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SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2021

CONNECTION Published for the members of West Kentucky & Tennessee Telecommunications Cooperative

CELEBRATING 70 YEARS Looking back at the early days at WK&T

C E L E B R AT I N G

YEARS

YEARS 1951-2021

COTTON CHAOS

Farmington business boosts online sales

1951-2021

CREATIVE COMMUNITIES Online connections inspire photographers

INDUSTRY NEWS

Rural Connections By SHIRLEY BLOOMFIELD, CEO NTCA–The Rural Broadband Association

Building a connected future As the nation’s leaders work to improve the infrastructure that supports our economy and our communities, there is a growing understanding of just how vital broadband service is to rural areas. It’s important rural providers have the resources and regulatory stability they need to connect areas that often have no other options for service. The challenges those providers face go beyond simply building an internet network that must keep pace as the demands of users grow from decade to decade. Recently, representatives of several cooperatives — among them, Golden West Telecommunications Cooperative, South Dakota; the Yelcot Telephone Company, Mountain Home, Arkansas; and Totelcom Communications, De Leon, Texas — made sure members of Congress heard this message. Similarly, months of coping with a global pandemic proved the success of rural broadband. Countless households, businesses, schools and others leaned on their local internet providers during these challenging times. However, there is still work to do in deploying networks and delivering robust and affordable services. This is where public policy can continue to play an important role, setting standards for broadband infrastructure and leveraging the know-how of community-based experts, like the company providing your internet service today. I’ve been delighted at the bipartisan nature of these discussions and the understanding that broadband kept the American economy humming during the pandemic. Now, we just need to ensure the lasting investment needed to future-proof this powerful system.  2 | September/October 2021

‘SIX PILLARS’ OF RURAL BROADBAND Fast internet builds successful communities Rural broadband’s influence extends throughout every community where fast internet networks are available. How many of these “six pillars” of rural broadband play a role in your daily life?

1. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Housing values increase and businesses move more product when rural communities have broadband.

2. PUBLIC HEALTH Instead of driving 50 miles to a health center, a telemedicine visit can bring care into the home.

3. TELEWORKING Remote work creates fresh opportunities.

4. EDUCATION

Educators from grade school to colleges and universities are reaching students remotely.

5. PUBLIC SAFETY Broadband networks can improve the communications systems used by emergency responders.

6. QUALITY OF LIFE Thanks to broadband, young people find rural communities more appealing.

These pillars of rural broadband are based on the work of Christopher Ali, an associate professor in the Department of Media Studies at the University of Virginia. He is also the author of “Farm Fresh Broadband: The Politics of Rural Connectivity.”  CORRECTION: In the July-August issue of your magazine, the final word of a travel story on Page 7 about the Red River Gorge was omitted. This is the complete sentence: As the Red River continues through the heart of the gorge, it levels out and provides gentle Class I paddling ideal for beginners.

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Better-looking videos are just a few steps away

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hanks to smartphones, recording and sharing videos has never been easier. Whether you’re capturing precious moments to share with friends and family, showcasing your talents or documenting a moment the rest of the world needs to see, a high-quality video helps get your message across loud and clear.

Here are some tips to help make sure your next video is your best one yet.

• Clean the lens — Sometimes it’s easy to overlook the obvious. We’re touching our phones constantly. We’re taking them out of our pockets and purses multiple times a day, so they’re bound to pick up a few fingerprints and smudges along the way. Take a second and give the lens a couple of swipes with a moistened cleaning wipe. No wipes? No worries — a quick breath and a swab with your shirttail can get the job done, too. • Orientation — Make sure to turn your phone horizontally when shooting videos. Shooting horizontally, also called landscape orientation, results in a more aesthetically pleasing experience for viewers, and it looks great across multiple platforms, especially on wide screens. Shooting this way also allows you to capture more of the surroundings in the video.

• Lighting — When recording indoors have the subject face a window if possible. If there is no natural light, consider purchasing an LED light ring. Light rings have become very popular and are an inexpensive way to make your video look professional. Avoid backlit settings, which can erase a person’s features on video and replace them with a dark figure instead. • Zoom cautiously — While the digital zoom option is a nice feature to have, using it while recording can result in an awkward-looking video. Instead, to keep the image crisp, take the time to frame the shot before recording and avoid using the zoom. Unless you’re planning to use the zoom distortion as an effect, get as close to the subject as you safely can to preserve the image quality.

