2026 Campaign for Jobs Digest

www.wvchamber.com

West Virginia Chamber 2026 Campaign for Jobs Digest Key Indicators of West Virginia’s Business Climate

The 2026 Campaign for Jobs Digest provides a data-driven look at key measures of West Virginia’s economic health. It offers a side-by-side comparison of how West Virginia ranks on 61 economic indicators compared to other states. Overall, the Campaign for Jobs Digest shows the state’s economic strengths and challenges. We encourage readers to use this book as a resource to help guide and champion West Virginia’s economy and to strengthen all people, industry sectors and communities.

Chamber in Action: Our Work The West Virginia Chamber is our state’s largest advocate for economic policy improvement. We unite our state’s employers around the goal of creating a state that is healthier, better educated, more prosperous and provides opportunity for all. West Virginia Chamber members are your small business neighbors. They are located across all 55 counties and employ over half the state’s workforce. The West Virginia Chamber of Commerce is proud of its role as the voice of business for the past 90 years.

CONTENTS

Table 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Title State Populations (July 1, 2023–July 1, 2024) Percentage of Population as Prime Working Age (2024) Age Group by Percentage of Population (2024) Net Migration by State (July 1, 2024–July 1, 2025) Non-Agriculture Employment Growth (August 2024–August 2025) Non-Agriculture Employment Growth (10 yr) (August 2015–August 2025) Per Capita Personal Income by State (2024) Per Capita Personal Income Growth by State (2023–2024) Gross Domestic Product Growth by State in Current Dollars (2024) Exports Per Capita (2024) Opening & Closing Rates of Establishments (Q1 2024–Q4 2024) Census Estimates of State and Local Taxes (2023) Business Taxes Per Employee as a Share of all Taxes and GSP (FY 2023) Top Income Tax Bracket by State (April 1, 2026) Top Corporate Net Income Tax Bracket by State (2026) Sales Tax Rates by State (2026) Motor Fuel Taxes (July 2025) CNBC Top States for Business Rankings (July 2026) Effective Property Tax Rate on a Primary Residence in the State’s Largest City (Payable 2024) Effective Property Tax Rate on a Commercial Property in the State’s Largest City (Payable 2024) Effective Property Tax Rate on an Industrial Property in the State’s Largest City (Payable 2024) State and Local Government FTE Employment (March 2024) State and Local Government FTE Average Pay (March 2024) State of the Tech Workforce (Cyberstates 2025) Wages & Productivity of Production Workers in Manufacturing (2021) Annual Average Investment Per Employee in Manufacturing (2021) Union Members as a Share of Employment (2024) Union Membership - Public vs. Private (2024) Unemployment Insurance Taxes (2024) Regular Unemployment Insurance Payments (2nd Quarter 2025) State Minimum Wage (January 1, 2026)

Table 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61

Titles Venture Capital Investments (2024) Overall R&D Spending (2022) R&D Expenditures Per Capita by Performing Sector (2023) Science, Engineering and Health Doctorates (2023) Educational Attainment of Population Age 25 and Older (2024) Higher Education Total Fall Enrollment as Percentage of Population: Public (Fall 2021) Higher Education Fall Enrollment in Private For-Profit and Non-Profit Colleges (Fall 2021) Import/Export Ratio of College-Bound High School Graduates (Fall 2022) National Assessment of Educational Progress (2024) Estimated Public School Spending Per Pupil (2025) Average Salary of Teachers (2025) State Expenditures on Roadways (2022) Average Retail Price Per KwH for Industrial Customers (2023–2024) Average Retail Price Per KwH for Commercial Customers (2023–2024) Average Retail Price Per KwH for Residential Customers (2023–2024) Generation of Energy Resources by State (2024) Median Monthly Housing-Related Costs (2024) Median Home Prices and Mortgage Payments by State (2026) Housing Price Appreciation (2nd Quarter 2025) Home Ownership Rates (2nd Quarter 2020–2nd Quarter 2025) Healthcare Expenditures Per Capita (2024) Percentage Without Health Insurance (2024) Percent of Privately Insured Persons with Employment-Based Insurance (2024) State and Local Government Health and Hospital Spending (2023) Occupational Injury and Illness Incidence (2023) Partisan Composition of State Governments (August 29, 2025) Per Capita Personal Income by West Virginia County (2024) Population and Change in Population by County (April 2020–July 2025) Percentage of Workers Who Worked from Home (2024) Workforce Participation Rate (2025)

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

TABLE 1

STATE POPULATIONS (July 1, 2023–July 1, 2024) West Virginia ranks 39th in population, ranks 50th in change in population, and 49th in percentage of the population changed. Rank State Population

Population Change

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

232,570 3 562,941 1 467,347 2 129,881 5 61,030 15 67,899 14 59,270 17 116,446 7 164,835 4 57,103 18 121,209 6 76,510 12 100,860 9 109,357 8 79,446 11 69,603 13 44,144 22 46,158 21 37,428 26 30,570 29 56,154 19 40,103 23 91,001 10 40,026 24 9,669 37 37,777 25 18,718 34 31,511 28 32,046 27 60,391 16 53,104 20 23,074 31 18,891 33 19,106 32 -127 48 9,092 38 17,601 35 30,497 30 -516 50 4,759 45 6,833 41 5,366 44 5,931 43 8,879 39 15,494 36 6,364 42 7,521 40 3,623 46 -215 49 2,551 47 14,926 3,304,757

California 39,431,263 Texas 31,290,831 Florida 23,372,215 New York 19,867,248 Pennsylvania 13,078,751 Illinois 12,710,158 Ohio 11,883,304 Georgia 11,180,878 North Carolina 11,046,024 Michigan 10,140,459 New Jersey 9,500,851 Virginia 8,811,195 Washington 7,958,180 Arizona 7,582,384 Tennessee 7,227,750 Massachusetts 7,136,171 Indiana 6,924,275 Maryland 6,263,220 Missouri 6,245,466 Wisconsin 5,960,975 Colorado 5,957,493 Minnesota 5,793,151 South Carolina 5,478,831 Alabama 5,157,699 Louisiana 4,597,740 Kentucky 4,588,372 Oregon 4,272,371 Oklahoma 4,095,393 Connecticut 3,675,069 Utah 3,503,613 Nevada 3,267,467 Iowa 3,241,488 Arkansas 3,088,354 Kansas 2,970,606 Mississippi 2,943,045 New Mexico 2,130,256 Nebraska 2,005,465 Idaho 2,001,619 West Virginia 1,769,979 Hawaii 1,446,146 New Hampshire 1,409,032 Maine 1,405,012 Montana 1,137,233 Rhode Island 1,112,308 Delaware 1,051,917 South Dakota 924,669 North Dakota 796,568 Alaska 740,133 Vermont 648,493 Wyoming 587,618 District of Columbia 702,250 United States 340,110,988

Rank Change

% Change

Rank Change

0.59% 1.83% 2.04% 0.66% 0.47% 0.54% 0.50% 1.05% 1.51% 0.57% 1.29% 0.88% 1.28% 1.46% 1.11% 0.98% 0.64% 0.74% 0.60% 0.52% 0.95% 0.70% 1.69% 0.78% 0.21% 0.83% 0.44% 0.78% 0.88% 1.75% 1.65% 0.72% 0.62% 0.65% 0.00% 0.43% 0.89% 1.55% -0.03% 0.33% 0.49% 0.38% 0.52% 0.80% 1.49% 0.69% 0.95% 0.49% -0.03% 0.44% 2.17% 0.98%

