of higher secondary school students in Pudukkottai district in relation to the employment status of their mothers with respect to management of schools. Copyright Š 2018, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
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Table 5: Significant difference among social adjustments of higher secondary school students in Pudukkottai district students in relation to the employment status of their mothers with respect to management of schools Management of school Between Within Total
SS
DF
MS
F
Level of significant (0.05)
56.446 2,637.984 2,694.450
2 247 249
28.223 10.680
2.643
Not significant ( 0.073 )
The table shows that the null hypothesis is accepted, because, the calculated F-value (1.886) is less than the critical F-value (3.032). There is no significant difference among social adjustments of higher secondary school students in Pudukkottai district students in relation to the employment status of their mothers with respect to management of schools. Government School, Government Aided School and Private higher secondary school students have equal social adjustment nature. FINDINGS OF THE STUDY 1. The higher secondary school students have high personal and social adjustment in relation to their mothers’ employment status. 2. Personal adjustments of higher secondary school female students are better than male students. 3. Social adjustments of higher secondary school male students and female students are same. 4. Government School, Government Aided School and Private higher secondary school students have same personal adjustment. 5. Government School, Government Aided School and Private higher secondary school students have same social adjustment. DISCUSSION OF THE STUDY This study shows that higher secondary school students have high personal and social adjustment. This means students adjust to home and neighbours and also they adjust with others in the society and group. They have more awareness about their positive and negative aspects adjustment behaviour. They are controlling the emotion when they are learning in school and outside the school. They solve their own problem with others’ help and they are involving group study for their development. Gender is a variable of personal adjustment. Female students is more adjustable personally for learning environment. But both male and Copyright Š 2018, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
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female have equal social adjustment. Higher secondary students do not differ in personal and social adjustment with regarding to the management of school. IMPLICATION OF THE STUDY Male students’ personal adjustment will be improved through various training and psychological guiding and counselling for depth involvement of learning in school. Parents and school encourage to participate the students for social development and social welfare programmes. Social banding is very essential for self-growth and developments. They will be trained to the good peer group friendship maintenance and peer group playing activities. CONCLUSION If every human being has personal and social adjustment, he/she can increase his own potential and lead harmonious living conditions. He/she does not hesitate to raise questions for public welfare and self-development. Also he/she involves in social voluntary activity without any expectation from other. So the study is important to reveal that pudukkottai district higher secondary school students’ personal and social adjustment are better in nature with respect to type of management of schools. The final conclusion is they have high personal and social adjustmentin relation to the employment status of their mothers. REFERENCES Alexander A. Schneiders (1960). Personal Adjustment and Mental Health. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Geetha. S (2013). Personal Adjustment of the Student Trainees. International Journal of Education and Psychological Research (IJEPR) ISSN: 2279-0179 Volume 2, Issue 4, pp: 123-128, November 2013 Nargis Ara(2012) Educated Working Mothers to Hoist Children Academic Performance, International Journal of Technology and Inclusive Education (IJTIE) , Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2012 SoheilaYengimolkiet al (2015). Self-Concept, Social Adjustment and Academic Achievement of Persian Students. International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 8, No. 2 (2015), pp. 50-60. www.irssh.com P.PriyaPackiaselvi, and Ms.Malathi.V.A. (2017). “A Study on Social Adjustment among Higher Secondary School Students and Its Impact on Their Academic Achievement in Coimbatore District.” International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah, 5(6), 458-463. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.822286. Rebecca Slaton (2009).Personal and Social Adjustment.London:Pearson Publishing Herbert Harari and Robert M. Kaplan(1977).Psychology: Personal and Social Adjustment. New York:JoannaCotler Books.
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