Smart Automated Seed Sowing Machine by IRJET Journal

Smart Automated Seed Sowing Machine

Wagh Dhanesh.B 1, Mandalik Shivam. A2 , Aher Gunvant.D3 , Pawar Kunal .C4

Ms. Bachhav S.M.5, Mr.N.R.Thakre6

1234 Students of Electronics and Tele-Communication Engineering Department

5Guide, Lecturer at Electronics and Tele-Communication Engineering Department of Shri Hiralal Hastimal (Jain Brothers, Jalgaon) Polytechnic, Chandwad, Dist. - Nashik, Maharashtra

6HoD of Electronics and Tele-Communication Engineering Department at Shri Hiralal Hastimal (Jain Brothers, Jalgaon) Polytechnic, Chandwad, Dist. - Nashik, Maharashtra***

Abstract:

Agriculture remains a fundamental pillar of global economies, andadvancements intechnology playa pivotal role in increasing efficiency, reducing labor, and enhancing productivity. One of the most critical aspects of farming is seed sowing, which directly impacts crop yield and quality. The Automatic Seed Sowing Machine is an innovative solution aimed at optimizing seed placement, reducing human intervention, and ensuring consistency in sowing operations. This research paper delves into the design, working principle, components, advantages, limitations, and future scope of the automatic seed sowing machine. The implementation of such mechanized systems can drastically improve the efficiency of farming operations, leading to increased agricultural output and costsavings.

Key words: -Seed1, Automation2, DC Motor3, seed SowingMachine4,AgricultureTechnology5 .

1. INTRODUCTION:

Traditional seed sowing methods, including broadcasting and manual drilling, are often laborintensive and prone to inconsistencies. Issues such as uneven seed distribution, improper depth placement, and seed wastage significantly affect crop yields. In response to these challenges, mechanized seed sowing technologies have been developed to automate the process, ensuring precise seed placement with minimal human effort. The automatic seed sowing machine is designedtomechanizeandstreamlinetheseedplanting process, making it more efficient and scalable. The objectiveofthispaperistodiscussthedevelopmentand implementation of an automatic seed sowing machine suitableforsmallandlarge-scalefarmers.

1.1 Existing System

Traditional farming methods rely heavily on manual laborforseedsowing,whichpresentsseveralchallenges. The conventional approach is not only time-consuming but also physically demanding. Since it depends on human effort, productivity is affected by fatigue and

inconsistent efficiency. Moreover, working in hazardous environments such as extreme weather conditions or chemically treated fields can be difficult for laborers, makingmanualseedingimpracticalincertainsituations.

Anothersignificantissueissoilcompaction,especiallyin muddy fields where large wheels are required for movement. Excessive soil compression can reduce aeration and hinder crop growth. Additionally, traditional farming techniques require skilled labor, which is not always readily available or affordable for farmers.Theinconsistencyinseedplacementanddepth furtherimpactsoverallagriculturalproductivity.

Toovercometheselimitations,automationinagriculture hasbecome essential.Byintegrating roboticsystemsfor seed sowing and soil loosening, farming can be made more efficient and less labor-intensive. Automation ensures precise seed placement, reduces the time required for sowing, and enhances accuracy. Furthermore, automated systems can function in challenging environments where human labor may not befeasible.

The primary objective of this project is to develop an automated seed-sowing system that minimizes human effort, optimizes time, and improves accuracy. By incorporating advanced technology into traditional farming practices, this system aims to enhance agricultural productivity while reducing dependency on manuallabor.