33 2 1 28 41 35 38 13 7 34 10 19 11 9 12 14 30 24 32 37 16 26 4 22 47 20 42 23 18 3 5 25 31 29 48 44 17 6 49 46 40 45 36 21 8 27 15 39 50 43

PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION AS PRIME WORKING AGE (2024)

State

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Colorado Washington Nevada California Alaska Massachusetts New Hampshire Oregon New York New Jersey Georgia Maryland Rhode Island Virginia Texas Illinois Tennessee Connecticut North Carolina Maine Florida Kentucky Pennsylvania Minnesota Michigan Ohio South Carolina Hawaii Missouri Wisconsin Vermont Alabama Louisiana Indiana Arizona Arkansas Oklahoma West Virginia Montana Mississippi Delaware Wyoming New Mexico Utah Idaho Kansas Iowa Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota District of Columbia United States

Prime Working Age %25-64

% Senior Citizens %>64

54.0% 53.4% 53.3% 52.9% 52.5% 52.3% 52.3% 52.2% 52.1% 52.1% 52.0% 52.0% 51.9% 51.8% 51.7% 51.7% 51.5% 51.3% 51.2% 50.9% 50.8% 50.5% 50.4% 50.4% 50.4% 50.3% 50.2% 50.2% 50.1% 50.1% 50.0% 50.0% 49.9% 49.8% 49.8% 49.7% 49.6% 49.6% 49.5% 49.4% 49.4% 49.2% 49.2% 49.1% 48.9% 48.6% 48.5% 48.4% 48.1% 48.0% 58.6% 51.3%

16.4% 17.3% 17.6% 16.5% 14.8% 18.7% 21.5% 19.9% 18.9% 18.0% 15.7% 17.6% 19.7% 17.6% 13.9% 17.9% 17.7% 19.4% 17.9% 23.5% 21.8% 18.0% 20.4% 18.2% 19.6% 19.1% 19.7% 21.5% 18.7% 19.6% 22.8% 18.5% 17.7% 17.5% 19.6% 18.2% 16.9% 21.9% 21.0% 18.0% 21.8% 19.7% 20.2% 12.4% 17.7% 17.8% 18.9% 17.4% 17.3% 18.8% 13.0% 18.0%

Rank

46 42 37 45 48 23 6 11 20 30 47 38 14 39 49 32 36 18 31 1 4 28 9 26 17 19 13 7 24 16 2 25 34 40 15 27 44 3 8 29 5 12 10 50 35 33 21 41 43 22

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Rank

TABLE 2

West Virginia ranks 38th in percentage of the population that are prime working age (25-64) and 3rd in percentage of the population that are senior citizens (>64).

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

TABLE 3

AGE GROUP BY PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION (2024) West Virginia’s population consists of 19.7% under 18 years of age, 8.8% between the ages of 18-24, 24.0% ages 25-44, 25.6% ages 45-64, and 21.9% above the age of 64. State

<18

18-24

25-44

45-64

>64

Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming District of Columbia United States

22.0% 23.6% 20.9% 22.7% 21.3% 20.4% 19.8% 20.3% 19.3% 22.7% 20.3% 23.4% 21.2% 22.9% 22.5% 23.3% 22.4% 23.2% 17.6% 21.9% 19.0% 20.8% 22.4% 22.9% 22.0% 20.5% 24.1% 21.1% 17.7% 21.5% 21.0% 20.0% 21.4% 23.3% 21.7% 23.6% 19.3% 20.1% 18.4% 21.0% 23.9% 21.9% 24.5% 26.6% 17.4% 21.4% 20.8% 19.7% 20.8% 21.8% 18.5% 21.5%

9.5% 9.1% 9.6% 9.4% 9.3% 9.2% 9.5% 8.6% 8.1% 9.5% 8.1% 9.9% 9.2% 9.7% 10.1% 10.3% 9.1% 9.2% 8.0% 8.6% 10.0% 9.2% 8.9% 9.7% 9.2% 9.0% 10.0% 8.0% 8.5% 8.5% 9.6% 9.0% 9.5% 11.4% 8.9% 9.9% 8.6% 9.1% 10.0% 9.1% 9.4% 9.0% 9.8% 11.9% 9.8% 9.2% 8.5% 8.8% 9.5% 9.3% 10.0% 9.2%

25.4% 29.9% 26.8% 25.8% 28.7% 30.6% 25.6% 24.8% 25.6% 27.3% 26.4% 26.1% 27.1% 25.9% 25.2% 25.9% 25.8% 26.4% 24.7% 26.7% 27.3% 25.6% 26.6% 25.1% 26.1% 26.1% 26.0% 28.6% 25.5% 26.4% 26.2% 27.2% 26.5% 27.2% 26.0% 26.8% 28.1% 25.8% 27.0% 25.5% 25.2% 26.8% 28.8% 28.7% 24.5% 27.1% 30.0% 24.0% 25.3% 25.8% 38.8% 27.0%

24.6% 22.5% 23.1% 23.9% 24.2% 23.4% 25.7% 24.6% 25.2% 24.7% 23.8% 22.8% 24.6% 23.9% 23.3% 22.7% 24.7% 23.5% 26.2% 25.2% 25.0% 24.8% 23.8% 24.2% 24.0% 23.4% 22.4% 24.7% 26.8% 25.6% 23.0% 24.8% 24.8% 20.8% 24.3% 22.8% 24.1% 24.7% 24.9% 24.7% 22.7% 24.7% 23.0% 20.4% 25.5% 24.7% 23.4% 25.6% 24.8% 23.4% 19.8% 24.2%

18.5% 14.8% 19.6% 18.2% 16.5% 16.4% 19.4% 21.8% 21.8% 15.7% 21.5% 17.7% 17.9% 17.5% 18.9% 17.8% 18.0% 17.7% 23.5% 17.6% 18.7% 19.6% 18.2% 18.0% 18.7% 21.0% 17.4% 17.6% 21.5% 18.0% 20.2% 18.9% 17.9% 17.3% 19.1% 16.9% 19.9% 20.4% 19.7% 19.7% 18.8% 17.7% 13.9% 12.4% 22.8% 17.6% 17.3% 21.9% 19.6% 19.7% 13.0% 18.0%

NET MIGRATION BY STATE (July 1, 2024 - July 1, 2025)

