Issuu

Piedmont Sustainable Parks Management Plan

JULY 2026

Image: Piedmont Park

Acknowledgments

CITY OF PIEDMONT STAFF

CITY COUNCIL

Nancy Kent, Parks & Project Manager

Betsy Smegal Andersen, Mayor

Daniel Gonzales, Director of Public Works

Conna McCarthy, Vice Mayor

Echa Schneider, Communications Officer

Jennifer Long, Councilmember

Nick Millosovich, Public Works Supervisor

Tom Ramsey, Councilmember

Deniz Ergun, Sustainability Project Manager

Lorrel Plimier, Councilmember

Rosanna Bayon Moore, City Administrator

PARKS COMMISSION

CONSULTANT TEAM

Tom Smegal, Chair

WRT, Planning + Design

Kimberly Moses, Vice Chair

HortScience | Bartlett Consulting, Urban Forestry

Jack Fischrup, Commissioner Barbara Giuffre, Commissioner Arden Hall, Commissioner David Johnson, Commissioner Shanna Wagnor, Commissioner

Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

PG.06

INTRODUCTION PG.20

INTRODUCTION PLANNING PROCESS PLAN ORGANIZATION

MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT PG.26

MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT PRACTICES SYSTEMWIDE THEMES

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT PG.42

ENGAGEMENT METHODS ENGAGEMENT RESULTS THE 20-YEAR VISION

SUSTAINABILITY GUIDELINES & STRATEGIES

PG.52

SUSTAINABILITY GUIDELINES & STRATEGIES MANAGEMENT ZONE CONCEPT AMENITY-SPECIFIC GUIDELINES PARK-SPECIFIC GUIDELINES

IMPLEMENTING THE PLAN

PG.108

IMPLEMENTATION KEY IMPLEMENTATION PRIORITIES CALL TO ACTION

APPENDICES

SEPARATE DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT REPORT ENGAGEMENT RESULTS CLIMATE-FORWARD PLANT LISTS

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Executive Summary

Image: Bushy Dell Creek, Piedmont Park

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

The Sustainable Parks Management Plan provides a clear roadmap for caring for Piedmont’s parks. It evaluates current conditions and management practices, identifies priorities informed by community engagement, and establishes practical guidelines for sustainable landscape stewardship. While the Plan does not determine future recreational amenities, it lays the foundation for informed decision-making by ensuring the park system remains healthy, accessible, and vibrant for generations to come.

At the same time, the popularity and age of these landscapes present real challenges. High levels of use have led to wear and degradation in some areas. Aging infrastructure such as irrigation pipes and pathways needs reconstruction. The park system needs to keep up with technological innovations, best practices, and new regulations. Traditional planting practices that involve expansive decorative lawn and higher water use species are no longer appropriate. Trees in parks face increasing pressure from climate change.

THE PLANNING PROCESS

DRAFT PLAN

FINAL PLAN

CITY COUNCIL

PARKS COMMISSION

FIGURE 0.1 | Planning Process Overview

ASSESSMENT

POP-UPS & SURVEY

HARVEST FESTIVAL POP-UP

AUGUST 2025

MANAGEMENT

PARKS COMMISSION

PROJECT INITIATION

The City of Piedmont and its consultant team developed the Sustainable Parks Management Plan over an 11-month period. As illustrated in Figure 0.1, the process began in summer 2025 and culminated with the Plan’s adoption in [month] 2026.

JULY 2026

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | 09

Management Assessment Key Findings

Core maintenance practices are strong.

Stormwater quality and slope stability require attention.

Management practices demonstrate a commitment to environmental stewardship within existing resource constraints. Most park spaces are maintained to a high standard.

Widespread erosion problems indicate that stormwater systems and natural slopes are not functioning optimally. Addressing these issues will be essential for protecting natural features and infrastructure over time.

Demand exceeds landscape carrying capacity.

Climate adaptation and operational modernization are needed.

High levels of use—by both people and dogs—particularly on natural turf fields, multipurpose lawns, and hillside areas, are placing stress on soils, vegetation, and irrigation systems. In many cases, landscape decline reflects overuse rather than deficiencies in maintenance practices.

Irrigation infrastructure is a critical vulnerability. Aging, inefficient, and poorly hydrozoned systems contribute to water waste, plant stress, erosion, and tree health issues. Modernizing irrigation infrastructure represents one of the most significant opportunities to improve systemwide performance.

While some sustainability initiatives are underway, additional progress is needed to transition to zero-emission equipment, improve energy efficiency, strengthen canopy succession planning, and align plant selection with long-term climate conditions.

Clearer communication and operational consistency would improve system performance. Variations in park rules and signage create confusion for users and increase enforcement challenges. Greater consistency and clearer communication could reduce conflicts and protect sensitive areas.

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Community Engagement Through a combination of in-person and online outreach, the City engaged community members, including 368 survey respondents and approximately 100–150 participants at the Harvest Festival popup event. Promotion of the survey through pop-up events in parks provided a chance for the planning team to informally meet park users and hear their concerns. The engagement process sought to understand how residents use and experience Piedmont’s parks, what they value most about them, and what they hope will endure for future generations. The overarching message is clear: Piedmont’s parks are deeply valued and genuinely beloved. Residents described them as beautiful, peaceful, and special places — an oasis of nature within an urban setting.

Pop-ups

Survey Parks Commission Meetings

500+

People Engaged

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | 11

Key Themes FIGURE 0.3 | Survey Demographics

The engagement process confirms that Piedmont’s parks are deeply valued community assets. Residents described them as beautiful, peaceful, and special—places they hope to share with future generations. This strong emotional connection provides important context for the findings.

Piedmont Residents (82%) Respondent Households with Dogs (66%) US Households with Dogs (45%)

Two values command broad consensus across the community:

Respondent Households with Children Under 18 (42%)

•

Preservation of the parks’ natural, forested character—mature trees, wooded trails, and a serene atmosphere

US Households with Children Under 18 (39%)

•

Continuation of exceptional maintenance standards—the quality residents notice and expect to endure

Under 30 (3%) 65+ (27%)

FIGURE 0.2 | Top Community Values for Parks

51%

Off-leash Dog Areas Natural Beauty

Mature Trees / Shade

42%

Paths to Walk or Jog

50%

30-45 (31%)

38%

Well-maintained Amenities

33%

14%

Open Lawns

Wildlife Habitat / Native Plants

14%

Virtual Quiet Places to Relax

13%

Tot Lots

13%

11%

Gathering Spaces 0

Percent Selected

(respondents selected up to 3)

45-65 (39%)

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Systemwide Guidelines The following systemwide management guidelines provide a framework for consistent, sustainable park operations across Piedmont’s diverse landscapes. Guidelines are described in Chapter 4.

1. Natural Features 1.1. Expand Slope Stabilization Efforts 1.2. Restore and Protect Riparian Corridors and Sensitive Natural Areas 1.3. Establish Stronger Defensible Space Management 1.4. Partner with Allied Agencies

2. Tree Canopy 2.1. Strengthen long-term canopy health through proactive replacement planning 2.2. Reduce stressors that limit tree performance 2.3. Standardize inspection documentation and tree management records

3. Landscape & Planting 3.1. Transition Toward More Resilient Plantings 3.2. Expand Protection Strategies for Planting Areas 3.3. Improve public awareness of sustainable landscapes

4. Lawn & Turf 4.1. Lawn Reduction in Underutilized Areas 4.2. Strengthen Natural Turf Management Through Rest, Rotation, and Improved Establishment 4.3. Adequately Maintain and Replace Artificial Turf Fields

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | 13

5. Irrigation 5.1. Modernize Irrigation Infrastructure for Efficiency and Reliability 5.2. Improve Alignment with Plant Needs and Site Conditions 5.3. Protect Irrigation Systems in High-Use Areas

8. Climate Change Mitigation 8.1. Modernize Infrastructure to Reduce Emissions and Conserve Energy, 8.2. Integrate Resource Conservation with Operations

5.4. On-Site Recycling and Reclaimed Water

6. Soil Health 6.1. Build and Maintain Living Soils

9. Park Operations & Use

6.2. Maintain Adequate Mulch Cover

9.1. Standardize Regulations and Enforcement Across the Park System

6.3. Apply Compost to Improve Soil Quality

9.2. Strengthen On-site Stewardship and User Education 9.3. Evaluate User Needs and Provide New Amenities to Support Them 9.4. Activate Underutilized Spaces thoughtfully

7. Pest Management 7.1. Maintain and Support NonChemical Pest Management Practices 7.2. Expand Physical Protection to Reduce Recurring Damage from Deer and Other Animals

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Management Zone Concept Piedmont parks have a wide range of use patterns and environmental conditions, requiring tailored management strategies. The type of landscape— whether highly manicured or predominantly natural—and the intensity of use both influence how spaces function, wear over time, and respond

FIGURE 0.4 | Management Zone Concept

to maintenance practices. As such, management strategies can be effectively applied along two key spectra: level of use (low to high) and landscape type (natural to manicured). Staff can use this approach to inform site-specific landscape management and design of improvement projects.

Amenity-Specific Guidelines The Amenity-Specific Guidelines provide baseline planning and design guidance to key amenities including play areas, picnic areas, sports courts, dog parks, and off-leash dog areas. These guidelines are intended to help ensure that new and existing amenities: •

Respond to demonstrated community needs and patterns of use, integrating seamlessly within the park

•

Minimize impacts to natural systems, drainage patterns, and habitat

•

Respect neighborhood context and park character

•

Support long-term maintenance, durability, and operational sustainability

They provide guidance around: •

Siting: Locate amenities where they fit park use patterns, site conditions, and surrounding context.

•

Design: Address scale, layout, materials, durability, and integration with the park setting.

•

Comfort: Include shade, seating, restrooms, and drinking water where appropriate.

•

Accessibility: Provide accessible routes, surfaces, and inclusive user experiences.

•

Compatibility: Reduce conflicts with nearby uses, circulation, and sensitive natural areas.

•

Maintenance & Operations: Plan for routine maintenance, enforcement, reservations, lifecycle replacement, and long-term cost.

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Park-Specific Recommendations The following summarizes recommendations for each of Piedmont’s parks, tailored to the unique conditions, uses, and management needs of each site. They address a range of topics, including water efficiency, landscape resilience, habitat restoration, accessibility, recreation amenities, and long-term maintenance. While some improvements may be implemented through ongoing operations and maintenance, larger capital projects will require further planning, design, technical analysis, and community engagement to ensure the project appropriately respond to community needs while advancing the City’s broader sustainability goals.

Piedmont Park

• Modernize irrigation systems • Transition to a climate-forward plant palette • Update play equipment • Incorporate picnic tables and seating • Add green infrastructure to improve creek health • Targeted removal of invasive species • Clearly define and enforce off-leash dog boundaries

Dracena Park

• Develop a proactive tree succession plan • Implement erosion-control methods and improve stormwater infrastructure to better manage erosion • Remove invasive species • Modernize irrigation systems • Incorporate picnic tables and seating • Clearly define and enforce off-leash dog boundaries

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | 17

Hampton Park

Linda Beach & Linda Parks

• Continue to regularly maintain synthetic turf; replace as required • Regularly rest natural turf • Continue planting native and climate-adapted species • Add columnar, climate-adapted trees along northwest boundary • Optimize and improve amenities

• Continue to regularly maintain synthetic turf, replace as required • Improve site amenities such as lighting and restrooms; improve accessibility • Continue to stabilize slopes with native plantings and regular maintenance • Modernize irrigation • Incorporate underutilized areas

Coaches Field & Kennelly Skate Parks

Crocker Park

• Regularly rest natural turf • Extend skate park hours • Improve shade & amenities • Modernize irrigation

• Improve drainage • Implement a tree succession plan • Transition to climate-adapted and native plants • Modernize irrigation • Expand park amenities • Explore uses for existing structure

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Key Implementation Priorities Integrate Sustainability into Maintenance Practices Continued improvement to maintenance practices is essential to achieving the plan’s sustainability goals. Investing in staffing, irrigation management, ecological stewardship, preventative maintenance, and other high-value maintenance practices will help protect park assets and support long-term sustainability.

Plan for a Changing Climate Climate change is already affecting park landscapes through changing growing conditions and more intense storm events. The City should continue transitioning toward climate-adapted plantings while improving stormwater management and erosion control.

Protect Hillsides, Ravines, and Creeks

Modernize Infrastructure & Plan for Lifecycle Replacement

Piedmont’s steep hillsides, ravines, and creek corridors are among the park system’s defining features—and among its most vulnerable. Reducing erosion, stabilizing slopes, and restoring natural areas should remain a central focus of park management.

Many park assets—especially irrigation systems and lighting—are aging. Strategic reinvestment and lifecycle planning will help improve reliability, reduce longterm costs, and ensure infrastructure continues to meet needs.

Balance Recreation and Environmental Stewardship

Ensure Parks are Inclusive

Natural beauty and off-leash dog areas are both highly valued by the community; intensive use by people and dogs can damage sensitive landscapes. The City should balance preservation with active recreation through thoughtful design, management, and ongoing investment, recognizing that additional resources may be needed to mitigate impacts.

Piedmont’s parks should be welcoming, accessible, and enjoyable for people of all ages, abilities, and backgrounds. Future improvements should continue to expand accessibility and provide experiences that serve a diverse range of park users.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | 19

Expand Community Outreach and Stewardship Community engagement conducted as part of this plan provided valuable insight into what residents value most about Piedmont's parks. Continued outreach, education, volunteer opportunities, and stewardship programs can strengthen community ownership and support longterm implementation.

Strengthen Coordination and Partnerships Sustainable park management extends beyond a single department. Continued coordination between the Public Works, Recreation, Police, and Fire Departments, along with community organizations and outside agencies, can help improve operations, align priorities, and maximize limited resources.

Address Evolving Regulatory Requirements New requirements related to stormwater management, non-functional turf, wildfire resilience, and other environmental regulations will continue to influence park planning and operations. Integrating these requirements into projects can help the City achieve multiple benefits while reducing long-term compliance costs.

Cherry blossoms in Piedmont Park.

