A Review on Multi Sense Traffic Analyzer

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 02 |Feb 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

A Review on Multi Sense Traffic Analyzer

Tanushri Wadurkar1, Prof. Nilesh Wadhe2, Sanyukta Lande3, Vedant Ghadge4, Aman Shende5

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology and Research, Maharashtra, India.

Abstract - The growing challenges in urban traffic management necessitate innovative solutions that can enhance road safety, environmental sustainability, and law enforcement efficiency. The Multi-Sense Traffic Analyzer is a portable, all-in-one device designed to assist traffic police by integrating four essential functionalities: vehicle speed measurementusingDopplerradar,alcoholdetectionthrough ahigh-sensitivitybreathanalyzer,carbonmonoxideemission analysis,andCNGleakdetectionforsafety.Thisdeviceaimsto provide a comprehensive solution to modern traffic enforcement challenges by combining multiple sensors in a singleunit,offeringreal-time,accurate,andreliabledata.The Multi-Sense Traffic Analyzer is intended to streamline traffic law enforcement, reduce accidents caused by speeding or intoxicated driving, and help control vehicle emissions, contributing to environmental protection. By offering a lightweight and user-friendly design, this system serves as a cost-effective, scalable solution for traffic management in urban environments, aligning with the goals of smart city initiatives. Through this project, the team aims to develop an innovative and socially responsible product that benefits public safety and contributes to building safer and more sustainable cities.

Key Words: Multi-Sense Traffic Analyzer, Doppler Radar, BreathAnalyzer,CarbonMonoxideEmission, CNG Leak Detection, Traffic Enforcement, Road Safety, Smart Cities

1.INTRODUCTION

Trafficmanagementisanessentialaspectofmodernurban planning,ensuringsmoothtrafficflowandenhancingroad safety.Overtheyears,varioustechnologieshaveemergedto addressthechallengesoftrafficmonitoring,management, andenforcement.Sensornetworks,forinstance,havegained significant attention for their role in real-time traffic monitoring.Thesenetworkshelpdetectandmeasuretraffic conditions, providing critical data for efficient traffic management[1].Additionally,trafficmanagementsystems haveevolvedsignificantlywiththeadventofreal-timedata processing,enablingmoreefficientmanagementofvehicular movement [2]. The incorporation of these systems has sparkedinterestinclassificationmodels,whichaimtoassess traffic-relatedchallengeswhileprovidingpotentialsolutions [3].

Inparallel,advancementsinautomatedsystemshavemade their wayinto trafficenforcement. One suchinnovation is theE-Challansystem,designedfortheonlinemanagementof trafficruleviolationsandpenalties,whichhasstreamlined enforcementprocesses[4].Additionally,varioustechnologies such as Doppler radar have been explored for their applicationsinmeasuringhumanwalkingspeedsandvehicle speeds,crucialforsafetyinareassuchaselderlycare[5]and law enforcement [6]. These innovations have also been extendedtoenhancetheaccuracyandportabilityofradar systemsusedintrafficmonitoring[7].

Another important aspect of traffic safety is pollution monitoring. The role of automated systems in monitoring carbon monoxide emissions from vehicles has been increasingly emphasized, as the environmental impact of automobiles continues to be a significant concern [9]. Alongside,theintegrationofbreathanalyzertechnologyinto vehicles as part of alcohol detection systems has the potentialtogreatlyreducealcohol-relatedaccidentsonthe road[11][12].Furthermore,theintroductionofmonitoring systems for compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles addressespotentialsafetyhazardslinkedtofuelleaks,thus promotingsaferandmoresustainabletransportation[13].

Finally, the application of speed detection instruments continuestoevolve.Varioussystemshavebeenproposedfor accurateandreliablevehiclespeedmeasurement,ensuring that speed limits are adhered to for road safety purposes [14][15].Thesetechnologiesprovideessentialdatatohelp enforce speed regulations, ultimately enhancing traffic managementandsafety.

2. LITERATURE SURVEY

Incitiesexperiencingrapidvehiclegrowth,trafficcongestion and associated challenges like accidents, pollution, and health problems, pose significant challenges. Traffic management systems, designed to enhance efficiency and safety, gather data from diverse sources to identify and mitigatehazardseffectively[1].Oneapproachuseswireless sensor networks for traffic monitoring, achieving high accuracyinvehicledetectionandspeedmeasurement[2]. Real-timetrafficmanagementmechanisms,suchasadaptive scheduling and regulation, ensure efficiency under fluctuatingnetworkconditions[3].Onlineplatforms,likethe E-Challansystem,streamlinetrafficinfractionmanagement, enhancing user convenience while reducing manual processesandencouragingcompliancewithtrafficlaws[4].

