Current Liabilities and Payroll
Questions
1. A current liability is one that is payable within the coming year or within the company’s normal operating cycle if longer than a year. All other liabilities are long term.
2. Retailers act as collecting agents for the federal government. Stores charge their customers GST, but the GST belongs to the federal government. The store has a liability to pay the federal government (Receiver General) the amount of tax collected less applicable input tax credits.
3.GST Recoverable or Input Tax Credit
4. The company reports current liabilities for the short-term note payable of $50,000 and for interest payable of $1,000 ($50,000 × 0.04 × 6/12).
5. The balance sheet would show a current liability of $1,000 in an account called Current Portion of Long-Term Note Payable. The long-term liabilities section would report $4,000 as the balance of the Note Payable.
6. If current were not separated from long-term debt, two ratios would be distorted the current ratio and the acid-test ratio. The understated current liability would make both of the results more positive than they are in reality, and users of the financial information would be misled.
7. An accrued expense is an expense that has been incurred but has not been paid. Because the expense has been incurred but not paid, it must be accrued, thus it is a liability.
8. Accounts payable and short-term notes payable are both current liabilities that is, both are due and payable within one year or within the company’s operating cycle.
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Differences:
• Accounts payable are amounts owed for products or services that are purchased on open account.
• Accounts payable have no interest obligation (however, if paid late, interest or late payment charges could be incurred); short-term notes payable have a defined rate of interest due over the term of the note.
9. At the beginning of the school term, tuition collected in advance is recorded as a liability of the school because it is an unearned revenue. At the end of the term, the tuition is moved to a revenue account because the tuition has been earned.
10. A customer deposit is a liability because the company has not provided service for the deposit and must refund that cash to its customers under certain conditions. The security deposit collected by telephone and other utility companies is an example.
11. The company’s warranty expense for the year is $50,000, the estimate based on the current year’s sales. The matching objective demands that this expense be matched against the period’s revenues.
12. A contingent liability is a potential liability that depends on a future event arising out of past events. The future event will determine the amount and existence of the liability. A contingent liability may or may not become an actual obligation.
13.Accounting conservatism (and the CPA Canada Handbook) tell us that contingent losses must be accrued or disclosed but that gains are not reported until realized.
14. Service businesses sell their employees’ services, so employment compensation is their major expense of doing business, just as cost of goods sold is the largest expense in merchandising.
15. The amount of income tax withheld from employee paycheques depends on the employee’s gross pay, the amount of non-refundable tax credits claimed on the Personal Tax Credit Form (TD1), and the tax rate set by CRA.
16. Required deductions: income tax, Canada (or Quebec) Pension Plan, and Employment Insurance.
17. Employers pay: Canada (or Quebec) Pension, Employment Insurance, Workers’ Compensation, and, where applicable, provincial payroll taxes regarding health and education.
18. Employment insurance premiums are determined annually by the federal government. This answer is appropriate for 2021. Assuming a rate of 1.58 percent on earnings up to $56,300, the maximum employment insurance premium this employee can pay is $$889.54. The employer will contribute 1.4 times this amount, or $1,245.36.
19. Some companies use a special payroll bank account to keep the payroll cheques separate from the day-to-day business cheques. It may be easier to complete two bank reconciliations that are less complicated than one large bank reconciliation. Any payroll issues may also be highlighted in a separate payroll bank-account reconciliation.
20. A contingent liability is reported when it is probable that it will occur. The IFRS standard is lower than for ASPE.
(10 min.) S11-1
General Journal
a. Dec. 31 Interest Expense
Interest Payable
Accrued interest expense at year end.
($32,000 × 0.06 × 5/12)
2023
b. Jul. 31 Note Payable, Short-Term
Paid note and interest at maturity. ($32,000 × 0.06 × 7/12)
MISSION CO.
Balance Sheet (partial) December 31, 2022 Assets
$32,000
MISSION CO.
Income Sheet (partial) For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
Revenues Expenses
General Journal
Kraft-Kwon will report $56,000 as the current portion of notes payable in the current liability section. The remaining $224,000 will show as notes payable in the long-term liability section.
General Journal
To record subscription revenue received in advance for one-year subscriptions.
To record five months of magazines sent and revenue earned ($5,000 × 5/12)
General Journal
Purchased equipment to be paid with a oneyear, 9 percent note.
accrue interest at year end ($16,000 × 0.09 × 5/12)
note in full with interest. ($16,000 × 0.09 × 7/12 = balance of expense)
2.
Req. 1
General Journal
To record sales. 30 percent paid cash: $600,000 × 0.30. Notes receivable for the balance = $600,000 – $180,000.
× 0.02).
Req. 2
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The estimated warranty payable balance at the end of 2023 is $2,000. (5-10
Warranty expense = $12,000
S11-9
The warranty expense for the year does not necessarily equal the year’s cash payments for warranties. Cash payments for warranties do not determine the amount of warranty expense for that year. Instead, the warranty expense is estimated and matched against revenue during the period of the sale, regardless of when the company pays for the warranty claims.
The matching objective addresses this situation.
General Journal
1. These are contingent liabilities because at the time of the note Bombardier was not liable for any of these trade-ins because they had not yet occurred.
2. The contingency can become a real liability if a customer of Bombardier purchases a new aircraft and wants to trade in their pre-owned aircraft.
General Journal
a.
b.
General Journal
To record salary expense and employee withholdings. (See S11–13 for calculations.)
General Journal
To record employee benefits payable. (See S11–14 for calculations )
c.
General Journal
(See S11–14 for calculations.)
a. C
b.C
c. C
d. C and, in some cases, L for any portion of the warranty liability due in more than one year
e. C and, in some cases, L for unearned revenue to be earned more than one year from the balance-sheet date
f. C
g.L
h.C
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Exercises
General Journal
× 0.06 × 7/12
Expense = $86,000 × 0.06 × 5/12
= $86,000 + ($86,000 × 0.06)
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