CAMPUS FIGHT
GUIDEBOOK FOR A CAMPUS TRANSFORMATION
Space under S4 Highway in SJTU
Space under S4 Highway in SJTU. 16 May 2021.
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CAMPUS GIVES IN. HIGHWAY WINS. In the shadow of the S4 highway, the campus of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) evolves negative spaces and splits into two districts, the east and the west. The shadow of the S4 highway has caused traffic contradictions, cultural fragmentation, and forgotten and daunting spaces on the campus. Like Janette Sadik-Khan’s Streetfight, CAMPUSFIGHT is our ambitious re-imagining of the linear campus space under the S4 Highway, in order to take a different approach to look at our campus, raise students’ awareness to fight for their own rights, and activate inconspicuous but highly used space.
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CHECK OUR PLAN! Led by a team of landscape students from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, interviews were conducted among students from various colleges, and comments were written on whiteboards by pedestrians crossing the tunnels under the highway. We summarized and concluded them to form this guidebook. Afterward, we promoted this project through posters, postcards, tweets, and videos. We hope this campus transformation case will be a useful reference for other schools in the same situation. And WE ARE： Advisor:
Students:
Xiwei Shen ASLA
Jiani Lai
Yufan Xu Student ASLA
Zheng Yin Student Affiliate ASLA
Yuxuan Cai
Yue Chen
Jiayuan Wu
Assistant Professor of Landscape Architecture in University of Nevada-Las Vegas; Teaching Fellow of Landscape Architecture in Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
Mingze Chen Chenye Yang Student International ASLA
Mianzhi Wu
Yuhui Yang
Chenyuan Zhang
Le Zhang
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Contents
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CAMPUS UNDER THE HIGHWAY
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PARTICIPATORY DESIGN AND PLANNING
19 ACCCESS TO PUBLIC RESOURCES
29 BUILD HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT
40 REFERENCES
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CAMPUS UNDER THE HIGHWAY When the campus meets the S4 Highway, congestion, fragmentation, and frustration all appear. If the campus gives in, then the highway wins. However, from our perspective, it doesn’t need to be a zero-sum game between moving traffic and keeping campus space.
· Background · Disconnection · “S4 Effect”
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BACKGROUND
SJTU CAMPUS: TYPICAL CHINESE-STYLE "COMPLEXES" With the rapid development of high-speed transportation construction, high-speed transportation facilities have caused different extents of Fragmentation of urban space, and many of them are crossing university campuses. Most Chinese university campuses are typical Chinese-style "complexes". Compared with open university campuses or external urban roads in other countries, huge differences exist in traffic flow and transportation.
Location of SJTU campus
CAMPUS GIVES IN. HIGHWAY WINS. The campus of SJTU in Minhang District was established in 1985 and completed in 1987. It covers an area of 309.25 hm2. The S4 Hujin Highway (referred to as S4) is a fast track connecting the central activities zone (CAZ) and Minhang, Fengxian, Jinshan districts, which functions as part of the route from Shanghai to Zhejiang. The SJTU part of S4 starts from Jianchuan Road in the north and ends at Dongchuan Road in the south, with a length of 1.3km. Campus suffers. The campus space occupied by the highway is isolated, except for the underpasses for transportation, so as to say the campus gives in, and the highway wins.
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SJTU campus and traffic infomation
BACKGROUND
CAMPUS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, DEEPER S4 IMPACT The satellite images of the Minhang campus of SJTU record the process of campus construction crossing S4 since 2002, from the east to the west. By this process, the impact of the S4 highway on the campus becomes more and more severe as it hinders east-west communication. Timeline 1985
Timeline 1985
2020
Newly constructed architectures
Gardens on campus
Newly constructed architectures
Planned Architectures
Gardens on campus
Planned Architectures
2020
SJTU campus satellite map 2002-2020
S4, A JUNCTURE OF SELF-EXPRESSING
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S4 actually creates triggers of self-expression, like graffiti, in the campus.
Graffiti arts at the site
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4 UNDERPASSES, HEAVY TRAFFIC, DENSE FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS At present, in the Minhang campus of SJTU, there are FOUR PASSAGES passing through the S4 highway green corridor. These four underpasses CONNECT THE EAST AND WEST AREAS of the campus and carry the eastwest traffic of the campus. In descending order of traffic flow, they are Siyuan South Road, Nanyang South Road, Nanyang North Road, Siyuan North Road.
ries
Siyuan South Road connects the most important east and west teaching building blocks of the campus. The traffic flow is extremely heavy, and it is a restricted road for cars. When students need to change classrooms between classes, pedestrians and non-motorized vehicles travel intensively, and motor vehicles are currently prohibited during breaks.
Traffic and blocks conditions of S4 highway through SJTU campus
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DISCONNECTION
DISCONNECTION of MULTIPLE LANDUSE BLOCKS The surrounding land of S4 SJTU section is based on shelterbelts, inlaid with water systems (No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 Rivers and Baihe Pond), campus roads, various sports venues, and dormitories.
Canteen Student Activities Space Teaching Building College Building Dormitory
The transportation between the teaching areas of the east and west areas HAVE TO CROSS S4.