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

CHAPTER 01

Introduction

Image: Piedmont Park

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Introduction Piedmont’s parks are at the heart of community life. Residents treasure peaceful walks through shaded ravines, gathering with friends and family on open lawns beneath mature trees, and the historic character woven throughout the landscape. Fields and courts provide space for recreation and competition, while tot lots and open green spaces offer young families places to play and connect. These parks are part of Piedmont’s amenities — they are part of Piedmont’s identity and daily rhythm. At the same time, the popularity and age of these landscapes present real challenges. High levels of use have led to wear and degradation in some areas. Aging infrastructure such as irrigation pipes and pathways needs reconstruction. The park system needs to keep up with technological innovations, best practices, and new regulations. Traditional planting practices that involve expansive decorative lawn and higher water use species are no longer appropriate. Trees in parks face increasing pressure from climate change. The Sustainable Parks Management Plan provides a clear roadmap for caring for Piedmont’s parks in ways that enhance their beauty, usability, and resilience. It evaluates current conditions and management practices, identifies priorities informed by community engagement, and establishes practical guidelines for sustainable landscape stewardship. While the Plan does not determine future recreational amenities, it lays the foundation for informed decision-making by ensuring the park system remains healthy, accessible, and vibrant for generations to come.

Piedmont’s Park System The City of Piedmont owns and manages approximately 42 acres of publicly accessible parkland. As summarized in Table 1.1, recreational amenities are distributed across a range of park sites, with Piedmont Park (15.3 acres) and Dracena Park (7.8 acres) serving as the City’s largest and most programmatically diverse parks. These sites accommodate a mix of passive open space and active recreation, including playgrounds, dog areas (both on- and off-leash), open turf, restrooms, and sport courts or fields. Hampton Park (2.4 acres), Coaches Field and Kennelly Skate Park (3.8 acres), and Linda Beach Park (2.2 acres), together function as key active recreation hubs. These sites support a concentration of programmed amenities, including sports fields, courts, skate facilities, playgrounds, and associated infrastructure such as restrooms. In contrast, smaller neighborhood parks—such as Crocker Park (1 acre) and Linda Park (1.3 acres)— provide more limited neighborhood-serving amenities, including walking paths, and seating areas. Blair Park (8.2 acres) remains largely undeveloped and functions primarily as passive open space. Because the long-term future of Blair Park has not yet been determined, it is not included in this analysis of active recreational amenities.

INTRODUCTION | 23



RESTROOMS

OFF LEASH DOG PARK



SKATE PARK



PASSIVE OPEN SPACE

MULTIPURPOSE LAWN

Coaches Field / Kennelly Skate Park

SPORTS FIELDS

SPORTS COURTS

PARK / OPEN SPACE NAME

TOT LOTS / PLAYGROUNDS

TABLE 1.1 | Piedmont Parks and Amenities



Crocker Park Dracena Quarry Park



Hampton Park



Linda Beach Park



Linda Park Piedmont Park Recreation Department* Blair Park Open Space* *Not analyzed as part of this plan



 



PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Planning Process The City of Piedmont and its consultant team developed the Sustainable Parks Management Plan over an 11-month period. As illustrated in Figure 1.1, the process began in summer 2025 and culminated with the Plan’s adoption in [month] 2026. The planning process was designed to be both data-informed and community-driven. It began with a comprehensive review of existing policies, background documents, and relevant best management practices, followed by an assessment of current maintenance operations to understand existing conditions, resource use, and operational constraints. At the same time, the Planning Team

DRAFT PLAN

FINAL PLAN

CITY COUNCIL

ASSESSMENT

PARKS COMMISSION

FIGURE 1.1 | Planning Process Overview

MANAGEMENT

POP-UPS & SURVEY

HARVEST FESTIVAL POP-UP

AUGUST 2025

Drawing on technical analysis and community input, the consultant team developed management guidelines tailored to Piedmont’s unique landscape character and operational context. These recommendations were synthesized into the Draft Sustainable Parks Management Plan and presented to the Parks Commission and City Council for review and adoption.

PARKS COMMISSION

PROJECT INITIATION

engaged park users through pop-up events in the parks and an online survey to better understand community values and priorities related to park stewardship.

JULY 2026

INTRODUCTION | 25

Plan Organization The Sustainable Parks Management Plan weaves together a strategic approach that addresses both systemwide priorities and site-specific conditions. Building on existing City policies and industry best practices, the Plan provides management guidance tailored to Piedmont’s strengths, challenges, and community values. The Plan is organized as follows:

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Introduces the park system, outlines its strengths and challenges, and defines the purpose, scope, and organization of the Plan, including a summary of the planning process.

CHAPTER 2: MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT Reviews relevant policies, legislation, and best practices, and summarizes findings from the assessment of current maintenance operations and site conditions.

CHAPTER 3: COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT Summarizes the outreach process and highlights key themes and priorities identified by the community.

CHAPTER 4: SUSTAINABILITY GUIDELINES & STRATEGIES Presents systemwide management guidelines and park-specific recommendations to support long-term sustainability, resilience, and effective stewardship.

CHAPTER 5: IMPLEMENTATION Provides an action plan to prioritize, phase, and resource the Plan’s recommendations over time.

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

CHAPTER 02

Management Assessment

Image: Crocker Park

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Management Assessment This chapter presents an assessment of existing park conditions and maintenance practices in Piedmont. It summarizes key findings from a review of City policies, relevant state legislation, and industry best practices, and evaluates how current operations align with them. The analysis is informed by site visits, staff and contractor interviews, and community input to provide a clear understanding of strengths, gaps, and opportunities for improvement. Figure 2.1 illustrates this integrated assessment framework.

Natural Resources & Sustainability Element (2024) Emphasizes urban forest stewardship, droughttolerant and native planting, integrated pest management (IPM), and stormwater protection. These policies reinforce water conservation, resilient planting strategies, and environmental compliance.

Establishing the Benchmark: Review & Research

Design & Preservation Element (2025) Supports cohesive park design, historic character, and visual quality. Maintenance practices must balance aesthetics, water conservation, and native landscaping while reinforcing Piedmont’s distinct identity.

To establish a benchmark for evaluating current park management practices, relevant municipal policies, state and regional legislation, and recognized industry best practices were reviewed. Together, these documents define the regulatory and sustainability framework against which Piedmont’s park system was assessed and informed the development of management guidelines. A more in-depth analysis of reviewed materials is provided in the Appendix.

CITY POLICY Piedmont General Plan Several General Plan elements directly guide sustainable park management:

Parks, Recreation & Open Space Element (2024) Recognizes parks as essential recreational and ecological assets and identifies maintenance as critical to safety, usability, and long-term system performance.

Climate Action Plan 2.0 (2018) Establishes greenhouse gas reduction targets (updated in 2023) and calls for zero-emission municipal operations. For park management, this includes electrification of maintenance equipment, water-efficient irrigation, native planting, and reduced chemical inputs. Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Identifies parks as community resilience assets and potential emergency staging areas. It underscores vegetation management, wildfire risk reduction, slope stability, and drainage maintenance as essential operational responsibilities.

MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT | 29

Review & Research

Existing Conditions

City Policy

Park Visits

General Plan Climate Action Plan Local Hazard Mitigation Plan City Park Ordinances Landscape Maintenance Contract Tree Inventory & Analysis

Piedmont Park Dracena Park Linda & Linda Beach Park Hampton Park Crocker Park Coaches Field / Kennelly Skate Park

Best Practices

Community Engagement

ReScape Bay-Friendly Landscape Integrated Pest Management Alameda Countywide Clean Water

Harvest Festival December Park Pop-Ups Online Survey

Legislation

Interviews

AB 1572 - Turf Conversion Law AB 1889 - Wildlife Connectivity AB 1346 - Gas Equipment

Terra Landscape Public Works & Park Staff

Assessment of Current Practices

Findings & Recommendations FIGURE 2.1 | Park Management Assessment Process

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Tree Inventory & Analysis Guides proactive urban forest management, emphasizing species diversity, climate resilience, safety inspections, and long-term canopy health. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Policy Prioritizes non-chemical pest control and restricts pesticide use, reinforcing prevention-based and environmentally responsible maintenance practices. City Park Ordinances The City Code regulates park use—including hours, dogs, field reservations, and gatherings—with park-specific provisions that vary by location. While tailored rules reflect site differences, the lack of consistency across parks can create challenges for enforcement, user clarity, and operational efficiency.

MWELO-Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance Establishes standards for water efficiency in new and rehabilitated landscapes through limits on high-water plants, strict water budgets, and irrigation efficiency controls.

BEST PRACTICE RESEARCH Industry best practices informed the development of sustainability guidelines and operational recommendations: Bay-Friendly Landscape Guidelines Promote climate-appropriate planting, soil health, water conservation, waste reduction, IPM, and habitat protection. ReScape / StopWaste Principles

STATE & REGIONAL REGULATIONS AB 1572 – Turf Conversion Law Prohibits irrigation of nonfunctional turf with potable water, encouraging conversion to climateappropriate landscapes while exempting active recreational areas. AB 1346 – Gas-Powered Equipment Restrictions Phases out small gas-powered landscape equipment, requiring a transition to zero-emission alternatives and influencing procurement, contracts, and infrastructure planning. AB 1889 – Wildlife Connectivity (“Room to Roam Act”) Requires consideration of wildlife movement and habitat connectivity in local planning, reinforcing the ecological role of parks.

Advance regenerative, climate-aligned landscapes through permeable surfaces, carbon sequestration, reduced fossil-fuel equipment, and resource-efficient design. Special Topic Research Targeted research was conducted on topics particularly relevant to Piedmont’s park system: • Sustainable Pest Management (IPM) – Prevention-first, ecosystem-based pest control strategies. •

Dog Parks – Design, operations, and maintenance guidance from Trust for Public Land (TPL).

•

Sports Fields – Turf management standards, field rotation/resting, and natural vs. synthetic tradeoffs.

•

Lighting – Dark-sky compliant, energy-efficient lighting approaches.

MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT | 31

Image: Piedmont Park

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Assessment Of Current Practices This section summarizes key findings from the evaluation of existing park conditions and maintenance practices across nine topic areas. Findings are assessed relative to the best practices identified through City policy, state legislation, and industry research described in the previous section. While Piedmont’s parks are generally well cared for and highly valued, this evaluation highlights where current practices, infrastructure, and resource allocation may not fully align with long-term sustainability and resilience best practices. A more detailed technical assessment is provided in the Appendix.

MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT | 33

Natural Features

Tree Canopy

Key Findings

•

Natural areas—including ravines, hillsides, and stream corridors—are defining features of several parks but are experiencing ongoing degradation.

•

Recently planted tree species reflect increased diversity and climatic considerations. The City’s tree palette should continue to be expanded.

•

Erosion is a significant systemwide issue, particularly in the Dracena Park Ravine, Bushy Dell Canyon in Piedmont Park, and Linda Park.

•

Professional pruning and planting practices meet industry best practices.

•

Recordkeeping and inspection documentation are informal and inconsistent. There is a lack of complete tree inventory, landscape master plans, or management plans. The city would benefit from a tree asset management program.

•

Mature tree decline is occurring at several sites, with incomplete canopy replacement in some areas. There is a need for improved succession planting with greater species diversity and climate adaptability.

•

Irrigation deficiencies and invasive groundcovers affect long-term tree health.

•

Steep slopes and property constraints limit planting and maintenance access in some parks.

•

Stormwater, steep terrain, heavy foot and dog traffic, and outdated irrigation systems are contributing to slope instability and soil loss.

•

Ongoing invasive removal is documented but limited; restoration efforts are constrained by high use, irrigation limitations, and labor demands.

•

Recent native planting trials show success when plants are protected.

•

Wildfire fuel loads are actively managed but require continued proactive ongoing management.

Overall: Natural systems require more proactive stabilization and stormwater and vegetation management.

Overall: Core arboricultural practices are strong, but canopy succession planning, irrigation support, and documentation need improvement.

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Erosion in Piedmont Parks Piedmont’s steep topography is a defining characteristic of its park system, shaping both its visual identity and user experience. Ravines, hillsides, and natural slopes contribute to the unique character of these landscapes but are also inherently sensitive to disturbance. These areas are highly vulnerable to erosion from both natural forces and human activity. Intense rainfall, combined with heavy use—particularly by children and dogs—accelerates soil loss, destabilizes slopes, and degrades vegetation. Dracena Park

Storm damage after heavy rains in Dracena Park.

Ravine is the most significantly impacted, with additional erosion challenges present in Piedmont Park. These pressures are expected to increase over time as climate change drives more intense storm events and heavy park use continues. Sustaining these wellused and valued environments will require targeted protective measures to stabilize slopes, manage drainage, and better direct circulation. Strategies to address erosion and protect sensitive areas are outlined in Chapter 4.

MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT | 35

A Changing Climate Piedmont’s climate is already changing. Rising temperatures and shifting precipitation patterns are contributing to increased tree stress, reduced vigor, and greater susceptibility to pests and disease. These trends are expected to intensify over time, making climate adaptation a central consideration for long-term urban forest management. Species selection will play a critical role in responding to these changes. Trees that are suited to projected future conditions will be more likely to survive, perform well, and require fewer inputs. The Future Urban Climates approach, developed by the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, identifies a “climate analog”—a location whose current climate reflects Piedmont’s projected future conditions. Under a high-emissions scenario, Pomona, California is identified as an analog for Piedmont’s 2080 climate.

Incense cedars are not thriving in Dracena Park.

Pomona shares a similar Mediterranean vegetation type but experiences warmer and drier conditions. Tree species currently thriving there could be better adapted to Piedmont’s future climate. Comparisons of regional tree inventories show substantial overlap with species already present locally, while also identifying additional climate-adapted species that could expand diversity and resilience. Strengthening canopy resilience will require gradually shifting species selection toward trees adapted to warmer conditions, while maintaining diversity and preserving Piedmont’s landscape character. Recommended species for future planting, as well as species to phase out over time, are provided in Chapter 4.

Tipuana tipu, from Pomona’s tree list, may thrive in Piedmont.

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Loss of Old Trees Tree canopy is inherently dynamic, with mature trees declining and being replaced over time. In several parks, the loss of large, mature trees— some exceeding 100 feet in height—is beginning to noticeably alter landscape character. Recent losses at Crocker Park and Dracena Park as well as the ongoing decline of a mature coast live oak at Piedmont Park illustrate this trend. When large trees are removed, they create substantial canopy gaps that can take decades to replace, particularly where site constraints limit the establishment of new large-stature trees. In some cases, replacement planting has shifted toward smaller species due to space limitations, infrastructure conflicts, or irrigation constraints, reducing long-term canopy scale and impact. The City is replanting following removals and supporting establishment with targeted irrigation. However, maintaining canopy continuity will require more proactive succession planning, protection of adequate growing space, and selection of species suited to both site conditions and future climate.

Mature trees in Crocker Park.

MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT | 37

Landscape & Planting

Lawn & Turf

Key Findings

•

Ornamental planting areas are maintained at a high aesthetic standard.

•

Natural turf fields and some lawns areas are chronically overused and exceed their carrying capacity.

