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Peru A Cultural Cookbook Sample

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RecipesinTheGlobalKitchenseriesareprovidedforinformationalandculturalpurposesonly. Resultsmayvaryduetodifferencesiningredients,equipment,andindividualcookingexperience. Alwaysfollowsafefood-handlingpracticesandexercisecautionwithsharputensilsandhot surfaces.Checkallingredientsforpotentialallergensbeforeuse. WorldTradePresshasnotindependentlytestedeveryrecipeandassumesnoresponsibilityforthe outcome,safety,oraccuracyofanyrecipeorinformationpresented.

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ACulturalCookbook

LISTOFRECIPES

AdoboArequipeño(PorkStew).........................134

AguaditodePollo(CilantroChickenSoup).............64

Ajiaco(BeefandPotatoSoup)...........................66

Alfajor(CaramelSandwichCookies)..................222

AlpacaSteakwithGravy................................138

Anticuchos(SkeweredMeat).............................44

ArrozChaufa(FriedRicewithChicken)..............142

ArrozconLeche(CreamyRicePudding).............224

ArrozconPato(DuckwithRice).......................144

ArrozconPollo(ChickenandRice)....................146

ArrozZambito(AndeanRicePudding)................226

CaldodeGallina(HenSoup).............................68

Carapulcra(PeruvianPorkStew).....................148

CauCau(TripeStew)....................................150

CausaLimeña...............................................46

Ceviche......................................................48

Chairo(Freeze-DriedPotatoSoup)......................70

ChanchoalPalo(Wood-RoastedPork)................154

Chanfainita(BeefLungStew)..........................156

ChocloconQueso(AndeanCornwithCheese)........49

ChupedeCamarones(ShrimpChowder)...............72

CremaVolteada(Flan)..................................228

CuyChactado(FriedGuineaPig)......................158

EmpanadasdePollo(ChickenEmpanadas)............50

EnsaladadeFrijoles(BeanSalad).......................88

EnsaladadePallares(LimaBeanSalad)................90

EnsaladadePalmitos(HeartsofPalmSalad)..........92

EnsaladadeQuinua(QuinoaSalad).....................94

EnsaladaRusa(RussianSalad............................96

Juanes(RiceWrappedinLeaves)......................162

LomoSaltado(BeefStirFry)...........................164

Marraqueta(CrustyBreadRoll)........................106

MazamorraMorada(PurplePudding).................230

PanChapla(AndeanGriddleBread)...................108

PanChuta(Flatbread)...................................110

PanconChicharrón(FriedPorkSandwich)...........166

PandeAnís(AniseBread)...............................112

PandeMaíz(CornBread)...............................114

PandePapa(PotatoBreadRolls)......................116

PandeYuca(CassavaBread).............................52

PanFrancés(FrenchBreadRolls)......................120

PanTresPuntas(Three-PointedBread)...............122

PapasalaHuancaína(Huancayo-StylePotatoes).....98

Parihuela(SeafoodSoup).................................74

PatitasconManí(Pig’sTrotterswithPeanuts).........76

Picarones(PeruvianDoughnuts).......................124

PlátanosFritos(FriedPlantains)......................210

PolloalaBrasa(RotisserieChicken)..................170

Ranfañote(PeruvianBreadPudding).................234

RocotosRellenos(StuffedPeppers)...................172

RoscadePascua(SweetBreadRing)..................126

SachaInchiSalad(FriedPotatoesandSausages)...100

Salchipapa(FriedPotatoesandSausages)...........174

SalsaCriolla(OnionandChileRelish).................101

Sancochado(BeefandVegetableSoup)................78

SangrecitaenRocotos(BloodinPeppers)..............54

SecodeCordero(PeruvianLambStew)..............180

Solterito(CornandBeanSalad).......................102

SopaalaCriolla(BeefandAngelHairSoup)..........80

SopadeQuinua(QuinoaSoup)...........................82

SudadodePescado(PeruvianSteamedFish)........182

SuspirodeLimeña.......................................238

TacachoconCecina(PlantainwithPork).............184

TacuTacu(BeanandRicePatty).......................186 Tamales....................................................188