Rank State

North Carolina 84,064 Texas 67,299 South Carolina 66,622 Tennessee 42,389 Arizona 31,107 Georgia 27,333 Alabama 23,358 Florida 22,517 Idaho 19,915 Nevada 14,914 Oklahoma 14,492 Arkansas 14,475 Missouri 14,028 Indiana 12,197 Ohio 11,926 Washington 9,238 Minnesota 8,300 Maine 7,406 Kentucky 7,269 Wisconsin 6,984 Delaware 6,855 New Hampshire 6,554 West Virginia 6,408 Montana 6,348 Virginia 6,268 Utah 3,343 Oregon 2,228 South Dakota 2,169 Michigan 1,796 Wyoming 1,474 North Dakota 512 Nebraska -366 Kansas -519 Vermont -726 Mississippi -917 Iowa -970 Rhode Island -1,551 New Mexico -2,267 Pennsylvania -2,936 Alaska -4,525 Connecticut -5,945 Hawaii -8,876 Colorado -12,100 Maryland -12,127 Louisiana -14,387 Massachusetts -33,340 New Jersey -37,428 Illinois -40,017 New York -137,586 California -229,077 District of Columbia -4,128 United States N/A

Net Interntional Migration Rank

46,890 6 167,475 2 12,930 23 17,990 17 28,219 14 42,579 9 8,946 28 178,674 1 2,148 45 10,551 26 8,420 29 5,470 37 12,665 24 17,852 18 28,505 13 46,202 7 12,486 25 4,040 39 15,709 20 7,260 33 3,473 40 2,403 44 244 50 899 47 40,436 10 7,501 30 9,636 27 3,183 41 30,706 12 258 49 2,810 43 6,599 34 7,440 32 623 48 7,451 31 5,903 36 5,923 35 2,879 42 26,921 15 1,959 46 17,534 19 4,768 38 15,356 21 20,503 16 14,900 22 40,240 11 53,064 5 44,752 8 95,634 4 109,278 3 3,915 1,262,202

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Net Domestic Migration

TABLE 4

West Virgina ranks 23rd in net domestic migration and ranks 50th in net international migration.

Source: U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics

TABLE 5

NON-AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT GROWTH (August 2024 – August 2025) West Virginia ranks 40th in jobs added and 36th in percent growth of jobs. Rank State

Jobs Added (Lost)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

195,600 125,100 101,200 98,200 80,800 76,800 72,000 69,500 44,400 44,100 42,500 41,400 34,400 33,900 32,300 30,400 28,900 23,400 22,800 22,000 19,800 19,800 19,100 18,300 18,300 16,800 16,200 13,600 13,000 12,900 12,700 11,900 11,800 6,600 6,500 5,900 4,900 4,300 3,500 3,100 2,600 1,700 1,700 1,500 1,000 100 (100) (2,300) (2,300) (10,000) (8,900) 1,443,700

Texas New York Pennsylvania Florida North Carolina Ohio South Carolina California Virginia Michigan Minnesota Arizona Tennessee Missouri Georgia Utah New Jersey Oklahoma Wisconsin Alabama Washington Kentucky Louisiana Colorado Arkansas New Mexico Mississippi Indiana Oregon Idaho Connecticut Hawaii Maryland Nebraska Massachusetts Illinois Alaska South Dakota Delaware West Virginia Wyoming Rhode Island Montana North Dakota Vermont New Hampshire Nevada Maine Iowa Kansas District of Columbia United States

% Growth

Rank

1.4% 10 1.3% 16 1.6% 5 1.0% 21 1.6% 6 1.4% 12 3.1% 1 0.4% 39 1.0% 18 1.0% 22 1.4% 9 1.3% 15 1.0% 19 1.1% 17 0.7% 32 1.7% 4 0.7% 30 1.3% 14 0.7% 27 1.0% 20 0.5% 35 1.0% 23 1.0% 24 0.6% 34 1.3% 13 1.9% 2 1.4% 11 0.4% 38 0.7% 31 1.5% 7 0.7% 28 1.9% 3 0.4% 37 0.6% 33 0.2% 44 0.1% 45 1.5% 8 0.9% 25 0.7% 29 0.4% 36 0.9% 26 0.3% 41 0.3% 42 0.3% 40 0.3% 43 0.0% 46 0.0% 47 -0.3% 49 -0.1% 48 -0.7% 50 -1.2% 0.9%

NON-AGRICULTURE EMPLOYMENT GROWTH (10 YR) (August 2015-August 2025)

Rank State

Aug. ’15 (in thousands)

Aug. ’25 (in thousands)

Jobs Added (Lost)

% Growth

Texas 11,819.3 14,347.7 2,528,400 21.4% Florida 8,111.8 10,048.4 1,936,600 23.9% California 16,190.8 18,011.2 1,820,400 11.2% North Carolina 4,254.9 5,095.4 840,500 19.8% New York 9,249.2 10,008.6 759,400 8.2% Georgia 4,260.3 4,999.6 739,300 17.4% Arizona 2,626.8 3,253.7 626,900 23.9% Tennessee 2,875.1 3,408.3 533,200 18.5% Colorado 2,521.7 2,991.5 469,800 18.6% Washington 3,192.6 3,661.8 469,200 14.7% Virginia 3,814.4 4,281.6 467,200 12.2% South Carolina 2,010.4 2,427.2 416,800 20.7% Pennsylvania 5,856.7 6,249.1 392,400 6.7% Utah 1,385.9 1,775.1 389,200 28.1% New Jersey 4,004.6 4,389.2 384,600 9.6% Ohio 5,409.5 5,730.2 320,700 5.9% Nevada 1,264.3 1,570.1 305,800 24.2% Alabama 1,953.7 2,214.9 261,200 13.4% Michigan 4,281.3 4,533.6 252,300 5.9% Missouri 2,777.8 3,021.8 244,000 8.8% Illinois 5,916.1 6,153.7 237,600 4.0% Indiana 3,056.3 3,290.8 234,500 7.7% Oregon 1,782.4 2,008.3 225,900 12.7% Massachusetts 3,499.9 3,723.5 223,600 6.4% Idaho 675.0 881.9 206,900 30.7% Minnesota 2,862.1 3,053.1 191,000 6.7% Maryland 2,674.3 2,846.8 172,500 6.5% Arkansas 1,215.2 1,385.8 170,600 14.0% Wisconsin 2,898.8 3,068.7 169,900 5.9% Kentucky 1,895.9 2,062.2 166,300 8.8% Oklahoma 1,661.5 1,802.3 140,800 8.5% New Mexico 828.0 904.8 76,800 9.3% Mississippi 1,131.7 1,205.5 73,800 6.5% Montana 457.3 529.8 72,500 15.9% Nebraska 1,001.7 1,064.1 62,400 6.2% Kansas 1,399.3 1,452.4 53,100 3.8% New Hampshire 653.5 706.3 52,800 8.1% Delaware 443.9 493.8 49,900 11.2% Maine 611.7 656.5 44,800 7.3% South Dakota 430.4 471.8 41,400 9.6% Rhode Island 483.9 513.7 29,800 6.2% Iowa 1,575.1 1,594.6 19,500 1.2% Connecticut 1,701.1 1,720.2 19,100 1.1% Louisiana 1,990.5 2,002.5 12,000 0.6% Hawaii 642.6 651.4 8,800 1.4% Wyoming 292.3 297.5 5,200 1.8% Alaska 336.0 339.0 3,000 0.9% Vermont 314.3 314.1 (200) -0.1% North Dakota 460.5 448.1 (12,400) -2.7% West Virginia 749.6 719.0 (30,600) -4.1% District of Columbia 764.4 757.8 (6,600) -0.9% United States 142,266.4 159,139.0 16,872,600 11.9%