•

Many legacy plantings are waterintensive and not climate-adapted.

•

Seasonal rest and overseeding help but do not fully offset demand.

•

Native and low-water plantings are increasing but face challenges under heavy use.

•

Drainage and heat stress compound turf decline.

•

Synthetic turf fields are performing as intended and reduce irrigation demand. Lifecycle replacement and maintenance of artificial turf is well planned for.

•

Some lawn areas are not well used and are candidates for water reducing strategies.

•

Hillside planting areas are difficult to maintain due to trampling and erosion.

Overall: Maintenance quality is high, but plant species are not fully aligned with long-term climate and resilience goals.

Overall: Lawn stress is driven primarily by demand, not maintenance deficiencies. Capacity management strategies are needed.

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Irrigation

Soil Health

Key Findings

•

Mulch and compost are consistently applied across Piedmont parks.

•

Green waste is converted to compost off-site

•

Frequent mulch washout on slopes and contamination issues reduce long-term soil-building benefits.

Irrigation systems are generally aging, inefficient, and prone to leaks and pressure issues. Piecemeal improvements have resulted in an incohesive system.

•

Hydrozoning is limited; many systems do not align with plant demands or slope conditions.

•

Overspray damages trees and contributes to erosion.

•

No centralized control, flow monitoring, or alternative water sources are in use.

Overall: Irrigation infrastructure is a significant operational gap and directly contributes to landscape stress and water inefficiency.

Overall: Mulch and compost practices are consistent and generally align with best practices.

MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT | 39

Pest Management

Climate Change Mitigation

Key Findings

•

The City strongly adheres to its Integrated Pest Management (IPM) policy.

•

Non-chemical and mechanical controls are widely used and effective.

Staff have transitioned to electric equipment, but contractors still rely on some gas-powered tools due to high cost and technological limitations.

•

Drought stress, invasive species, raccoons, and gophers increase maintenance demands.

Lighting systems are outdated and not consistently energy-efficient.

•

Preventative strategies are limited by irrigation deficiencies and heavy landscape wear.

Carbon emissions are not currently a key factor in landscape material decisions.

•

Community stewardship opportunities are limited.

•

Overall: IPM practices align well with policy, but broader environmental stressors reduce their long-term effectiveness.

Overall: Some sustainability practices are in place, but equipment and infrastructure upgrades are needed to meet climate action goals.

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Park Operations & Use Key Findings •

Parks experience high and diverse use, increasing maintenance demands.

•

Rules and ordinances vary by park and are inconsistently enforced, creating user confusion.

•

Park uses, such as gathering areas, lack adequate infrastructure.

•

Signage and communication about park rules and stewardship is currently somewhat limited.

•

Lighting and wayfinding are generally aged or inconsistent.

•

The City is updating its ADA Transition Plan, and ADA improvements are incorporated in capital projects.

Overall: Operational challenges stem primarily from high demand and inadequate infrastructure rather than poor maintenance execution.

MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT | 41

Systemwide Themes Across topic areas, several consistent themes emerge: Core maintenance practices are strong.

Stormwater quality and slope stability require attention.

Management practices demonstrate a commitment to environmental stewardship within existing resource constraints. Most park spaces are maintained to a high standard.

Widespread erosion and retaining wall failures indicate that stormwater systems and natural slopes are not functioning optimally. Addressing these issues will be essential for protecting natural features and infrastructure over time.

Demand exceeds landscape carrying capacity.

Climate adaptation and operational modernization are needed.

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

CHAPTER 03

Community Engagement

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Engagement Methods Community engagement was a foundational component of the Sustainable Parks Management Plan. Through a combination of in-person and online outreach, the City engaged more than 500 community members, including 368 survey respondents and approximately 100-150 participants at the Harvest Festival pop-up event.. Promotion of the survey through pop-up events in parks provided a chance for the planning team to informally meet park users and hear their concerns. The engagement process sought to understand how residents use and experience Piedmont’s parks, what they value most about them, and what they hope will endure for future generations. The overarching message is clear: Piedmont’s parks are deeply valued and genuinely beloved. Residents described them as beautiful, peaceful, and special places — an oasis of nature within an urban setting. This chapter synthesizes key themes from the engagement process to inform the management strategies that follow. Complete engagement summaries are provided in the Appendix.

Pop-ups

Survey Parks Commission Meetings

500+

People Engaged

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT | 45

Harvest Festival Pop-up, September 2025.

Crocker Park Pop-up, December 2025.

Piedmont Park Pop-up, December 2025.

Linda Park Pop-up, December 2025.

Piedmont Park Pop-up, December 2025.

Dracena Park Pop-up, December 2025

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Harvest Festival Pop-Up On September 21, 2025, the planning team hosted a pop-up engagement booth at the annual Harvest Festival in Piedmont Park. The event draws approximately 2,000–3,000 attendees each year and provided an opportunity to introduce the Sustainable Parks Management Plan and gather feedback in an informal, approachable setting. Participants placed sticker votes on favorite park activities and provided written comments about challenges and priorities for preservation. More than 500 stickers were placed and 60 written comments collected. The comments reflected strong attachment to mature trees, creek corridors, walking trails, and dog areas. Playground upgrades, erosion concerns, restroom access, and rule clarity were also raised.

Online Survey & Park Pop-ups The online survey received 368 responses and was open December 2025 through January 2026. It focused on stewardship and park management and asked respondents to share how they use parks, what they value most, perceived challenges, and their 20year hopes. The Survey was promoted through the City’s website, social media, and through signage posted at the parks. Additionally, four pop-up table events to promote the survey were held at Linda, Crocker, Dracena, and Piedmont Parks during the week of December 8, 2025. The planning team and park commissioners engaged with park users, discussing park issues and priorities, and encouraged survey participation with native plant giveaways.

Who Responded •

82% Piedmont residents; 17% nonresident regular visitors

•

66% dog owners (likely higher than general population)

•

42% have children under 18 in household

•

Age: 39% ages 45-65, 27% ages 65+, 3% under 30

•

Largest geographic concentration near Dracena Park (36%)

FIGURE 3.1 | Survey Demographics Piedmont Residents (82%) Respondent Households with Dogs (66%) US Households with Dogs (45%) Respondent Households with Children Under 18 (42%) US Households with Children Under 18 (39%)

Under 30 (3%) 65+ (27%)

30-45 (31%)

45-65 (39%)

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT | 47

A Central Tension: Dogs in Shared Spaces Off-leash dogs areas represents one of the most valued features of the park system and the largest source of reported conflict. The Value Many comments described off-leash access as: • Essential to daily life and well-being •

A key source of social connection

•

An important part of what makes Piedmont’s parks special

Off-leash areas were the most selected value in the survey, and many 20-year hopes specifically referenced continued dog-friendly access. The Concerns At the same time, dog-related issues represented the largest category of reported challenges. Concerns included: • Dogs off leash in designated on-leash areas •

Safety concerns for children and other users

•

Environmental impacts, particularly erosion in high-use ravine areas

•

Frustration with inconsistent rule clarity and enforcement

People enjoying the park alongside canine friend.

This reveals a community working to balance legitimate but competing needs: maintaining dogfriendly spaces while protecting the natural character and shared use of parks.

Erosion in Dracena Park Canyon.

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Engagement Results People Use Parks Piedmont Park and Dracena Park are the heart of the system. Two-thirds visit Piedmont Park at least weekly, and nearly 60% visit Dracena with the same frequency. Off-leash dog areas – spanning both parks plus Blair Park – see daily or weekly use from 65% of respondents. The remaining parks serve more specialized or localized functions. Crocker Park, Hampton Field, and Linda Park each see regular use from roughly 18-20% of respondents, while Blair Park and Coaches Field are used regularly by fewer than 10%.

WHAT THEY DO THERE Walking and trail use dominate. • 65% walk or jog on trails and nature areas •

61% walk dogs in off-leash areas

Parks serve social functions. • 50% use parks to socialize with friends •

33% attend civic and community events

Contemplative use is significant. • 50% sit on benches to enjoy nature •

30% watch wildlife

•

28% spend quiet time reading or relaxing

Family activities remain important. • 36% take children to playgrounds •

23% attend youth sports

Core Community Values Survey respondents were asked to select up to three features they value most in Piedmont’s parks. As shown in Figure 3.2, off-leash dog areas, natural beauty, and mature trees/shade emerged as the most frequently selected values, closely followed by paths for walking or jogging and well-maintained amenities. Together, the results reflect a community that values both recreation and the natural, forested character that defines the park system.

Stewardship Priorities As shown in Figure 3.3, respondents showed nearuniversal agreement around maintaining natural systems — particularly trails and the urban forest — when asked to rate stewardship priorities. Strong support was also expressed for managing dog areas, maintaining open lawns and gathering spaces, addressing erosion and runoff, maintaining play areas, and supporting climate-adaptive landscaping. Sports field maintenance and lighting for safety generated more varied opinions, reflecting the fact that these amenities serve more specific user groups.

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT | 49

FIGURE 3.2 | Top Community Values for Parks 51%

Off-leash Dog Areas Natural Beauty

Mature Trees / Shade

50%

42%

Paths to Walk or Jog

Well-maintained Amenities Open Lawns

33%

14%

Wildlife Habitat / Native Plants

38%

14%

Virtual Quiet Places to Relax

13%

Tot Lots

13%

11%

Gathering Spaces

Percent Selected

(respondents selected up to 3)

FIGURE 3.3 | Stewardship Priorities Maintaining Trails and Natural Areas (81%)

Maintaining Urban Forest (79%) Managing Dog Areas (65%)

Maintaining Open Lawns and Gathering Spaces (62%) Managing Erosion and Runoff (61%)

Play Area Maintenance (60%)

Climate-adaptive Landscaping (57%)

Sports Field / Court Maintenance (51%)

Lighting for Safety (49%) 0

Percent Selected

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

The 20-Year Vision When asked what they hope will still be true in 20 years, respondents emphasized preservation of natural beauty, mature trees, and the parks’ essential character. Continued high standards of maintenance and ongoing access to dog areas were also commonly expressed aspirations.

“Retain their natural beauty and remain a place of respite in a busy world.”

A notable number of responses simply hoped the parks would “stay the same.” This reflects appreciation for what exists today and a desire for careful, thoughtful stewardship.

“I hope to walk my grandkids through the paths under the trees some day.” “Clean, safe spaces for all to enjoy.”

“Remains a beautiful gathering space for our community and children.”

“I hope we will have a vibrant diverse urban forest.”

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Off-leash dog areas are highly valued and central to how many residents experience the parks. At the same time, dog use represents the primary source of reported conflicts and contributes to environmental wear in some areas. The feedback reflects a desire to maintain dog-friendly access while protecting natural areas and supporting shared use. Visions of what that might look like differed: some users preferred a fenced-in dog park option, while others preferred to keep portions of natural areas for dog use, but more strictly enforced. The 20-year vision that emerged is largely one of preservation: residents hope the parks remain beautiful, well maintained, and true to their current character. This consistency across user groups suggests a strong shared foundation of values. The Sustainability Guidelines and Strategies in Chapter 4 respond directly to these themes, aiming to protect what the community values most while addressing identified operational and environmental challenges.

Key Themes The engagement process confirms that Piedmont’s parks are deeply valued community assets. Residents described them as beautiful, peaceful, and special—places they hope to share with future generations. This strong emotional connection provides important context for the findings.

Two values command broad consensus across the community: Preservation of the parks’ natural, forested character—mature trees, wooded trails, and a serene atmosphere Continuation of exceptional maintenance standards—the quality residents notice and expect to endure

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

CHAPTER 04

Sustainability Guidelines & Strategies

Image: Dracena Park

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Sustainability Guidelines & Strategies Chapter 4 establishes a comprehensive set of sustainability guidelines and strategies to support the long-term health, functionality, and resilience of Piedmont’s park system. Building on the existing conditions assessment and community input, this chapter translates key challenges—such as landscape wear, water use, aging infrastructure, and ecological health—into actionable approaches at multiple scales.

The chapter is organized into three components: systemwide management guidelines, which provide consistent operational and maintenance strategies across all parks; amenity-specific guidelines, which outline best practices for the design and placement of key park amenities; and parkspecific recommendations, which respond to the unique conditions, constraints, and opportunities of individual sites. Together, these layers create a cohesive framework that balances recreation, environmental stewardship, and long-term sustainability across the system.

Systemwide Management Guidelines The following systemwide management guidelines provide a framework for consistent, sustainable park operations across Piedmont’s diverse landscapes. Organized by topic, these strategies address natural features, tree canopy, landscape and planting, lawn and turf, irrigation, soil health, pest management, climate resilience change mitigation and resource conservation, and park operations and use, while allowing flexibility to respond to site-specific conditions. Together, they build on recent City efforts and offer a coordinated approach to improving performance, reducing resource use, and enhancing the overall park experience.

Image: Piedmont Park

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

1. Natural Features

1.1. Expand Slope Stabilization Efforts 1.1.1. Tailor landscape practice to define management zones based on level of use and landscape type (See Management Zone Concept on page 72). Update the City’s maintenance standards so landscape practices are responsive to various park conditions. 1.1.2. Shift from short-term erosion fixes to durable, landscape-based solutions: • Use design solutions to redirect access or mitigate excessive erosion caused by park users and dogs in key high-use areas. •

Ensure mulch or vegetation adequately covers exposed soil. 1.1.3. Reevaluate park uses that regularly create conditions that result in significant erosion. 1.1.4. Identify areas with significant stormwater runoff and implement rain gardens and bioswales to capture pollutants and reduce peak flows, particularly within natural drainages and hillsides prone to erosion. 1.1.5. Repair/address the effects of erosion, such as scour, exposed tree roots, sedimentation, and exposed foundations.

1.2. Restore and Protect Riparian Corridors and Sensitive Natural Areas 1.2.1. Protect and restore creeks and canyon environments by stabilizing stream banks and reducing peak stormwater flows. 1.2.2. Remove invasive plants where feasible, replacing them with species that promote biodiversity and beneficial insects. Protect and ensure adequate watering of replanted areas until fully established. 1.2.3. When making park upgrades, consider improvements that support habitat connectivity, including native planting, wildlife-friendly fencing, improved tree canopy and understory structure, pollinator habitat, and safe wildlife movement corridors, in support of AB 1889. 1.3. Establish Stronger Defensible Space Management 1.3.1. Create a maintenance schedule to routinely remove fuel load; trim plants and shrubs to prevent fuel ladders. 1.3.2. Map defensible space zones and establish planting guidelines to ensure 30’ clearance from structures in and adjacent to parkland. 1.4. Partner with Allied Agencies 1.4.1. Explore partnerships with local land management and conservation agencies—such as CAL FIRE and the California Conservation Corps (CCC)—to advance shared goals.

