Green Roads for Water

Page 43

Understanding the Concept and the Potential of Roads for Water | 19

REFERENCES Cervigni, R., A. M. Losos, J. L. Neumann, and P. Chinowsky. 2016. Enhancing the Climate Resilience of Africa’s Infrastructure: The Roads and Bridges Sector. Africa Development Forum series. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0466-3. Demenge, J., R. Alba, K. Welle, K. Manjur, A. Addisu, L. Mehta, and K. Woldearegay. 2015. “Multifunctional Roads: The Potential Effects of Combined Roads and Water Harvesting Infrastructure on Livelihood and Poverty in Ethiopia.” Journal of Infrastructure Development 7 (2): 165–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/0974930615609482. Douglas, E., J. Jacobs, K. Hayhoe, L. Silka, J. Daniel, et al. 2017. “Progress and Challenges in Incorporating Climate Change Information into Transportation Research and Design.” Journal of Infrastructure Systems 23 (4): 04017018. Dulac, J. 2013. Global Land Transport Infrastructure Requirements: Estimating Road and Railway Infrastructure Capacity and Costs to 2050. Paris: International Energy Agency. Ebinger, J. O., and N. Vandijcke. 2015. Moving toward Climate Resilient Transport: The World Bank’s Experience from Building Adaptation into Programs. Washington, DC: World Bank. Excellent Development. 2018. “Rural Road Crossings: A Vehicle for Water Investment in Drylands.” https://www.excellentdevelopment.com/sand-dam-road-crossing-brochure. Farrag-Thibault, A. 2014. “Climate Change: Implications for Transport.” Business for Social Responsibility and University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. http://www.bsr.org/reports​ /BSR-Cambridge-Climate-Change-Implications-for-Transport.pdf. Hebson, C. 2015. “Adapting Large Culvert Design Policy for Climate Change.” Presentation at ICNet DOT Workshop, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, April 30. http://​theicnet.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/2015-06-Hebson-DOT-Culvert.pdf. Kadenyi, N., and T. Kioko. 2019. “Socio-Economic Effects and Impacts of Road Run-Off Harvesting in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands for Climate Resilience with Road Water Management.” MetaMeta Research, Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands. Neal, I. 2012. “The Potential of Sand Dam Road Crossings.” Dams and Reservoirs 22 (3–4): 129–43. NDF (Nordic Development Fund). 2014. “Climate Resilient Roads: Cambodia Rural Roads Improvement Project: Results from Climate Change Adaptation.” Salman, M., L. Bunclark, M. AbuKhalaf, C. Borgia, L. Guarnieri, O. Hoffmann, F. Sambalino, F. V. van Steenbergen, and F. Lebdi. 2016. Strengthening Agricultural Water Efficiency and Productivity on the African and Global Level: Status, Performance and Scope Assessment of Water Harvesting in Uganda, Burkina Faso and Morocco. Rome: FAO. Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2008. Potential Impacts of Climate Change on U.S. Transportation: Special Report 290. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/12179. van Steenbergen, F. V. 2017. “Road-Side Borrow Pits as Ponds for Off-Season Small-Scale Irrigation.” Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany. van Steenbergen, F., K. Woldearegay, M. Agujetas Perez, K. Manjur, and M. A. Al-Abyadh. 2018. “Roads: Instruments for Rainwater Harvesting, Food Security and Climate Resilience in Arid and Semiarid Areas.” In Rainwater-Smart Agriculture in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas, edited by Walter Leal Filho and Josep de Trincheria Gomez. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.