Water Green Space Special Woodland
Due to the early construction of some buildings on the SJTU, there are a certain amount of existing buildings on the west side of the S4 highway green corridor, including student dormitories and buildings that carry student activities. These buildings and their ancillary spaces are affected by the larger S4 highway. Negative effects such as noise and negative space. At the same time, the intersection of these buildings and S4 forms a negative interface.
Dorm District Other Underpass
One of the Underpass Entrances with Road Blocks One of the Underpass Entrances with Road Blocks. 16 May 2021.
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Landuse and underpasses
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"S4 EFFECT"
S4 EFFECT
-CONGESTION, FRAGMENTATION, and FRUSTRATION caused by S4 through the campus The S4 high-speed crossing of the Minhang campus of SJTU has brought serious negative effects such as spatial fragmentation, audiovisual interference, negative interfaces, and water accumulation in the passage. In addition, it also caused problems such as hidden traffic hazards and environmental pollution.
CHALLENGES FACED BY THE SJTU SECTION OF S4:
Space fragmented. The division affects the accessibility and functional continuity of the spaces on both sides of the S4 expressway.
Both sides of S4 are the core area of the campus, including the teaching building in the east area, the teaching building in the west area, and the six dormitory areas;
Audiovisual interference. The spatial permeability of the campus landscape and the relationship between sceneries are interrupted on both sides.
S4 expressway hinders student commuting and the accessibility of buildings on both sides;
With the construction of the campus, the density of buildings on both sides of S4 has increased significantly, and they are squeezed to high speed in space;
S4 highway obstructs the greenway in the core area of campus activities;
Negative interface. The area surrounding S4 are mostly sports fields, vacant land, shelterbelts, and back of buildings. Except for sports fields, these intersections are rarely visited and extensively managed.
S4 highway intensified the sharp traffic conflicts on campus, especially on Siyuan South Road; With the construction of campuses and subway lines, the east-west traffic flow continues to increase. It is particularly noteworthy that the completion of Line 15 (early 2021) is expected to increase the east-west traffic between Line 5 and Line 15.
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Water accumulation in the channel. The parts of Siyuan South Rd. and Siyuan North Rd. crossing S4 take the form of underpass tunnels, creating water catchment points.
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m
60m
m 10m
32.5
32.5 10m
Architectures Green-line
e Pretective grennbelt
S4 highway expanded area Existing S4 highway area
The status of the surrounding area conditions
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PARTICIPATORY DESIGN AND PLANNING As the conclusion of previous research and analysis, three Key Issues are selected: Spatial disconnection, campus ecology crisis, and culture problem.
S4 Campus Fight challenges the traditional top-down planning model and community culture, relying on data technology tools, spatial governance, and community-based social governance to propose a more open and natural smart community model. Students, campus faculty and local citizens will engage in this new design and planning process.
· Introduction · Culture Evolution · Public Education · Public Engagement
How does it work?
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What activities to do?
Design Research
Build Engagement
Operation
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CULTURE EVOLUTION The S4 highway crossing the campus has had a number of impacts, not only in terms of spatial fragmentation, but also in terms of the particular culture that has been bred on campus as a result.
What is Missing from our Campus? As a strong discipline of science and engineering, SJTU has long been known as a cultural desert. In the evaluation, the strong study and research atmosphere of SJTU was mentioned, but the cultural atmosphere of the campus was seldom measured.
In this part, we aim to transform and enhance the negative aspects of campus culture through research and study, and encourage students to create new cultures.
The large-scale cultural and art activities in the university include traditional culture month, "Qiyuan" lantern show, "Dance Time" dance drama, science and technology week, oasis music festival, welcome party for new students, military training party, graduation party, campus singer contest, New Year's Eve party, 1229 teachers and students singing party, Mid-Autumn road show and so on. Insufficient removal of humanities class learning communication, the weakness of SJTU campus' cultural atmosphere is mainly due to the lack of individuality expression of personal cultivation.
Underpass and Graffiti 周思未 . “一周诗画 : 《涂鸦》等（2020.11.2-11.6）.” 微信公众平台 , 校园映画 , 8 Nov. 2020, https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/9TwR8mQQomN7YdGvCrofzw.
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CULTURE EVOLUTION
CAMPUS IMAGE Kevin Lynch describes the characteristics of Boston, Jersey City and Los Angeles through investigation, observation and analysis, and draws five important elements that influence the urban image -- ROAD, BOUNDARY, REGION, NODE and MARKER.
After investigation and selection, the campus image of SJTU includes: Three gates: Siyuan Gate, East Gate and South Gate, which are affectionately called "Slipper Gate", "Temple Gate" and "Triumphal Arch" by teachers and students because of their appearance characteristics;
Just like the transformation of a city, when we are transforming a campus, we are also transforming the impression of the campus in people's minds -- its visual feelings, including the overall appearance, the architectural complex, and also the local form of a certain place. Therefore, the five important elements can also influence the image of the campus.
A rectangular campus skeleton; New Library, Pao Yuk-kong Library, New Administration Building, Lee Teng Dao Library, Fok Ying-Tung Sports Institute Library, Broken Arm Venus, Centennial Eagle Tablet; College of Telecommunications Building, Michigan College, Old Media School, New Science Building;
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Siyuan Lake, Hanze Lake, Botanical Garden, Rose Garden, etc.