Rank

6 4 18 8 26 11 5 10 9 13 17 7 30 2 21 37 3 15 38 23 40 28 16 34 1 31 33 14 39 24 25 22 32 12 35 41 27 19 29 20 36 44 45 47 43 42 46 48 49 50

Source: U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

TABLE 6

West Virginia ranks 50th in job growth in the last 10 years and 50th in the percent change of jobs in the last 10 years.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of Economic Analysis

TABLE 7

PER CAPITA PERSONAL INCOME BY STATE (2024) West Virginia ranks 49th in personal income per capita. Rank State

Per Capita Personal Income (2024)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

$95,067 $93,607 $86,477 $86,232 $85,552 $85,187 $84,893 $83,192 $83,055 $79,259 $77,351 $76,234 $75,699 $75,603 $74,522 $73,006 $72,701 $71,749 $71,287 $71,019 $70,823 $70,678 $70,622 $69,823 $69,805 $69,240 $68,932 $68,061 $67,755 $67,333 $66,504 $65,856 $65,798 $65,634 $65,225 $64,920 $64,464 $64,077 $63,708 $63,690 $63,006 $62,323 $61,897 $60,776 $59,320 $58,256 $58,249 $57,311 $55,351 $52,074 $111,185 $73,204

Connecticut Massachusetts Wyoming California New York Washington New Jersey New Hampshire Colorado Maryland Virginia Alaska South Dakota Minnesota Illinois Florida Nebraska North Dakota Vermont Hawaii Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Texas Nevada Montana Maine Delaware Wisconsin Utah Tennessee Kansas Arizona North Carolina Iowa Missouri Ohio Indiana Oklahoma Michigan Georgia Idaho Louisiana South Carolina Arkansas Kentucky New Mexico Alabama West Virginia Mississippi District of Columbia United States

PER CAPITA PERSONAL INCOME GROWTH BY STATE (2023–2024)

% Growth in Per Capita Personal Income 2023–2024 from 2023

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

6.2% 5.6% 5.5% 5.4% 5.4% 5.3% 5.3% 5.3% 5.2% 5.1% 5.0% 5.0% 5.0% 5.0% 5.0% 5.0% 4.9% 4.9% 4.9% 4.9% 4.8% 4.7% 4.7% 4.7% 4.7% 4.6% 4.5% 4.4% 4.4% 4.4% 4.4% 4.4% 4.3% 4.2% 4.2% 4.1% 4.1% 4.1% 4.1% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 3.9% 3.8% 3.7% 3.6% 3.4% 2.1% 1.7% 0.3% 4.3% 4.6%

California Hawaii North Carolina Delaware Connecticut Maine Alaska Idaho South Carolina Washington New Mexico Maryland Georgia Oregon Vermont New Hampshire Alabama Louisiana Arkansas Mississippi Tennessee Oklahoma Virginia Nevada Kentucky Montana West Virginia Wisconsin New York Ohio Arizona Indiana Utah Rhode Island Florida Wyoming Massachusetts Michigan New Jersey Iowa Minnesota Missouri Pennsylvania Illinois Kansas Colorado Texas South Dakota Nebraska North Dakota District of Columbia United States

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of Economic Analysis

Rank State

TABLE 8

West Virginia ranks 27th in growth of per capita personal income from 2023 to 2024.

TABLE 9

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH BY STATE IN CURRENT DOLLARS (2024) West Viriginia ranks 29th in growth of GDP from 2023 to 2024.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis

State

2024 GDP (In Millions)

% of US 2024 GDP

2023 GDP (In Millions)

% Change 2023-24

Arizona $570,089 1.9% $530,105 7.5% Delaware $110,972 0.4% $103,333 7.4% South Carolina $357,074 1.2% $332,947 7.2% Idaho $129,018 0.4% $120,588 7.0% Washington $856,014 2.9% $801,456 6.8% New York $2,322,139 7.9% $2,182,549 6.4% Florida $1,726,710 5.9% $1,624,642 6.3% North Carolina $844,209 2.9% $794,838 6.2% New Mexico $147,085 0.5% $138,526 6.2% Nevada $269,011 0.9% $253,443 6.1% Maryland $546,028 1.9% $515,036 6.0% Maine $99,174 0.3% $93,744 5.8% California $4,048,108 13.8% $3,827,007 5.8% Arkansas $188,340 0.6% $178,115 5.7% Utah $299,471 1.0% $283,231 5.7% Tennessee $561,201 1.9% $531,247 5.6% Massachusetts $778,523 2.7% $737,867 5.5% Georgia $881,508 3.0% $835,755 5.5% Virginia $761,734 2.6% $722,767 5.4% Vermont $46,276 0.2% $43,932 5.3% Rhode Island $80,381 0.3% $76,314 5.3% Hawaii $117,627 0.4% $111,740 5.3% Alabama $325,345 1.1% $309,544 5.1% Minnesota $507,688 1.7% $483,222 5.1% Texas $2,769,766 9.5% $2,637,238 5.0% Montana $78,441 0.3% $74,690 5.0% Iowa $265,795 0.9% $253,167 5.0% Wisconsin $453,299 1.5% $431,914 5.0% West Virginia $106,475 0.4% $101,480 4.9% Alaska $71,567 0.2% $68,233 4.9% Oregon $330,250 1.1% $314,895 4.9% New Jersey $846,000 2.9% $806,894 4.8% Missouri $448,714 1.5% $428,887 4.6% Colorado $557,633 1.9% $533,269 4.6% Indiana $519,517 1.8% $496,850 4.6% Ohio $923,141 3.2% $883,957 4.4% Mississippi $158,192 0.5% $151,512 4.4% Connecticut $356,835 1.2% $341,852 4.4% Illinois $1,148,106 3.9% $1,100,794 4.3% New Hampshire $119,337 0.4% $114,428 4.3% Pennsylvania $1,007,874 3.4% $966,444 4.3% Kentucky $295,375 1.0% $283,268 4.3% Michigan $702,467 2.4% $676,031 3.9% Louisiana $329,173 1.1% $318,044 3.5% South Dakota $76,796 0.3% $74,459 3.1% Oklahoma $263,695 0.9% $255,933 3.0% Nebraska $189,243 0.6% $183,781 3.0% North Dakota $80,058 0.3% $77,898 2.8% Kansas $230,522 0.8% $224,851 2.5% Wyoming $51,498 0.2% $51,350 0.3% District of Columbia $184,298 0.6% $174,251 United States $29,298,013 $27,811,517

Rank

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

EXPORTS PER CAPITA (2024)

Rank State Per Capita

Louisiana Texas Kentucky Indiana Alaska Oregon Washington North Dakota South Carolina Illinois Michigan New Mexico Tennessee Iowa Alabama Utah New Hampshire Massachusetts Kansas Ohio Georgia Connecticut Mississippi California Wisconsin New York Minnesota New Jersey Delaware Arizona Nebraska Pennsylvania North Carolina Wyoming Nevada Missouri Florida Vermont Maryland Rhode Island West Virginia Virginia South Dakota Arkansas Maine Idaho Montana Oklahoma Colorado Hawaii District of Columbia United States