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 02 |Feb 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

This paper presents a human walking speed estimation algorithmutilizingDopplerradarforpassivegaitassessment in elderly adults, improving accuracyover traditional FFT methods[5].Thesecondstudysurveysrecentdevelopments in VHF and UHF Doppler radars for probing clear atmosphericconditions,offeringinsightsintosystemdesign considerations[6].Aportableradartestsystem,designedfor rapid deployment in battlefield scenarios, is introduced, providing a comprehensive approach to radar testing and evaluation[7].Thefourthstudycomparestheaccuracyof traffic data collection devices, highlighting the V-BOX GPS and automated traffic classifiers as the most accurate [8]. Hollman reports that the first mandated oxygenated fuels programinColoradoin1988resultedinan8-11%reduction in carbon monoxide levels, though the Mobile3 modelling usedtopredictimprovementshasshownerrors[9].ASmart PUC Monitoring system was developed to measure CO concentration in vehicles. Using RFID, GSM modem, and microcontrollertechnology,thesystemtracksCOlevelsand flags vehicles with excessive emissions. This system promotes transparency, compliance with emissions standards,andmitigatesthenegativeimpactsofpollution and global warming [10]. Recent advancements in breath analyzer technology focus on enhancing usability, costeffectiveness,andaccuracy.Anewprototypeeliminatesthe mouthpiece,reducesexpirationtime,andemploysinfrared transmissionspectroscopytomeasurebothalcoholandCO2 levels, compensating for sample dilution. Experimental results on sensitivity and resolution demonstrated promisingoutcomes,thoughfurtheroptimizationisneeded forimprovedperformance[11].Astudyoncollegestudents’ drinking habits used the BACtrack Mobile Pro, a personal breathalyzer connected to a smartphone app, to explore responsibledrinkingbehaviors.Basedonthefindings,anew systemandappinterfaceweredesignedtoencouragesafer drinkingpractices[12].CNGvehiclefueltankstandardsaim tominimizetankfailuresthroughfireexposuretestingand the evaluation of pressurized tank failures. Some failures have occurred because fire exposure did not activate the Pressure Relief Devices (PRDs). Revisions to fire testing, thermal protection, and inspection practices are recommended to prevent these failures [13]. This study refines a method for measuring cosmological distances in AGN by using intrinsic brightness temperature, exploring how future observations could improve the accuracy of cosmologicalparametersbasedonflaredata[14].Thestudy also examines the performance of MQ-2 and MQ-6 gas sensorswithanArduinosystemforLPGleakdetection.Both sensors had similar response times, but MQ-6 showed greater sensitivity with higher ppm values. The optimal sensor placement for accurate detection was found to be between 20 cm and 40 cm from the gas source. These findings indicate that while both sensors can effectively detectLPGgas,MQ-6providesbettersensitivity,makingita more reliable choice for practical applications. this is the input[15].

3. Problem Statement

Therapidgrowthinurbanizationandincreasingnumbersof vehicles,managingtraffic,ensuringroadsafety,andkeeping theenvironmentcleanhavebecomemuchharder.Thetools currentlyusedbytrafficpoliceareoftenlarge,designedto doonlyonespecificjob,andnotveryefficient.Thismakesit difficultforofficerstohandletheirworkeffectivelyanddeal withallthechallengestheyfaceontheroad.Trafficpolice require a modern, efficient, and integrated solution to addresscriticalissuessuchas:

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1.Enforcingspeedlimitstoreduceaccidentscaused byspeeding.

2.Identifyingintoxicateddriverstopreventalcoholrelatedroadincidents.

3.Monitoringvehicularcarbonmonoxideemissions to ensure compliance with environmental regulations.

4.DetectingCNG(CompressedNaturalGas)leaksto enhancevehicleandpublicsafety.

TheMultiSenseTrafficAnalyzeraimstosolvethisproblem by developing a lightweight, portable, and user-friendly devicethatintegratesfourkeyfunctionalities:vehiclespeed measurementusingimageprocessing,alcoholdetectionviaa breath analyzer, carbon monoxide emission analysis, and CNG leak detection using advanced sensors. This solution will empower traffic officers to carry out their duties efficiently, improving road safety, environmental compliance,andoverallurbantrafficmanagement.