Parts of SJTU Images
Lynch, Kevin. The Image of the City. The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-62001-4. 1960.
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Different combinations of traffic roads and channels
THE DISRUPTION, PASSAGES, LAYOUT GIVEN BY S4 S4 crossing SJTU, the eastern and western campus also formed two completely different cultural atmosphere. Among them, the western campus retains good historical and cultural characteristics, while the eastern campus was built late, which resulted in the pattern of industrial park.
Surrounding block types distribution
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In additional, because of the intervention of S4, some typical cultural phenomenons have also been formed, for example, the methods of traffic under the S4 and the land layout around the highway.
PUBLIC EDUCATION
"3-STEP" PUBLIC EDUCATION We hope to convey the ecological benefits of landscape design to people, and use landscape methods to popularize nature education. Through ecological and cultural-related posters, the project played a role in popularizing science and publicity.
To improve the artistic and cultural atmosphere on campus, the steps of Exploring campus culture, Transforming artistic symbols and Designing visual effects are generally followed.
In this design, the campus is transformed according to the logic of enhancing the attraction, art and culture education, and personal expression & revolution.
CAMPUSFIGHT
Finally, we'll achieve the purpose of enhancing the campus cultural atmosphere and forming new cultural phenomena. According to the actual conditions of SJTU, we can focus on the improvement and resconstrcution in three major areas: GREENLANDS, STREETS and the UNDER HIGHWAY.
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THE PIONEER: "ACTIVATION POINTS" In addition to using major areas such as recreation greenland, streers and the space under bridges to drive cultural renewal, we also plan to implement small changes at small nodes to IMPLANT HUMANITIES AND ARTS into campus life and make it become a new habit. We call these small nodes "activation points". After classification and screening, they are finally divided into four categories, namely, Installation activation points, Landscape activation points, Interaction activation points and Science popularization activation points.
Heat map of a working day in SJTU
To arrange these activation popints, we decide to decorate the activation point along the main functional areas. First, we select the main functional areas based on the 24-hour heat map and connect them with lines on the floor plan (ignore the realistic texture)if we attempt to create new culture in the real world when planning the innovation, a level of thought that removes the existing texture should be retained . In addition, according to the existing main road structure and the traffic junctions, we select some main intersection points. By the way, nearby the important traffic points, the balance of the attraction and safety issues needed to be mentioned.
GREENLAND
STREET
UNDER HIGHWAY
Modtanoi. Výsledok Vyhľadávania Obrázkov Pre Dopyt University Campus Landscape Design. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/414260865716002956/. Gollings, John. “街道两旁的建筑和路边的基础设施，the Infrastructures beside the Road.” Constitution Ave, Canberra, Australia / Jane Irwin Landscape Architecture, Gooood.cn, 3 May 2017, https://www.gooood.cn/constitution-ave-jane-irwin-landscape-architecture.htm?lang=en. 新景观设计 . “景观座椅，城市中‘风骚‘的风景线！.” Edited by 景观中国 , 景观座椅，城市中“风骚”的风景线！ , Sohu.com, 4 Jan. 2020, https://www.sohu.com/a/364693009_663589.
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Three major areas
PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT
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PUBLIC ENGAGE
TOOLKITS
Display representative art devices in all periods
Science and technology education of humanities and arts
ART INSTALLATION
STATION RENOVATION
As a small community, the campus has too many nodes worth lighting up, such as an intersection, a bus stop, an unbeautiful wall, a small piece of wall... There are many ways to change. The first method is to place art sculptures in crowded corner gardens, on the side of streets, or in any less welcoming corner.
The second method is to transform the platform of the campus bus near the S4 expressway.
They can be works by famous contemporary or historical artists and be replaced regularly. This approach can not only improve the visual appeal, but also to the teachers and students of science education, and even to a certain extent, change people's common habits.
Secondly, some interactive LED screens can be added at the bus stop, so that teachers and students can interact while waiting for the bus, and at the same time, culture and art can be popularized.
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The attractive and interesting bus stops can attract more people to use the campus buses (which are currently less used in schools), extending the appeal radius of the S4.
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Beautify the wall
OTHER STRATEGIES In addition, open wall painting and poster sticking on the not beautiful interface can not only improve the visual appeal, but also encourage personalized expression of teachers and students. Breaking through small roads that would otherwise be blocked allows people to take more paths to their destinations, creating a lot of available space in the process.
Connect roads and create more paths.
Finally, in order to upgrade the cultural atmosphere of the whole school, the creativity of teachers and students is also crucial, so providing some places to encourage performance art is also a small strategy.
Encourage street art and talent show
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ACCCESS TO PUBLIC RESOURCES The Fragmentation caused by S4 and other obstacles in the SJTU campus triggers another serious problem, lack of public resources accessibility.
Aiming at both physical routes and digital media methods, Campus Fight makes several proposals to widen the paths to public resources: the calculation of a better-connected green routes system, the construction of the elevated highway, and the operation of the integrated social media platform.