TamalitosVerdes(MiniGreenTamales)...............216

T’antaWawa(BreadBaby).............................128

Tequeños(FriedCheeseSticks)..........................56

Tiradito(RawFish)........................................58

TortaHelada(ChilledCake)............................240

TrunchaFrita(FriedTrout).............................192

TurróndeDoñaPepa(LayeredCookies)..............242

YuquitasFritas(CassavaFries).........................218

YuquitasRellenas(FriedCassavaBalls).................60

FOREWORD

Welcome!Thiscookbookoffersastructuredandresearch-informedexplorationofPeruviancuisine,drawing onmorethan30yearsofculinarydocumentationandculturalstudy.Developedfromourreferencedatabase, homecooks,chefs,andfoodhistorians.Itisnotanarrativeofpersonalexperiencebutratheracontextualized accountofhowPeruvianfoodhasevolvedandwhatitrevealsaboutthecountry’sdiverseculturalfoundations.

agriculturalinnovationandcenturiesofculturalexchange.AncientcivilizationssuchastheIncacultivated potatoes,quinoa,maize,andchilepeppers,developingtechniquesofpreservationandterracedfarmingthat stillsustainthenationaldiet.WithSpanishcolonizationcamewheat,livestock,andcitrus,whileenslaved Africansintroducednewpreparationsofstewsandfritters.LaterwavesofimmigrationfromChina,Japan, andItalyprofoundlyreshapedPeruviancooking,producinghybridtraditionssuchaschifa(Chinese-Peruvian) andnikkei(Japanese-Peruvian)thathavebecomegloballyrenowned.TheresultisacuisinewhereIndigenous ingredients,coloniallegacies,andimmigrantcreativityconverge.

tizesculturalandhistoricalcontextalongsidemethod.Fromcevicheandlomosaltadotoajídegallina,anticuchos,andpicarones,eachentryispositionedwithinitsbroadernarrative—whetherrootedinpre-Columbian agriculture,colonialadaptation,Afro-Peruvianheritage,orAsianfusion.Regionaldistinctions,fromcoastal seafoodtoAndeanhighlandstaplesandAmazonianfruitsandstews,underscoretheextraordinarybreadthof Peru’sculinarytraditions.

Aswithallbooksinthisseries,thetoneisinformationalratherthananecdotal.Thegoalistoofferreadersa practicalyetculturallygroundedunderstandingofPeruviancuisine—notonlywhatiseaten,buthowandwhy. Indoingso,thecollectionilluminatesanationalfoodidentitythatisIndigenousatitscoreyetenrichedby centuriesofmigrationandexchange.Itservesasbotharecordofheritageandareferenceforongoingculinarydialogueinacountrywherefoodisinseparablefromhistory,geography,andculturalpride.

REGIONALCUISINE

African,Asian,andItalian—allofwhichhaveleftenduringmarksonitsfoodways.Theabundanceofnatural resourcesfromthesea,highlands,andrainforestprovidesanexceptionalrangeofingredientscentraltothe nationaldiet.Keyelementsincludepotatoes(withmorethan4,000nativevarieties),corn,quinoa,andawide arrayofajípeppers,whichlenddepthandcomplexitytomanydishes.ContemporaryPeruviangastronomy isalsoknownforreinterpretingtraditionalingredientswithcreativityandinnovation,seeninitsceviches, stews,andstreetfoods. coastalregion,thehighlands,andtheAmazonbasin.

CoastalRegion

Thecoastalregion,includingLima—recognizedas aleadinggastronomiccenterinSouthAmerica—isfoodastapleincoastalcooking.Theiconicdish squeezedPeruvianlime(limónsutil)withonions, ajípeppers,andsalt,originatedhereinitsmodernform.Anotherpopularpreparationiscausa limeña,alayereddishofmashedyellowpotato (papaamarilla),avocado,andseafoodorchicken salad.Thecoastisalsohometorichsoupsand stewssuchaschupedecamarones,ashrimpsoup ajípanca,milk,andeggs.