$18,912 $14,542 $10,412 $8,646 $8,015 $7,973 $7,260 $6,944 $6,941 $6,358 $6,071 $5,634 $5,389 $5,237 $5,203 $5,198 $5,055 $4,885 $4,836 $4,761 $4,752 $4,730 $4,652 $4,650 $4,616 $4,593 $4,585 $4,519 $4,474 $4,250 $4,069 $4,067 $3,877 $3,519 $3,171 $3,105 $3,088 $2,876 $2,851 $2,764 $2,744 $2,472 $2,285 $2,232 $2,179 $2,123 $2,085 $1,891 $1,763 $319 $3,871 $6,072

$86,951 $455,031 $47,774 $59,868 $5,933 $34,062 $57,776 $5,531 $38,027 $80,817 $61,563 $12,002 $38,948 $16,974 $26,835 $18,213 $7,123 $34,863 $14,366 $56,579 $53,133 $17,382 $13,690 $183,343 $27,514 $91,243 $26,561 $42,932 $4,706 $32,223 $8,161 $53,187 $42,824 $2,068 $10,361 $19,389 $72,168 $1,865 $17,855 $3,075 $4,857 $21,780 $2,113 $6,894 $3,062 $4,249 $2,371 $7,746 $10,504 $461 $2,718 $2,065,180

Rank

4 1 13 8 39 19 9 40 17 5 7 32 16 29 22 26 37 18 30 10 12 28 31 2 21 3 23 14 42 20 35 11 15 48 34 25 6 49 27 44 41 24 47 38 45 43 46 36 33 50

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Total (Millions of Dollars)

TABLE 10

West Virginia ranks 41st in exports per capita and 41st in total exports (measured in millions of dollars).

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

TABLE 11

OPENING & CLOSING RATES OF ESTABLISHMENTS (Q1 2024-Q4 2024) West Virginia ranks 11th in both average quarterly entry rates of establishments and average quarterly exit rates of establishments. Rank State

Average Quarterly Entry Rate

Average Quarterly Exit Rate Rank

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 27 29 30 30 32 33 34 34 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 47 49 50

9.7% 8.5% 7.9% 7.7% 6.9% 6.8% 6.7% 6.6% 6.6% 6.6% 6.4% 6.3% 6.3% 6.3% 6.2% 6.2% 6.2% 6.2% 6.1% 6.1% 6.1% 6.0% 6.0% 6.0% 5.9% 5.8% 5.8% 5.8% 5.7% 5.7% 5.7% 5.7% 5.6% 5.6% 5.6% 5.6% 5.6% 5.6% 5.6% 5.5% 5.5% 5.5% 5.4% 5.4% 5.3% 5.3% 5.3% 5.3% 5.1% 5.1% 5.0% 5.8%

9.4% 8.7% 7.8% 7.5% 6.8% 7.0% 6.3% 6.5% 6.4% 6.2% 6.3% 6.8% 6.1% 6.2% 6.0% 6.2% 6.5% 6.1% 6.1% 5.8% 5.8% 6.1% 5.9% 6.1% 5.7% 5.7% 5.4% 5.5% 5.3% 5.5% 5.7% 5.6% 5.6% 5.5% 5.5% 5.7% 5.5% 5.4% 5.2% 5.5% 5.7% 5.3% 5.5% 5.1% 5.3% 5.2% 5.5% 5.2% 5.1% 4.9% 5.4% 5.7%

Alaska Wyoming Montana Idaho Maine Vermont Rhode Island North Dakota Arizona Utah West Virginia Colorado Maryland South Carolina South Dakota California Oregon Delaware New Hampshire Florida Louisiana New Mexico Nevada Mississippi Georgia Oklahoma New York Virginia Washington Kansas North Carolina Alabama Missouri Connecticut Nebraska Iowa New Jersey Tennessee Texas Minnesota Michigan Arkansas Kentucky Hawaii Indiana Ohio Massachusetts Wisconsin Illinois Pennsylvania District of Columbia United States

1 2 3 4 7 5 11 8 10 13 11 6 20 15 21 13 9 18 18 24 23 16 22 16 25 28 40 38 42 35 27 30 31 32 39 25 36 41 45 32 28 44 37 48 43 47 32 46 48 50

CENSUS ESTIMATES OF STATE AND LOCAL TAXES (2023)

Per Capita Burden

Burden per $1,000 PI Rank

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 43 45 46 47 48 49 50

$12,536 $9,912 $9,768 $9,444 $9,254 $9,156 $8,972 $8,970 $8,479 $8,372 $8,193 $8,063 $7,892 $7,786 $7,779 $7,624 $7,532 $7,251 $7,067 $6,889 $6,884 $6,820 $6,667 $6,626 $6,493 $6,401 $6,305 $6,057 $5,990 $5,890 $5,884 $5,867 $5,811 $5,786 $5,704 $5,472 $5,432 $5,428 $5,346 $5,324 $5,322 $5,300 $5,233 $5,233 $5,060 $5,046 $5,036 $4,972 $4,951 $4,874 $15,257 $7,083

$157.25 2 $136.71 4 $151.35 3 $107.55 15 $115.49 9 $102.95 19 $113.37 11 $164.31 1 $129.30 5 $118.81 6 $111.35 12 $101.01 24 $110.23 14 $99.17 28 $117.38 7 $115.60 8 $107.19 16 $113.63 10 $97.96 31 $104.37 17 $102.22 22 $86.28 44 $95.41 32 $102.86 20 $103.72 18 $99.14 29 $100.18 26 $95.13 33 $99.31 27 $92.54 36 $98.03 30 $102.46 21 $88.78 42 $75.01 49 $110.78 13 $101.18 23 $91.05 38 $89.26 39 $89.23 40 $93.02 35 $74.24 50 $86.68 43 $77.43 48 $92.36 37 $85.95 45 $82.36 46 $89.09 41 $93.33 34 $81.00 47 $100.50 25 $145.54 $103.60

New York North Dakota Hawaii Connecticut New Jersey Massachusetts California New Mexico Vermont Illinois Maryland Wyoming Minnesota Washington Delaware Oregon Alaska Maine Virginia Rhode Island Pennsylvania Colorado Nebraska Kansas Iowa Nevada Utah Wisconsin Indiana Montana Ohio Louisiana Texas New Hampshire West Virginia Kentucky Michigan North Carolina Oklahoma Arkansas South Dakota Missouri Florida Georgia Idaho Arizona South Carolina Alabama Tennessee Mississippi District of Columbia United States

Source: Federation of Tax Administrators

Rank State

TABLE 12

West Virginia ranks 35th in per capita burden of taxes and 13th in burden per $1,000 in personal income.

