World Development Report 2022

Page 44

References Adams-Prassl, Abi, Teodora Boneva, Marta Golina, and Christopher Rauh. 2020. “Inequality in the Impact of the Coronavirus Shock: Evidence from Real Time Surveys.” Journal of Public Economics 189 (September): 104245. Agrawal, Sarthak, Alexandru Cojocaru, Veronica Montalva, and Ambar Narayan. 2021. “COVID-19 and Inequality: How Unequal Was the Recovery from the Initial Shock?” With inputs by Tom Bundervoet and Andrey Ten. Brief, World Bank, Washington, DC. Andersen, Steffen, John Y. Campbell, Kasper Meisner Nielsen, and Tarun Ramadorai. 2020. “Sources of Inaction in Household Finance: Evidence from the Danish Mortgage Market.” American Economic Review 110 (10): 3184–230. Apedo-Amah, Marie Christine, Besart Avdiu, Xavier Cirera, Marcio Cruz, Elwyn Davies, Arti Grover, Leonardo Iacovone, et al. 2020. “Unmasking the Impact of COVID-19 on Businesses: Firm Level Evidence from across the World.” Policy Research Working Paper 9434, World Bank, Washington, DC. Araujo, Aloisio P., Rafael V. X. Ferreira, and Bruno Funchal. 2012. “The Brazilian Bankruptcy Law Experience.” Journal of Corporate Finance 18 (4): 994–1004. Asonuma, Tamon, and Christoph Trebesch. 2016. “Sovereign Debt Restructurings: Preemptive or Post-Default.” Journal of the European Economic Association 14 (1): 175–214. Baldacci, Emanuele, Luiz de Mello, and Gabriela Inchauste. 2002. “Financial Crises, Poverty, and Income Distribution.” IMF Working Paper 02/4, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC. BCBS (Basel Committee on Banking Supervision). 2017. “Prudential Treatment of Problem Assets—Definitions of Non-performing Exposures and Forbearance.” Bank for International Settlements, Basel, Switzerland. https:// www.bis.org/bcbs/publ/d403.htm. Bolton, Patrick, Morgan Despres, Luiz Awazu Pereira da Silva, Frédéric Samama, and Romain Svartzman. 2020. The Green Swan: Central Banking and Financial Stability in the Age of Climate Change. Basel, Switzerland: Bank for International Settlements. Borensztein, Eduardo, and Ugo Panizza. 2009. “The Costs of Sovereign Default.” IMF Staff Papers 56 (4): 683–741. Bundervoet, Tom, María Eugenia Dávalos, and Natalia Garcia. 2021. “The Short-Term Impacts of COVID-19 on Households in Developing Countries: An Overview Based on a Harmonized Data Set of High-Frequency Surveys.” Policy Research Working Paper 9582, World Bank, Washington, DC. Carney, Mark. 2015. “Breaking the Tragedy of the Horizon: Climate Change and Financial Stability.” Address at Lloyd’s of London, London, September 29, 2015. https:// www.bis.org/review/r151009a.pdf. Chetty, Raj, John N. Friedman, Nathaniel Hendren, Michael Stepner, and Opportunity Insights Team. 2020. “How Did COVID-19 and Stabilization Policies Affect Spending and Employment? A New Real-Time Economic Tracker Based on Private Sector Data.” NBER Working