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What We Are Already Doing: Native revegetation at Linda Park has demonstrated successful restoration of an erosion impacted area. Interpretive signage is under development to help educate park users on the restoration effort.

Oak woodland revegetation at Linda Park.

What We Are Already Doing: Goats help reduce fuel load in natural areas like Blair Park and the hillside by the corporation yard.

Goats doing their job near the corporation yard hillside.

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Design Solutions for Mitigating Erosion Erosion in Piedmont’s steep park landscapes is driven by a combination of stormwater runoff, unstable soils, and concentrated traffic. Addressing these challenges requires a combination of design strategies that stabilize slopes, manage water, and guide user movement. The following approaches illustrate a range of techniques that can be applied individually or in combination, depending on site conditions. Stormwater Management & Green Infrastructure Capturing and slowing runoff is critical to reducing erosion. Strategies such as bioretention areas, swales, check dams, and subsurface drainage systems help disperse flows, promote infiltration, and prevent concentrated water from destabilizing slopes. Modular suspended pavement systems like Silva Cell by Deep Root or StrataCell by GreenBlue Urban create spaces under pavement for tree roots and stormwater management. These systems can be installed in paved areas upstream of erosion problem areas, allowing trees to grow larger and stay healthier by providing space for their roots to grow beneath pavement. Additionally, they collect and slow stormwater, providing an opportunity for trees and vegetation planted above to filter runoff. While these systems can be expensive and require certain conditions, they may be appropriate under the right circumstances. Similarly, high performance modular biofiltration systems such as Filterra or BioPod provide compact systems to slow and clean stormwater runoff. These systems are smaller and may be more applicable to Piedmont.

Access Management and Physical Barriers Directing circulation and limiting access to sensitive areas can significantly reduce wear and soil disturbance. Low-impact barriers such as dense shrub planting, split-rail or post-and-cable fencing, and strategically placed boulders can discourage offtrail movement while maintaining a natural character. Slope Stabilization – Natural Systems Plant-based and soil-focused approaches help reinforce slopes while maintaining a natural appearance. Techniques include deep-rooted native planting, hydroseeding, mulch application, and the use of inlaid rocks or woody debris to slow runoff and anchor soils. Natural fiber rolls and mats can also be deployed to slow water. Slope Stabilization – Structural Systems In areas with severe erosion or high use, more durable interventions may be required. These can include terracing, retaining walls, stone pitching, erosion control mats, or reinforced soil systems. Structural solutions are typically combined with planting to improve long-term performance and visual integration.

Erosion from overuse in Dracena Park ravine.

SUSTAINABILITY GUIDELINES & STRATEGIES | 59

Dense planting to limit access.

Filterra modular biofiltration system.

Modular suspended pavement system to manage stormwater.

Slope-stabilizing hydroseeded planting in Linda Park.

Strategic barriers in Joaquin Miller Park.

Erosion control mat with plant cuttings to encourage plant establishment on a steep slope.

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

2. Tree Canopy

2.1. Strengthen long-term canopy health through proactive replacement planning 2.1.1. Expand Piedmont’s tree palette by proactively planning for tree succession, planting climate-resilient species that are well suited for individual site conditions (see Appendix: Climate- Forward Plant List).

What We Are Already Doing: Recently planted tree species reflect increased diversity and climatic considerations; upgraded irrigation systems will provide appropriate tree watering.

2.1.2. For parks with large exposed areas, plant large trees to restore lost canopy and provide shade. 2.1.3. In parks with limited planting space or shared property lines, select columnar or narrowform climate-ready trees to increase canopy coverage without encroaching on adjacent properties. 2.2. Reduce stressors that limit tree performance 2.2.1. Limit turf, invasive ground covers (such as ivy), and sand accumulation at tree bases to prevent root stress and improve soil health. 2.2.2. Ensure dedicated irrigation as appropriate for all trees and continue reducing spray irrigation impacts where feasible. 2.3. Standardize inspection documentation and tree management records 2.3.1. Implement a consistent recordkeeping and inspection protocol to support long-term urban forest management and reduced liability risk, prioritizing large trees (i.e. Eucalyptus)

A newly planted Island Oak tree in Dracena Park.

SUSTAINABILITY GUIDELINES & STRATEGIES | 61

3. Landscape & Planting

3.1. Transition Toward More Resilient Plantings 3.1.1. Maintain Piedmont’s garden-like character while incrementally shifting away from highwater, high-maintenance ornamental plantings toward more climate-adapted, drought-tolerant, and durable species (see Appendix: Plant List). Ensure selected plant material can withstand park use (see Management Zone Concept on page 72). 3.1.2. Train staff on landscape care for native and drought tolerant plants (e.g. Rescape, CNPS, USGBC CA) 3.2. Expand Protection Strategies for Planting Areas 3.2.1 Increase the use of fencing, edging, and clear spatial definition to protect planting areas from trampling, wildlife damage, and informal access: • General: Clear signage and/or fencing to protect sensitive areas; respond to desire lines by formalizing or redirecting path of travel. •

Deer: Netting or caging over new planting until established.

•

Kids: Barriers or dense groundcover to discourage access to sensitive areas.

•

Dogs: Leash laws; barriers or dense groundcover to discourage access to sensitive areas.

3.3. Improve public awareness of sustainable landscapes 3.3.1. Add interpretive signage in resilient planting areas to help the public understand planting choices and build support for waterwise, climate-ready landscapes.

What We Are Already Doing: Upgraded interpretive signage is planned at both the native garden near Community Hall and the restoration of the Oak woodland at Linda Park

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

4. Lawn & Turf

4.1. Lawn Reduction in Underutilized Areas 4.1.1. Reevaluate where lawn is appropriate across the park system and limit its use to active recreation or functional gathering areas. Consider removing turf in: • Lawn between buildings or open spaces with no seating, access, or activity. •

Lawn in medians, roundabouts, or entry zones.

•

Sloped or oddly shaped areas that are hard to use or water efficiently.

•

All areas identified as functionally non-active.

4.2. Strengthen Natural Turf Management Through Rest, Rotation, and Improved Establishment 4.2.1. Adjust programming, scheduling, and field allocation to reduce overuse, particularly at Hampton and Coaches, where turf is operating beyond sustainable capacity. 4.2.2. Where feasible, continue and expand seasonal closures, wear-zone rotation, and hydroseeding as core natural turf management strategies.

4.3. Adequately Maintain and Replace Artificial Turf Fields 4.3.1. Ensure regular maintenance of artificial turf fields, including necessary specialty practices such as grooming and decompaction, infill replenishment, debris removal, seam and surface repairs, and periodic deep cleaning to maintain safety and performance. 4.3.2. Continue to replace turf surfaces at the end of their lifecycle, using scheduled condition assessments to plan for timely replacement and minimize disruptions, while evaluating opportunities to upgrade materials, improve performance, and incorporate more sustainable materials where feasible.

What We Are Already Doing: Staff is planning for turf removal, native revegetation, and irrigation upgrades of non-functional turf areas. Piedmont Beautification Foundation is supporting these efforts with donations to help with replanting with an emphasis on creating local habitats using predominately native plants.

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Lawn in Resilient Parks California faces ongoing water supply challenges, and parks play an important role in advancing conservation. Lawn and natural turf areas are essential components of Piedmont’s park system, supporting a wide range of uses—from organized sports and informal play to community gathering. However, turf is also one of the most water-intensive landscape types and is at times used in areas that provide limited functional benefit. Converting underutilized or non-functional turf to climate-adapted planting can significantly reduce water use, lower long-term maintenance costs, and support biodiversity. These landscapes can also enhance the park experience by introducing greater visual diversity, seasonal interest, and habitat value. AB 1572: Non Functional Turf In 2024, the State of California adopted AB 1572, which restricts the irrigation of non-functional turf in public landscapes. This applies to turf areas that are not used for play or community benefit, such as ornamental strips, edges, and purely decorative lawns. While parks are explicitly exempt from the legislation, the policy highlights an opportunity to reconsider peripheral and underutilized turf areas within Piedmont’s parks.

Guidelines for Reducing Non-Functional Turf Target Areas Focus on converting low-use spaces such as parking lot edges, narrow strips, buffers between amenities, and other ornamental zones. Turf should be retained in primary recreation areas that support sports, picnicking, and community use. Planting Design Replace turf with drought-tolerant, climate-adapted species that thrive in Piedmont’s unique conditions. Planting areas should be layered and visually appealing, designed to provide shade, texture, and seasonal interest. Irrigation Retrofit Upgrade irrigation systems to align with new planting types, including conversion from spray to drip or bubbler systems to improve efficiency and reduce water waste.

Native plants replacing turf in Crocker Park.

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

5. Irrigation

5.1. Modernize Irrigation Infrastructure for Efficiency and Reliability 5.1.1. Prioritize phased replacement of aging irrigation systems, focusing on parks with recurring failures, weak pressure, and high maintenance burden. Ensure upgrades form a cohesive system. 5.1.2. Update controllers to smart systems with desktop/handheld controls, evapotranspiration/ rain adjustments, and weather station. 5.1.3. Install flow sensors and address root intrusion and failing mainlines to reduce leaks, downtime, and reactive repairs. 5.1.4. Establish a preferred irrigation supply list to standardize components and streamline replacement and repair. 5.1.5. Track water expenditures to understand the true cost per park per acre. 5.2. Improve Alignment with Plant Needs and Site Conditions 5.2.1. Reduce plant overwatering and stress by hydrozoning planting areas and refining irrigation schedules to better align with plant needs and microclimates, in accordance with MWELO guidelines. 5.2.2. Consider installing temporary irrigation on currently unirrigated slopes to support plant establishment.

5.3. Protect Irrigation Systems in High-Use Areas 5.3.1. Avoid drip where tubing can be easily exposed and damaged. Use pop-up heads or bubblers or removed irrigation in these areas 5.4. On-Site Recycling and Reclaimed Water 5.4.1. While recycled water is not currently available in Piedmont, and not a practical option in the foreseeable future, the City should track EMBUD’s expansion endeavors and establish a recycled water program if the opportunity becomes available. 5.4.2. Explore on-site graywater and stormwater recycling from sources such as sinks, parking areas, and rooftops.

SUSTAINABILITY GUIDELINES & STRATEGIES | 65

6. Soil Health

6.1. Build and Maintain Living Soils 6.1.1. In low use areas, leave plant clippings on-site where appropriate to support soil health and ecological function, with signage to communicate benefits. 6.1.2. Inoculate soils with mycorrhizal fungi and minimize disturbance to support soil biology. 6.1.3. Aerate compacted soils as needed to improve air and water infiltration. 6.2. Maintain Adequate Mulch Cover 6.2.1. Maintain 2-4 inches of organic mulch over exposed soil (or until plant cover is established) to retain moisture and suppress weeds; refresh mulch annually. This could include municipally generated mulch that is compliant with SB 1383. • Use coarse mulch materials for improved weed control. •

Avoid synthetic weed barriers; cardboard sheet mulch is preferred.

6.3. Apply Compost to Improve Soil Quality 6.3.1. Apply high-quality compost to improve soil structure, fertility, and microbial activity. Organic enriched soils allow greater water absorption to benefit plant health and reduce runoff. This could include municipally generated compost that is compliant with SB 1383. • Turf or groundcover installations: incorporate 1-2 inches of compost into the top 5-7 inches of soil. •

Planting beds: spread 2-4 inches of compost over the surface of the soil and incorporate it into the top 1-2 feet of soil.

•

Trees and shrubs: amend the entire bed with 1 part compost to 3-5 parts soil incorporating into the backfill around the new planting, before applying mulch.

•

Compost blankets or compost filter berms can be applied for erosion control. 6.3.2. Continue composting practices while exploring potential opportunities for on-site composting where appropriate. • Continue public education about Piedmont’s compost hub and Republic’s compost station tours. •

Consider targeted on-site composting with signage to educate the public about the process and benefits. This could include allowing leaf litter to remain in planting areas or collecting in local park compost piles.

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

7. Pest Management

7.1. Maintain and Support Non-Chemical Pest Management Practices 7.1.1. Shift efforts toward prevention by improving soil health, plant selection, and irrigation performance to reduce plant stress and pest vulnerability.

What We Are Already Doing: Piedmont has been using non-chemical pest management strategies for many years.

7.1.2. Continue to prioritize manual, mechanical, and least-toxic pest control methods, including ongoing invasive species removal in areas such as Dracena Park ravine and Piedmont Park canyon. 7.1.3. Ensure adequate staffing and access to sustain these labor-intensive practices, particularly in naturalized and sloped areas. Ensure staff, volunteers, and contractors are trained on innovative practices and technology. 7.2. Expand Physical Protection to Reduce Recurring Damage from Deer and Other Animals 7.2.1. Increase the strategic use of fencing, guards, and access controls to protect young plants and sensitive areas from wildlife. Prioritize species that are deer resistant (see Appendix A: Climate-Forward Plant Lists).

Volunteers help remove invasive ivy.

SUSTAINABILITY GUIDELINES & STRATEGIES | 67

8. Climate Change Mitigation & Resource Conservation 8.1. Modernize Infrastructure to Reduce Greenhouse Emissions and Conserve Energy, 8.1.1. Replace outdated park lighting with LED, solar, and dark-sky-compliant fixtures to reduce energy use and light pollution.

What We Are Already Doing: The City’s landscape contractors use battery blowers, and the City is using all battery equipment to maintain the new Aquatics Center.

8.2. Integrate Resource Conservation with Operations 8.2.1. Align daily maintenance practices with broader resource conservation goals by gradually reducing waste exports and improving on-site reuse of green waste where feasible (reference Soil Health guidelines). 8.2.2. Incorporate low-carbon material considerations into landscape decisions to support broader City sustainability goals. 8.2.3. Continue to pursue opportunities to expand the City’s transition to zero-emission equipment including through maintenance contracts. 8.2.4. Set 5-year goal for complete conversion to electric equipment.

Electric mower in use.

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

9. Park Operations & Use

9.1. Standardize Regulations and Enforcement Across the Park System 9.1.1. Establish consistent park-use rules across the park system to improve clarity for visitors and simplify enforcement. 9.2. Strengthen On-site Stewardship and User Education 9.2.1. Consider adding a park ranger or ambassador role to support visitor education, stewardship, and rule compliance. 9.2.2. Use signage to clearly communicate regulations, park etiquette expectations, and maintenance practices. 9.2.3. Pair interpretive signage with broader outreach (e.g., website updates or seasonal messaging) to encourage public understanding and stewardship of sustainable practices. 9.2.4. Identify appropriate park projects for community stewardship and designate budget for coordination of opportunities. 9.3. Evaluate User Needs and Provide New Amenities to Support Them 9.3.1. Continually engage the community to understand needs; modify or add amenities accordingly.