• Stabilization — Nothing is harder to watch than a shaky video. A simple way to make your video better is by using two hands to hold the phone steady. Instead of extending your arms, tuck your elbows in close to your sides and hold the phone closer to your chest. If a professional-quality video is what you’re after, consider investing in a tripod or a gimbal to give your arms a rest. Also, many newer phones now include image stabilization features that can correct for inadvertent movements during shooting. • Composition — Take a moment to compose your shot before pressing the record button. For example, if you are making a video in a controlled environment, perhaps filming a tutorial in your home, look around and make sure the background is clear of anything you wouldn’t want people to see. September/October 2021 | 3

FROM THE CEO

Competing for jobs

Fast internet service puts us in the game

ur world is a competitive place, and not just when it comes to sports. The leaders of every town and county understand they’re in a fight for one of the most desired assets anywhere — jobs. The opposition isn’t just the next county over, either. Every community in the nation is in the game.

Success means bringing any possible advantages onto the playing field, and fast internet service is more than critical. It’s essential because it’s important to businesses of all types and sizes. Small manufacturers benefit from speedy internet service because resources from accounting to customer support often flow through the internet. Similarly, video calls are now just a normal part of business life. For communities hoping to recruit these types of employers, fast internet access is mandatory. Then, think about all the changes we’ve seen in remote work, which was on the rise even before the pandemic. Remote work is more TREVOR common than ever, and if you can work from home, our community is BONNSTETTER highly attractive. After all, the big-city pace isn’t for everyone. Chief Executive Officer So, why not bring those jobs to rural America? That’s part of WK&T’s mission here at our beautiful, super connected WK&T Technology Park. You won’t find a faster, more reliable, low latency internet connection anywhere in the nation. We’d love to attract industry to West Kentucky, but the same connectivity available at our tech park is what we offer our customers at their homes. We live in a friendly, affordable and beautiful place. And we have the fast, reliable internet network required to make remote work more than just a possibility. The speed and affordability of our internet service is comparable to — and often greatly exceeds — service in major cities. In many ways, we’re a better place for remote work than metropolitan areas. But it’s about more than just jobs. We’re also building for the future. Our students can learn the skills they need to be competitive, not only for today, but also for tomorrow. A growing number of colleges and universities offer online courses. Students about to enter the workforce can broaden their horizons without ever leaving home. But students aren’t alone in benefiting from classes accessed via the internet. People looking to grow professionally now have similar resources available that allow them to continue their education and open new doors to either advancement or entirely fresh careers. Many of those classes and other resources are best experienced through live video, which needs a high speed internet connection. We’re also building for the future. This fall, in partnership with the Four Rivers Foundation, we will once again be bringing high school students back onsite through our high school internship program. These students will have an opportunity to learn and practice technical, customer service, and sales skills while working directly with our WK&T members. Our young people understand the necessity of superior broadband. Our interns will get to experience the impact it can make first-hand, and it’s our hope they will learn the opportunities available to them right here at home, in rural western Kentucky. While our friends in economic development always keep a watchful eye out for opportunities to attract the attention of large employers, one of the things that excites me most is the entrepreneurs: industrious people putting in the hard work needed to kick-start a business. Our affordable living costs can give young businesses an edge, allowing them to keep overhead lower than their competitors. They can move large amounts of data, share information, hold online meetings and more. Thanks to fast internet access, even home-based startups can link to a worldwide market that was once only accessible to businesses with large staffs in big-city offices. Throughout the nation, there are signs of vitality in rural economies. For all the reasons I’ve described, fast internet service is part of the foundation making it all possible. We’re in the game, and I firmly believe we’re ready to compete.  4 | September/October 2021

CONNECTION SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2021

VOL. 13, NO. 5

is your cooperative serving West Kentucky and Northwest Tennessee across more than 14,000 network connections. The company is dedicated to using technology to keep its members connected through local and long-distance calling, high-speed internet, digital television and beyond.

Send address corrections to: WK&T Telecommunications Cooperative 100 WK&T Technology Drive Mayfield, KY 42066 Telephone: 877-954-8748 www.mywkt.net

BOARD OF TRUSTEES Tony Goodman President Ricky Littleton Vice President Jerry Holloway Secretary/Treasurer Jeff Davis Bill Hainaut Jerry Stephenson Joe Thompson

Produced for WK&T by:

On the Cover: Sonny Sears worked at WK&T for 43 years, retiring as general manager in 1998. See story Page 8.