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Paper 27431, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA. Climate Bonds Initiative. 2017. “Nigeria First Nation to Issue a Climate Bonds Certified Sovereign Green Bond.” Media release, December 19, 2017. https://www .climatebonds.net/resources/press-releases/2017/12 /nigeria-first-nation-issue-climate-bonds-certified -sovereign-green. Climate Bonds Initiative. 2019. “Banco de Chile.” Green Bond Fact Sheet, September 17, Climate Bonds Initiative, London. https://www.climatebonds.net/files/files /2019-08%20CL%20Banco%20de%20Chile.pdf. Crossley, Thomas F., Paul Fisher, and Hamish Low. 2021. “The Heterogeneous and Regressive Consequences of COVID-19: Evidence from High Quality Panel Data.” Journal of Public Economics 193 (January): 104334. Cruces, Juan J., and Christoph Trebesch. 2013. “Sovereign Defaults: The Price of Haircuts.” American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 5 (3): 85–117. Farah-Yacoub, Juan, Clemens Graf von Luckner, and Carmen M. Reinhart. 2021. “The Eternal External Debt Crisis: A Long View.” Unpublished manuscript, World Bank, Washington, DC. Fatin, Leena. 2019. “Nigeria: Access Bank 1st Certified Corporate Green Bond in Africa; Leadership in Green Finance.” Climate Bonds Initiative (blog), April 2, 2019. ht tps://w w w.climatebonds.net /2019/0 4/nigeria -access-bank-1st- cer tified- corporate - green-bond -africa-leadership-green-finance. Fender, Ingo, Mike McMorrow, Vahe Sahakyan, and Omar Zulaica. 2020. “Reserve Management and Sustainability: The Case for Green Bonds?” BIS Working Paper 849, Monetary and Economic Department, Bank for International Settlements, Basel, Switzerland. Ferreira, Francisco H. G., Olivier Sterck, Daniel G. Mahler, and Benoît Decerf. 2021. “Death and Destitution: The Global Distribution of Welfare Losses from the COVID-19 Pandemic.” LSE Public Policy Review 1 (4): 1–11. Feyen, Erik, and Davide Salvatore Mare. 2021. “Measuring Systemic Banking Resilience: A Simple Reverse Stress Testing Approach.” Policy Research Working Paper 9864, World Bank, Washington, DC. Fonseca, Julia, and Bernadus Van Doornik. 2020. “Financial Development and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from Brazil.” Working Paper 532, Research Department, Central Bank of Brazil, Brasília. Fratto, Chiara, Brendan Harnoys Vannier, Borislava Mircheva, David de Padua, and Hélène Poirson. 2021. “Unconventional Monetary Policies in Emerging Markets and Frontier Countries.” IMF Working Paper WP/21/14, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC. Furceri, Davide, and Aleksandra Zdzienicka. 2012. “How Costly Are Debt Crises?” Journal of International Money and Finance 31 (4): 726–42. Gadgil, Shon, Bindu Ronald, and Lasya Vyakaranam. 2019. “Timely Resolution of Cases under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code.” Journal of Critical Reviews 6 (6): 156–67.


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References

1min
pages 279-281

Managing interrelated risks across the global economy

3min
page 277

Managing domestic risks to the recovery

5min
pages 275-276

Tackling the most urgent sources of risk

2min
page 274

Introduction

6min
pages 272-273

Spotlight 5.1: Greening capital markets: Sovereign sustainable bonds

22min
pages 263-271

References

13min
pages 259-262

Notes

7min
pages 257-258

Looking ahead: Reforms to mobilize revenue, improve transparency, and facilitate debt negotiations

18min
pages 249-255

Spotlight 4.1: Public credit guarantee schemes

9min
pages 221-225

Conclusion

3min
page 256

References

23min
pages 213-220

Managing sovereign debt and resolving sovereign debt distress

35min
pages 236-248

The human costs of debt crises

9min
pages 229-232

Notes

3min
page 212

Improving risk mitigation

58min
pages 183-205

Conclusion

2min
page 211

Policies to enable access to credit and address risks

14min
pages 206-210

Solving the COVID-19 risk puzzle: Risk visibility and recourse

12min
pages 179-182

Spotlight 3.1: Supporting microfinance to sustain small businesses

15min
pages 171-177

Introduction

3min
page 178

References

13min
pages 167-170

Notes

6min
pages 165-166

Conclusion

3min
page 164

Promoting debt forgiveness and discharge of natural person debtors

2min
page 163

Facilitating alternative dispute resolution systems such as conciliation and mediation

4min
pages 156-157

Strengthening formal insolvency mechanisms

19min
pages 149-155

References

16min
pages 135-139

Notes

16min
pages 131-134

Conclusion

2min
page 130

Spotlight 2.1: Strengthening the regulation and supervision of microfinance institutions

10min
pages 140-145

Dealing with problem banks

23min
pages 122-129

Building capacity to manage rising volumes of bad debts

16min
pages 115-121

Identifying NPLs: Asset quality, bank capital, and effective supervision

27min
pages 105-114

Spotlight 1.1: Financial inclusion and financial resilience

12min
pages 96-101

Conclusion

2min
page 93

Why do NPLs matter?

3min
page 104

References

10min
pages 68-71

Interconnected financial risks across the economy

8min
pages 73-75

Introduction

5min
pages 102-103

Notes

7min
pages 66-67

Resolving financial risks: A prerequisite for an equitable recovery

29min
pages 30-41

Conclusion

3min
page 42

The economic impacts of the pandemic

7min
pages 25-27

References

9min
pages 44-47

Impacts on the financial sector

2min
page 60

The economic policy response to the pandemic: Swift but with large variation across countries

5min
pages 28-29

Introduction

4min
pages 23-24

Notes

3min
page 43
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