9.3.2. Implement an asset management platform to manage routine maintenance, repairs, and lifecycle replacement of park amenities and infrastructure; ensure adequate funding for these activities. Actively plan and budget for lifecycle replacement of park amenities, features, and infrastructure. 9.3.3. Add picnic tables and seating in locations designated for informal gathering. Consider creating a reservation system for key sites to accommodate planned gatherings. 9.4. Activate Underutilized Spaces Thoughtfully 9.4.1. Evaluate underused park areas for potential amenities or programming opportunities in accordance with community needs. Ensure future improvements are inclusive, comfortable, functional, and designed to reduce environmental impacts and wear. 9.5. Improve Park Access and Circulation 9.5.1. Align park improvement projects with the City’s ADA Transition Plan. 9.5.2. Where topography makes accessibility less feasible, explore opportunities to create an equivalent experience elsewhere. 9.5.3. Expand signage, lighting, and rest opportunities along key circulation paths and stairways to improve comfort and usability. Prioritize high-use areas.

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Habitat Connectivity California Assembly Bill 1889 requires cities and counties to address wildlife movement and habitat connectivity in their general plans beginning January 1, 2028. Piedmont’s parks are well positioned to support this goal by serving as habitat nodes and stepping stones for wildlife, particularly given their proximity to larger habitat areas in the Oakland Hills. Piedmont already supports a wide range of wildlife, including deer, wild turkeys, skunks, bobcats, raccoons, bats, bald eagles, owls, and many other bird species. Creeks and streams also provide habitat for fish, frogs, salamanders, insects, and other aquatic and riparian species, which in turn support broader food webs. Protecting and improving the environmental health of Piedmont’s parks can help these species thrive. To be most effective, parks should connect to broader ecological corridors that allow animals to move safely between habitat areas. Planting keystone species, such as native oaks, is an important first step. Creeks, rights-of-way, utility corridors, bioswales, and pedestrian passages can also function as connectors, particularly where continuous vegetation is provided. Pollinators like bees, hummingbirds, and butterflies can particularly benefit from strategic planting of the native plants they rely on. Additional design and management strategies can further support habitat connectivity. Darksky lighting can reduce disruption to nocturnal wildlife. Culverts can be adapted to allow for animal passage, and fences can be modified to allow smaller creatures to pass through.

Map of potential habitat connectivity in California. Credit: California Department of Fish and Wildlife

Park stewardship and educational initiatives can help build community awareness of habitat connectivity and the role residents can play in supporting biodiversity. Ultimately, Piedmont’s parks could play a pivotal role in sustaining and increasing biodiversity in the Bay Area.

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Infrastructure Lifespan All park elements have a finite lifespan and will eventually require replacement to remain safe, functional, and aligned with community needs. The lifecycle of each element varies based on material, intensity of use, and environmental exposure. Table 4.1 summarizes typical replacement timelines and order-of-magnitude cost ranges for common park amenities. Proper maintenance extends the useful life of elements. These estimates include capital and installation costs and are intended for planning purposes only; actual costs will vary based on site conditions, design complexity, and infrastructure requirements. Not all listed amenities are currently present in Piedmont and are included as a reference for long-term planning. This is a typical series of amenities in Bay Area parks. Some may have low feasibility and community interest in Piedmont. As always, planning and engagement is necessary when considering uses and facilities in parks.

SUSTAINABILITY GUIDELINES & STRATEGIES | 71

TABLE 4.1 | Amenity Lifecycles Amenity

Replacement Timeline

Amphitheater

25-35 yrs

Seating, railings, and surfacing may need interim repair

Basketball Court

20-30 yrs

Resurfacing, striping, hoops, and nets need periodic refresh.

Baseball/Softball Field

25-30 yrs

Infield, fencing, backstops, and irrigation may need interim repair

Bocce Court

10-15 yrs

Surface may need periodic leveling or replenishment.

Community Garden

15-20 yrs

Beds, fencing, irrigation, and soil need ongoing upkeep

Dog Park

20-30 yrs

Surfacing, fencing, gates, and drainage need frequent upkeep.

Fit Course

10-15 yrs

Individual equipment may need earlier replacement.

Multiuse Field - Artificial Turf

7-10 yrs

Infill, seams, and striping need periodic maintenance.

Multiuse Field - Lawn

25-35 yrs

Turf, irrigation, and drainage need ongoing maintenance.

Pickleball Court

10-20 yrs

Resurfacing, striping, nets, and posts need periodic refresh.

Playground

15-20 yrs

Components may need replacement before full playground replacement.

Pump Track

10-20 yrs

Varies widely by material/design

Skate Park

20-30 yrs

Cracks, joints, rails, and edges should be monitored.

Splash Pad

20-30 yrs

Mechanical and water systems may need earlier replacement.

Tennis Courts

20-30 yrs

Resurfacing, striping, nets, and posts need periodic refresh.

Volleyball

20-30 yrs

Nets, posts, lines, and sand need periodic refresh.

Shade Structure/Sail

25-35 yrs

Roofing/fabric panels, hardware, and coatings may need interim repair.

Restroom

20-30 yrs

Fixtures, plumbing, and finishes may need interim replacement.

Site Furnishings (benches, bike racks, tables, etc.)

10-15 yrs

Hardware and coatings may need interim repair.

Barbecue

10-15 yrs

Grates and trays may need more frequent replacement.

Drinking Fountain

10-15 yrs

Valves, filters, and plumbing need periodic maintenance.

Paved Trail/Pathway

20-30 yrs

Crack sealing and patching may extend useful life.

Decomposed Granite

20-30 yrs

Requires replenishment, compaction, and edging repair.

Playground Surfacing Wood Fiber

n/a

Playground Surfacing Rubber

7-10 yrs

Patching and seam repair may be needed, especially at high-wear locations.

Plaza Paving

20-30 yrs

Joint, settlement, and localized repairs may be needed.

Lighting

25-35 yrs

Fixtures, controls, wiring, and bases may need repair.

Notes

Ongoing replenishment to maintain safe depth.

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Management Zone Concept Piedmont parks have a wide range of use patterns and environmental conditions, requiring tailored management strategies rather than a one-sizefits-all approach. The type of landscape—whether highly manicured or predominantly natural—and the intensity of use both influence how spaces function, wear over time, and respond to maintenance practices. As such, management strategies can be effectively applied along two key categories: level of use (low to high) and landscape type (natural to manicured). Staff can use this approach to inform site-specific landscape management and design of improvement projects.

Manicured + High Use Highly programmed and intensively used spaces— such as sports fields or active recreation areas— require durable surfaces and proactive maintenance. Management strategies emphasize wear mitigation and operational controls, including rotating field use and restricting access during wet conditions to prevent damage.

Figure 4.1 illustrates this framework as a fourquadrant matrix, demonstrating how management approaches can be applied based on these intersecting conditions.

Natural + Low Use These areas are typically characterized by limited human impact and higher ecological value. Management prioritizes conservation and restoration, including invasive species removal and native habitat restoration to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem function.

Each quadrant represents a distinct combination of landscape character and use intensity, with corresponding management priorities and strategies: Natural + High Use These areas experience heavy foot traffic within predominantly natural landscapes, often leading to erosion, vegetation loss, and habitat degradation. Management focuses on balancing access with protection through strategies such as slope stabilization, rotating temporary closures to allow recovery, protecting sensitive vegetation zones, and incorporating hardy, resilient plant species. Representative Areas: Bush Dell Creek Trail in Piedmont Park, Dracena Park ravine

Representative Areas: Exedra Plaza and play area, lower Dracena lawn and play area, Hampton playfield, Coaches Field, Linda Beach play area, courts, and field.

Representative Areas: Dracena Park steep quarry hillsides, undisturbed hillsides above Bushy Dell Creek. Manicured + Low Use Landscapes in this quadrant are maintained but experience relatively light use, presenting opportunities to reduce maintenance intensity and transition toward more sustainable planting strategies. Approaches may include reducing turf areas and introducing climate-adapted or native species to lower long-term resource inputs. Representative areas: Crocker Park periphery landscape areas, other small periphery lawn areas adjacent to parking lots, sidewalks, buildings, etc.

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FIGURE 4.1 | Management Zone Concept

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Applying the Guidelines This framework can be used to guide decisionmaking and align management practices with sitespecific conditions. Table 4.2 provides a summary of the preceding Systemwide Guidelines organized by quadrant which it applies, offering a practical reference for selecting appropriate interventions based on landscape type and intensity of use, supporting a more nuanced and adaptive approach to park and open space management.

Dracena Park on a sunny weekend.

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TABLE 4.2 | Systemwide Guidelines Applied by Management Zone

NATURAL

High Use

Low Use

MANICURED

High Use

Low Use

NATURAL FEATURES Use design solutions—such as planting buffers or barriers (logs, rocks, branches)—to mitigate excessive erosion caused by park users and dogs in key high-use areas.



Identify areas with significant stormwater runoff that causes erosion and implement strategies to mitigate impacts.



Repair/address the effects of erosion, such as scour, exposed tree roots, sedimentation, and exposed foundations.



Ensure mulch or vegetation adequately covers exposed soil.



Remove invasive plants where feasible. Replace with species for biodiversity and beneficial insects.



Map defensible space zones and establish planting guidelines to ensure 30’ from clearance from structures in and adjacent to parkland; eliminate fuel ladders



Protect and restore creeks and canyon environments by stabilizing stream banks and addressing failing retaining structures.



Prioritize ongoing maintenance and replacement planting with climate-ready species



Expand Piedmont’s tree pallet to incorporate native species where appropriate to support biodiversity and habitat restoration.



For parks with large open spaces, plant large-scale climate-ready trees to restore lost canopy and provide shade.



TREE CANOPY

In parks with limited planting space or shared property lines, prioritize columnar or narrow-form climate-ready trees to increase canopy coverage without encroaching on adjacent properties In sloped parks, apply erosion control measures and slope-appropriate planting techniques to support successful establishment and reduce soil instability



Maintain dedicated irrigation as appropriate for all trees, and continue reducing spray irrigation impacts where feasible.



PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

TABLE 4.2 | Systemwide Guidelines Applied by Management Zone

NATURAL

High Use

Low Use

MANICURED

High Use

Low Use



LANDSCAPE & PLANTING Maintain Piedmont’s garden-like character while incrementally shifting away from high-water, high-maintenance ornamental plantings toward more climate-adapted, drought-tolerant, and durable species Prioritize resilient shrubs and perennials that can withstand heavy park use, heat, and limited irrigation.



Increase the use of fencing, edging, and clear spatial definition to protect planting areas from trampling, wildlife damage, and informal access.



Add interpretive signage in resilient planting areas to help the public understand planting choices and build support for lower-water, climate-ready landscapes



LAWN & TURF Replace nonfunctional turf as defined by AB 1572



Address existing desire lines within turf by formalizing a path or redirecting traffic.



Adjust programming, scheduling, and field allocation to reduce overuse.



Where feasible, continue and expand seasonal closures, wear-zone rotation, and hydroseeding as core natural turf management strategies



Ensure regular maintenance and life cycle replacement of artificial turf fields, including specialty equipment



IRRIGATION Prioritize phased replacement of aging irrigation systems, focusing on parks with recurring failures, weak pressure, and high maintenance burden Refine irrigation practices to better align plant groupings with water needs (hydrozones) and microclimates, reducing overwatering and stress.



Consider installing temporary irrigation on currently unirrigated slopes to support plant establishment



Avoid drip where tubing can be easily exposed and damaged. Use pop-up heads or bubblers or removed irrigation in these areas.



Mechanically aerate soil and apply quality compost annually.



Explore options to compost onsite, with signage informing the public of the process and benefits.



   



SUSTAINABILITY GUIDELINES & STRATEGIES | 77

TABLE 4.2 | Systemwide Guidelines Applied by Management Zone

NATURAL

High Use

Low Use

MANICURED

High Use

Low Use

SOIL HEALTH Consider leaving plant clippings on-site where appropriate to support soil health and ecological function, while clearly communicating this practice to residents with signage conveying the environmental intent behind it.



Inoculate planting soil with mycorrhizal fungi.



Keep 2-4 inches of an organic mulch over the surface of the soil at all times. Refresh mulch annually.



 

PEST MANAGEMENT Shift efforts toward prevention by improving soil health, plant selection, and irrigation performance to reduce plant stress and pest vulnerability.



Continue to prioritize manual, mechanical, and least-toxic pest control methods.



Increase the strategic use of fencing, guards, and access controls to protect young plants and sensitive areas from wildlife. Prioritize species that are deer resistant.



CLIMATE & RESOURCE CONSERVATION Replace outdated park lighting with LED, solar, and dark-sky-compliant fixtures to reduce energy use and reduce light pollution. Align daily maintenance practices with broader resource conservation goals by gradually reducing waste exports and improving on-site reuse of green waste where feasible.



PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Amenity-Specific Guidelines The following section provides baseline planning and design guidance to support future improvements within Piedmont’s park system. These guidelines are intended to help ensure that new and existing amenities:

These guidelines do not replace a thorough design and public engagement process. Each future amenity should include: •

Site-specific environmental and infrastructure analysis

•

Respond to demonstrated community needs and patterns of use, integrating seamlessly within the park

•

Community engagement and stakeholder outreach

•

Minimize impacts to natural systems, drainage patterns, and habitat

•

Evaluation of neighborhood compatibility and noise/light impacts

•

Respect neighborhood context and park character

•

Lifecycle cost assessment and maintenance planning

•

Support long-term maintenance, durability, and operational sustainability

•

Review of applicable safety and accessibility standards and codes

SUSTAINABILITY GUIDELINES & STRATEGIES | 79

Guidance for Amenities Outside Best Practices It is expected that some existing—and in certain cases, future—amenities will not fully align with these guidelines due to site constraints, legacy conditions, or competing priorities. In these cases, the City should focus on identifying and mitigating potential impacts through targeted management strategies, operational adjustments, and, where feasible, physical improvements. This plan recognizes how important some uses are to the public and recommends additional maintenance resources be directed to ensure success. Focused capital investment and staff resources should be directed to areas of misalignment to address potential issues, such as user conflicts, safety concerns, or environmental degradation. With proactive management and ongoing monitoring, amenities that do not fully meet best practice guidelines can continue to function successfully while minimizing negative externalities on surrounding park areas and the broader community.