· The Routes Project · Highway Elevation · Media Platform
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THE ROUTES PROJECT The greenway selection of SJTU below the S4 highway uses Heatmap as the basis of the analysis, and adapts the Wool-thread Model to optimize the path and the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR) to calculate the ecological greenway. HEATMAP ANALYSIS Based on the geographic location data of mobile phone users on the LocationBased Service Platform, we got the realtime population heat map on the Minhang campus of SJTU through Baidu Map APP, and recorded the heat map data every hour from 0:00 to 23:00.
00:00
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00
08:00
09:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
The intensity of the flow of people on campus is roughly as follows: Peak at 8:00-21:00 and 0:00-1:00 Flat at 22:00-0:00 and 7:00 Low at 2:00-6:00
Heatmaps of every hour
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ROUTES
CALCULATION BASED ON WOOL-THREAD MODEL
ADJUSTMENT OF THE ROUTES - I
Based on the 24h overlay of the heat map, combined with the distribution of various facilities on the campus, 5 categories of the gathering points were screened out, which are used as important Connection Nodes of the routes, connecting the population gathering points of the east and west districts.
The calculation results was modified to avoid existing buildings and combine with existing road networks.
Heatmap + Key Locations
Gravitational Parameter Range
宿舍 教学楼 校门 图书馆
-
Proper
Large
Too Large
食堂 其他设施
Gravitational Parameter Value
5
10
15
20
Calculation Result
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10 was selected as gravity parameter value for route optimization.
Resistance Type
Weight
Indicator Type Forest, landscape green space
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Implicit resistance of land use
Highway elevation resistance
0.4
0.18
0.42
1 10
Water Explicit resistance of land use
Resistance score
Farmland, green buffer, attached green space
100
Architecture
500
Road
600
Kriging method
-
Elevation>6m
1
Elevation 4-6m
50
Elevation 3-4m
100
Elevation 0-3m
200
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ROUTES BASED ON MCR The Minimum Cumulative Resistance model (MCR) calculates the cost of the species from the source through the landscape substrate with different resistances or the work that overcomes the resistance to simulate the Least-cost Path (LCP), which can simulation of the hindrance of the landscape to the species movement. Greenfield patches with an area > 1hm2 are selected as ecological sources.
ADJUSTMENT OF THE ROUTES - II In the optimization calculation, through the adjustment of multiple gravitational parameter values, combined with the existing road network of the Minhang campus of SJTU, the appropriate gravitational parameter value is selected. Due to the limitations of the established road network, building, and site, the calculation results cannot be used directly, and should be modified to avoid existing buildings and combine with existing road networks. Routes Output + Adjustment
dormitory teaching buiding campus entrance library canteen other
gathering points connection roa assisted road
GIS layers
Ecological corridors are connected corridors. In this study, the MCR and the circuit model are used for calculation. The ecological source area is equivalent to the circuit node, and the nonecological source area is regarded as the resistance with different resistance values. The ecological corridor and key nodes are identified based on the current value passing through the non-ecological source area.
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ROUTES
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GREENWAY ROUTES
The greenway routes selection suggestions are given based on the COMMUTING needs of population gathering points, the needs of Ecological connectivity, the Existing campus road network and the Base conditions.
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HIGHWAY ELEVATION
HIGHWAY ELEVATION
VERTICAL PROPERTIES The vertical properties along the S4 highway are complicated, with Bridges, Roadbeds and Underpasses. The elevation of the ground on both sides of the S4 highway is relatively flat, in the range of 4.14~4.67m.
TOOLKITS
A REDUCE SLOPE + SET PLANT BARRIER
VERTICAL PROPERTIES The vertical properties along the S4 highway
In the protective forest belt on both sides of the S4 highway green corridor, the arebooths) complicated, with ACTIVATION MODULE (like reading booths and venting is placed in Bridges, Roadbeds and Underpasses. combination with the noise plant barrier to construct a "forest garden".
The elevation of the ground on both sides of the S4 highway is relatively flat, in the range of 4.14~4.67m.
B WIDEN UNDERPASSES + DIVERSIFY TRAFFIC FLOW
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The traffic is heavy in this part, and cars and non-motor vehicles are MIXED currently, so an obvious safety hazard exists. Different traffic flows are SPLIT UP to minimize the interference. In the meanwhile, green belts between motorways and sidewalks, bicycle lanes are set up.
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The elevation difference between the southern section of the S4 highway and the ground is relatively large, ranging from 3.37 to 7.05m. Within this elevation range, pedestrians and non-motorized vehicles can pass through without tunnels, which achieving an east-west connection. However, as northern part of the S4 highway SJTU part consists of ramps on both sides, the height difference between the northern section of the S4
highway SJTU part and the ground is between 0 and 1.24m. Currently, only the Nanyang North Road underpass are suitable for passengers to get through. According to the different road heights and properties of the S4 highway, the road sections can be summarized into Four Typical Categories.
C CONNECT RIVER + ADD PEDESTRIAN ACCESS A sidewalk is added. Between the sidewalk and the river, a MOVABLE WATER-GATE is used as a barrier to ensure that the passage can still provide access when the water level is high. Above S4 it is proposed to create a "CAP PARK" to CONNECT the campus.