2. LITERATURE SURVEY

Several research studies have been conducted on automated seed-sowing systems, each focusing on different aspects of design, implementation, and efficiency improvement. These studies highlight the growing importance of automation in agriculture, addressing key challenges such as labor dependency, timeconsumption,andinconsistentseedplacement.(1)

The "Design and Implementation of Seeding Agricultural Robot" presents a system controlled by a microcontroller assembly. This research emphasizes

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 02 | Feb 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

reducing manpower and lowering the cost of farming equipment, making it more accessible to farmers. The study highlights how automation can enhance precision andreducehumaneffortwhilemaintainingaffordability forlarge-scaleandsmall-scalefarmersalike.(2)

Another study, "Seed Sowing Using Robotics Technology," explores both electric and mechanical assemblydesigns. The researchhighlights the simplicity of the machine’s operation, ensuring that even individualswithminimal technical knowledgecanuseit effectively. By designing a user-friendly system, this study makes a strong case for the widespread adoption of robotic seed-sowing technologies in modern farming.(3)

The "Seed Sowing Robot" focusesonelectromechanical automationwithwirelesscontrol.

This system ensures that seeds are sown in a proper sequence, leading to better germination and improved crop yield. By maintaining uniform spacing and depth, this study demonstrates how automated seeding can positively impact overall agricultural productivity and reduceseedwastage.(4)

In "Agriculture Seed Sowing Equipment: A Review," the use of a microcontroller to control and monitor the movement of the machine is discussed. The paper emphasizes how innovative seed-sowing equipment can significantly reduce the time required for the seeding process while ensuring consistent results. The research also discusses the importance of real-time monitoring and adaptive control mechanisms that can help farmers managevaryingsoilconditionseffectively.(5)

Lastly, the "Design and Development of Automatic Seed Sowing Machine" introduces an autonomous agricultural system controlled by a microcontroller assembly.Thestudyexplainshowseedsarereleasedina controlled manner with each rotation of the seed drum, ensuring systematic seed placement for efficient plantation. The research highlights how automation can increase precision, reduce manual errors, and improve cropyieldsbyensuringoptimalseeddistribution.(6)

These studies collectively highlight the importance of automation in agriculture, demonstrating how technology can improve efficiency, reduce labor dependency, and enhance precision in seed sowing. The advancements in robotic seeding technology not only aim to make farming more efficient but also support sustainable agricultural practices by reducing soil compaction, minimizing seed wastage, and optimizing resource utilization. As the agricultural sector continues to evolve, integrating automation and smart farming technologies will play a crucial role in meeting the growing demand for food production while addressing challenges such as labor shortages and climate variability.

3. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

The systemarchitecture provides an overall view of theproject,illustratinghowvariouscomponentsinteract to achieve automation in the seed sowing process. Each component is interconnected to perform a specific role, ensuringefficiencyandprecisioninseedplacement.

At the core of the system is the Arduino Uno, which serves as the main processing unit. The system operates on a 12V power supply, which is regulated usingavoltageregulator(IC7805)tosupply5Vand3.3V power to different components as needed. The Arduino Uno is programmed using Embedded C and processes input from multiple sensors while controlling motor functions.

4. TECHNOLOGY USED

1. Arduino Uno (Microcontroller)

 Role:The brain oftheseedplanter.

 The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board that controls and coordinates the actions of all the connectedcomponents,basedonprogrammedlogic. It processes input from sensors, makes decisions, andsendsoutputsignalstorelays,motors,andother devices.

 TheArduinoisprogrammedto:

 Controlthetimingandsequenceofseeddispensing.

 Monitor environmental factors (like distance for plantingdepth,orsoilconditions).

 Trigger motors and relays to plant seeds automatically.

2. Power Supply

 Role: Provides the required electrical power for the Arduinoandallconnectedcomponents.

 The power supply for an Arduino-based project typically provides 5V DC (for the Arduino) and 12V DCorhigher(formotors,relays,andotherdevices).

3. Bluetooth Module (HC-05/HC-06)

 Role: Enables wireless communication between the planterandasmartphoneorremotecontroldevice.

 The Bluetooth module allows the user to control andmonitortheseedplanterremotely.Forexample, youcoulduseamobileappto:

 Startorstopthesystem.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 02 | Feb 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

 Setparameterslikespeedortiming.