WK&T NEWS

Make plans to attend the 28th TENNESSEE SOYBEAN FESTIVAL Visit the WK&T Biz Box at Martin’s Soybean Festival, Sept. 4-Sept. 11. Spin the prize wheel for giveaways and learn more about services at WK&T, a festival sponsor. The festival, which began in 1994, is a collaborative effort of the University of Tennessee at Martin, local industry and businesses, leaders in agriculture, churches and community organizations, and countless other volunteers who work together to make the festival bigger and better each year. The Soybean Festival provides an opportunity for food, fun and fellowship, all in celebration of Weakley County’s cash crop — the soybean. The event pays tribute to the soybean farmer, yet it also includes something for everyone. For more information, visit tnsoybeanfestival.org.

ANNUAL MEETING UPDATE WK&T welcomed members to their offices on Friday, July 16, for drive-thru registration at WK&T’s Murray, Mayfield and Martin locations. Members participated in the online meeting on Saturday, July 17. WK&T would like to thank the members who participated to learn updates about cooperative business, and how the cooperative continues to meet the broadband needs in the communities we serve.

Scholarship winner Carleigh O’Neill has been awarded a scholarship from WK&T. She graduated from Carlisle County High School with a 4.222 GPA and served as historian for the local chapter of the Future Business Leaders of America. She plans to attend Murray State University and major in elementary education. Her parents are Brian and Kathy O’Neill.

WK&T Telecommunications Cooperative

Mandatory 10-digit dialing now enabled for the 731 area code Ten-digit dialing will become mandatory on Oct. 24 nationwide, requiring all areas to use the area code and telephone number on all calls. Those in the 731 area code were the only ones not already required to use 10 digits in this area. Anyone with a telephone number from the 731 area code can start using the 10-digit now. Any equipment that is programmed to dial out — fax machines, security systems, medical monitoring devices, speed dialers, call forwarding services and similar items — will need to be reprogrammed to 10 digits. It will still be necessary to dial 1 + area code + telephone number for all long distance calls. Continue to use three digits to reach emergency services — 911.

September/October 2021 | 5

TRAVEL

As Mother Nature intended Okefenokee Swamp is a wildlife watcher’s dream

Story by ANNE BRALY

estled deep down in Georgia and stretching into Florida, the Okefenokee Swamp is eerie in places, and just plain spooky in others. It’s a mosaic of vast pine islands, cypress forests and water as black as night — all elements that make up this national treasure.

The swamp, one of the world’s healthiest water ecosystems, is protected from human encroachment by the National Wildlife Refuge System, an organization established to oversee a network of lands and waters for conservation, says Susan Heisey, supervisory refuge ranger of the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge. The Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge has 80% of the Okefenokee Swamp under its jurisdiction, as well as close to 40,000 acres of uplands immediately surrounding the swamp. At 407,000 acres it’s the largest national wildlife refuge in the East. Where there is swampland, there are gators. And alligators love this swamp because they’re protected here. The refuge provides them a safe haven — a wealth of food and shelter to sustain a thriving population of the reptiles. 6 | September/October 2021

“There are generally no problems between man and alligators due to the amount of habitat the refuge provides,” Heisey says. “Generally, when an alligator sees a person, it moves in the opposite direction.” The only times that alligators can be confrontational or dangerous is if they identify people with food, Heisey explains. “So, we try to educate our visitors about the dangers of feeding and approaching wildlife so there are no issues with nuisance alligators.” Alligators can basically be found in any portion of the swamp and most adjacent ponds, ditches or other bodies of water. Alligators do live in the water, but they can also be found on land at times. The females will build up their nests adjacent to

the water where they live. Interesting trivia: Female alligators protect their nests and their young for several years, and they are the only reptiles that do this. And their numbers remain pretty stable, although there has been no recent official count. It’s a matter of water level fluctuation, a limited amount of food sources and competition between males for territorial rights. The largest alligator ever documented was in Louisiana in the early 1900s and was more than 19 feet long. “We do not have a record of the largest alligator in the Okefenokee Swamp, but occasionally there can be individuals at around 14 feet or so,” Heisey notes. Gators aren’t the only creatures found among the swamp’s wetlands and woodlands. The refuge is home to 39 fish species, 37 amphibian species, 63 other reptiles, 234 birds and 50 mammals. Most notable among the animals are wood storks, indigo snakes, gopher tortoises, black bears, endangered red-cockaded woodpeckers and sandhill cranes. The refuge is home to both migratory and resident sandhill cranes, and most recent observation found that there are about 100 nesting pairs in residence. The migratory sandhill cranes are usually present from November through February, at which time they’ll migrate up the Atlantic Flyway to their breeding grounds. Wildlife observation is one of the most common types of recreation for visitors to enjoy while on the refuge. Walking the Chesser Island Boardwalk to the 40-foot observation tower at its end and boating the water trails on a prearranged or selfguided tour are the best ways to see the animals. Finding the cranes is easy. Just listen for their loud bugling calls and look among the refuge prairies where the water is relatively shallow — good hunting grounds for the big, long-legged birds. Look down, not up. Sandhills nest on the ground, not in the trees. “Visitors love seeing those cranes,” Heisey says. 