D NEW TRAFFIC FLOWS + "BOX SPACE" Under the current bridge is a "FORGOTTEN SPACE" with weeds and construction debris. The design intends to ACTIVATE this space by introducing new traffic flow and installing activity modules "box space" such as clubs and student activity spaces. The space has the potential to DIVERT the current traffic pressure and REDUCE traffic hazards on rainy days.
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MEDIA PLATFORM
An integrated multi-functional platform (mobile APP + web page) is designed and established to connect different groups in the campus. Important event notices, environmental alerts and public forum topics will be delivered to everyone who engaged. And university hubs and interactive map services will keep us in touch.
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PLATFORM
Moreover, great ideas of cultural creative design will be generated, as one by-product type in this project.
Mango. “Social UI Cards + Feeds.” Figma, https://www.figma.com/community/file/1107086939301934771. Nestor. “Event Ticket App.” Figma, https://www.figma.com/community/file/1100142955188367961. Sasanka, Madhushan. “Social Media Ui Design.” Figma, https://www.figma.com/community/file/1107973316928496835.
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Sourasith. “Social Media App.” Figma, https://www.figma.com/community/file/1096790122416342536. Utkin, Ilia. “Schedule Management Platform.” Figma, https://www.figma.com/community/file/904740192549800638.
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Holten, Nynke van. Adult Male Four Toed Hedgehog Aka Atelerix Albiventris. Sitting Side Ways, Looking Curiously up. Isolated on a White Background. https://www.shutterstock.com/zh/image-photo/adult-malefour-toed-hedgehog-aka-1915433371.
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Le, L. (2020, February 25). Photo by Linh Le on unsplash. Unsplash. Retrieved from https://unsplash.com/photos/VHX-eIns4Wo
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BUILD HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT To improve the ecological and social environment of the campus, the next session is to deconstruct the current system issues and find adaptive solutions. We focus on the riverside water conditions, as well as the noise pollution from the S4 highway. Plants and landscape structures are both regarded as key tools.
Then, it’s time to take action in the campus community. We collect comments, creat artworks and design map products to serve the Campus Fight project.
· Water Ecology · Noise Ecology · Campus Community Practice · Grab the Map · Interactive Installation
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WATER ECOLOGY In the project, there are three rivers in the landscape, No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 rivers, and a lake called "Shuhe Pond". The water quality here is poor, the aquatic animal community is incomplete, the revetment is missing and damaged, and the water landscape lacks contact. We hope to improve the local water ecological environment and animal community conditions through the optimization of water systems and biological communities. PROBLEM DECONSTRUCTION The performance of aquatic ecological problems is usually intuitive, but the reasons behind them are usually complex. Generally speaking, water quality, plant community, animal community, water cycle, and water microecology are the main influencing factors. In this project, these problems are CONCENTRATED on the Migration needs of animal communities and the Improvement of water system ecology.
The existing water system has poor ecology, poor hydrophilicity for tourists, and lack of biological communities. Plants are mainly shelter forest trees and lotus. The embankment has Poor flood control, Low flood volume, and Poor tolerance for animals.
Problem Deconstruction
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WATER ECOLOGY
Part 1 WILDLIFE PATH
ANIMAL CHANNEL Animals have the instinct to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, and tend to move from less adaptable areas to more adaptable areas. The direction of the willingness to migrate is similar to the direction displayed when water flows from a high place to a low place. Therefore, the Flow of animal migration willingness can be compared with the Flow of water.
Animal paths are passages built or reserved to ensure that wild animals can pass through railways, roads and other buildings. Animal passages are usually planned and constructed when new railways and roads would be built on important wildlife habitats and migration routes, or when those traffic lines built on animal migration routes would be renovated.
With the help of the hydrological analysis module in ArcGIS, the flow of animal migration intentions can be QUANTIFIED.
There are relevant DESIGN TECHNIQUES for the selection of wildlife passage types, size parameters, habitat induction, protection facilities, etc. The protection targets include beasts, amphibians, reptiles, birds, etc.
With the help of ecological survey data, we quantified the ecological situation of the project's basic water system, and hoped to find the most suitable channel establishment points through the migration intentions shown by ecological differences.
On the one hand, the animal passage CONNECTS the scattered animal communities and SOLVES the migration and reproduction needs of animals. But on the other hand, animal passages also have potential IMPACTS on climate and water cycle. CASE 1 WUHAN EAST LAKE URBAN GREENWAY
CASE 2 QINGHAI-TIBET RAILWAY WILDLIFE PASSAGE
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There are relevant design techniques for the SELECTION of wildlife passage types, size parameters, habitat induction, protection facilities, etc. The protection targets include beasts, amphibians, reptiles, birds, etc. 苗剑 . “探访东湖绿道生物通道 13 处爱心通道只能让动物知道 .” 探访东湖绿 道生物通道 13 处爱心通道只能让动物知道 _ 武汉 _ 新闻 中心 _ 长江网 _ cjn.Cn, 武汉晨报 , 29 Nov. 2016, http://news.cjn.cn/sywh/201611/t2923961.htm. 长江日报 . “武汉这张新名片很多人还不知道 ...... 国家湿地公园全国最多， 一共有 6 个！.”武汉这张新名片很多人还不知道……国家湿地公 园全国最多，一共有 6 个！ , Sohu.com, 18 Jan. 2018, https://www.sohu.com/a/217612039_659570.
