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Potential Development Prospect of Nano Diamond Application
from 101 China Grinding
Text/Wang Guangzu Zhengzhou Abrasive Grinding Research Institute
Nanotechnology and nanomaterials are a very important technological territory that people competed for in the 21st century. Whoever has a place in this "fertile" territory first is the winner. What I want to tell you here is that nano-diamond is a leader in the nano-material family. Why is nanodiamond a leader in the nanomaterial family? In short, it is determined by its many excellent characteristics.
In the 1980s, a high-tech product-nanomaterials was born. Its magical characteristics and extremely wide application prospects are very attractive.
Nanotechnology has brought human understanding of nature to a new level. From then on, a number of new disciplines will be born, more new materials will be created, many new concepts and theories will be established one after another, the production mode of material products will change rapidly, and social life will undergo great changes. International scientific and technological authorities predict that the 21st century is the nanometer century, and the development of nanotechnology has far-reaching significance comparable to the industrial revolution in the 18th century. As a result, every big country is now emphasizing that nanotechnology will determine the fate of the country in the 21st century.
With the end of the micron age, the nano age began to cast the first light of dawn on the world. Where will the center of world civilization appear in the future? One thing is certain is that in the nano age, whoever has mastered the most advanced nanotechnology and who can benefit from nanotechnology first has the potential to become the center of a new generation of world civilization.
With the advent of the nano era, the first thing people feel must be the nano economy established on the basis of nano technology. The formation process of nano economy, first of all, nano products stand out from the basic research of nano technology. The emergence of nano diamond is one example. The gradual maturity of this product and the gradual expansion of its influence make the nano industry more and more prominent in the entire national economy and the proportion is gradually increasing. Historical experience tells us that countries that once attached importance to micron technology have become developed countries today, and nanotechnology provides people with new opportunities. Countries that attach importance to nanomaterials today will take the lead in the future hightech competition.
It should be pointed out that modern science and technology often innovate at the intersection. It is precisely because nanotechnology is a multi-disciplinary crossintegration that it is full of original innovation opportunities. Scientists are also willing to work in this field to obtain the results of original innovation. The cross-integration of multiple disciplines on the nano-scale is the great vitality of nanotechnology, and it has rapidly formed a research field with a wide range of subject content and potential application prospects.
Nanomaterials are the foundation of nanotechnology. Because nanomaterials have the characteristics of small particle size, large specific surface area, high surface energy, and a large proportion of surface atoms, coupled with their four unique effects: small size effect, quantum size effect, Quantum tunneling effect and surface effect, nanomaterials possess strange or abnormal physical and chemical properties that traditional materials do not have.
Nano-diamond is an important member of the nanomaterial family. It not only retains the comprehensive and excellent characteristics of diamond, but also has a good biological compatibility that is harmless to the human body; it has a huge transmission to radar waves and infrared ultraviolet light. Rate and absorption, excellent cold cathode field emission effect, there are many carboxyl, hydrocarbon, carbonyl and other functional groups on the surface, it is easy to be closely combined with metal, rubber, plastic polymer, fabric surface, etc, so as to provide the technical basis and development space for the application of nanodiamond, this paper cites the following specific examples to illustrate.
1.Electrochemical and Electroless Plating of Nanodiamond and Metal
Experimental research shows that the application of nano-diamond in electroplating technology has the following advantages:
1.1 improve the quality and structural characteristics of products
Excellent wear resistance and high microhardness;
• High adhesion and low coefficient of friction;
High electrical insulation performance of anodized aluminum film;
High corrosion resistance;
The diffusion capacity of electrolyte has increased rapidly;
High elasticity.
1.2 the service life of products is increased by 1-9 times.
1.3 can save materials, energy and labor consumption.
1.4 The productivity of electroplating line is increased by 20%-50%, which is the same as that of plating.
The decrease in degree is related to the increase in the speed of film formation.
1.5The economic characteristics of the point solution process are improved.
2． Nano diamond is used for lubricating oil, solid lubricant and lubricating coolant
Nano diamond additive lubricating oil has the following advantages:
2.1 improve the quality and competitiveness of products; Improve the working life of the transport tool box device; Save oil burning materials.
2.2 friction momentum decreases by 20%-40%.
2.3 friction surface wear is reduced by 30%-40%.
2.4 fast running-in of friction pair.
The unit consumption of nano diamond is -0.1-0.2kg in 1000kg of lubricating oil.