 Monitorsystemstatusorerrorconditions.

 The Bluetooth module communicates with the Arduino to send or receive commands, making the systemmoreuser-friendlyandflexible.

4. IR Sensor (Infrared Sensor)

 Role: Detects obstacles or the position of the planter.

 IR sensors areoftenusedinautomationsystemsfor proximity detection. In the context of an automatic seed planter, they could serve the following purposes:

 Obstacle detection:Ensuresthe planterdoesn'thit obstaclesinitspath,likerocksordebris.

5. Ultrasonic Sensor

 Role:Measuresthedistancebetweenthesensorand anobject(likethegroundoraseedcontainer).

 The ultrasonic sensor isusedfor:

 Depth control:Itcanmeasurethedistancebetween the planter and the ground to ensure the seeds are beingplantedatthecorrectdepth.

 Distance measurement: It could help in detecting the position of the seed dispenser or monitor the distance between rows of seeds to ensure even spacing.

 The sensor sends ultrasonic sound waves, which bouncebackfromtheobject(soilorthebottomofa seedcontainer).TheArduinocalculatesthedistance basedonthetimeittakesforthewavestoreturn.

6. 4-Channel Relay Module

 Role: Controls multiple high-power devices like motors or actuators that require more current than theArduinocandirectlyprovide.

 A 4-channel relay module is used to control severaldevicessimultaneously.Inanautomaticseed planter:

 It can control multiple motors or actuators (e.g., motorsformotorizedwheels).

 The Arduino sends signals to the relays, which then switch high-power components on or off based on theprogrammedlogic.

 The 4-channel relay enables the Arduino to control thesedeviceswithoutdirectlypoweringthem.

7. 1-Channel Relay Module

 Role: Similar to the 4-channel relay, but for controllingasinglehigh-powerdevice.

 The 1-channel relay canbeusedforsimplercontrol ofonedevice,forexample:

 Controlling a single motor (e.g., a motor for seed planting).

 Activatingapumporwatersprayer.

 It's often used in conjunction with the 4-channel relay to allow more control over various actuators orsystems.

8. Motor

 Role:Powersthemechanicalmovementforplanting seedsandothertasks.

 Motors in an automatic seed planter could be used for:

 Driving the wheels or tracks of the planter, movingthemachineforward.

 Rotating the seed dispenser:Themotorcontrolsa rotating mechanism that dispenses seeds into the soil.

 Adjusting the depth of planting: A motorized arm could raise or lower the planting depth depending oninputfromsensors.

 DC motors or stepper motors are commonly used insuchapplications.Steppermotorsarepreciseand can be used for accurate control of seed dispensing, while DC motors are often used for driving the wheels.

9. Motor for Seed Mechanism

 Role: Specifically controls the dispensing of seeds intothesoil.

 This motor is typically part of the seed dispensing mechanism.Itmight:

 Rotate a seed wheel thatholdsanddispensesseeds atregularintervals.

 Drive a conveyor that moves seeds from a containerintoadropmechanism.

 Push seeds into the soil using a planting mechanism,suchasaploworauger.

 Themotorcanbecontrolledbyarelay,allowingthe Arduino to turn it on or off as needed for each plantingcycle.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 02 | Feb 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

5. BLOCK DIAGRAM

6. WORKING

 Seed Loading: Seeds are loaded into the seed hopper, which stores and feeds them into the distributionmechanism.

 Machine Movement: The machine moves forward and Revers using wheels or a motorized system, its controlbyBluetoothapplication.

 Furrow Opening: A furrow opener (plow or disc) createsatrenchinthesoilattherequireddepth.

 Seed Metering: A seed metering mechanism (mechanical, pneumatic, or electronic) ensures uniformseeddistribution.

 Seed Dropping: Seeds are dropped at regular intervalsintothefurrowthroughseedtubes.