Cutline

The ‘Pogo’ connection Some baby boomers may remember “Pogo,” one of the most popular comic strips of their youth. Pogo was a possum that lived in a tree in the Okefenokee Swamp and came to life weekly in newspapers across America, born from the mind of cartoonist Walt Kelly. At its peak, “Pogo” appeared in nearly 500 papers in 14 countries, and close to 300 million copies of books about Pogo and his friends were sold. Kelly died in 1973, and his widow, Selby, continued the internationally syndicated comic strip until July 1975. After 26 years of syndication, “Pogo” the comic was completely discontinued, but the character lives on today in the welcome center at the Okefenokee Swamp Park in Waycross, Georgia. There, a large room has been turned into Kelly’s studio, complete with a likeness of the man himself and his alter ego, Pogo.

Swamp trivia The Okefenokee is OK, for now, but its future is directly tied to maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem’s complex processes. The future of people and communities surrounding the swamp also is dependent on conserving the swamp. • The swamp is the largest intact blackwater swamp in North America and is more than 7,000 years old. • The swamp is a massive, peat-filled bog inside a huge, saucer-shaped depression that was once part of the ocean floor. • Fire is an important part of the Okefenokee ecosystem, and the refuge has a prescribed burn program in place to accomplish what wildfires once did. The fire staff burns an average of 6,000 to 10,000 acres per year. • Most area residents have ancestors who once lived or worked in the swamp as a part of their heritage. • The Okefenokee Swamp, as the headwaters of both the Suwannee and St. Marys rivers, provides clean water to the most pristine rivers in the Southeast. • A National Geographic publication included the Okefenokee Swamp as among the top 100 most beautiful places on Earth. September/October 2021 | 7

A BRIGHT SPOT IN HISTORY Sonny Sears recalls early days at WK&T Story by LISA SAVAGE

onny Sears attended Lowes High School and spent summers working at a telephone company in a neighboring town with no idea the job would eventually set him on a decadeslong career path at WK&T. Sears retired in 1998 as WK&T’s general manager, and he served in just about every role at WK&T during his 43 years at the cooperative. Now, as WK&T celebrates 70 years of service to Western Kentucky and Northwest Tennessee, Sears recalls the days when the cooperative first brought telephone service to rural communities and the changes he saw through the years.

THE JOURNEY Sears served two years in the Marine Corps after high school. Not long after his discharge in 1954, he started working at WK&T making $1 an hour. “I worked the first year and then got a nickel raise,” he recalls. With a wife and four kids, that pay barely kept food on the table, and he continued to farm when he went home at the end of the day. After the second year, he says, the organization couldn’t give employees a raise, but it gave them another week’s vacation.

Sears did just about any job that needed to be done. As the cooperative worked to establish new telephone exchanges, he staked for the new telephone poles. “We had to measure every foot of it, and I walked every bit of it,” he says. And with the installation of the first 10 exchanges — they totaled 1,350 telephone lines — the cooperative sent Sears to Rochester, New York, for six weeks to switchboard school. “We had to pay our own way,” he says. “After that, though, they raised us to $250 a month.” As the progress continued and more exchanges came on, Sears and another man did much of the maintenance. “We

climbed poles from the start,” he says. “One day, I was climbing up there and fell off, but everybody that climbs does that.” By the early 1960s, the cooperative hired a new general manager, Percy Finks, and Sears often assisted in those duties and filled the role of assistant manager. The cooperative borrowed money to construct new lines, and Sears worked with the men from the Rural Electrification Association — now known as the Rural Utilities Service — as they assessed the cooperative’s needs and approved the loans. “The loans weren’t too big, and we were paying 2% interest,” he says.

WEATHERING THE STORM Through the years, tornadoes and ice storms wreaked the most havoc on the

C E L E B R AT I N G

YEARS When Sonny Sears retired, NTCA–The Rural Broadband Association honored him for his years of service. 8 | September/October 2021

1951-2021 WK&T Telecommunications Cooperative

cooperative’s lines. “It hit us hard and tore all our poles down,” Sears says. “We worked for days trying to get things back up and running. We had to keep going. “We were still working off a ladder, and we were climbing poles,” he says. “We were putting wires back up, and worked all night with a spotlight.” In those days, Sears says, eight homes were on a party line. A few businesses had the first private lines. It would be several years before the party lines decreased to four homes on one line and eventually gave way to all private lines.