The Qinghai Tibetan Antelope Passage is a good reference for large-scale terrestrial animal passages. After several years of protection, the number of Tibetan antelopes has increased significantly.
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陈霞 . “Qinghai-Tibet Railway.” Qinghai-Tibet Railway - China.org.cn, China.org.cn, 18 May 2011, http://www.china.org.cn/china/2011-05/18/ content_22590250_5.htm. 屋脊上的迁徙：藏羚羊的苦旅 , 知识涨长掌 , 9 Mar. 2018, https://www.sohu.com/a/225237836_100106950.
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FIVE MODES
ANIMAL HABITAT DESIGN
While determining the location of the animal passage, the problem we need to solve is the Form of the passage. After analyzing the animal’s living conditions, reproduction patterns and movement patterns, we tried to design several channel models suitable for fish and small terrestrial animals.
Facilities for animals to stay: Branches and stakes, lying tree stumps and driftwood, floating leaf plants;
These models are designed to minimize the impact of human factors on the environment and communities, integrate channels into the natural environment as much as possible, and achieve harmonious coexistence between humans and animals.
Foraging needs: Food chain construction; Reproductive requirements: Birds build nests, fish nests need submerged plants and rough bottom surfaces.
Making Devices to Help Small Mammals Cross Tunnels The s4 motorway and the tunnels that pass under it divide the green space into numerous plots, and by using wooden planks and roof greenways to create biological pathways for small mammals such as squirrels and weasels, the patchy green space is connected and facilitates biological exchange.
ANIMAL CHANNEL MODES
Water Corridor
Culverts
Bridge Structures
Widening of waterways to facilitate the free passage of fish and other aquatic animals.
Increasing culverts to facilitate east-west communication between the various green space areas.
Widening of waterways to facilitate the free passage of fish and other aquatic animals.
Mode 1 Wooden Bridge Over the Tunnel Installation of small plank bridges above the tunnel along the s4 motorway with appropriate climbing plants to provide paths for small mammals that can climb trees to cross the tunnel and facilitate movement between areas.
Mode 2
Mode 3
Habitat Adaptability Evalution Matrix The roof of the original toll booth is used to create a green roof garden space that connects the green space on both sides of s4, which is blocked by the traffic congested road, and provides a way for small animals to communicate.
Mode 4
Mode 5
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WATER ECOLOGY
Part 2 HABITAT ADAPTABILITY EVALUATION MATRIX In order to quantify the evaluation results, we compare the six factors in pairs to get the relative importance of the six factors. In the field survey, the relative importance is used as the weight, and the ecological evaluation index of each point of the river is obtained to guide the construction of animal passages.
The key to habitat suitability is the choice of evaluation factors. Based on the consideration of habitat conditions, the following indicators are selected as the main factors affecting the habitat of the target species to construct a habitat suitability evaluation system: river flow pattern, river bed bottom quality, river bank plant structure, river bed vegetation, river bed characteristics and river bank feature. River Flow Pattern
Bed Bottom
Riverbed Vegetation
Riparian Plant Structure
Riparian Riverbed Characteristics Characteristics
River Flow Pattern Bed Bottom Riverbed Vegetation Riparian Plant Structure Riverbed Characteristics Riparian Characteristics
WATER SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION The optimization strategy of water system ecology mainly starts from two aspects of water body and biological community. In terms of water bodies, riverbed, revetment and water body structure are the three main starting points.
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For biological communities, we need to consider underwater plants, waterfront plants, shore plants, fish and small animals.
REVENTMENT SOLUTION Natural Revetment + Simulate natural revetment; + Closest to the natural environment, most conducive to + ecological community construction and water purification; + Low strength, not conducive to flood control, and not + resistant to erosion. Rigid Structure Revetment + Construction of hard materials such as mortar stones and + pebbles, cast-in-place cwoncrete and reinforced concrete; + Lowest ecological value, blocking water runoff; + High strength, very resistant to erosion, while saving space. Flexible Structure + Ecological gabions, fish nest bricks, wooden piles and + concrete elements; + Medium ecological value; + Good strength and erosion resistance;
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Part 3 SHORELINE SYSTEM
The design of the revetment is a focus of water system optimization. Based on the revetment materials, we classify revetments into two categories: Hard revetments and Soft revetments.
These two types of revetments have different flood control performance, ecological performance and tourist proximity. We also experimented with the combination of landscape elements such as landscape platforms, landscape rocks and plant communities, and revetments.
RIGID PORT DESIGN
SOFT REVETMENT DESIGN
Soft dock with platform
Rigid stepped revetment with platform
Ordinary hard stepped revetment
Soft bank with rock piles
Rigid port with platform
Soft barge with waterfront plants
Ordinary hard revetment
Soft revetment with edges
Accessible soft revetment
PLANT COMMUNITY
ANIMAL STOCKING
The optimization strategy of water system ecology mainly starts from two aspects of water body and biological community. In terms of water bodies, riverbed, revetment and water body structure are the three main starting points. For biological communities, we need to consider underwater plants, waterfront plants, shore plants, fish and small animals.