 Furrow Closing: A covering mechanism (roller) coverstheseedswithsoilforpropergermination.

 Compaction:Presswheelsorrollerscompactthesoil slightlytoensuregoodseed-soilcontact.

 Automation & Control: Sensors and controllers monitor and adjust seeding parameters like spacing anddepth.

 Completion: The machine continues the process across the field, ensuring efficient and precise seed sowing

7. CONCLUSION

This project presents an innovative solution for automating the seed sowing process, ensuring accuracy and efficiency. The design integrates a rotating wheel and seed drum system, which allows for a continuous flowofseeds,minimizingwastageandensuringuniform

distribution. The sowing disc rotates within the seed chamber,whereseedsfallfromthestoragetankandinto the chamber. From there, the seed buckets collect the seedsandsowthemintothegroundatthedesireddepth with the assistance of the plough. The system also incorporates an obstacle detection mechanism using infrared (IR) sensors. These sensors immediately identify any barriers or interruptions in the machine’s path and activate an alert through a buzzer, preventing potential damage or disruption to the sowing process. The machine's capability to handle large-scale seed sowing in a controlled manner makes it suitable for modern agriculture, where time and precision are critical. This fully automated system reduces the need for manual labor and enhances productivity by on soil moisture,temperature,andhumidityconditions.

enabling faster planting over larger areas. The careful integration of sensors for real-time monitoring ensures that the system can function autonomously while maintaining high operational standards. By enhancing the accuracy of seed depth and spacing, the machine improves overall crop yields and promotes sustainable agriculturalpractices.

The project also addresses the growing demand for technological innovation in farming, where automation plays a key role in increasing efficiency while reducing costs.Thesystem'ssimplicity,coupledwithitsability to handle diverse terrains and planting requirements, positionsitasa valuableassetinprecisionfarming.The addition of sensors, motors, and an automated feedback mechanism makes this project a step toward smarter agricultural machinery, paving the way for future advancementsinseedplantingtechnology.

8. FUTURE SCOPE

Thecurrentdesignoffersasolidfoundationfor future advancements. One major improvement could involve increasing the number of sowing arms, allowing the system to plant seeds in multiple rows simultaneously, reducing the time spent on large-scale sowing.Futureversionscouldexpandtoaccommodate6 or 8 rows of planting, significantly improving efficiency in larger agricultural operations. Additionally, the integration of GPS-based navigation could allow the machine to autonomously map out the field and adjust the sowing pattern in real-time based on terrain variations.

Another significant enhancement would be the incorporation of GSM technology to enable remote monitoring and control of the system. This would allow farmers to track and manage the sowing processfrom a distance, receiving real-time updates on the machine’s status, seed distribution, and any operational alerts. Furthermore, the system could be connected to a cloud platform for data collection, offering valuable insights ARDUNIO UNO

Fig 1:- Blockdiagram

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

into soil health, seed planting depth, and the effectivenessofthesowingprocess.

In the long term, the seed sowing machine can be integrated into larger, fully automated farming systems, where multiple machines work in coordination to optimize the planting, irrigation, and harvesting processes. This vision aligns with the increasing adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) in agriculture, creating a network of interconnected devices that enhancetheoverallefficiencyofmodernfarms.

9. REFERENCES

 Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi, RolinD.McKinneyBook.

 SwatiD.Sambare,S.S.Belsare,"SeedSowing Using Robotics Technology", International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM), VolumeNo.3,Issue-5,May2015.

 https://www.scribd.com/document/509039859/A utomated-seed-sowing-Machine

 Rashmi A Pandhare and Tejas Padathare, “Design and development Of automatic operated seed sowing machine”, International Journal Of Recent and Innovation Trend in Computing and Communication,Vol.5,No.2,2017.

 SwatiD.SambareandS.S.Belasare,“Useofrobotics technology for Seed sowing in Agriculture”, International Journal of Electrical and Data Communication,Vol.2,No.1,2016