LEADING THE WAY When Finks retired as general manager in 1976, the WK&T board of directors named Sears to fill the position. During his early years in the role, he was dealing with emerging technologies that would bring changes to WK&T and the entire industry. By the early 1980s, the first computers had gone in at the WK&T office, but glitches made Sears skeptical. “If the computers went down, we couldn’t even collect a bill if someone came in to pay it,” he says. As technology changed and improved, WK&T began offering dial-up internet in the early 1990s. Now, WK&T provides all-fiber connections, which provide more reliable and fast internet access. In Sears’ years of service at WK&T, his appointment to the NTCA–The Rural Broadband Association board of directors remains one of his proudest accomplishments. The national board, committed to advancing policies, continues to help close the digital divide on behalf of the nearly 850 telecommunications companies they represent. Sears represented the Kentucky and Tennessee region, one of nine NTCA regions at the time. As the representative of the region retired, others on the NTCA board of directors wanted Sears to take his place. “I told them I’m just an old country boy not cut out for a national board,” he recalls. The NTCA board of directors recognized his leadership abilities, however, and he served on the board for nine years — WK&T Telecommunications Cooperative

Sonny Sears still visits WK&T, where he worked for 43 years before retiring in 1998 as general manager.

Sonny Sears and others helped build some of the first telephone lines used by WK&T.

the last two of which his peers elected him president. “I met people from everywhere, all over the country,” Sears says. “Everybody had different ideas, and we were able to work together to help our members build these essential services in rural and small-town communities across the United States.” Sears considers his service to the NTCA a highlight of his career. “At the time, we didn’t even realize the importance of what we were doing,” he says. “I saw so many changes in those years, and it’s an honor to be part of that.” He served on the NTCA board of directors until his retirement from WK&T in

1998. When Sears retired, there were 66 WK&T employees and 20,000 telephone lines. Now, there are more than 17,000 subscribers receiving state-of-the-art telecommunications service in 22 exchanges. Even though he’s been gone from WK&T more than 20 years, Sears often visits with the employees he came to know as family. Every employee called him Sonny, Sears says. “No one ever called me Glen or Mr. Sears.” Where did he get the nickname Sonny? “I don’t know,” he says with an easy laugh. “I’ve been Sonny all my life.” He has definitely been a bright spot in WK&T’s history.  September/October 2021 | 9

NEW PERSPECTIVES

Jason Stitt sees rural Texas through a different lens Story by DREW WOOLLEY

ason Stitt has always seen the world a little differently. Through the lens of his camera, he likes to find new views of the places other people might pass every day without a second thought. “Photography helps me to view the world in ways most people don’t get to. To look at things from different angles, different perspectives and to see things in a way that others may not,” he says. “Mostly, it’s an outlet for me to be creative and to show the world the beauty of God’s creation, whether that be people or nature.” Now, with the help of the internet, he can encourage others in his community to find their own individual perspectives. Social media has been a place for Stitt to grow as a photographer by sharing his work, asking questions and engaging in critiques with other professionals. He even runs his own Facebook group, Tyler Area Photography, with more than 600 members dedicated to growing the

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“I am an introvert by nature,” he says. “So I really enjoy the quiet solitude of being out in nature with just my camera gear.”

IN FOCUS photography community in Tyler, Texas. “I’m still learning and growing and will never stop,” Stitt says. “We don’t have lots of photography shops like you might find in bigger cities. So almost all of my continuing education and growing the craft relies on the internet.” Stitt caught the photography bug 18 years ago while living in California. Working as a graphic designer, he started submitting his shots to a stock photo website before becoming a full-time photographer two years later. After moving back home to New Zealand with his family, Stitt discovered his passion for landscape photography. But it was only a few years before the cost of living caught up with them. They didn’t want to give up the opportunity to have his wife, Ruth, home-school their children. So, Stitt took his newfound talent for capturing natural beauty to Tyler, where he could continue pursuing his career while supporting his family.

When Stitt and his family were deciding where to relocate on their move back to the States, there was one must-have for his business: a strong internet connection. “That was one of the most important factors in choosing a place. It had to have a reliable and fast internet connection,” Stitt says. "Ninety-nine percent of my business I get through either my site or social media. So without the internet, I lose all of that.” Photographer Jason Stitt

He isn’t exaggerating. About a year and a half after moving to Tyler and gradually building momentum as a professional photographer, Stitt and his family visited New Zealand for five weeks to see his parents. Stitt stayed away from social media during the trip and returned to find business had ground to a halt. “I felt like I had just lost all the momentum I had built while we were gone and had to start all over again,” he says. “Now, ideally, I try to post something every weekday to keep business relatively steady and keep getting inquiries. If I’m not posting regularly, those inquiries just stop happening.” 