Highlands

ThePeruvianhighlands,dominatedbytheAndes, drawheavilyonIncanfoodtraditionsandlocal agriculture.Potatoes,corn,andancientgrains suchasquinoaarestaples.Oneoftheregion’s mosttraditionalpreparationsispachamanca,a communalmethodofcookingmeat,potatoes, andvegetablesinanearthenovenusingheated stones.Cuy(guineapig)isanotherlongstandingAndeandish,roastedorfrieddependingon localcustom.Soupsandstewsarecommon,with examplessuchaschupedequinua,madewith quinoa,vegetables,andcheese.

PeruvianCausa
Locrodezapallocanbemadewithanymemberofthesquashfamily.

DAILYMEALS

Amid-afternoonorearlyeveningsnackknown asloncheisanestablishedmealtimetraditionin manypartsofPeru.Typicallyeatenbetween4:00 and6:00p.m.,loncheissomewhatcomparableto Britishteaoranearlysupper.Itusuallyincludes coffee,tédeanís(anisetea),orhotchocolate incoolermonths,accompaniedbybread,butter, jam,cheese,andoccasionallypanetónduring theholidayseason.Savoryfoodssuchastamales,humitas(steamedcorncakes),orempanadas arealsocommon,andsweetpastries,cakes,or arrozconleche(sweetenedricepudding)maybe served.Insomehouseholds,loncheeffectively replacesdinner,particularlyonweekdays.

Dessert

Dessertsandsweetsareanimportantpartof Peruvianfoodcultureandappearbothafter mealsandasstand-alonetreatsthroughoutthe day.Picarones,ring-shapeddoughnutsmade fromsquashandsweetpotatoandservedwith chancacasyrup,areapopularstreetfoodsold inplazasandmarkets.TurróndeDoñaPepa,a

sprinkles,istraditionallypreparedinOctoberto honorElSeñordelosMilagros(LordofMiracles) butisnowenjoyedyear-round.Othercommon sweetsincludemazamorramorada(apurplecorn andfruitpudding),arrozconleche,suspirode limeña(acustardwithmeringuetopping),and

ManyPeruviansenjoythemidafternoonsnacklonchebetweenlunchanddinner.
Streetvendorfryingpicarones,atraditionalPeruviandessert.

SPECIALOCCASIONFOODS

FIESTADESANJUAN

TheFiestadeSanJuaniscelebratedannuallyonJune 24intheAmazonregionofPeru,honoringSaintJohn theBaptist.Thecelebrationincludesmusic,dancing,andtraditionalfoodssuchasjuane(seasoned rice,chicken,olives,andhardboiledeggwrappedin bananaleavesandsteamed),tacacho(mashedboiled orgrilledplantainsmixedwithmincedporkrind,lard, andsalt),inchicapi thickenedwithgroundpeanuts,cilantro,andcornmeal),andpatarashca

Localbeveragessuchasmasato,afermenteddrink madefromcassava,andchapo,asweetdrinkmade fromripeplantains,areintegraltothefestival’sculinaryexperience.ThefoodduringtheFiestadeSan

cuisine,withmealsthatcelebratetherichbiodiversityoftheregion.

VIRGENDELCARMENFESTIVAL

TheVirgendelCarmenFestival,celebratedinthe Paucartamboregion,isalivelyreligiousandcultural event.Thefestivalincludestraditionaldancesanda communalfeastfeaturingfoodssuchaschanchoal palo(porkroastedonwoodenstakesormetalpoles lechónalhorno(roastsuckling pig),pachamanca(meatandvegetablescookedinan

meats,cheeses,fruits,orvegetablesandsteamedin cornhusksorbananaleaves).Chichadejora(atraditionalcornbeer)alsoisconsumedduringthefestivities.ThefoodduringtheVirgendelCarmenFestival withmealsthatemphasizecommunityandcultural heritage.