4. Methodology

4.1 Design and Integration

Theinitialstepindevelopingtheportableall-in-onetraffic gadgetinvolvescreatinga compactandintegrateddesign. The device aims to combine multiple functionalities, including speed measurement, alcohol detection, carbon monoxidemonitoring,and CNGleak detection.Toachieve this,thedesignmustfocusonaspeedmonitoringbyimage processing, a breath analyzer, a carbon monoxide sensor, andaCNGleakdetectorintoasingle,portableunit.

ComponentSelection:

Careful selection of components is critical to the performance and reliability of the gadget. High-quality sensors with proven accuracy and durability are chosen. Compatibilitybetweenthesesensorsisensuredtofacilitate seamlessdataintegration.Additionalconsiderationsinclude the size and weight of components, as the device’s portabilityisakeydesignrequirement.Powerefficiencyis alsoprioritizedtoensureprolongedfielduse.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 02 |Feb 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

4.2 Prototype Development

HardwareAssembly:

Intheprototypestage,theselectedsensorsandcomponents arephysicallyassembledintoadurablecasing.Thiscasingis designedtowithstandfieldconditions,includingpotential drops or environmental stressors. The layout of the componentswithinthecasingensuresminimalinterference betweensensorsandoptimizesaccessibilityforbothusers and maintenance purposes. Lightweight but robust materials,suchasreinforcedpolymersoraluminumalloys, areusedtoconstructthecasing.

SoftwareDevelopment:

The software aspect of the device involves developing an interfacethatprocessesanddisplaysreal-timesensordata.

• Dataintegrationfromallsensors.

• Real-timealertsandfeedbacktotheuser.

• An intuitive graphical interface, possibly with touchscreencapabilities,toensureeasynavigation.

• Support for data logging and export for further analysis.Thesoftwareisbuiltwith modularityinmindto allow for future updates and integration of additional features.

4.3 Testing

FunctionalTesting:

Eachcomponentofthegadgetundergoesfunctionaltesting. Thisinvolvesverifyingthattheimageprocessingaccurately measuresvehiclespeed,thebreathanalyzerreliablydetects alcohollevels,thecarbonmonoxidesensorprovidesprecise readings, and the CNG leak detector identifies gas leaks within safety thresholds. These tests ensure individual sensoraccuracyandreliability.

Calibration:

Afterinitialfunctionaltesting,thesensorsarecalibratedto ensureprecision.Forexample:

• Thebreathanalyzeriscalibratedagainststandard alcoholconcentrationlevels.

• ThecarbonmonoxidesensorandCNGleakdetector are tested against controlled concentrations of gases. The calibration process involves adjusting sensor settings and recalibratingasneededbasedonobserveddiscrepancies.

4.4 Components:

• Speedmonitoringbyimageprocessing

Speedmonitoringthroughimageprocessingusesacamera tocaptureimagesorvideoofvehicles.Thesystemanalyses theseimagestocalculatethevehicle'sspeedbymeasuring the time it takes to travel between two points of known distance.

• MQ3SensorforAlcoholDetection

TheMQ3sensorisagassensorisusedtodetectalcoholin theair.Itusesasensitivesemiconductorlayerthatreactsto alcohol molecules, causing changes in its electrical conductivity.

• MQ4SensorforCNGDetection

TheMQ4sensorisagassensordesignedtodetectmethane (CH₄)andCNGintheair.Itusesasensitivesemiconductor layerthatchangesitsconductivitybasedonthepresenceof thesegases.

• MQ5SensorforLPGDetection

TheMQ5sensorisagassensordesignedtodetectliquefied petroleumgas(LPG),aswellasmethaneandnaturalgas.It operatesusingasensitivesemiconductorlayerthatchanges itsconductivitywhenexposedtothesegases.

• MQ7SensorforCarbonMonoxide(CO)Detection

TheMQ7sensorisdesignedtodetectcarbonmonoxide(CO) gas.ItusesasemiconductorlayerthatreactstoCO,changing itselectricalconductivitybasedonthegasconcentration.

• MiCS-6814SensorforNO,NO₂,andNH₃Detection

TheMiCS-6814isamulti-gassensorthatdetectsnitrogen oxide(NO),nitrogendioxide(NO₂),andammonia(NH₃).It usesmultiplesensingelementsonasemiconductorlayerto identifyandmeasurethesegases.