TOOLS OF THE TRADE

Getting the shot Whether you’re just starting out or a seasoned pro, Stitt offers some pointers to make your photos stand out. • Shoot, shoot, shoot — As with any learned skill, the best way to hone it is to do it. Get out and take as many photos as you can to develop a better idea of your interests and style. • Be intentional — Ansel Adams said, “You don’t take a photograph, you make it.” Photography is art, and good art requires forethought and planning. Think about what you want to capture and how you want to photograph it. • Study the greats — Look closely at the work of photographers you admire. Figure out what it is about their work that appeals to you and then try to emulate it. • Master the light — Light is the single most important factor in photography. More than determining how bright or dark your photos are, controlling light also decides the tone, mood and atmosphere of your images. • Learn to edit — Don’t neglect learning how to use your editing software. In today’s world, the ability to edit well is one of the elements that makes for a great photographer. • Find your community — Locate a local camera club or Facebook photography group to join. These can be great places to meet like-minded people from whom you can learn and grow.

The internet is full of resources for aspiring photographers and professionals alike. Whether you’re looking to manage your shots or learn a new skill, there’s something for everyone. • Education — Even the best photographers have something to learn. For professional courses, Stitt turns to sites like CreativeLive and Improve Photography. If you’re looking for something to peruse at your leisure for education and inspiration, he recommends Scott Kelby’s blog. • Editing — With Adobe’s Photography package, anyone can get access to professional-grade software like Photoshop and Lightroom to edit and organize your photos on any device — all for little more than some streaming subscriptions. • Website builders — Every photographer needs a place to share their work with the world. Popular website builders like Squarespace and Portfoliobox make it easy to show off your best shots and even to sell your work. • Storage — As all those photos pile up, you’ll need somewhere to keep them. Flickr offers a substantial 1 TB of free storage, while services like Dropbox and Google can provide up to 16 TB of space as your portfolio grows.

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Andrea Fulcher and Whitney Tucker, who opened Cotton Chaos in 2019, ship T-shirts across the United States through online sales.

Fits to a T Internet keeps Cotton Chaos in business Story by ANNE BRALY

fter breakfast is over, the dishes are clean and the kids are out the door, the chaos begins for Andrea Fulcher and Whitney Tucker — Cotton Chaos, that is. The two women met at church in 2013 and now own Cotton Chaos, located in Farmington, Kentucky. The company specializes in custom-made, screen-printed T-shirts that now reach customers across the United States. And through its fundraising program, the business has donated tens of thousands of dollars to charitable organizations. However, it all began as nothing more than a hobby just three years ago.

COMMON GROUND Tucker was born and raised in Paris, Tennessee, and moved to Murray after graduating high school. She established roots in the Western Kentucky town, marrying her husband, Wesley, and raising their family, which now includes three children all under the age of 8. Fulcher is from Wingo, just minutes from Farmington. She married her high school sweetheart, Josh, and the pair have three children, ranging up to 15 years old. “When we first met, we realized instantly how much our families had in common,” Tucker says of Fulcher. “Then, one night at dinner, we started talking about a hobby we could pick up and decided we were willing to put in $150 each to buy materials.” Orders came in such numbers that Tucker left her job as a dental assistant so she could focus more on her family, as well as the growing hobby. Fulcher transitioned from her job as a kindergarten teacher for the Graves County School System to a bus driver for the school system so she could commit more time to the hobby-turned-business. 12 | September/October 2021

MOVING FORWARD In 2019, Cotton Chaos became official and was fully licensed. And the venture that began on their dining room tables now had a new home in Josh Fulcher’s former race shop. The women have a fully operational screen-printing shop capable of running hundreds of T-shirts a day. The all-female crew includes Tucker, Fulcher, a parttime screen-printing assistant, a part-time online assistant and a part-time social media manager. Cotton Chaos started with women’s tees only but now makes unisex T-shirts, as well as T-shirts for kids. The company also has its own line of T-shirts, makes screen-printed craft and boutique items, and has recently added a new angle to the business: making T-shirts for sports teams, PTA programs and area nonprofits, among others. It’s taken the business down a road the partners hadn’t planned on, but one that’s made an impact on the community, Fulcher notes. Cotton Chaos is an online-only business, enabling the company to offer new releases weekly for retail and wholesale sales. Internet from WK&T helps the business reach more customers and offer more services. Wholesalers can also submit their own designs for custom orders.