STREETFOOD

CHOCLOCONQUESO

Chocloconquesoisasimpleyetpopularstreetfood consistingoflargekernelsofPeruvianchoclo(corn) servedwithasliceoffreshcheese,typicallyasoft, saltyAndeancheese.ThePeruviancornhaslarge texturethatdiffersfromothercorn.Awholecorncob orchunksmaybeservedwithcheeseaschoclocon queso.

CornhasbeenastapleintheAndeandietforthousandsofyears,andchocloconquesoisamodern expressionofthisancienttradition.Thisdishisespeciallypopularinthehighlandsandisoftenenjoyed duringfairsandisalsosoldatmarketsandbystreet vendors.

BUTIFARRA

ButifarraisatraditionalPeruviansandwichthatfeaturesseasoned,slow-cookedporkknownasjamón delpaís,layeredinaPeruvianbreadrolltogether withlettuceandsalsacriolla—redonionsthatare marinatedinlimejuice,vinegar,andoliveoil,with

ajipepperscommonlyadded.Jamondelpaístranslatesto“countryham”andismadebymarinatinga bonedporkleginamixtureofspicesandthenboilingit.Spicesusuallyincludegarlic,oregano,paprika, achiote,cumin,andajipancachilepeppers.

ButifarraoriginatesfromLimaandisapopularofferingfromfoodcartsandduringfairs.

SweetTreats PICARONES

Picaronesaresimilartodoughnutsandaremadefrom amixtureofsweetpotatoandsquashthat’sshaped intoringsanddeep-frieduntilgoldenbrown.They areseasonedwithaniseandcinnamonandtypically drenchedinchancacasyrup,amolasses-likesyrup

Picaronesaremostcommonlyenjoyedintheevenings atstreetstalls,particularlyinLima.Theyareoften associatedwithtraditionalfairsandfestivalsandare aPeruvianfavorite.

PicaronesarebelievedtohaveoriginatedinthecolonialperiodasalocaladaptationofSpanishbuñuelos (fritters).Theybecameapopularstreetfoodbecause

DIDYOUKNOW?

Peruhasanimpressivearrayofcornvarieties,numberingabout55.Theseincludethegiantkernelsof chocloandthepurplecornusedtomakethedrink, chichamorada.

FusionofFlavors

IncaKolaisasourceofnationalprideandpatriotisminPeru.ItwascreatedinPeruin1935byBritish immigrant,JosephRobinsonLindley.Thesodahasaent,lemonverbena.

incorporatingelementsfromIndigenous,Spanish, African,Chinese,andJapaneseculinarytraditions.

PANDEYUCA (CASSAVABREAD)

PrepTime:30minutesRestTime:15minutesCookTime:20minutesTotalTime:1hour5minutes RecipeServings:12rollsDietaryConsiderations:Vegetarian,GlutenFree,Kosher,Halal

OriginatinginPeru’sAmazonregion,pandeyucaisanaturallygluten-freebreadmadewithgratedyucafastorasamidmorningsnackwithcoffee.Thecombinationofyucaandcheesecreatesamoistinteriorand lightlycrispexterior.ItsenduringpopularityacrossPeru’seasternlowlandsspeakstobothitssimplicityand itsculturaldepth.

PATITASCONMANÍ (PIG’STROTTERSWITHPEANUTS)

PrepTime:20minutesCookTime:2hours30minutesTotalTime:2hours50minutes RecipeServings:4DietaryConsiderations:GlutenFree,DairyFree

OriginatingintheAndeanregionsofPeru,patitasconmaní

aningredientdomesticatedinSouthAmerica,combinedwithporkintroducedbytheSpanish.Overtime, itbecameapopularhome-stylepreparation,oftenservedatfamilygatheringsandlocaleateries.Itsslowthroughpatientsimmering.Today,patitasconmaníremainsamarkerofregionalidentity,especiallyincentral andsouthernPeru,whereitcontinuestobeservedwithriceorboiledpotatoes.