The City should plan to direct additional resources to popular amenities that cannot meet guidelines.

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Play Areas Play areas are recreation spaces for children that support physical activity, social interaction, imagination, and cognitive development through age-appropriate equipment and open-ended play opportunities. They should be designed to serve a range of age groups—from preschool-aged children (2–5) to elementary-aged children (5–11) and teens—and to support different types of play, including active, imaginative, and contemplative experiences. Playgrounds are highly regulated for safety and accessibility. Designs should also consider inclusivity across age and user groups, ensuring that spaces feel welcoming and functional for both young children and older youth (particularly teen girls who are often underserved in traditional play

Play equipment for older children often features more challenging structures to climb.

environments).

CHARACTERISTICS Essential •

Explore appropriate play types: Based on community input and site characteristics, thoughtfully determine the most suitable play approach (e.g., nature play, imaginative play, adventure play). Consider incorporating unique and interactive elements (e.g., such as boulders, climbing nets, grade changes, etc.) to enhance creativity, exploration, and sensory experiences.

•

Provide play opportunities for all ages: Reduce safety conflicts between age groups by providing separate play areas; allow for sibling and group play.

•

Inclusive design: Provide ADA-compliant routes to and within the play area; incorporate varied play types and sensory experiences.

•

Adequate space: space needed for structures is dependent on age. Must also accommodate fall zones.

The Linda Beach Tot Lot focuses on play equipment for younger children.

Shade is essential for a comfortable playground experience.

SUSTAINABILITY GUIDELINES & STRATEGIES | 81

•

Compliance with CPSC and ASTM safety standards: Ensure proper fall zones, equipment spacing, and entrapment prevention.

•

Topography & Soils: Ensure well-drained soils and stable subgrade to prevent surfacing failure and long-term maintenance issues. Flatter topography will ensure greater accessibility.

•

Appropriate ground materials: Ensure smooth surfaces for running and landing by using impactattenuating surfacing.

•

Avoid adjacency to incompatible uses: Separate or buffer from vehicular traffic and high-conflict uses, such as streets, parking areas, and dog facilities.

•

Consider playground type in relationship to adjacent uses (e.g. residential areas): consider setbacks as appropriate.

•

Visibility: Ensure clear sightlines to support passive supervision; avoid hidden corners for safety.

•

Shade: Tree canopy preferred; structural shade where needed; ensure appropriate coverage.

•

Seating, restrooms & water fountains: Support supervision and comfort; encourage longer visits.

•

Maintenance: Plan for routine checks and capital replacement.

Accessible playground equipment allows for children of all abilities to play together. Credit: Landscape Structures

Natural play equipment uses materials like boulders and logs to inspire play. Credit: earthscapeplay.com

Optional •

Adjacency to complementary amenities: Locate near picnic areas, civic spaces, or open lawns to support longer stays.

•

Lighting: Where appropriate and neighborhoodcompatible, provide lighting to allow for longer play in winter evenings.

•

Accessible equipment: Incorporate play equipment designed for wheelchair use to create opportunities for children of all abilities to play together.

Nature play areas can spark imaginative play using very basic elements.

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

References U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission – Public Playground Safety Handbook; https://www.cpsc.gov/ Playground-Handbook U.S. Access Board – ADA Standards for Accessible Design: Play Areas (Chapter 10); https://www.access-board.gov/ada/ guides/chapter-10-play-areas/ ASTM International – Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Playground Equipment (ASTM F1487); https://www.astm.org National Recreation and Park Association – Playground Safety Resources; https://www.nrpa.org/our-work/ playground-safety/

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Making Space for All Park Users Some demographic groups are often underconsidered in traditional park design, meaning their needs may not be fully reflected in the types of spaces, amenities, and experiences provided. As Piedmont plans future park improvements, it should consider how parks can better support a broader range of users, including teen girls and children with special needs. Studies have shown that teen girls often do not feel welcome in public parks. Facilities such as skate parks and basketball courts often attract more boys than girls, while playgrounds are generally designed for younger children. Research from Denmark found that girls valued good lighting, clean toilets, quiet nature, and a feeling of safety, along with interesting swings, seating, climbing structures and natural play elements. Piedmont can support teen girls by creating comfortable, safe, and inviting places to socialize, especially in future play areas and flexible gathering spaces. Inclusive play spaces can also create valuable experiences for children of varying abilities and needs. These spaces may include accessible equipment for children with mobility limitations, and sensory play elements such as varied tactile materials and sound play. Sensory play can also include opportunities for different types of movement, such as sliding, spinning, climbing, and balancing. Quiet retreat spaces are also important, giving children a place to feel safe, calm, and regulated when they need a break from more active or social play. Park spaces can even include scent gardens for further sensory engagement. Together, these elements help create playgrounds that are more welcoming, flexible, and supportive for all children and caregivers.

The Deconstructed Heart sculpture in Kitchener, Canada was designed with teen girls to be a welcoming and playful public space for them. Credit: earthscapeplay.com

References Echo Architects, RIBA Europe, Make Space for Girls – Where Are All the Girls? Rethinking Inclusive Design in the World’s Most Livable City American Planning Association PAS Memo – Designing with Teen Girls: Reclaiming Joy, Agency, and Belonging in Public Space, by Cassandra Rice, AICP https://www.playlsi.com/blog/category/sensorystimulating-playground

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Picnic Areas Picnic areas provide tables and seating for gatherings, small celebrations, and everyday social interaction. They can include shelters and grills, can include multiple clustered or single tables, and can be reservable or walk-up. People frequently use picnic areas for organized occasions such as children’s birthday parties, high school graduations, and other celebrations, as well as informally for picnicking with friends and family.

Shade, topography, and surface material are all important considerations for picnic areas. Credit: East Bay Regional Parks

SUSTAINABILITY GUIDELINES & STRATEGIES | 85

CHARACTERISTICS Essential

References:

•

Level, firm, and accessible surfaces: Reduce turf compaction and clarify use areas by defining gathering areas with appropriate surfacing and good drainage.

U.S. Access Board – Architectural Barriers Act (ABA)

Durable, appropriately scaled furnishings: Provide durable, low-maintenance picnic furnishings, and align the number and layout of tables with the expected intensity of use (e.g., single tables vs. group picnic areas) to ensure spaces are functional and easy to maintain.

U.S. Department of Justice – 2010 ADA Standards for

•

Shade: Tree canopy preferred; structural shade where needed; ensure appropriate coverage.

•

Convenient waste and recycling access: Reduce litter and maintenance burden.

•

Restrooms and drinking water nearby.

•

Accessibility: Ensure the code-required number of tables can accommodate wheelchairs and that they are accessible.

•

Consider circulation: Avoid locating picnic areas directly adjacent to main pathways to prevent obstructing pedestrian flow during gatherings.

•

Buffer from parking and high-intensity recreation: Enhance comfort and safety.

•

Routine maintenance strategy: Cleaning, inspection, and replacement planning.

Optional •

Reservable tables, shelters or pavilions: Support organized gatherings.

•

Grills with fire-safe surfacing: Where permitted and managed.

•

Lighting or limited power access: For programmed events.

Accessibility Standards: Outdoor Developed Areas (Chapter 10); https://www.access-board.gov/aba/guides/chapter-10outdoor/ Accessible Design; https://www.ada.gov/law-and-regs/ design-standards/ National Park Service – Park Facility Planning and Design Guidance; https://www.nps.gov/subjects/facilities/index. htm Urban Land Institute – Public Space and Placemaking Resources; https://uli.org

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Sports Courts Sports courts are hard-surface recreation facilities designed to support both organized and informal sports activities. They may accommodate basketball, tennis, pickleball, or other court-based sports, and can be either fenced to contain play or open, depending on context. Court design and materials should be tailored to the specific sport and intended level of use.

Sports courts are popular park amenities and require periodic resurfacing..

SUSTAINABILITY GUIDELINES & STRATEGIES | 87

CHARACTERISTICS Essential

References:

•

United States Tennis Association – Tennis Facility and

•

Stable subgrade and proper drainage: Prevent cracking and ponding. Appropriate orientation and glare control: Improve play quality and safety.

Court Guidelines; https://www.usta.com/en/home/coachorganize/facility-management.html USA Pickleball – Official Court Specifications and Layout; https://usapickleball.org/what-is-pickleball/court-diagram/

•

Buffering from residential uses: Mitigate noise impacts.

•

Accessible routes and viewing areas: Comply with ADA standards.

fiba.basketball/equipment

Compliance with sports regulatory standards: Ensure regulation play where applicable.

Recreation Construction Guidelines; https://sportsbuilders.

Clear posted hours and rules: Support equitable use.

Illuminating Engineering Society – Sports and Recreational

• • •

Reservation systems in high-demand areas: Manage equitable access.

•

Lifecycle maintenance planning: Include resurfacing and crack repair funding,10-year cycle.

•

Maintain park sightlines: do not obstruct important sightlines due to fence and wind screening

Optional •

Multi-sport striping: Where demand supports shared use.

•

Lighting meeting IES standards: For safe evening play, where appropriate.

•

Integrated seating and shade: Improve spectator comfort.

•

Wind screens and visual buffering: Improve play and compatibility.

FIBA (International Basketball Federation) – Official Basketball Equipment and Court Standards; https://www. American Sports Builders Association – Courts and org Area Lighting Standards; https://www.ies.org/standards/

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

The Rocks Dog Park on Yerba Buena Island provides a beautiful setting for dogs to exercise and socialize.

Fenced Dog Parks Fenced dog parks are fully enclosed areas where dogs are permitted off-leash within a secure perimeter, designed to support safe socialization and exercise while minimizing conflict with other park users. Though the space is created for dogs, their humans also benefit from socialization, exercise, and stimulation. For many seniors, dog walking is a valued daily activity. While enclosed dog parks vary in size, they are typically smaller than off-leash dog areas (page 90). In addition to flat, open space for running, these parks often include , shaded seating for owners, and social gathering areas that encourage interaction among both dogs and their handlers.

Double-gated entry creates a safer environment for dogs.

SUSTAINABILITY GUIDELINES & STRATEGIES | 89

CHARACTERISTICS Essential •

Spacious: Size depends on use, with at least 1,200 square feet per dog recommended; 10,00030,000 square feet recommended for mid-size community dog parks.

•

Continuous secure perimeter fencing: Clearly define boundaries and prevent escape; fencing should be durable, 4-6’ high, and aligned with park aesthetics.

•

Limited slope: To reduce erosion, fenced dog parks should be relatively flat, with a slope of less than 5% preferred. A slope of 6-8% can function with a highly managed surface treatment. In steeper areas, terracing could be considered.

•

Durable surfaces and managed drainage: High concentrations of foot traffic and pet waste require a stable surface, managed drainage, and erosion control.

•

Double-gated entry system (“airlock”): Provide safe transition space for leashing and unleashing while minimizing accidental exits.

•

Separation from incompatible uses: Buffer from playgrounds, picnic areas, and athletic fields, and homes to reduce safety and noise conflicts.

• •

•

Establish methods of enforcement: Budget for personnel to ensure dog park rules are enforced.

•

Ongoing maintenance and stewardship framework: Establish budget, inspection frequency, fencing and surface repair plan, and potential partnership with volunteer groups.

Optional •

Separate small and large dog areas: Reduce safety concerns and improve comfort for shy or elderly dogs.

•

Proximity to parking: Support users traveling from outside the immediate neighborhood.

•

Dog-level water fountains: Provide a water source where feasible and environmentally appropriate.

•

Lighting compatible with neighborhood context: Support extended use while minimizing glare and spillover.

References: Trust for Public Land – Dog Park Resources, https://www.

Shade: Tree canopy preferred; structural shade where needed; ensure appropriate coverage.

tpl.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Dog-Parks-best-

Waste management: Provide dog waste bag dispensers, trash receptacles, and clear signage encouraging cleanup.

American Kennel Club – Dog Park Guidance, https://www.

Clear posted rules and hours: Include vaccination expectations, supervision requirements, and behavior standards.

dc.gov/page/dog-parks

Accessible approach and inclusive seating: Provide ADA-compliant routes and distributed seating areas for users of varying mobility.

practices-2019_R3.pdf akc.org/expert-advice/home-living/dog-park-etiquette/ District of Columbia Dog Park Design Standards, https://dpr. Outdoor Workout Supply – https://outdoorworkoutsupply. com/blogs/ows-blog/dog-park-size-guide-square-footagerequirements-by-facility-type-and-dog-capacity Wagbar – Dog Park Design & Development: Complete Guide to Building Successful Community Dog Parks; https://www. wagbar.com/dog-park-design-development-completeguide-to-building-successful-community-dog-parks

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Off-Leash Dog Areas in Natural Settings Off-leash dog areas are designated natural areas or trail segments where dogs may be off-leash. Natural features such as creeks, topography, or dense vegetation often help define their boundaries without fencing, reinforcing a more informal edge condition. These areas are typically larger than fenced dog parks and are more integrated into the surrounding landscape, offering a mix of open fields, wooded areas, and trail networks that support roaming, exploration, and longer-duration use. Access is often defined by trailheads or signage rather than

controlled entry points, and management relies more on user etiquette, especially voice control rather than leashes. Clear wayfinding and community stewardship to reduce conflicts with other users, wildlife, and sensitive habitats also help keep these areas functioning smoothly. Amenities are generally minimal and dispersed, such as waste stations, seating at key nodes, and occasional water access, with seasonal closures or time-of-day restrictions sometimes used to balance recreation with ecological protection.

Many people enjoy walking their dogs in the off-leash area of Piedmont Park.

SUSTAINABILITY GUIDELINES & STRATEGIES | 91

CHARACTERISTICS Essential •

Adequate size for dispersed use: Prevent concentrated surface wear and reduce behavioral conflict among dogs. Unfenced off-leash dog areas should be large enough for dogs to run freely without overcrowding, but not so large as to monopolize limited park space; ideally one to five acres in a city park setting.

•

Environmentally resilient landscape: Select areas capable of sustaining periodic heavy use without severe habitat degradation. If located in sensitive areas, apply appropriate measures, such as rotating closures, to protect resources.

•

Conflict mitigation with sensitive habitats and other users: Evaluate proximity to wildlife areas, playgrounds, and high-traffic trails, and incorporate appropriate buffers or separation strategies where needed. Clearly defined boundaries: Define clear boundaries through signage, natural barriers, or time-based restrictions to prevent user confusion. Provide physical barriers where separation from potential conflict areas cannot be achieved. Defined and visible entry points with waste stations and posted rules: Clearly define and indicate entrances and dog park rules, including boundaries; install waste stations and signage at these points to encourage clean-up. Budget for personnel to enforce rules.