“We would not have a business without the internet,” Fulcher says. “And we use social media to advertise our services and products, bringing in customers from all over the U.S.” 

About Cotton Chaos Cotton Chaos is based in Farmington, Kentucky, and purchasers may place orders online at cottonchaos.com. The company also has a social media presence on Facebook, Instagram and TikTok.

WK&T Telecommunications Cooperative

Bandwidth vs. speed

fiber internet connection travels at close to the speed of light. However, your overall internet experience can suffer over time if you do not have enough bandwidth capacity to handle all the devices connected to your network. So, how much bandwidth capacity and speed are needed? Think of fiber internet coming to your home through a pipe, like water. Think of bandwidth as the size of your water pipe and speed as how fast the water is able to flow through that pipe. When you take a shower, you normally have plenty of water pressure. But the flow of water slows to a trickle if you’re also running the dishwasher and the washing machine and if others in the home are taking showers. Your internet connection works the same way. As more devices are simultaneously using the network — streaming movies, playing video games, learning/ working remotely — there will be a noticeable slowdown if your bandwidth isn’t big enough.

THE SPEED YOU NEED Your fiber internet connection from WK&T is fast, strong and reliable. However, if you don’t have enough bandwidth capacity for your family’s needs, you may find yourself frustrated by buffering delays and spotty video calls. Remember, if your household uses multiple devices at once, you’ll need to consider the activity happening on every device to determine the total bandwidth you’ll need.

WORK Working from home doesn’t mean working in isolation. If you collaborate with clients or co-workers on group video calls, you’ll need about 8 Mbps of download speed and 500 Kbps of upload speed for a smooth experience. When you leave your home, you may want a smart security system working to protect it. A video doorbell or high-resolution security camera operates best when you have 2-2.5 Mbps download and upload speed available for each camera.

PLAY Without adequate bandwidth, online gaming quickly becomes an exercise in frustration. While some gaming platforms list a minimum recommended speed of around 3 Mbps of download speed and 1 Mbps of upload speed, this is truly a minimum recommendation. Many gamers prefer speeds of 15-25 Mbps to ensure minimum lag and seamless gaming experiences.

REST Whether you prefer Disney+, Netflix or some other streaming video platform, the guidelines are roughly the same. In most cases, you’ll need 3-4 Mbps for standard definition video, 5 Mbps for HD video and 25 Mbps for Ultra-HD (4K) video. These recommendations are always per device, so if you’re streaming on multiple screens throughout the house, don’t forget to add them all up for best results.  Fiber-fast internet is the future. And it’s here!

877-954-8748 | www.mywkt.net

Experiencing internet issues? Let us help! If you’re having any issues with your internet, please call us so we can work through any service issues together. We are committed to making your connection an outstanding experience.

WK&T Telecommunications Cooperative

September/October 2021 | 13

SOUTHERN KITCHENS

Palate pleasers

Pears make perfect sweet and savory dishes

ears add a dose of seasonality to dishes this time of year with a sweetness that’s nuanced and subtle yet plentiful. But understanding which type of pear is best for what use will help you choose wisely from the fruit you’ll see in the produce section of your local market. Any type of pear is good to eat as long as it’s ripe enough to bring out its sweetness. But when it comes to using pears in cooking, the variety you choose matters. Do you want the pear to retain its shape when poached? Or do you want it to melt into a sauce? Just remember your pear ABCs — Anjou, Bosc and Comice. Anjou is an all-purpose pear that can be grilled, roasted or eaten as a snack. Bosc pears are best for poaching, as they maintain their shape well when cooked.

Comice pears are best used raw, as their tender flesh will not hold up well under heat. They are a sweet pear to pair with cheese. The best way to ripen pears is on the counter at room temperature, a process that requires patience, since the fruit can take up to a week to reach its sweet peak. Once fully ripe, pears may be stored in the refrigerator for up to a week, if they stick around that long before being used in any of the following recipes. FOOD EDITOR ANNE P. BRALY IS A NATIVE OF CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE.

Pear & blue cheese salad 12 cups torn romaine lettuce 2/3 cup balsamic vinaigrette (homemade or store-bought), see note 2 medium pears, sliced (Comice suggested) 2/3 cup crumbled blue cheese 2/3 cup glazed or salted pecans Place romaine in a large bowl. Drizzle it with vinaigrette; toss to coat. Top with pears, cheese and pecans. Serve immediately. Makes 10 servings.

Photos by Miller Photography.

Note: If you can’t get enough blue cheese, substitute blue cheese dressing for the balsamic.