Source: Council on State Taxation (COST): State and Local Business Taxes Report

TABLE 13

BUSINESS TAXES PER EMPLOYEE AS A SHARE OF ALL TAXES AND GSP (FY 2023) West Virginia ranks 11th in business taxes per employee, 8th in the percentage of the private sector as a share of gross state product (GSP), and 13th in business taxes as a percentage of total taxes. Rank State

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 11 11 11 15 16 17 18 19 19 19 22 23 23 23 23 27 27 27 30 31 32 33 33 33 36 37 37 39 40 40 40 43 44 44 46 47 47 49 50

Business Taxes per Employee

Alaska $18,100 New Mexico $17,800 North Dakota $16,900 Wyoming $16,800 New York $13,700 Vermont $11,800 Delaware $11,500 Hawaii $10,900 Maine $10,400 Washington $10,100 West Virginia $9,600 Illinois $9,600 Texas $9,600 California $9,600 Nevada $9,100 New Jersey $8,900 Louisiana $8,600 Colorado $8,100 Minnesota $8,000 Virginia $8,000 Connecticut $8,000 South Dakota $7,800 Mississippi $7,700 Rhode Island $7,700 Oklahoma $7,700 Oregon $7,700 Florida $7,500 Kansas $7,500 Nebraska $7,500 Montana $7,400 Pennsylvania $7,200 Massachusetts $7,100 South Carolina $7,000 New Hampshire $7,000 Maryland $7,000 Tennessee $6,900 Alabama $6,800 Iowa $6,800 Ohio $6,400 Arkansas $6,200 Kentucky $6,200 Arizona $6,200 Georgia $5,900 Idaho $5,700 Utah $5,700 Wisconsin $5,500 Indiana $5,300 North Carolina $5,300 Michigan $5,100 Missouri $5,000 District of Columbia $10,600 United States $8,200

% of Private Sector % Of GSP Rank All Taxes Rank

8.2% 5 12.1% 1 8.9% 2 8.4% 3 5.9% 10 8.4% 3 5.6% 12 6.6% 7 7.2% 6 4.5% 29 6.4% 8 5.3% 13 5.0% 17 4.5% 29 5.9% 10 4.7% 23 5.3% 13 4.5% 29 4.9% 20 4.7% 23 4.0% 38 4.7% 23 6.1% 9 5.2% 15 5.0% 17 4.9% 20 4.7% 23 4.7% 23 4.2% 36 5.2% 15 4.6% 28 3.6% 44 5.0% 17 4.3% 34 4.0% 38 4.3% 34 4.8% 22 4.2% 36 4.0% 38 4.5% 29 4.5% 29 3.9% 42 3.5% 46 4.0% 38 3.6% 44 3.9% 42 3.4% 48 3.4% 48 3.4% 48 3.5% 46 4.8% 4.7%

75.1% 63.3% 73.6% 73.2% 43.7% 56.0% 56.6% 39.0% 50.9% 49.6% 50.6% 47.5% 59.7% 42.6% 54.9% 35.5% 50.3% 48.8% 42.8% 43.8% 32.9% 58.3% 49.9% 41.2% 47.5% 38.3% 53.8% 44.5% 46.5% 44.7% 41.6% 35.9% 48.7% 49.9% 29.7% 54.8% 46.8% 42.3% 42.8% 41.3% 42.0% 40.1% 41.4% 39.7% 39.5% 38.6% 36.8% 37.1% 34.6% 37.9% 53.3% 44.7%

1 4 2 3 27 8 7 40 12 17 13 20 5 30 9 47 14 18 28 26 49 6 15 36 20 42 11 25 23 24 33 46 19 15 50 10 22 31 28 35 32 37 34 38 39 41 45 44 48 43

TOP INCOME TAX BRACKET BY STATE (April 1, 2026)

Rank State Top Rate

California Hawaii New York New Jersey Oregon Minnesota Massachusetts Vermont Wisconsin Maine Connecticut Delaware Maryland South Carolina Rhode Island New Mexico Virginia Montana Kansas Idaho Georgia Alabama Illinois West Virginia Missouri Nebraska Oklahoma Utah Colorado Michigan Mississippi North Carolina Arkansas Iowa Kentucky Pennsylvania Louisiana Indiana Ohio Arizona North Dakota Alaska Florida Nevada New Hampshire South Dakota Tennessee Texas Washington Wyoming District of Columbia

13.30% 11.00% 10.90% 10.75% 9.90% 9.85% 9.00% 8.75% 7.65% 7.15% 6.99% 6.60% 6.50% 6.00% 5.99% 5.90% 5.75% 5.65% 5.58% 5.30% 5.19% 5.00% 4.95% 4.82% 4.70% 4.55% 4.50% 4.50% 4.40% 4.25% 4.00% 3.99% 3.90% 3.80% 3.50% 3.07% 3.00% 2.95% 2.75% 2.50% 2.50% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 10.75%

2.00% 6.80% 5.40% 2.45% 8.75% 6.80% 5.00% 3.35% 4.40% 5.80% 4.50% 5.55% 4.75% 6.00% 3.75% 4.70% 5.75% 4.70% 5.58% 5.30% 5.19% 5.00% 4.95% 4.44% 4.70% 4.55% 4.50% 4.50% 4.40% 4.25% 4.00% 3.99% 3.90% 3.80% 3.50% 3.07% 3.00% 2.95% 2.75% 2.50% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 6.50%

40 2 9 39 1 2 12 33 24 5 20 8 15 4 31 16 6 16 7 10 11 12 14 23 16 19 20 20 24 26 27 28 29 30 32 34 35 36 37 38 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41

Source: Tax Foundation

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 27 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 40 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42

Married Rate at $50,000 Rank

TABLE 14

West Virginia has the 24th highest top personal income-tax bracket, and the 23rd highest bracket for married individuals making $50,000 per year.

Source: U.S. Census 2023

TABLE 15

TOP CORPORATE NET INCOME TAX BRACKET BY STATE (2026) West Virginia has the 21st highest corporate income -ax bracket, and the 20th highest bracket for companies with $500,000 in revenue. Rank State Top Rate

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 18 20 21 21 21 24 25 25 27 28 28 30 31 32 32 32 35 35 37 38 39 40 41 42 42 44 45 45 45 45 45 45

New Jersey 11.50% Minnesota 9.80% Illinois 9.50% Alaska 9.40% Maine 8.93% California 8.84% Delaware 8.70% Vermont 8.50% Connecticut 8.25% Maryland 8.25% Massachusetts 8.00% Wisconsin 7.90% Oregon 7.60% New Hampshire 7.50% Pennsylvania 7.49% New York 7.25% Iowa 7.10% Kansas 7.00% Rhode Island 7.00% Montana 6.75% Alabama 6.50% Tennessee 6.50% West Virginia 6.50% Hawaii 6.40% Michigan 6.00% Virginia 6.00% New Mexico 5.90% Florida 5.50% Louisiana 5.50% Idaho 5.30% Georgia 5.19% Kentucky 5.00% Mississippi 5.00% South Carolina 5.00% Arizona 4.90% Indiana 4.90% Nebraska 4.55% Utah 4.50% Colorado 4.40% North Dakota 4.31% Arkansas 4.30% Missouri 4.00% Oklahoma 4.00% North Carolina 2.00% Nevada 0.00% Ohio 0.00% South Dakota 0.00% Texas 0.00% Washington 0.00% Wyoming 0.00% District of Columbia 8.25%

Rate at $500,000

9.00% 9.80% 9.50% 9.40% 7.93% 8.84% 8.70% 8.50% 7.50% 8.25% 8.00% 7.90% 6.60% 7.50% 7.49% 6.50% 7.10% 7.00% 7.00% 6.75% 6.50% 6.50% 6.50% 6.40% 6.00% 6.00% 5.90% 5.50% 5.50% 5.30% 5.19% 5.00% 5.00% 5.00% 4.90% 4.90% 4.55% 4.50% 4.40% 4.31% 4.30% 4.00% 4.00% 2.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 8.25%

Rank

4 1 2 3 10 5 6 7 12 8 9 11 19 12 14 20 15 16 16 18 20 20 20 24 25 25 27 28 28 30 31 32 32 32 35 35 37 38 39 40 41 42 42 44 45 45 45 45 45 45

Note: Some states have scheduled changes to their corporate net income tax rates in the near future. For instance, Georgia’s corporate income tax rate is set to revert to 6% on January 1, 2026. Similarly, Nebraska’s corporate income tax rate is scheduled to increase to 7.3% in 2026.

