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The participants of the 2014 WISBA programme at the result conference in Vienna.

The WISBA-partner-universities in 2014

POLITECHNIKA WARSZAWSKA

Helping to shape the future of building Wienerberger AG has intensively devoted itself to the subject of sustainable building for a long time already. In order to actively get involved in shaping the future of building, Wienerberger initiated the Wienerberger Sustainable Building Academy (WISBA) in 2013 â€“ together with Europeâ€™s most renowned Universities of Technology. The aim of this unique course of studies is to teach future architects and civil engineers the fundamentals of sustainable building as part of their studies and facilitate a close exchange with specialists on a European level for them. In September 2015, the second round of this educational course of studies started with 24 students from different universities in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Switzerland. The focus of the programme was on project works, which the students worked out over the last four months in five workshops altogether. Each topic was thereby supported by a professor at the respective partner university. You can find the results of the single projects on the following pages.

Dóri, Karolina, Louise and Marcel

Jerzy Kwiatkowski

Resource efficient wall systems Students: Dóri Fódi (Budapest University of Technology and Economics) Karolina Hytros (Warsaw University of Technology) Louise Deprins (VUB) Marcel Muster (ETH Zurich) Mentor: Jerzy Kwiatkowski (Warsaw University of Technology)

In a world where climate change is no spectre but a daily experienced reality, architects and civil engineers have to deal with the issue of the future sustainability of their work. In the “resource-efficient wall systems” project, WISBA students set out to search for the most resource-saving wall systems. The framework for the analysis was provided by student bungalows on the campus of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, for which a subsequent utilization concepts

currently needs to be developed. The four most resource-efficient wall systems were identified from 29 wall variants with different structures and exterior claddings. As a basis for evaluation, the students analysed the lifecycle of the used materials and calculated technical and economic parameters. Additionally, the students considered to what extent the wall can be adapted to subsequent, changing usage requirements.

For the case study (student bungalows), WISBA students identified the four most resource-efficient wall systems from among 29 different wall variants.

Solutions using bricks and clay blocks are the most cost-efficient With this valuation basis, structures using a mixed construction method – including solutions with re-used brick – achieved the best results. It turned out that the solutions using bricks and clay blocks not only cause the least environmental costs but also the least economic costs. The study also showed that resource efficiency cannot be

equated with environmental impacts. Re-use and recycling of materials dramatically improve environmental impacts, which is why companies should also consider the end of the lifecycle. The greatest challenge of recycling is the use of materials on the same quality level and not to simply “down-cycle” them. Materials cost (€/m2)

Environmental cost (€/m2)

Timber structure with secondary aluminium cladding

267

Secondary aluminium structure and cladding

260

Secondary aluminium structure and cement fibreboard cladding

210

Secondary aluminium structure and re-usedbrick cladding

186

No.

Wall System

The solution using re-used brick turned out to be most cost-efficient. 4

Maria, Veronika, Verena and Emílio

Karen Allacker and Niels De Temmerman

Environmental indicators Students: Maria Cimadom (University of Innsbruck) Veronika Egye (Budapest University of Technology and Economics) Verena Göswein (ETH Zurich) Emílio da Conceicao (KU Leuven)

Case study old people’s home

Mentors: Karen Allacker (KU Leuven) & Niels De Temmerman (VUB)

An incomplete picture Construction and utilisation of buildings are responsible for about half of the total resource and energy consumption and cause about one third of waste accrued in the European Union. On the way to resource- and environment-sparing buildings it is therefore important to reliably determine the actual environmental impacts of buildings. This is done via environmental indicators. They gather the different facets of environmental impacts, which are used to carry out evaluations. The central standard for this is EN15804. The students aimed at 6

examining to what extent the EN15804 standard comprises all actually relevant aspects for the determination of environmental impacts of buildings. Otherwise, the analysis on the basis of this standard would systematically lead to dangerous incorrect appraisals. An old people’s home served the students as case example, which they analysed for significant environmental impacts by means of five different analysis methods. Additionally, the students did a literature research on previous studies in this field.

The analysis and the literature research showed that particulate matter, human toxicity, ionising radiation, and land consumption are highly relevant but not considered in the current EN15804 standard. Current Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) therefore only represent an incomplete picture. Consequently, an adaptation of EPDs towards a complete consideration of relevant environmental indicators is urgently needed.

Aleksandra, Héloise, Kathrin and Ibolya

Péter Medgyasszay

Brick design to prevent summer overheating

The e4 brick house in Hungary

Students: Aleksandra Piewald (Vienna University of Technology) Héloise D’Hont (UCL-LOCI) Kathrin Ruhland (ETH Zurich) Ibolya Csiernik (Budapest University of Technology and Economics) Mentor: Péter Medgyasszay (Budapest University of Technology and Economics)

The more solid the brick walls the more stable the temperature Central Europe is confronted with an accumulation of extreme spells of very hot weather. This presents a new challenge for architects and civil engineers. Air-conditioning units provide quick relief, but are no truly satisfactory and long-term solution, neither in terms of operating costs nor regarding their energy efficiency. Therefore it was the aim of the

students to find out what building components have a particularly strong impact on the behaviour of a building in summer heat and how it can be improved. The Wienerberger e4 brick house in Budapest served as a case example. In this analysis, the student differentiated between exterior walls, floors, roof, and windows as well as the doors.

The analysis showed that besides the insulating properties the mass of the walls is of great importance – in particular if peak temperatures have to be compensated in the course of the day. This results in a considerably higher living comfort with solid brick solutions as compared to lightweight construction solutions. For the e4 brick house it turned out that roof

and floors have a rather small impact on the development of temperatures. On the contrary, exterior walls and especially the thermal properties of windows have a greater impact. The students identified a great potential for a further improvement of the overheating problem of buildings in good ventilation at night and the optimisation of solar protection.