4.5 Field Trials

Aseriesoffieldtrialsisconductedtoevaluatetheprototype in real-world scenarios. These trials involve collaborating withtrafficofficers,whousethedeviceinvarioussituations, includingspeedmonitoring, roadside breathtests,and air qualitychecks.Feedbackiscollectedregardingperformance, accuracy,andusability.

4.6 Finalization

DesignFinalization:

Incorporatinginsightsfromfieldtrialsandfurthertesting, the device design is finalized. Key considerations include portability, durability, accuracy, and ease of use. The final

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 02 |Feb 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

designisdocumentedindetail,coveringspecificationsfor components,hardwarelayout,andsoftwarefunctionality.

ADopplerradarisaspecializedradarthatusestheDoppler effecttoproducevelocity&directiondataaboutobjectsata distance.Itdoesthisbybouncingamicrowavesignaloffa desired target and analyzing how the object's motion has alteredthefrequencyofthereturnedsignal.Thisvariation givesdirectandhighlyaccuratemeasurementsoftheradial componentofa target'svelocityrelative to the radar. The termappliestoradarsystemsinmanydomainslikeaviation, policeradardetectors,navigation,meteorology,etc.

The emittedsignal towardthecarisreflectedback with a variation of frequency that depends on the speed away/towardtheradar.

v=(f(changeinfrequency)/f)*(c/2)

where:f-transmittedfrequency,c-speedoflight

5 EXPECTED OUTCOMES

 Vehicle Speed Measurement: The device will accurately measure vehicle speed, making traffic enforcementmoreeffectiveandhelpingtoreduce accidentsbyaddressingspeeding.Thiswillalsoaid inbettertrafficmanagementanddecisionmaking. Enhanced speed detection will support improved compliance with traffic laws and safer road conditions. Accurate speed data will contribute to

better traffic flow and accident prevention strategies.

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Alcohol Detection: It will reliably detect alcohol, helping to identify impaired drivers and prevent accidentscausedbydrunkdriving.Thesystemwill workconsistentlyinvariousconditions,promoting road safety and encouraging compliance with alcohollimits.Increaseddetectionaccuracywillhelp lawenforcementtaketimelyactionagainstimpaired drivers. The device will support public safety initiativesandcontributetooverallroadsafety.

 CarbonMonoxideEmissionMonitoring:Thedevice will track carbon monoxide emissions to ensure vehiclesmeetenvironmentalstandardsandreduce their impact on air quality. This will help enforce emission rules and support cleaner air. Accurate monitoring will aid in identifying vehicles that exceed emission limits and need attention. The device will also provide valuable data for environmentalpoliciesandpollutioncontrolefforts.

 LeakDetection:CNGItwilldetectCNGleaksquickly, preventingpotentialdangerslikefiresorexplosions and improving safety for CNG vehicles. Real-time alerts will allow for immediate action to address leaks.

 UsabilityandDesign:Thedevicewillbelightweight and easy to use, making it convenient for traffic policetooperate.Withreal-timedataanalysis,itwill help make quick decisions and improve overall trafficsafety.Enhanceddetectionwillensuresafer operation of CNG-powered vehicles in urban environments.Thedevicewillcontributetooverall safetyandhelpavoidhazardoussituationsrelatedto CNGleaks.Cost-

 Effectiveness and Integration: By combining multiplesensorsintooneaffordabledevice,itwillbe apracticalsolutionfortrafficmanagement.Thiswill encourage wider use by different agencies and support smart city projects with advanced monitoring and data collection. The cost-effective designwillmakeitaccessibletomoreorganizations and improve traffic safety on a larger scale. Integration of various sensors will provide a comprehensive solution for modern traffic managementneeds.

CONCLUSIONS

Therearemanywaysinwhichthesetechniquescanachieve thesameresult.TheMulti-SenseTrafficAnalyzerwillbeused to detect the speed of vehicles, breath alcohol content, flammablegaseslikeCNGandLPG(commonlyusedasfuel alternativesincars),andairpollutantslikeCO,NO₂,andNH₃.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 02 |Feb 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Instead of Doppler, we can also use image processing to detect the speed of vehicles. However, to achieve more efficient results, we used the Doppler technique. This techniquecanprovideanappropriatesolutiontothecurrent requirementsandissuesfacedbytrafficpolice.

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