SALES TAX RATES BY STATE (2026)

Rank State

California 7.25% Indiana 7.00% Mississippi 7.00% Rhode Island 7.00% Tennessee 7.00% Minnesota 6.88% Nevada 6.85% New Jersey 6.63% Arkansas 6.50% Kansas 6.50% Washington 6.50% Connecticut 6.35% Illinois 6.25% Massachusetts 6.25% Texas 6.25% Utah 6.10% Florida 6.00% Idaho 6.00% Iowa 6.00% Kentucky 6.00% Maryland 6.00% Michigan 6.00% Pennsylvania 6.00% South Carolina 6.00% Vermont 6.00% West Virginia 6.00% Ohio 5.75% Arizona 5.60% Maine 5.50% Nebraska 5.50% Virginia 5.30% Louisiana 5.00% North Dakota 5.00% Wisconsin 5.00% New Mexico 4.88% North Carolina 4.75% Oklahoma 4.50% Missouri 4.23% South Dakota 4.20% Alabama 4.00% Georgia 4.00% Hawaii 4.00% New York 4.00% Wyoming 4.00% Colorado 2.90% Alaska 0.00% Delaware 0.00% Montana 0.00% New Hampshire 0.00% Oregon 0.00% District of Columbia 6.00%

Average Local Tax Rate Rank

Combined Rate

1.74% 20 0.00% 38 0.06% 36 0.00% 38 2.61% 13 1.26% 27 1.39% 25 -0.02% 50 2.96% 9 2.19% 15 3.01% 8 0.00% 38 2.71% 12 0.00% 38 1.95% 17 1.32% 26 0.98% 28 0.03% 37 0.94% 29 0.00% 38 0.00% 38 0.00% 38 0.34% 35 1.49% 23 0.39% 34 0.59% 31 1.54% 22 2.92% 10 0.00% 38 1.48% 24 0.47% 33 5.11% 2 2.09% 16 0.72% 30 2.79% 11 2.25% 14 4.56% 4 4.22% 6 1.91% 18 5.46% 1 3.49% 7 0.50% 32 4.54% 5 1.56% 21 4.99% 3 1.82% 19 0.00% 38 0.00% 38 0.00% 38 0.00% 38 0.00%

8.99% 7.00% 7.06% 7.00% 9.61% 8.14% 8.24% 6.60% 9.46% 8.69% 9.51% 6.35% 8.96% 6.25% 8.20% 7.42% 6.98% 6.03% 6.94% 6.00% 6.00% 6.00% 6.34% 7.49% 6.39% 6.59% 7.29% 8.52% 5.50% 6.98% 5.77% 10.11% 7.09% 5.72% 7.67% 7.00% 9.06% 8.44% 6.11% 9.46% 7.49% 4.50% 8.54% 5.56% 7.89% 1.82% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 6.00%

Rank

7 24 23 24 2 15 13 30 4 9 3 33 8 35 14 20 27 37 29 38 38 38 34 18 32 31 21 11 44 27 41 1 22 42 17 26 6 12 36 4 18 45 10 43 16 46 47 47 47 47

Source: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy

1 2 2 2 2 6 7 8 9 9 9 12 13 13 13 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 27 28 29 29 31 32 32 32 35 36 37 38 39 40 40 40 40 40 45 46 46 46 46 46

State Tax Rate

TABLE 16

West Virginia is tied for the 17th highest state sales tax rate and ranks 31st for both the average local rate and the combined sales tax rank.

Source: American Petroleum Institute

TABLE 17

MOTOR FUEL TAXES (July 2025) West Virginia ranks 35th in gasoline tax and 33rd in diesel tax, measured by cents per gallon.* Rank State

Gasoline Tax

Diesel Tax

Rank

1 2 3 4 5 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

8.95 18.50 18.88 19.00 20.00 20.00 20.93 21.40 23.00 23.03 23.81 23.83 24.00 24.87 25.00 25.00 25.04 26.40 27.40 27.47 28.75 29.18 29.99 30.00 30.00 31.00 31.39 31.40 31.90 32.70 32.90 33.00 33.75 33.85 35.70 38.50 39.15 39.40 40.00 40.55 41.12 41.60 44.95 46.19 48.20 54.50 58.70 59.04 66.40 70.92 35.30

8.95 18.50 22.88 19.00 20.00 20.00 20.93 21.40 22.00 23.03 27.75 23.83 24.00 23.07 28.80 48.90 27.03 23.40 28.40 27.47 28.75 34.68 29.99 32.50 30.00 32.75 33.00 31.87 31.90 32.10 32.90 33.00 30.50 37.85 35.70 47.00 39.15 40.27 40.00 40.55 41.12 42.70 51.95 46.94 49.90 62.00 74.10 62.04 73.90 87.32 35.30

1 2 9 3 4 4 6 7 8 10 17 13 14 11 20 43 15 12 18 16 19 32 21 27 22 28 30 24 25 26 29 30 23 34 33 42 35 37 36 38 39 40 45 41 44 46 49 47 48 50

Alaska Hawaii New Mexico Arizona Oklahoma Texas Louisiana Mississippi Delaware North Dakota Nevada New Hampshire Wyoming New York Arkansas Connecticut Kansas Kentucky Tennessee Massachusetts South Carolina Colorado Missouri Iowa South Dakota Alabama Vermont Maine Minnesota Nebraska Wisconsin Idaho Montana Georgia West Virginia Ohio Utah Florida Oregon North Carolina Rhode Island Virginia New Jersey Maryland Michigan Indiana Pennsylvania Washington Illinois California District of Columbia

*Includes all state taxes on fuels

CNBC TOP STATES FOR BUSINESS RANKINGS (July 2026)

Economy

Infrastructure

Workforce

Cost of Doing Business

Business Friendliness

Quality of Life

Technology & Innovation

Education

Access to Capital

Cost of Living

Ovrall

Ohio North Carolina Virginia Texas Minnesota Michigan Georgia Florida Tennessee Indiana Washington Illinois Pennsylvania Arizona Massachusetts Utah California New York Iowa Wyoming Alabama Wisconsin Connecticut South Carolina Colorado Nebraska Kentucky Arkansas North Dakota Idaho New Jersey Delaware Nevada New Hampshire Maine Maryland Kansas Missouri Oklahoma Vermont New Mexico Oregon Mississippi South Dakota Montana West Virginia Louisiana Rhode Island Alaska Hawaii