3. Nano diamond is used for grinding and polishing
The United States, Britain and other countries have prepared nano polishing liquid and sold it. Conventional polishing liquid is to put particles of different particle sizes into the base liquid to make polishing agent, which is widely used in metallographic polishing, advanced camera lens polishing, advanced crystal polishing and rock polishing. The finest particle size is generally in the micron to sub-micron scale. With the rapid development of high technology, the surface of the crystal is required to have a higher finish. This requires that the particles in the polishing agent become finer and narrower, and the nanoparticles provide the basis for achieving this goal. At present, the ultra-fine polishing liquid and polishing paste configured with nano diamond can be used for fine polishing of red, sapphire, jewelry, advanced optical lens and laser lens, and the surface roughness can reach Rmax << 1nm.
The polishing system containing nano-diamond has the following advantages:
3.1 nano diamond ultra-fine size can ensure the minimum surface roughness and the colloid stability of polishing system.
3.2 the chemical stability of nano-diamond, it can be used chemically for active additives of polishing system and reduction of polishing system.
3.3 reduce the component of polished surface material and reduce material loss.
3.4 due to the ion exchange and adsorption activity of nano-diamond, the activity of ion and molecular products on the surface of nano-diamond can be reduced, that is, the purity of the surface can be ensured.
3.5 the agglomeration structure of nanodiamond agglomerates is beneficial to the agglomeration regulation in suspended polishing systems.
3.6 the system is not poisonous.
3.7 polishing system containing nano-diamond can improve the quality and competitiveness of polishing products to ensure the processability of polishing difficultto-process materials.
For processing a surface of 1 square meter, the unit consumption of nano-diamond is 0.001-0.01kg.
4. Nano-diamond for Magnetic Recording System
First of all, nano-diamond is used as an anti-wear additive and a physical modifier in ferromagnetic coating of magnetic tapes and disks. Secondly, adding it to the electrochemical composite film can improve the stability of magnetic recording.
Magnetic nanoparticles have the characteristics of small size, single magnetic domain structure and high coercivity. Making magnetic recording materials with magnetic nanoparticles can improve signal-to-noise ratio and image quality. The size of magnetic particles as magnetic recording units must meet the following requirements:
(A) The length of the particles should be much smaller than the recording wavelength;
(B) The width of the particle should be much smaller than the recording depth;
(C) There should be as many magnetic particles as possible in a unit of recording volume.
4.1 the addition of nano-diamond to the ferromagnetic layer obviously reduces the magnetic domains (particles of ferromagnet), i .e. the recording density obviously increases.
Nano-diamond is introduced into the special film for magnetic head cleaning, and its wear resistance is obviously increased.
The soft magnetic information carrier containing nanodiamond has the following advantages: the wear of the magnetic carrier layer is reduced, which can ensure the best working conditions of the magnetic head and reading, the friction of the magnetic carrier is reduced, and the operation stability is improved. The unit consumption of nanodiamond is 1%-2% of the weight of the paint film.
Compared with pure CoP coating, the soft magnetic amorphous film of CoP-nano diamond 4.2 shows that the microhardness increases 30%. Wear resistance is increased by 3.5 times. The friction coefficient is reduced by 28.6%. The service life of magnetic head core is doubled.
Compared with pure electrochemical or electroless CoP coating, the microhardness of the hard magnetic polycrystal of CoP-nano diamond increases 20%, the corrosion current decreases 37.5%, the service life of the magnetic recording carrier increases, and the magnetic properties of the soft magnetic amorphous or hard magnetic coating do not change when nano diamond is added.
When the layer thickness is 1.1 to the negative 6th power m, the unit consumption of nano-diamond is about 1 karat for 1 square m.
5. For stealth materials
In recent years, with the development of science and technology, various detection methods have become more and more advanced. For example, the use of radar to emit electromagnetic waves can detect aircraft; the use of infrared detectors can also find infrared radiation objects. At present, in order to meet the needs of modern warfare and improve their strength in military confrontation, countries around the world also regard stealth technology as an important research object, among which stealth materials occupy an important position in stealth technology. Suspend a small amount of nano-diamond in the paint and spray it on airplanes, tanks, missiles, and warships, which can play an invisible anti-corrosion role.