•

Registration: Require users to register dogs to participate in off-leash dog area use. Ensures dogs are vaccinated.

•

Clear voice-control and cleanup requirements: Establish behavioral standards to maintain safety and ecological protection.

•

Shared-Use Paths: Ensure paved paths are wide enough to avoid user conflict, ideally at least 10’.

•

Stewardship and restoration plan: Monitor vegetation health, erosion, and ecological impacts in sensitive areas; implement temporary closures as needed. Adjust boundaries or hours in response to observed impacts.

Optional •

Looped circulation routes: Encourage movement and reduce congestion.

•

Educational signage on stewardship: Promote responsible behavior and environmental awareness.

•

Volunteer stewardship partnerships: Support cleanup events and habitat monitoring.

•

Periodic environmental assessments: Evaluate long-term ecological effects of use patterns.

References: Trust for Public Land – Dog Park Planning Resources; https://www.tpl.org National Park Service – Visitor Use Management; https:// www.nps.gov/subjects/uspp/visitor-use-management.htm NRPA Dog Park Resources; https://www.nrpa.org/our-work/ education/dog-parks/ AARP Livable Communities; https://www.aarp.org/livablecommunities/livable-in-action/info-2023/designing-andusing-dog-parks.html

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Park-Specific Guidelines The following section identifies key sustainability issues within each of Piedmont’s parks and presents recommended solutions tailored to the unique conditions, uses, and management needs of each site. Recommendations address a range of topics, including water efficiency, landscape resilience, habitat restoration, accessibility, recreation amenities, and long-term maintenance. While some improvements may be implemented through ongoing operations and maintenance, larger capital projects will require further planning, design, technical analysis, and community engagement to ensure that project details appropriately respond to community needs while advancing the City’s broader sustainability goals.

Image: Piedmont Park

PIEDMONT SUSTAINABLE PARKS MANAGEMENT PLAN

Piedmont Park Community Park | 15.3 Acres Piedmont Park is the City’s largest and most iconic public open space, blending historic character with everyday community life. Anchored by Exedra Plaza, the Mediterranean-style Community Hall, and a serene Japanese Tea House, the park unfolds into sweeping lawns that host picnics and civic gatherings. A well-loved playground, tennis courts, and the shaded Bushy Dell Creek corridor lined with towering trees provide a diverse mix of active and passive recreation. As both a historic landscape and a dynamic community hub, the park plays a central role in Piedmont’s identity and shared public life, serving as a primary event space for holiday celebrations, concerts, movies, and food fests. Today, the park faces challenges associated with aging infrastructure, landscape wear from heavy use, water management, and ecological health within the creek corridor. The recommended improvements focus on modernizing irrigation and stormwater systems, enhancing recreational amenities, strengthening environmental stewardship, and guiding landscape resilience to ensure the park continues to serve future generations.

MANAGEMENT ZONES •

High Use, Manicured: Exedra Plaza and play area, Piedmont Community Hall, tennis courts

•

High Use, Natural: Bushy Dell Creek Trail

•

Low Use, Manicured: Japanese Tea House, limited periphery lawn areas

•

Low Use, Natural: Some hillsides in canyon

“Walking the path through towering Redwoods, incredible beauty!”

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Key Issues MANICURED AREAS

NATURAL AREAS

•

Aging irrigation infrastructure reduces water efficiency and system performance.

•

As a stormwater-fed system, Bushy Dell Creek faces ongoing water quality challenges.

•

High water-use ornamental plantings increase irrigation demand and are not well aligned with water conservation goals.

•

High visitor use has led to erosion, vegetation loss, and greater management complexity.

•

Area is heavily impacted by invasive species

•

The play area lacks age-appropriate and inclusive equipment due to space and fall-zone constraints.

•

Ongoing proactive planning is needed to manage wildfire risk

•

Sand surfacing contributes to tree health issues and limits accessibility.

•

Turf areas between the playground and Exedra Plaza are heavily worn from overuse and are not resilient to current activity levels.

Key Recommendations MANICURED AREAS •

Modernize the aging irrigation system to improve efficiency, including installation of sensor-based controllers.

•

Replace high water-use ornamental plantings with drought-tolerant species and hydrozone accordingly.

•

Replace and upgrade play equipment, including swings; incorporate equipment designed for both tots (ages 3–5) and older children (ages 5–12); and transition from sand to a more accessible play surfacing material. In lawn areas worn by overuse (e.g., between the play structure and Exedra Plaza), replace turf with a more durable surface material to better withstand heavy use. Incorporate additional seating and picnic tables to support park comfort and extended use.

NATURAL AREAS •

Improve creek water quality and reduce localized flooding through native riparian planting and upstream installation of bioretention or other stormwater filtration measures.

•

In low use areas of Bush Dell Creek Canyon, strategically remove invasive species and replace them with durable native alternatives; protect replanted areas and install temporary irrigation as needed until plants are fully established.

•

Develop a proactive tree succession plan that incorporates climate-adapted species.

•

Work with the fire department to proactively manage fuel loads within 30 feet of existing structures.

•

Clearly define off-leash dog areas and associated rules and increase enforcement of regulations.

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Dracena Park Community Park | 7.8 Acres Dracena Park, at 7.8 acres, is Piedmont’s second largest park. Originating as a reclaimed rock quarry, the park retains its dramatic bowl-shaped topography, with open lawns and pathways set within a steep-sided ravine. Amenities include a children’s playground with swings, expansive lawn areas, and a densely wooded ravine with trails and designated off-leash dog privileges. The park’s distinctive landform creates memorable spaces for play and informal gathering, but its steep slopes and sensitive ravine environment require ongoing attention to erosion control and landscape management. The recommendations focus on clarifying use patterns, stabilizing and restoring slopes, modernizing irrigation and stormwater systems, supporting longterm tree succession, and better accommodating the park’s popularity as a community gathering space.

MANAGEMENT ZONES •

High Use, Manicured: Lower Dracena lawn and play area

•

High Use, Natural: Ravine trails

•

Low Use, Manicured: Upper lawn and landscape areas along Dracena Avenue

•

Low Use, Natural: Steep quarry hillsides

“Great off-leash dog area where my dog loves to run.”

“Gorgeous and serene, a crown jewel.”

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Key Issues •

•

Steep slopes and ravine topography contribute to ongoing erosion from stormwater, dogs, and foot traffic. Cedars, pines, and firs are experiencing widespread die-off in Dracena Park, while its redwoods remain viable despite drought stress and thinning canopies. This is reflective of a broader shift in the region’s conifer forests. Aging irrigation infrastructure reduces overall system efficiency.

•

Drainage issues in lower turf areas contribute to pooling and wear.

•

Off-leash dog boundaries aren’t clearly defined and rule enforcement is limited, leading to user conflicts, slope degradation, and rule noncompliance.

•

Existing infrastructure and park rules do not adequately support the park’s popularity for informal group gatherings and picnics.

•

Modernize the aging irrigation system to improve efficiency, including installation of sensor-based controllers.

•

Improve drainage in lower quarry turf area through

Key Recommendations •

•

Develop a proactive tree succession approach incorporating climate-adapted species; gradually replace declining species or provide supplemental irrigation where appropriate. Strategically remove invasive species and replace them with durable native alternatives; protect replanted areas until fully established.

•

In high-impact areas, implement durable erosioncontrol measures—such as logs, rocks, low fencing, or dense, durable understory vegetation —to stabilize slopes and protect vegetation from foot traffic and off-leash dogs.

More clearly define off-leash dog areas and associated rules, and increase education and enforcement to reduce conflicts and landscape degradation

•

Provide several picnic tables and additional seating to accommodate community need in balance with goals to limit intensive uses that may conflict with neighbors. Update park rules and enforcement to manage gatherings, possibly including a reservation system. Consider tables in a pilot program.

Improve stormwater infrastructure to better manage runoff during peak storm events.

drainage to bioretention areas.

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Coaches Field / Kennelly Skate Park Community Park | 3.8 Acres Coaches Field and Kennelly Skate Park together provide a concentrated active recreation hub off Moraga Avenue. Coaches Field includes a grassy playfield configured for youth soccer and softball, with a 200-foot outfield, and a 120’ x 180’ soccer field. Behind the field, Kennelly Skate Park features concrete skateboarding ramps and bowls. The adjacent parking lot supports daily park access and is also used for seasonal fundraising events, such as pumpkin and tree sales, which are an important community tradition. Recommendations focus on sustaining field quality under heavy demand, modernizing infrastructure, and improving user comfort and access.

MANAGEMENT ZONES •

High Use, Manicured: sports field, parking lot, skate park.

•

Low Use, Natural: Hillside surrounding the skate park.

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Key Issues •

Field overuse, poor drainage, and aging irrigation infrastructure contribute to turf wear and maintenance challenges.

•

Mature trees are located primarily along shared property lines, complicating maintenance and long-term succession planning.

•

Skate park hours are extremely limited, restricting reasonable public use of the amenity.

•

Limited shade around the skate park reduces user comfort.

•

Parking is limited, particularly when the lot is used for seasonal fundraising events.

Key Recommendations •

Prioritize adequate rest periods for natural turf by enforcing off-season closures and limiting play during heavy rain events to protect field conditions.

•

Consider incorporating additional shade and seating at the skate park to improve user comfort; better integrate the amenity within the surrounding natural landscape.

•

Improve drainage where feasible to reduce wear and extend turf longevity.

•

Consider modification and expansion of the existing parking to better meet park needs.

•

Modernize the irrigation system to improve water efficiency, including installation of sensor-based controllers.

•

Consider upgrading restroom to increase park comfort.

•

Future consideration could be given to synthetic turf to accommodate more intensive all-season use.

As part of a long-term tree succession strategy, plant columnar, climate-adapted species along property boundaries to minimize encroachment on adjacent properties.

•

Significantly extend skate park hours to better align with community demand and reasonable public access expectations.

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Hampton Park Community Park & Athletic Facilities | 2.4 Acres Hampton Park, at 2.4 acres, is the only park serving eastern Piedmont and functions as a vital athletic and recreation hub for the entire city. The park was renovated in 2016 and has updated drainage, irrigation and fertigation systems, which provide organic amendments to enhance turf quality and soil health. The site includes a high-quality, though compact, baseball field with artificial turf infield, whose outfield also accommodates youth soccer and football, along with tennis and pickleball courts, back board, a basketball court, playground, and a small community building that supports City programs and the Piedmont Cooperative Playschool. Its heavy year-round programming places significant demands on turf, drainage, and maintenance systems, while hillside edges and shared property boundaries add complexity to tree care and longterm landscape management. Erosion also occurs on the hillside edges. Proposed recommendations focus on sustaining field quality through proactive maintenance, managing turf rest and drainage, and guiding thoughtful tree succession.

MANAGEMENT ZONES •

High Use, Manicured: Most of the park (sports field, play area, courts, community center, etc.)

•

Low Use, Natural: Periphery hillsides

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Key Issues •

Natural and artificial turf fields experience significant wear due to intensive, year-round use. Program scheduling limits opportunities for turf recovery.

•

Tree care is complicated by unclear ownership along neighboring property lines.

•

Basketball posts and backboards will need replacement.

Key Recommendations •

Maintain a high level of care for both natural and artificial turf fields, including regular maintenance and timely lifecycle replacement of synthetic surfaces.

•

Prioritize adequate rest periods for natural turf, including enforcing off-season closures and limiting use during heavy rain events to protect field conditions.

•

Continue planting native and climate-adapted species in peripheral areas.

•

As part of a long-term tree succession strategy, plant columnar, climate-adapted species along the northwest boundary to minimize encroachment on adjacent properties and reduce future conflicts.

•

Optimize and improve amenity and recreation uses in the back of the park (basketball courts, play area, etc.).

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Linda Beach Park Community Park & Athletic Facilities | 2.2 Acres Linda Beach Park and Linda Park together form an important high-use recreational area serving Beach School and the broader community. The park includes tennis and pickleball courts, a soccer/ baseball field, an updated tot lot, picnic tables, and a public restroom, supporting strong demand for youth sports and informal play. Proposed recommendations focus on maintaining the highuse athletic facilities, improving underutilized areas, supporting equitable access, and improving user comfort.

MANAGEMENT ZONES •

High Use, Manicured: Sports field/courts, tot lot, restroom

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Key Issues •

Athletic fields experience high demand, with need for turf replacement on a regular schedule.

•

Underutilized areas under the bridge; existing utilities limit potential development.

•

Some mature trees are declining and require additional care and succession planning.

•

Deferred maintenance in picnic/restroom area.

•

Accessibility challenges at restroom and picnic area and access from Howard Ave.

•

Underinvested area along Howard Ave.

•

Stabilize park slopes through continued planting of hardy native and climate-adapted species and regular mulching; protect new plantings until well established.

•

Make strategic investments in the restroom, picnic area, and under-bridge spaces to maximize site potential, address deferred maintenance, and improve accessibility.

Key Recommendations •

Maintain a high level of care for artificial turf fields, including regular maintenance and timely lifecycle replacement of synthetic surfaces.

•

Ensure a fair and transparent system for reserving the athletic field.

•

Continue tree care and replacement planting with climate-ready species.

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Linda Park Community Park | 2.4 Acres Across the street from Linda Beach Park, Linda Park provides a more linear, natural setting, with a walking and jogging pathway along a restored hillside landscape. A portion of the park previously included an off-leash dog area; however, the combination of heavy use and steep topography led to significant erosion and its eventual closure following a citation from the regional Water Board. The hillside has since been restored with native vegetation, and leashed dogs are now permitted along the pathways. Proposed recommendations focus on continued hillside stabilization and restoration, along with improved amenities to enhance overall site comfort.

MANAGEMENT ZONES •

Low Use, Manicured: Picnic area

•

High Use, Natural: Hillside and pathway

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Key Issues •

The hillside previously experienced significant erosion due to heavy off-leash dog use and was closed following Water Board citation for dog waste runoff entering storm drains. The area has since been reseeded with native vegetation and is not planned to reopen for off-leash use.

•

New vegetation struggles to establish due to continued foot traffic and overall site use.

•

Invasive ivy persists in some areas.

Key Recommendations •

Stabilize park slopes through continued planting of hardy native and climate-adapted species and regular mulching; protect new plantings until well established.

•

Consider integrating additional passive amenities—such as picnic tables, seating, and interpretive signage—to support a more peaceful, passive-use environment.

•

Incorporate interpretive signage to educated park users on native plants, restoration, and erosion.

•

Remove invasive ivy and replace with native or non-invasive alternatives.