14 | September/October 2021

PEAR & GORGONZOLA PIZZA 1 (16-ounce) package refrigerated pizza crust dough 4 ounces sliced provolone cheese 1 Bosc pear, thinly sliced 2 ounces chopped walnuts 2 1/2 ounces Gorgonzola or blue cheese, crumbled 2 tablespoons chopped fresh chives Preheat the oven to 450 F. Spread the pizza crust dough on a medium baking sheet. Layer provolone cheese on the crust and top the cheese with Bosc pear slices. Sprinkle walnuts and Gorgonzola cheese over the pears. Bake for 8-10 minutes, or until the cheese is melted and the crust is lightly browned. Remove the pizza from the oven, top it with chives and slice to serve.

PEAR PANCAKES 1 1/2 cups baking mix (such as Bisquick) 1 medium ripe pear, peeled and finely chopped 2/3 cup old-fashioned oats 2 tablespoons packed brown sugar 1 1/2 teaspoons ground cinnamon 1 cup milk 2 tablespoons butter or margarine, melted 1 egg 1/2 cup butter or margarine, softened 2 teaspoons powdered sugar Maple syrup, if desired Heat a griddle or skillet over medium heat. Grease it with butter or vegetable oil if necessary. In a large bowl, stir the baking mix, chopped pear, oats, brown sugar and 1 teaspoon of the cinnamon until blended. In a medium bowl, beat the milk, melted butter and egg with a fork or wire whisk. Add the milk mixture to the dry ingredients, stirring just until moistened. For each pancake, pour about 1/4 cup batter onto a hot griddle. Cook the pancakes until bubbles form on top and the edges are dry. Flip, then cook the other side until golden brown. While the pancakes are cooking, make cinnamon butter: In a small bowl, mix 1/2 cup butter, the powdered sugar and the remaining 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon. Serve the pancakes with cinnamon butter and syrup.

BAKED PEARS WITH WALNUTS 2 1/4 1/4 2

large ripe Bosc pears teaspoon ground cinnamon cup crushed walnuts teaspoons honey Vanilla ice cream or whipped cream, optional

Preheat the oven to 350 F. Cut the pears in half and place them on a baking sheet. You may want to cut a sliver off the uncut side so that they sit upright. Using a measuring spoon or melon baller, scoop out the seeds. Sprinkle the pear halves with cinnamon, top them with walnuts and drizzle 1/2 teaspoon honey over each one. Bake for 30 minutes. Remove from the oven, let them cool slightly and serve the pears topped with ice cream or whipped cream, if desired.

PEAR CLAFOUTIS

Think pear cobbler, only easier. Salted butter for the dish 2 ripe but slightly firm Anjou pears (about 1 pound total) 1 cup half-and-half 3 eggs 1/3 cup plus 1 tablespoon granulated sugar 1 1/2 teaspoons vanilla extract 1 teaspoon orange zest 1/8 teaspoon nutmeg 1/4 teaspoon kosher salt 1/2 cup flour Powdered sugar Peel, core and slice the pears lengthwise about 1/3-inch thick. Preheat the oven to 350 F. Butter a shallow 3-quart baking dish and arrange the pears over the bottom — they will rise to the top as the batter bakes. Put half-and-half, eggs, granulated sugar, vanilla, orange zest, nutmeg, salt and flour (in this order) in a blender and whirl until very smooth and frothy, 1 minute. Pour the batter over the pears. Bake until the clafoutis is well browned and a little puffed, about 50 minutes. Let it cool on a rack about 15 minutes. Serve warm, sprinkled with powdered sugar.

September/October 2021 | 15

Presort STD US Postage PAID Permit #21 Freeport OH

100 WK&T Technology Drive Mayfield, KY 42066

Haunted Graves It’s going to be Spooktacular!

Don’t miss the month-long celebration of all things Halloween in Mayfield and Graves County.

“Halloween-themed lights” Displayed on poles in downtown Mayfield, around the Haunted Graves County Courthouse Square all month! Sponsored by WK&T and other businesses.

“Pumpkins in the Park” • • • • • •

Family-friendly Mini pumpkin hunt Pumpkin decorating Inflatables Food, music and more! “Touch-A-Truck” where kids can explore and touch all kinds of trucks!

Bucket trucks and others from WK&T and WKRECC, city fire trucks and more.

WHEN: 10 a.m.-2 p.m., Saturday, Oct. 16 WHERE: WK&T Tech Park on Highway 45 North Sponsored by WK&T and West Kentucky Rural Electric Cooperative

Check out events for Haunted Graves on the Mayfield-Graves County Tourism Commission’s Facebook page.

877-954-8748 | www.mywkt.net