Why do ultrafine particles, especially nanoparticles, have stealth effects on infrared and electromagnetic waves? There are two main reasons: On the one hand, because the size of the nanoparticles is much smaller than the wavelength of infrared and radar waves, the transmittance of the nanoparticle material to this wavelength is much stronger than that of conventional materials, which greatly reduces the reflectivity of the wave. The reflected signals received by infrared detectors and radars become very weak, so as to achieve stealth; on the other hand, the specific surface area of the nanoparticle material is 3-4 orders of magnitude larger than that of conventional coarse powder, the absorption rate of infrared light and electromagnetic waves is much larger than that of conventional materials, which greatly reduces the intensity of reflected signals obtained by infrared detectors and radars, so it is difficult to find the detected target and plays a stealth role. At present, stealth materials have broad application prospects in many aspects, but most of the stealth materials that really play a role are used in aerospace and military components. One requirement for heavenly materials is light weight. Nanomaterials have advantages in this respect, especially nanomaterials composed of light elements are widely used in aviation stealth.
6. Nano-diamond for medical treatment
The size of nanoparticles is generally much smaller than that of red blood cells and red blood cells in organisms, which provides a new research approach for biological research, that is, the use of nanoparticles for cell separation, cell staining, and the use of nanoparticles to make special drugs Or new antibodies for local treatment, etc., the research on this aspect is now in its infancy, but it has broad application prospects.
Nanodiamond has unusually high adsorption capacity, large specific surface area, a large number of free electrons on the surface (a large number of atomic donors), a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of nanocrystals, the chemical inertness of the particles, and the hydrophilic properties of the surface. It is important for its possible therapeutic agents.
Nano-diamond can be used in oncology, gastroenterology, cardiology, diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases, skin diseases, etc. They have no carcinogenic or mutagenic properties and are not toxic.
Nanodiamond shows very high activity against pathogenic viruses, microorganisms and bacteria. Due to their high adsorption capacity and other uniqueness, they will be strongly adsorbed. They are active adsorbents, which biologically reduce the mobility of active substances and are a means to rapidly strengthen medicinal reagents. The application of nano-diamond can induce normalization of blood pressure. In addition, when the gastrointestinal system is sick, different skin diseases, and visceral poisoning, the use of nano-diamond is effective and is the best means to prevent burns.
The application of nano-diamond in aqueous and oily suspensions is beneficial to the strengthening of tumor medicinal reagents, as well as the reduction and elimination of pain, the normalization of intestinal peristalsis, the improvement of blood indicators, the improvement of life and the activity of the immune system, and the virus Excrete from the organic body, etc.
The application of nanodiamonds in combination with chemical and radiation therapy shows good prospects. In the treatment of malignant neoplasms, it is used to prevent the mutagenicity of effective agents, and nanodiamond will not reduce its efficacy. And can prevent the occurrence of normal cells and secondary tumor induction mutations under the action of cancer prevention agents. A course of treatment requires about 0.2-0.5 grams of nanodiamond.
7. Application of catalysis
Due to the small size of nanoparticles, the volume percentage occupied by the surface is large, the bond state and electronic state of the surface are different from the inside of the particle, and the surface atom coordination is not complete, which leads to the increase of the active position of the surface, which makes it have the basic conditions as a catalyst. Recently, research on the surface morphology of nanoparticles pointed out that with the decrease of particle size, the surface smoothness becomes worse, forming a concave uneven atomic step, which increases the contact surface of the chemical reaction. Some people predict that ultrafine particle catalysts are likely to become the main role of catalytic reactions in the 21st century. Using the characteristics of nano-diamond, such as extremely specific surface, high surface energy and high porosity, it can manufacture small-volume and low-cost catalytic devices instead of the original huge and expensive equipment, and can be used as an environmentally friendly, solar cell box hydrogen storage device.
8. Adding nano-diamond to rubber and polymer can greatly improve its performance
Improve the burst resistance of tires (from 53Mpa to 154Mpa); Increase the elasticity of rubber products by 2 times and increase the wear resistance by 2-5 times; Add it to fluororubber to make rubber devices for engines, and add it to nitrile rubber to make sealing rings can greatly improve the elasticity at low temperatures; Add it to the polymer based on epoxy resin, which can increase the connection strength by 2-2.5 times.
9. Adding nano-diamond to explosive can greatly improve the explosive power
10. Adding nano-diamond to fuel oil can greatly improve the dispersion and combustion value of fuel oil, and achieve the purpose of energy saving, etc.
From the above examples, the application of nanodiamond in various aspects fully shows the pivotal position of nano-diamond in materials science in the 21st century. The attractive application prospect of the magical nanodiamond urges people to explore this brand-new material science field and brand-new research object, expand its application, and make it bring more benefits to mankind. It is believed that in the new century, nano-diamond materials will become a brilliant "star" in the field of materials science ". Exposed in new materials, energy, information and other fields, it plays a pivotal role in enriching the treasure house of human knowledge and bringing good news to mankind.