MARRAQUETA (CRUSTYBREADROLL)

PrepTime:25minutesRestTime:2hours20minutesCookTime:25minutesTotalTime:3hours10minutes RecipeServings:8rollsDietaryConsiderations:Vegetarian,Vegan,DairyFree,Kosher,Halal

Marraquetaisawhite-wheatbreadrollnotableforitsextra-crunchycrustandsoftinterior,anditholdsa recognizedplaceinthecoastalregionofPeru—especiallyinthecityofTacna.Thebreadsharesstructural similaritieswiththeversionfoundinneighboringChileandBolivia,butlocalbakersinTacnadevelopedadis-

AlthoughthenamepanfrancésiswidelyusedinLimaandotherPeruvianregionstorefertoasimilarroll,pan francésandmarraquetaarenotfullyinterchangeableinPeruvianusage—eachhasitsowntexturalandshaping differences.Thepreparationofmarraquetaemphasizesahigh-hydrationdough,minimalenrichment,anda rollsandmadeuniquelylocal.Therollistraditionallyenjoyedatbreakfastwithbutteroravocado,orserved alongsidesoupsandstews,markingitseverydayroleinPeruvianbreadculture.

CAUSALIMEÑA

PrepTime:30minutesRestTime:50minutesCookTime:25minutesTotalTime:1hour45minutes RecipeServings:8DietaryConsiderations:GlutenFree,DairyFree,Kosher,Halal

LayeredcolddisheshavelongbeenahallmarkofLima’scoastalcuisine,andcausalimeñastandsamongthe mostrecognizable.ThenametracestotheQuechuawordkausay,meaning“life”or“sustenance,”underscoringthecentralroleofthepotatoinAndeanfoodways.Combiningmashedpotatoesseasonedwithajíamarilloences.Thedishgainedpopularityinlate19th-centuryLima,whencooksbeganservingitchilledasapractical, portablemeal.ItremainsacenterpieceatfamilygatheringsandcelebrationsacrossPeru.

TRUNCHAFRITA (FRIEDTROUT)

PrepTime:15minutesCookTime:25minutesTotalTime:40minutes RecipeServings:4DietaryConsiderations:GlutenFree,DairyFree,Kosher,Halal

AlongtheshoresofLakeTiticacaandthroughoutthesouthernAndes,truchafritahasbecomeoneofPeru’s mostemblematichighlanddishes.Troutwasintroducedtotheregioninthe1930sandsoonreplacedmany andfrieduntilcrisp.Inruralmarkets,itisoftenservedwithboiledpotatoes,rice,salad,andawedgeoflime orajísauce.

YUQUITASFRITAS (CASSAVAFRIES)

PrepTime:15minutesCookTime:35minutesTotalTime:50minutes

RecipeServings:4DietaryConsiderations:Vegetarian,Vegan,GlutenFree,DairyFree,Kosher,Halal

AcrossPeru’scoastalandAmazonianregions,yuquitasfritasremainafamiliarpresenceatmarkets,home kitchens,andstreetstalls.Madefromboiledandfriedcassava(manihotesculenta ofrelianceonthisnativerootasaprimarystarch.Crispontheoutsideandtenderinside,thefriedpiecesare servedhotbesideanticuchos,polloalabrasa,orceviche.Theirpreparationrequireslittlemorethanoil,salt, andpatience,yettheresultisunmistakablytiedtoregionalidentity.Fewsidedishescapturetheeveryday resourcefulnessofPeruviancookingasclearlyasyuquitasfritas.

