International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 04 | Apr 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
ANALYSIS OF THERMAL COMFORT IN PREFABRICATED BUILDINGS Ch. Sri Durga Lakshmi Prasanna, V. Radhika Student, Faculty of Architecture, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute. Chennai, India Director, Faculty of Architecture, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute. Chennai, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Prefabricated construction has become a pivotal
cement boards) to determine which offers optimal thermal comfort in hot climates. PUF panels are lightweight and insulating but may allow some heat gain. GFRG panels provide moderate insulation, balancing thermal comfort and sustainability. V-panels, known for their low U-value, effectively reduce heat transfer, offering stable indoor temperatures with reduced cooling demands. By comparing these materials through thermal simulations, this research aims to identify the material that best supports comfortable, energy-efficient indoor climates in warm regions, helping guide sustainable material choices for prefabricated construction.
strategy in addressing the global demand for affordable, sustainable, and rapidly deployable housing. Particularly in warm-humid climates, where thermal discomfort leads to increased energy demands, the selection of appropriate building envelope materials is crucial. This paper presents a comparative analysis of three prefabricated panel systems: Polyurethane Foam (PUF) Panels, Glass Fibre Reinforced Gypsum (GFRG) Panels, and Fibre Cement Boards (V-Panels). Using dynamic thermal simulation models and applying the ASHRAE 55 and NBC 2016 standards for thermal comfort, the study evaluates the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) indices, energy consumption patterns, and the overall thermal performance over a continuous 72-hour monitoring period. Results underscore the superior insulation efficiency and comfort stability provided by V-Panels, primarily due to their low Uvalue (0.33 W/m²K) and consistent PMV scores within the comfort threshold. The findings aim to inform policy decisions and design frameworks for climate-resilient prefabricated housing.
1.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION Thermal comfort in prefabricated buildings is essential for occupant well-being, productivity, and energy efficiency. In warm and humid regions, achieving a comfortable indoor climate can be challenging due to high outdoor temperatures and humidity levels. Prefabricated materials have varying thermal properties, impacting how well they insulate against outdoor heat. Understanding the performance of PUF, GFRG, and V-panels is critical for developing effective solutions for energy-efficient prefabricated buildings. This study aims to provide insights into selecting appropriate materials that maximize thermal comfort and reduce energy demands, particularly in climates that are prone to high temperatures and humidity.
Key Words: Prefabricated buildings, Thermal comfort, PUF panels, GFRG panels, V-Panels, U-value, PMV index, simulation, Building envelope materials
1.INTRODUCTION Prefabricated buildings are increasingly popular due to their fast assembly, cost-effectiveness, and environmental benefits. Unlike traditional construction, prefabrication involves manufacturing building components, such as wall panels and frames, off-site in a controlled environment. These parts are then quickly assembled on-site, reducing construction time, labour, and waste, making them ideal for residential and commercial projects seeking efficiency and sustainability. However, achieving thermal comfort in prefabricated structures, especially in warm and humid climates like India, poses challenges. Thermal comfort, how well indoor temperatures match occupant preferences, is critical for well-being and energy efficiency. In warm climates, materials with high thermal conductivity and low insulation allow excessive heat transfer, making indoor spaces uncomfortable and increasing reliance on cooling systems, which leads to higher energy costs.
2.OBJECTIVES
This study focuses on assessing three prefabricated materials Polyurethane Foam (PUF) panels, Glass Fiber Reinforced Gypsum (GFRG) panels, and V-panels (Fiber
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To conduct a critical review of thermal comfort metrics, with a focus on ASHRAE 55, NBC 2016, IMAC, and ENS 2018/2021 frameworks. To determine the thermo-physical properties (thermal conductivity, specific heat, thermal diffusivity, U-values) of PUF, GFRG, and V-Panels using both empirical data and published literature. To perform real-time thermal profiling in prefabricated units over a period of 72 hours using calibrated data loggers and sensors. To simulate thermal behaviour using sefaira evaluating PMV indices, energy consumption in kWh/year, for initial simulation readings. To identify the material offering optimal thermal performance under diurnal temperature fluctuations in warm-humid climates.
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