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Ethiopia

3min
pages 254-255

A.1 Making a community map

1min
page 262

15.3 Road maintenance group using work safety measures, Nepal

1min
page 256

A.2 Transect walk

1min
pages 263-265

15.2 How to engage communities in road development

4min
pages 252-253

15.1 Different stages in community engagement

12min
pages 246-250

Examples of community engagement at scale

2min
page 251

15.1 The scope for community engagement under different roads programs

5min
pages 243-244

water sector, agriculture, and universities, Malawi

1min
page 237

Note

1min
pages 239-240

Scope for community engagement

2min
page 242

for road programs

2min
page 238

Getting the process going Annex 14A. Sample supplemental terms of reference

2min
page 236

Governance for roads for water

2min
page 232

Conclusions

6min
pages 222-223

of seedlings

1min
page 220

Combining water harvesting and tree planting

3min
pages 217-218

12.2 Roadside tree barriers and dust movement

1min
page 216

Design of roadside vegetative barriers

2min
page 215

12.1 Roadside vegetation and road safety measures

1min
page 213

12.1 Tree planting and road visibility

1min
page 212

Opportunities

2min
page 209

Site selection

2min
page 211

Recommended practices

1min
page 210

11.1 Infiltration rates of different soils

7min
pages 197-199

References

1min
pages 205-206

11.3 Suitable pond side slopes for different soils

6min
pages 202-204

References

1min
page 192

Recommended practices

1min
pages 195-196

10.3 Rolling drainage dip in low-volume road

1min
page 190

Opportunities

2min
page 183

Recommended practices

8min
pages 184-187

8.1 Geotextile materials for reservoir lining

1min
page 169

Opportunities Recommended practice: River crossings as sand dams and bed

1min
page 172

9.2 Overview of nonvented drift with preventable failure features

1min
page 178

Recommended practices

13min
pages 162-168

Opportunities

2min
pages 160-161

Recommended practices and preferred options

5min
pages 149-151

7.1 Road culvert spacing and dimensions for floodplains

6min
pages 152-154

Alternative road option in floodplains: Submersible roads

1min
page 155

References

1min
pages 145-146

Opportunities

1min
page 148

Notes

2min
page 144

6.7 Technique for creating artificial glaciers in mountain areas

2min
pages 142-143

6.6 Snowshed in Alpine environment

1min
page 141

6.3 Recommended practices for spring management along roads

1min
page 138

6.4 Infiltration bunds

1min
page 136

6.2 Effect of road development on different types of springs

3min
page 137

5.2 Minimum cross-drainage opening for Bangladesh lowlands

9min
pages 110-115

routes

4min
pages 120-122

Changing the mountain environment

2min
pages 127-128

6.2 Tilted causeways

1min
page 134

6.3 Dissipation block placement on the road

1min
page 135

Opportunities

4min
pages 104-105

Recommended best practices

2min
page 106

3.1 Typical concentrations of pollutants in highway runoff

2min
page 65

4.11 Water-spreading weir, Ethiopia

1min
page 100

Kotomor, Agago (northern region, Uganda

1min
page 99

4.2 Fodder grown from road culvert water, South Gondar, Ethiopia

1min
page 87

Techniques for road-water harvesting

2min
page 89

Road safety principles

2min
page 88

Amhara, Ethiopia, 2018

1min
page 85

3.2 Roadside spring with inadequate collection reservoir, Sardinia, Italy

1min
page 76

Recommended practices

9min
pages 66-69

Opportunities

2min
page 64

Notes

1min
page 60

References

2min
pages 61-62

2.4 V-shaped floodwater spreader

4min
pages 58-59

harvesting

3min
page 57

Recommended practices

2min
page 51

References

2min
pages 43-46

The three levels of promoting resilience: Protective, adaptive, and proactive

2min
page 34

3 Drift construction in sand river bed: General section of nonvented

2min
page 33

Road safety considerations

5min
pages 41-42

The benefits and costs of roads for water

2min
page 35

1.2 Three levels of road resilience for different road elements

2min
page 37

2 Community mobilization for road-water harvesting in Amhara

2min
page 39

3 Roadside spring opened after road construction in Tigray, Mulegat

1min
page 27

Changing the paradigm: Concept and principles of roads for water

4min
pages 31-32
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