78 Haacker are available from WHO (2006c) for 2002 (see also Lopez and others 2006). To assess the mortality associated with HIV and AIDS in South Asia, however, it is important to recognize that estimates of AIDS-related mortality have since been revised, especially for India. To obtain a more accurate estimate of mortality associated with AIDS, we therefore substitute adjusted estimates of AIDS-related deaths in India (about 190,000 in 2005; see table 3.1) for the earlier WHO estimates (about 360,000; see WHO 2006c). Figure 3.1 illustrates the mortality associated with AIDS in the region (the eight countries covered by the World Bank’s South Asia Region, see table 3.1), as well as for India. Overall, AIDS accounts for 1.5 percent of all deaths in South Asia, about the same level as measles or diabetes. For India, the share of deaths attributed to AIDS is higher, at about 2 percent, slightly more than half the level of deaths from tuberculosis. The mortality estimates also allow for comparisons between countries in terms of the state of health systems. We illustrate this point with a comparison between India and the United States. Controlling for the age structure of the population, mortality associated with HIV and AIDS in India was about five times higher than in the United States, even though Table 3.1 South Asia: Key HIV and AIDS Statistics HIV prevalence, ages 15–49 (percent) 2007 Afghanistan <0.01 Bangladesh 0.01 Bhutan 0.09 India 0.34 Maldives n.a. Nepal 0.5 Pakistan 0.10 Sri Lanka 0.03 Memorandum Items Cambodia 0.8 China 0.08 Thailand 1.4 Myanmar 0.7 2001 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.46 n.a. 0.5 0.07 0.03 1.5 0.06 1.7 0.9 People living with HIV and AIDS Share of women among PLWA 2007 2001 <1,000 <500 12,000 7,500 <200 <100 2,400,000 2,700,000 n.a. n.a. 70,000 56,000 96,000 51,000 3,800 3,000 2007 n.a. 16.7 n.a. 36.7 n.a. 17.1 28.1 36.8 75,000 700,000 610,000 240,000 120,000 470,000 660,000 300,000 26.7 28.6 41.0 41.7 AIDS deaths 2007 <100 <500 <100 = 190,000 n.a. 4,900 5,000 <500 2001 <100 <100 n.a. n.a. n.a. 2,600 1,900 <200 6,900 39,000 31,000 24,000 14,000 15,000 66,000 24,000 Sources: UNAIDS/WHO (2008) and author’s calculations. Note: AIDS deaths for India approximated based on the midpoint of estimates included in UNAIDS (2006a), adjusted for revisions in the estimated for HIV prevalence in India that have occurred meanwhile. The number of deaths for India relates to 2005, not to 2007.