This kind of devices generally stocks algae and fish. Among them, the proportion of fish is herbivorous fish <6%, benthic fish <6%, filter-feeding fish 10%20%, omnivorous fish 10%-20%, carnivorous fish 40%-50%.
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NOISE ECOLOGY
NOISE ECOLOGY
The noise from vehicles on S4 affects the lives of teachers and students in the school. We try to use plant configuration, soundabsorbing materials and special coatings to improve this problem.
Part 1 USE SOUND INSULATION PANELS
Acoustic materials are usually used in combination with architecture and sculpture. Appropriately adding natural sounds or music as background sounds can reduce people's perception of unpleasant sounds.
There are two types of landscape noise reduction tools. The Sound absorption type mainly uses porous sound-absorbing materials to reduce noise; the Reflective sound barrier wall mainly diffuses the propagation of noise sound waves to reduce noise in the protected area.
We can install invisible speakers to play sounds or introduce sounds of plants, birds and water. Sound Reduction Choices: Ocean Wave Sound>Piano Piece> Bird Singing>Classical Instrument Music> Breeze Blowing Leaves> Ancient Music Singing and Dancing> Insect Singing>Background Music>Rain
The buildings and sculptures in the park can prevent the spread of noise to a certain extent and thus play a role in reducing noise.
NOISE DISTRIBUTION FROM HIGHWAY NOISE SIMULATION
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Without Sound insulation panels:
With sound insulation panels (coefficient 0.85):
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Part 2 USE PLANT TO REDUCE NOISE
PLANT NOISE REDUCTION Plants attenuate noise mainly by their leaves, stems, and branches to that structure. These structural features can attenuate noise. Different plants have different structural features, so their ability to attenuate noise is also different. Among them, leaves and branches reduce noise through diffuse reflection; stems and stems affect the crown and height of the plant, thereby affecting the scattering and diffraction of sound waves, thereby reducing noise.
PLANTING DESIGN Select the noise-reducing tree species with higher plant type, the combination of evergreen and deciduous tree species, and the combination of arbor and shrub, and the forest belt terrain is designed as a slope-like terrain with low inside and high outside, and the width of the forest belt is 30m.
PLANT PLANTING STRATEGY There are two types of sound absorption and reflection. The sound absorption type mainly uses porous sound-absorbing materials to reduce noise; the reflective sound barrier wall mainly diffuses the propagation of noise sound waves to reduce noise in the protected area. Plants' Noise Reduction Ability: Coral tree> Camphor tree> Populus tomentosa> Ligustrum lucidum> Magnolia vulgaris> Du Ying> Cedar> Osmanthus Shrub: Coral tree, privet, osmanthus, heather, octagonal gold plate, small wax
S4
Interplanting of trees and shrubs
20m
Lawn grass + Shrubs + Trees Manila/Bermuda Osmanthus/Ligustrum Magnolia cedar Metasequoia glyptostroboides ginkgo Long Bai
Arbor: Camphor tree, Populus tomentosa, Magnolia, Du Ying, Cedar, Juniper, Cypress, Spruce, Metasequoia, Weeping Willow, Sycamore, Cypress, Banyan, Liriodendron, Quercus, Pittospora, Ailanthus, Ligustrum, Oleander, Mosquito tree
28m
Lower Vegetation + Shrubs + Trees Manila/Bermuda/Ophiopogon Privet Osmanthus Rhododendron Smile Populus tomentosa Cinnamomum camphora
2m Coral tree
Interplanting of trees
20m
Turfgrass
28m
Lower Vegetation + Arbor Ophiopogon + Metasequoia
Plant Configuration Modes with Excellent Noise Reduction Effect: · Ginkgo + Camphor + Cedar · Locust + Chinese Pine + Pomegranate + Turfgrass · Robinia pseudoacacia + Chinese pine + · Small dragon cypress + Daylily + Lawn grass · Poplar + Willow + Spruce + Lawn Grass
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S4
2m Coral tree
PRACTICE
CAMPUS COMMUNITY PRACTICE
INTERVIEWS AND COMMENTS COLLECTION
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GRAFFITI EXPRESSION
“
“
Street interview
What is your impression of S4 highway? After reading our strategy and design, what do you think?
I think it’s unrealistic to change from high speed to down. I strongly agree to join the ecological reserve. The wall painting is nice, but the high-speed noise is too loud.
I think that the highway become a geographical indication, and the animal passage is very in line with ecological needs.
The comment whiteboard, graffiti and posters
I thought at first that there might be two schools on both sides of the S4 highway. The design is more lively and interesting, with wall painting style and animal passages added.
Street Interview. 11 May 2021. The Comment Whiteboard, Graffiti and Posters. 23 May 2021.
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It’s shocking! The design of the small animal channels and the biking trail is very creative.
For me, the plum blossom pile is inconvenient. The noise is the main problem of the highway.
This project attracts me so much!
I think it’s a good idea to add some flyovers above.
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Grab the Map, and Join our CampusFight! POSTER + MAP POPULARIZATION In addition to Field Interviews, Pop-up Show, and Wall Graffiti Art, Campus Posters and Fun Maps have also been drawn to stimulate the interests of audiences, call for joint participation and win the support from local community.
Poster of the graffiti culture
At the same time, these prints are also practical. And electronic interactive products have similar effects.