ANTICUCHOS (SKEWEREDMEAT)

PrepTime:15minutesRestTime:2hoursCookTime:20minutesTotalTime:2hours35minutes RecipeServings:10–12skewersDietaryConsiderations:GlutenFree,DairyFree

AnticuchosareskeweredgrilledmeatpiecesrootedintheAndeanregionofPeruandwidelyrecognizedasa street-foodstaplefromLimatothehighlands.ThetermisderivedfromtheQuechua“anti-kuchu”meaning “cutfromtheAndes”orpossibly“anti-uchu”meaning“Andeanchili.”Historically,thedishusesbeefheart marinatedinvinegar,garlic,cuminandredchilepaste—ingredientsintroducedorpopularizedduringthe colonialera—andthengrilledovercharcoal.Itistraditionallyservedwithboiledorgrilledcornandpotatoes, anticuchosareassociatedwitheveningsnacks,anticucheras(neighborhoodvendors)andpopularnationalfestivals.

YUQUITASRELLENAS (FRIEDCASSAVABALLS)

PrepTime:30minutesCookTime:35minutesTotalTime:1hour5minutes RecipeServings:4–6DietaryConsiderations:DairyFree,Kosher,Halal

Thesestuffedyuca(cassava)rootsareatraditionalPeruviansnackorentrée,especiallyinthenorthernregion yuquitasrellenasareoftenaccompaniedbyaspicyajíorcreamysalsaalahuancaínaandareenjoyedatfamily gatheringsandinformalstreet-foodstallsalike.

CORN

•FlintCorn(var.indurata):AlsocalledIndiancorn, ithasahardoutershellandisoftenusedfor makingcornmealandfordecorativepurposes.

•Popcorn(var.everta):Aspecialvarietywitha hard,moisture-sealedshellthatpopswhenheat-

•WaxyCorn:Highinamylopectin,makingitidealforthickeningagentsandcertainprocessed foods.

•BlueandPurpleCorn:Containsanthocyanins, givingitauniquecolorandadditionalantioxidantproperties;itisoftenusedintortillasand snacks.

popularsnack,whilehominy(alkali-treatedcorn)is usedindishessuchaspozoleandgrits.Cornalsois processedintosyrups,starches,andoils,appearing incountlesscommercialfoodproducts.

Season

Cornisharvestedinlatesummerandearlyfall, withfreshsweetcornwidelyavailableduringthese months.However,dried,canned,andprocessedcorn productsareavailableyear-round,ensuringitspresenceinglobaldiets.

DidYouKnow?

•Cornisthesecond-most-producedcropinthe worldbehindsugarcane.

variationsdependingonthetype.Sweetcornisjuicy taste.Flintcornandpopcornhaveanuttier,more Cornisanutritiousgrainthatprovidesenergyand essentialnutrients,including:

•Carbohydrates:Aprimarysourceofenergy,witha mixofsimplesugars(insweetcorn)andcomplex starches(inothervarieties).

•Fiber:Supportsdigestionandguthealth,particularlyinwholekernelandminimallyprocessed forms.

•Vitamins:ContainsBvitamins,includingthiamine andniacin,whichaidinmetabolismandbrain function.

•Minerals:Providesmagnesium,phosphorus,and potassium,essentialformuscleandbonehealth.

•Antioxidants:Yellowandbluecornvarietiescontaincarotenoidsandanthocyanins,whichsupport eyeandhearthealth.

Preparations

Cornisoneofthemostversatilecrops,andisused inawiderangeofculinaryapplications.Freshsweet cornisoftenboiled,grilled,orroastedandserved onthecoborcutintosaladsandsalsas.Driedcornta,cornbread,tortillas,andtamales.Popcornisa

•Corncomesinshadesofyellow,white,blue,red, andevenpurple,eachwithuniquenutritional properties.

•Popcornkernelscontainasmallamountofwater inside,which,whenheated,turnstosteamand causesthemtopop.

•TheUnitedStatesistheworld’slargestproducer ofcorn,followedbyChinaandBrazil.Morethan halfoftheUnitedStates'cornisusedforlivestock feedandethanolproduction.

•Whileoftenthoughtofasavegetable,cornis starchyfood.

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