There is a growing recognition of the potential of life sciences research intended for peaceful purposes and public benefits which
can be misused and directed for bio-warfare and bioterrorism. This has led to the emergence of what is now known as the “dual use”
dilemma‖ and the continuing debate on the dual use nature of biotechnology research with potentials for biological weapons making.
Dual use potential of biotechnology has been underappreciated by the life sciences and wider communities until recently, when
terrorism has increased awareness and concern about it and how it poses a threat to nation’s security.