Fun map of new activities and artworks in SJTU campus
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CUT
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PULL
CUT
INTERACTIVE INSTALLATION Classification Model Training We trained over 400 images as a basic dataset to xidentify basic animal types.
Segmentation and object detection
CAMPUS BIOMETRIC MONITORING + RECOGNITION INTERACTIVE DEVICE
Image segmentation and animal type monitoring is then based on computer recognition technology. The installation also has a good interactive display to show the results and allow teachers and students to observe the data.
The device we designed is equipped with motion sensors and cameras to capture the presence of creatures on the site.
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INSTALLATION
Install the Motion Sensors and Cameras
Spot installation
Setting parameters
Smooth and fixed
Switching scenes
Remote monitoring
Interactive interface
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REFERENCES The Comment Whiteboard, Graffiti and Posters. 23 May 2021. Gollings, John. “街道两旁的建筑和路边的基础设施，the Infrastructures beside the Road.” Constitution Ave, Canberra, Australia / Jane Irwin Landscape Architecture, Gooood.cn, 3 May 2017, https://www. gooood.cn/constitution-ave-jane-irwin-landscape-architecture.htm?lang=en. Holten, Nynke van. Adult Male Four Toed Hedgehog Aka Atelerix Albiventris. Sitting Side Ways, Looking Curiously up. Isolated on a White Background. https://www.shutterstock.com/zh/image-photo/adultmale-four-toed-hedgehog-aka-1915433371. Le, L. (2020, February 25). Photo by Linh Le on unsplash. Unsplash. Retrieved from https:// unsplash.com/photos/VHX-eIns4Wo Lynch, Kevin. The Image of the City. The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-62001-4. 1960. Mango. “Social UI Cards + Feeds.” Figma, https://www.figma.com/community/ file/1107086939301934771. Modtanoi. Výsledok Vyhľadávania Obrázkov Pre Dopyt University Campus Landscape Design. https://www. pinterest.com/pin/414260865716002956/. Nestor. “Event Ticket App.” Figma, https://www.figma.com/community/file/1100142955188367961. One of the Underpass Entrances with Road Blocks. 16 May 2021. Sadik-Khan, Janette, and Seth Solomonow. Streetfight: Handbook for an Urban Revolution. Penguin Books, 2017. Sasanka, Madhushan. “Social Media Ui Design.” Figma, https://www.figma.com/community/ file/1107973316928496835. Sourasith. “Social Media App.” Figma, https://www.figma.com/community/ file/1096790122416342536. Space under S4 Highway in SJTU. 16 May 2021. Spiegelhalter, Kari, et al. “Environmental Justice and Landscpae Architecture: A Students' Guide .” A Student's Guide to Environmental Justice Version 1.3, ASLA.org, 2018, https://www.asla.org/ uploadedFiles/CMS/PPNs/Landing_Pages/StudentsGuide_EnvJustice_Draft.pdf. Street Interview. 11 May 2021. Utkin, Ilia. “Schedule Management Platform.” Figma, https://www.figma.com/community/ file/904740192549800638. 周思未 . “一周诗画 : 《涂鸦》等（2020.11.2-11.6）.” 微信公众平台 , 校园映画 , 8 Nov. 2020, https:// mp.weixin.qq.com/s/9TwR8mQQomN7YdGvCrofzw.
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周思未 . “每日映画 Vol.429: 路过一面墙 .” 微信公众平台 , 校园映画 , 1 June 2020, https:// mp.weixin.qq.com/s/X99UgaiI2KO_Da1vcDuJBA. 周思未 . “每日映画 Vol.437: 其实我并不孤独 .” 微信公众平台 , 校园映画 , 11 June 2020, https:// mp.weixin.qq.com/s/418WkQ8lbGnGcHMppjif6w.
屋脊上的迁徙：藏羚羊的苦旅 , 知识涨长掌 , 9 Mar. 2018, https://www.sohu.com/ a/225237836_100106950. 新景观设计 . “景观座椅，城市中‘风骚‘的风景线！.” Edited by 景观中国 , 景观座椅，城市中“风骚” 的风景线！, Sohu.com, 4 Jan. 2020, https://www.sohu.com/a/364693009_663589. 苗剑 . “探访东湖绿道生物通道 13 处爱心通道只能让动物知道 .” 探访东湖绿道生物通道 13 处爱心 通道只能让动物知道 _ 武汉 _ 新闻中心 _ 长江网 _ cjn.Cn, 武汉晨报 , 29 Nov. 2016, http://news. cjn.cn/sywh/201611/t2923961.htm. 长江日报 . “武汉这张新名片很多人还不知道 ...... 国家湿地公园全国最多，一共有 6 个！.” 武汉这 张新名片很多人还不知道……国家湿地公园全国最多，一共有 6 个！, Sohu.com, 18 Jan. 2018, https://www.sohu.com/a/217612039_659570.
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陈霞 . “Qinghai-Tibet Railway.” Qinghai-Tibet Railway - China.org.cn, China.org.cn, 18 May 2011, http://www.china.org.cn/china/2011-05/18/content_22590250_5.htm.
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A Case in the Campus of Shanghai Jiao Tong University