Modernize the aging irrigation system to improve efficiency, including installation of sensor-based controllers.

•

Considering upgrading park lighting for improved visibility and efficiency.

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Crocker Park Community Park | 1 Acre Crocker Park is a one-acre neighborhood park located in Piedmont’s estate area. Originally the site of Wallace Alexander’s home, the park features a shaded central lawn, mature trees, ornamental plantings of rhododendrons, camellias, azaleas, and ferns, and a granite bear sculpture by Benny Bufano. A looping pathway frames the lawn and connects to surrounding planting beds. Proposed improvements focus on addressing aging infrastructure and plantings, strengthening long-term tree succession and water efficiency, and introducing amenities that better support everyday use and small gatherings.

MANAGEMENT ZONES •

High Use, Manicured: Central lawn, sculpture, and loop pathway

•

Low Use, Manicured: Periphery lawn and ornamental planting areas

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Key Issues •

•

Turf areas experience drainage challenges. Peripheral lawn areas that are not active use turf areas need to be evaluated and replaced with new plantings and irrigation. The park lacks basic amenities such as a play area (tot lot, nature play, etc.), picnic tables, and flexible seating (beyond memorial benches).

•

Existing park building is underutilized

•

Canary Island Pines are reaching the end of their life spans, highlighting the need for succession.

•

The landscape includes water-intensive ornamental plantings and aging irrigation infrastructure

Key Recommendations •

Replace aging trees with native and climateadapted species as part of a long-term tree succession plan.

•

Expand park amenities, including picnic tables, seating, and a play area. Consider adding a restroom to compliment any additional amenities.

•

Improve turf drainage to support lawn health.

•

Transition water-intensive ornamentals to native and climate-adapted plantings; reduce select periphery turf areas that are not used for recreation.

•

Modernize the irrigation system to improve water efficiency, including installation of sensor-based controllers.

Explore adaptive reuse or replacement of the donated garage as a small program space (potentially rentable), including a sink, table seating, and restroom. Alternatively, consider replacing it with an open-air park pavilion that includes a picnic area and restroom.

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CHAPTER 05

Implementing the Plan

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Implementation The Sustainable Parks Management Plan establishes a framework for improving the longterm sustainability, resilience, and functionality of Piedmont’s park system. The recommendations presented throughout this plan address a wide range of challenges, including aging infrastructure, erosion, water management, landscape resilience, ecological health, and more. Implementing these recommendations will require sustained commitment over time. This chapter outlines funding considerations and establishes a framework for prioritizing implementation, helping the City focus resources on the actions that will deliver the greatest benefit to the park system.

Funding Sustainable Park Management Implementing the Sustainable Parks Management Plan will require a combination of capital funding, operations and maintenance resources, staff capacity, and outside partnerships. Some recommendations can be delivered through discrete projects, while others will require ongoing investment in day-to-day management practices.

CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS Some recommendations will require capital investment, such as irrigation modernization, stormwater improvements, landscape renovations, accessibility and amenity upgrades, and other infrastructure projects. The City should continue to pursue a combination of local funding sources, grants, partnerships, and other opportunities to advance these projects over time. While capital improvements are often the most visible form of investment, each project should be evaluated for its long-term maintenance implications. Improvements that are not paired with adequate maintenance resources can decline over time, reducing their effectiveness and shortening their useful life.

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OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE FUNDING Maintaining a sustainable park system requires more than periodic capital improvements. Longterm success depends on consistent investment in operations and maintenance to protect the City’s assets and achieve the sustainability goals outlined in this plan. Because ongoing maintenance is often less visible than capital projects—and because grants and external funding sources are typically limited for maintenance activities—the City will need to consider how these needs are supported through annual budgeting, staffing, equipment, and service contracts. As implementation progresses, the City may also need to reevaluate how maintenance resources are allocated. In some cases, labor-intensive practices that provide limited sustainability benefits may be reduced or modified to support activities that more directly advance the goals of this plan.

Staffing and Organizational Capacity Many recommendations in this plan are operational in nature and will require staff time to implement and sustain. As implementation progresses, the City should periodically evaluate staffing levels, maintenance workloads, and organizational capacity to determine whether additional resources are needed. Particular attention should be given to labor-intensive activities such as invasive species management, irrigation monitoring, stewardship coordination, tree care, and preventative maintenance. These activities may not always require large capital expenditures, but they do require consistent staff capacity to deliver long-term benefits.

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Protect Hillsides, Ravines, and Creeks

Modernize Infrastructure & Plan for Lifecycle Replacement

Balance Recreation and Environmental Stewardship

Ensure Parks are Inclusive

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Cherry blossoms in Piedmont Park.

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Many factors contribute to prioritization of projects and amenities.

Prioritization Framework The recommendations contained in this plan represent a long-term vision for improving the sustainability and resilience of Piedmont’s park system. Given limited resources and competing priorities, not all recommendations can be implemented simultaneously. The following prioritization framework is intended to guide future budgeting, work planning, and capital improvement decisions while remaining flexible enough to respond to changing conditions, funding opportunities, and community needs. To help guide decision-making, the framework evaluates recommendations based on three primary considerations:

SUSTAINABILITY IMPACT How much does this action improve long-term environmental and fiscal sustainability or reduce ongoing impacts? Considers the extent to which a recommendation advances the core goals of the Sustainable Parks Management Plan. Actions that significantly reduce water use, improve ecological health, prevent erosion, enhance climate resilience, improve resource efficiency, extend the useful life of park assets, or reduce recurring maintenance burdens should receive higher consideration.

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EASE OF IMPLEMENTATION

HORIZONS

How difficult is the action to implement given available funding, staff capacity, technical complexity, and coordination requirements?

Ongoing: Actions that should be integrated into routine operations, annual work planning, or longterm capital planning. This category may include recurring maintenance practices as well as major systemwide investments, such as irrigation upgrades, that are implemented incrementally as funding, staffing, and project opportunities become available.

Some recommendations can be incorporated into existing operations with relatively limited resources, while others require significant capital investment, specialized expertise, regulatory coordination, or long-term planning. Understanding implementation complexity helps identify near-term opportunities as well as actions that may require additional preparation before implementation.

Phasing Implementation Table 5.1 translates the systemwide recommendations of this plan into a prioritized implementation framework based on the criteria outlined above. The proposed implementation horizons are intended to provide flexible guidance for future budgeting, work planning, and capital improvement programming, rather than establish fixed deadlines. Actual implementation should respond to available funding, staffing capacity, emerging needs, partnership opportunities, grant funding, and evolving community priorities. Some actions may advance sooner if funding becomes available, while others may take longer due to design, permitting, coordination, or operational constraints.

Near-Term: Actions that should generally be targeted for completion within the first three years, including operational improvements, policy updates, and highimpact actions that require relatively limited new resources. Short-Term: Actions that should generally be targeted for completion within approximately five years, including priority projects and programs requiring additional coordination, planning, or moderate investment. Mid-Term: Actions that should generally be targeted for completion within approximately ten years, including larger capital improvements and systemlevel initiatives that require substantial funding, design, or partnership development. Long-Term: Actions that will likely extend beyond ten years or be implemented as opportunities arise, including major improvements or actions dependent on future funding, or partnerships.

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TABLE 5.1 | Action Plan

Ref #

Implementation Action*

1. Natural Features 1.1 Expand Slope Stabilization Efforts

Sustainability Impact

Ease of Implementation

Recommended Implementation Horizon

1.1.1

Define management zones & update maintenance standards

High

Easy

Near-Term

1.1.2

Implement solutions to prevent erosion

High

Moderate

Short-Term

1.1.3

Repair erosion damage

Medium

Moderate

Ongoing

Medium

Hard

Mid-Term

1.2 Restore Riparian Corridors 1.2.1

Stabilize streambanks

1.2.2

Remove invasives in key areas & replant

High

Moderate

Short-Term

1.2.3

Support wildlife habitat

High

Easy

Ongoing

1.3 Defensible Space 1.3.1

Remove fuel loads

High

Easy

Ongoing

1.3.2

Map defensible zones & establish planting guidelines

High

Easy

Mid-Term

2. Tree Canopy 2.1 Strengthen long-term canopy health through proactive replacement planning 2.1.1

Plan for tree succession & diversity

High

Easy

Short-Term

2.1.2

Restore tree canopy in exposed areas

Medium

Easy

Near-Term

Medium

Easy

Ongoing

High

Moderate

Ongoing

High

Easy

Near-Term

2.2 Reduce stressors that limit tree performance 2.2.1

Limit turf, invasive groundcover, and sand at tree base

2.2.2

Provide appropriate irrigation to trees

2.3 Standardize inspection documentation and tree management records 2.3.1

Consistent record keeping & inspection

3. Landscape & Planting 3.1 Transition Toward More Resilient Plantings 3.1.1

Transition to climate-ready plants

High

Moderate

Ongoing

3.1.2

Train staff on landscape care for natives

High

Easy

Near-Term

High

Easy

Ongoing

3.2 Expand Protection Strategies for Planting Areas 3.2.1

Protect sensitive landscape areas

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TABLE 5.1 | Action Plan

Ref #

Implementation Action*

4. Lawn & Turf 4.1 Lawn Reduction in Underutilized Areas 4.1.1

Sustainability Impact

Ease of Implementation

Recommended Implementation Horizon

High

Easy-Moderate

Near-Term

Reevaluate underutilized lawn areas

4.2 Strengthen Natural Turf Management Through Rest, Rotation, and Improved Establishment 4.2.1

Reduce field overuse

High

Easy

Ongoing

4.2.2

Seasonal field rotation/closures

High

Easy

Ongoing

High

Easy

Ongoing

Medium

Hard

Ongoing

4.3 Adequately Maintain and Replace Artificial Turf Fields 4.3.1

Consistent maintenance of artificial fields

4.3.1

Replacement of turf at end of lifecycle

5. Irrigation 5.1 Modernize Irrigation Infrastructure for Efficiency & Reliability 5.1.1

Phased replacement of aged systems

High

Hard

Short-Term

5.1.2

Update to smart controllers

High

Moderate

Near-Term

5.1.3

Install flow sensors

High

Easy

Short-Term

5.1.4

Track water expenditures

Medium

Easy

Near-Term

Medium

Easy

Ongoing

High

Moderate

Ongoing

Medium

Easy

Mid-Term

High

East

Ongoing

Medium

Hard

Ongoing

5.2 Improve Alignment with Plant Needs & Site Conditions 5.2.1

Hydrozone planting areas

5.2.2

Install temporary irrigation to support plant establishment

5.3 Protect Irrigation System in High-Use Areas 5.3.1

Avoid drip irrigation where it can be damaged

5.4 Explore Opportunities for On-Site Recycling and Reclaimed Water 5.4.1

Track opportunities for recycled water

5.4.2

Explore on-site gray/stormwater recycling

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TABLE 5.1 | Action Plan

Ref #

Implementation Action*

6. Soil Health 6.1 Build & Maintain Living Soils

Sustainability Impact

Ease of Implementation

Recommended Implementation Horizon

6.1.1

Leave plant clippings on-site

High

Easy

Ongoing

6.1.2

Inoculate soils with mycorrhizal fungi

High

Easy

Ongoing

6.1.2

Aerate compacted soils

High

Easy

Ongoing

High

Easy

Ongoing

High

Easy

Ongoing

Medium

Moderate

Mid/Long-term

6.2 Maintain Adequate Mulch Cover 6.2.1

Maintain 2-4” mulch cover

6.3 Apply Compost to Improve Soil Health 6.3.1

Adequately apply compost to soil

6.3.2

Explore opportunities for on-site composting

7. Pest Management 7.1 Maintain and Support Non-Chemical Pest Management Practices 7.1.1

Focus on prevention

High

Easy

Ongoing

7.1.2

Continue non-chemical IPM practices

High

Easy

Ongoing

7.1.3

Ensure adequate staffing to support IPM

High

Easy

Near-Term

7.2 Expand Physical Protection to Reduce Recurring Damage from Deer and Other Animals 7.2.1

Increase barriers around vulnerable plants

High

Easy

Ongoing

Moderate

Mid-Term

High

Moderate

Ongoing

Medium

Easy

Ongoing

High

Moderate

Near/Mid-Term

8. Climate Change Mitigation & Resource Conservation 8.1 Modernize Infrastructure to Reduce Emissions and Conserve Energy 8.1.1

Install efficient / dark sky compliant lighting

High

7.1 Maintain and Support Non-Chemical Pest Management Practices 8.2.1

Reduce waste exports

8.2.2

Incorporate low carbon materials

8.2.3

Transition to zero-emission equipment

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TABLE 5.1 | Action Plan

Ref #

Implementation Action*

Sustainability Impact

Ease of Implementation

Recommended Implementation Horizon

High

Easy

Short-Term

Low

Easy-Moderate

Short-Term

High

Hard

Short-Term

9. Park Operations & Use 9.1 Strengthen Interdepartmental Coordination and Strategic Partnerships 9.1.1

Promote coordination among departments, community organizations, and external agencies

9.2 Standardize Regulations and Enforcement Across the Park System 9.2.1

Standardize park rules

9.3 Strengthen On-Site Stewardship and User Education 9.3.1

Consider a park ranger/ambassador

9.3.2

Clear regulatory signage

Medium

Easy

Short-Term

9.3.3

Interpretive signage / outreach

Medium

Easy

Mid-Term

9.3.4

Identify project appropriate for community stewardship

Medium

Easy

Ongoing

9.4 Evaluate User Needs and Provide New Amenities to Support Them 9.4.1

Engage community; adapt amenities accordingly

High

Moderate-Hard

Ongoing

9.4.2

Implement an asset management platform

High

Moderate

Short-Term

9.4.3

Add seating/picnic tables

Low

Moderate

Near/Short-Term

Medium

Easy

Short/Mid-Term

9.5 Activate Underutilized Spaces Thoughtfully 9.5.1

Evaluate underused park spaces

9.6 Improve Park Access and Circulation 9.6.1

Align park improvement with ADA Transition Plan

High

Moderate-Hard

Ongoing

9.6.2

Create alternative accessible experiences

Medium

Hard

Ongoing

9.6.3

Expand amenities along key paths

Medium

Easy

Short/Mid-Term

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Call to Action The Sustainable Parks Management Plan provides a roadmap for caring for Piedmont’s parks in a more resilient, efficient, and sustainable way. Implementation will require continued coordination, sustained investment, and thoughtful tradeoffs over time, but the direction is clear: preserve the landscapes that make Piedmont’s parks special, improve the systems and practices needed to care for them, and ensure these spaces remain vibrant for generations to come.