Anna, Astrid, Aránzazu and Alexandra

1st PHASE

2nd PHASE

3rd PHASE

4th PHASE

Product Stage

Construction Stage

Use Stage

End of life stage

Peter Maydl

Sustainable use of natural resources

Environmental Impacts

Opportunities

Students: Anna Klochowicz (Warsaw University of Technology) Astrid Adam (UCL-LOCI) Aránzazu Cerón Herrera (Leibniz University Hannover) Alexandra Bagi (Budapest University of Technology and Economics) Mentor: Peter Maydl (Graz University of Technology)

Buildings have to meet high demands on load-bearing capacity, sound protection and energy efficiency. In July 2014, the Construction Products’ Regulations came into effect and with it the new “Basic requirements for construction works No. 7: sustainable use of natural resources”. These basic requirements demand that buildings, building materials and components can be re-used or recycled after demolition. Simultaneously, buildings have to be long-lasting and the used resources must be environmentally compatible. What does this legal regulation mean for buildings? 10

Wall systems made of clay blocks are the most environmentally sound solution To find out the students compared the environmental qualities of different wall solutions with similar properties regarding their load bearing capacity and thermal insulation:

Taking account of criteria such as the use of renewable energies, overall energy requirement, ozone depletion as well as greenhouse effects, walls systems using clay blocks show the best environmental quality.

In the utilization phase especially clay blocks with integrated insulation stand out owing to their protected and thus long-lasting insulation as well as facing bricks with their high level of protection against weather influences.

•

Allowing for possible adaptation to future subsequent uses is especially important in the construction phase. The environmentally sound disposal of packaging material also influences the overall environmental balance of a wall system.

In the demolition phase at the end of the lifecycle of a building, the applied connection technologies (e.g. mortar) have a special influence on the recyclability and the reusability of building components in particular.

• • •

Poroton S-9 clay blocks with integrated Perlit insulation, Lightweight concrete blocks with polyurethane insulation, Clay blocks with wood wool insulation boards, Breeze blocks with EPS insulation and a facing brick facade.

100

80 60 Dragana, Timon, Katarzyna and Stefan

Guillaume Habert

Building Labels

Students: Dragana Petrovic (Vienna University of Technology) Timon Peters (Technische Universität Darmstadt) Katarzyna Stankiewicz (Lublin University of Technology) Stefan Breit (ETH Zurich)

SNBS Society

DGNB Economy

BREEAM Environment

LEED Mix

Sustainability dimensions (society, economy and environment) are weighted differently in the respective certificates.

Mentor: Guillaume Habert (ETH Zurich)

The construction and operation of buildings causes considerable environmental loads. An approach for their reduction is building certifications assessing the impacts of a building on the environment. Since there is no standard definition of sustainability, building certificates considerably vary regarding their statement. The aim of this project was the determination of what the different

building certificates actually measure and to what extent these certificates gather the parameters that are crucial for clay blocks as a building material. The British BREEAM, the US American LEED, the German DGNB, and the Swiss SNBS certificate were analysed. Occasionally, these certificates differ regarding the weighting attributed to social, economic and environmental indicators.

While certificates of the second generation (e.g. DGNB and SNBS) weight the three sustainability dimensions more or less equally, certificates of the first generation (BREEAM and LEED) give too much weight to the environmental dimension. Furthermore, the students found out that the higher the number of parameters, the higher is the significance of those parameters measuring a positive contribution to sustainability – instead of only negative impacts. For bricks and

clay blocks, eleven to 21 percent of all parameters – depending on the certificate – were identified as particularly relevant (e.g. U-value, durability, fire protection, resistance, etc.). Thus the students showed that environmental certificates consider the qualities of bricks and clay blocks to varying degrees.

Karol, Alexander, Tobias and Magdalena

Florian Musso

The ethics of bricks Students: Karol Jurkanis (Wrocław University of Technology) Alexander Quiring (Münster University of Applied Sciences) Tobias Sebastian Müller (Technische Universität München) Magdalena Wölzl (Vienna University of Technology) Neither heating, nor cooling. Monolithic construction provides for a pleasant room climate.

Mentor: Florian Musso (Technische Universität München)

Brick. Simply honest. The way buildings are constructed and their appearance have drastically changed in recent decades. In their project work, the students attended to the question of what a “correct” and “honest” use if bricks and clay blocks means in the context of contem-

porary architecture. They analysed contemporary and historic brick buildings regarding the purpose brick was used for, whether decoratively, as a load-bearing brick wall or a mixture of both.

The students assume “honesty” for brick façades if the façade clearly conveys to the beholder whether brick has a load-bearing role or only forms the external building envelope. Brick with its centuries-old tradition as both a load-bearing building material and as decorative element, also assumes an important design function in contemporary architecture. Especially

in recent times, there are innovative projects with both aesthetic and functional brick systems such as, for example, the 2226 office building by Baumschlager Eberle Architekten built in Lustenau/Austria in 2013.

WHAT IS WISBA? Die Wienerberger Sustainable Building Academy is an international education programme in the field of sustainable building. It is jointly developed and coordinated by Wienerberger AG, in cooperation with renowned European universities

TARGET GROUP WISBA is dedicated to students of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering who are outstandingly motivated in the field of sustainable building and wish to extend their knowledge and experience in this area. Die Wienerberger AG supports the students by covering travel, accommodation and programme costs.

THE PROGRAMME The start conference, workshops and the result conference took place in autumn 2014. Start conference September 15th –19th 2014 Workshops Brussels (October 6th-8th) Warsaw (October 13th-15th) Zurich (November 3th-5th) Budapest (November 10th-12th)