"As countries consider how they will invest in essential improvements to their defenses against future health threats, we propose a three-layer investment framework approach for the most effective use of their resources. The three layers include: Layer 1: Risk Reduction †“ Promoting prevention and community preparedness; Layer 2: Detection, containment, and mitigation capabilities; Layer 3: Advanced case management and surge response. This framework prioritizes interventions that prevent a public health threat from developing in the first place (Layer 1), and limiting its spread should one emerge (Layer 2), and not just managing a widespread crisis that compromises health systems’ ability to sustainably deliver care (Layer 3).
All three layers play a role in achieving health system resilience, however, not all of them have been equally leveraged in the past, as per the analysis conducted. We offer a glimpse of the relatively low cost of investments in improving the operation of the weakest parts of the thr