9 1 23 2 8 24 17 11 11 27 5 29 21 22 16 13 3 4 37 14 31 10 34 6 28 26 37 20 42 14 31 7 19 43 39 49 46 29 41 35 33 39 36 45 18 48 47 50 44 24

1 13 2 12 7 9 5 32 6 4 16 3 11 8 24 28 26 13 15 37 10 24 29 27 32 36 17 23 34 45 41 41 20 43 47 17 31 21 21 37 29 17 34 44 48 40 39 46 49 50

35 3 10 1 27 21 9 2 7 32 6 31 39 4 26 5 17 50 38 36 14 29 25 8 10 18 22 13 46 16 19 12 22 15 33 30 39 49 42 33 20 24 48 47 36 44 45 28 41 43

1 20 26 5 31 4 11 15 9 2 47 23 17 35 49 25 46 41 8 29 20 11 40 31 38 17 10 17 22 28 38 41 34 36 23 44 15 5 3 37 29 43 13 14 33 27 7 44 47 50

16 8 11 23 16 27 21 33 7 10 40 44 42 13 27 5 47 49 14 2 24 26 21 38 29 9 32 31 1 12 50 46 15 6 24 33 3 38 18 18 35 43 36 3 40 30 48 37 20 45

18 34 7 49 4 15 46 30 50 48 12 22 17 36 10 45 29 19 20 24 43 40 5 36 14 10 30 41 9 28 3 21 39 7 2 12 36 44 41 1 32 22 26 33 35 24 46 16 26 6

10 8 6 3 14 17 15 10 20 16 4 12 5 25 8 26 1 2 23 36 22 30 19 28 6 45 29 36 42 34 20 27 38 45 38 13 32 24 30 48 40 18 43 50 35 44 32 40 47 49

23 12 5 32 10 29 13 29 45 25 37 7 17 43 1 45 20 7 23 2 41 13 4 19 37 20 25 36 11 47 2 43 49 9 5 16 13 37 48 22 32 34 41 28 18 25 29 40 50 34

9 5 10 2 21 13 8 4 15 20 11 12 7 18 6 22 1 3 39 35 27 26 23 31 17 37 31 27 45 40 13 25 23 41 43 15 34 19 33 42 37 27 35 46 46 49 27 48 50 44

9 35 15 30 22 11 35 48 15 6 41 41 11 33 39 26 50 41 6 5 3 15 44 37 49 29 14 19 2 22 39 15 37 26 28 30 6 10 19 21 33 45 11 3 30 1 22 45 22 47

Source: CNBC

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 23 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

TABLE 18

West Virginia’s ranking in the CNBC Best States for Business dropped to 46th in 2026 from 40th in the 2025 rankings.

Source: Minnesota Taxpayers Association/Lincoln Institute of Land Policy

TABLE 19

EFFECTIVE PROPERTY TAX RATE ON A PRIMARY RESIDENCE IN THE STATE’S LARGEST CITY (Payable 2024) Charleston, West Virginia is 47th in median home value. When applying the tax rate to the 2024 median home value, Charleston is the 2nd lowest in the nation. City

2022 Median Home Value

Tax on Median Rank

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

$919,900 $899,300 $898,600 $743,000 $703,600 $626,500 $570,300 $566,400 $515,800 $494,400 $491,800 $443,300 $441,300 $434,200 $433,500 $413,800 $403,500 $400,200 $385,900 $384,200 $369,300 $359,900 $355,600 $346,500 $340,800 $318,900 $312,400 $309,900 $307,100 $306,400 $302,500 $300,100 $282,700 $282,400 $265,800 $255,500 $248,100 $246,600 $243,200 $241,900 $241,600 $238,400 $233,900 $228,600 $198,100 $194,700 $187,300 $183,700 $110,600 $86,400 $715,500 $381,800

$10,952 $2,683 $6,898 $9,279 $3,445 $3,253 $14,787 $2,930 $2,546 $6,341 $3,005 $3,714 $4,274 $4,939 $2,519 $2,904 $8,569 $9,268 $4,272 $2,879 $5,459 $3,093 $4,445 $2,523 $2,175 $4,791 $4,486 $1,673 $5,958 $2,674 $3,730 $4,248 $3,459 $3,802 $2,725 $4,548 $3,257 $2,095 $3,330 $5,182 $2,734 $2,870 $2,787 $2,706 $2,193 $3,314 $1,616 $3,271 $1,403 $2,609 $5,001 $4,223

Los Angeles, CA Honolulu, HI Seattle, WA New York City, NY Boston, MA Denver, CO Portland, OR Salt Lake City, UT Charleston, SC Portland, ME Boise, ID Atlanta, GA Phoenix, AZ Las Vegas, NV Nashville, TN Charlotte, NC Newark, NJ Burlington, VT Anchorage, AK Virginia Beach, VA Manchester, NH Providence, RI Minneapolis, MN Billings, MT Cheyenne, WY Chicago, IL Jacksonville, FL Huntsville, AL Bridgeport, CT New Orleans, LA Sioux Falls, SD Albuquerque, NM Fargo, ND Houston, TX Columbus, OH Omaha, NE Oklahoma City, OK Philadelphia, PA Kansas City, MO Baltimore, MD Little Rock, AR Indianapolis, IN Louisville, KY Wilmington, DE Wichita, KS Des Moines, IA Charleston, WV Milwaukee, WI Jackson, MS Detroit, MI District of Columbia U.S. Average

49 12 45 48 28 23 50 20 9 44 21 30 35 40 7 19 46 47 34 18 42 22 36 8 5 39 37 3 43 11 31 33 29 32 14 38 24 4 27 41 15 17 16 13 6 26 2 25 1 10

EFFECTIVE PROPERTY TAX RATE ON A COMMERCIAL PROPERTY IN THE STATE’S LARGEST CITY (Payable 2024)

Rank

City

Detroit, MI Chicago, IL Providence, RI Des Moines, IA Baltimore, MD Kansas City, MO Jackson, MS Portland, OR Indianapolis, IN Minneapolis, MN Wichita, KS Bridgeport, CT Burlington, VT Philadelphia, PA Denver, CO Boston, MA Houston, TX Milwaukee, WI Charleston, SC Columbus, OH Charleston, WV Omaha, NE Newark, NJ New Orleans, LA Albuquerque, NM Phoenix, AZ Jacksonville, FL Atlanta, GA Anchorage, AK Huntsville, AL Oklahoma City, OK New York City, NY Portland, ME Little Rock, AR Louisville, KY Manchester, NH Los Angeles, CA Sioux Falls, SD Las Vegas, NV Fargo, ND Honolulu, HI Nashville, TN Salt Lake City, UT Billings, MT Boise, ID Virginia Beach, VA Wilmington, DE Seattle, WA Charlotte, NC Cheyenne, WY District of Columbia U.S. Average *$25 Million land and building

ETR

Net Tax

3.996% 3.620% 3.284% 2.898% 2.823% 2.750% 2.745% 2.593% 2.550% 2.494% 2.387% 2.309% 2.261% 2.135% 2.106% 2.106% 1.997% 1.964% 1.937% 1.909% 1.856% 1.838% 1.770% 1.714% 1.685% 1.676% 1.669% 1.505% 1.452% 1.442% 1.420% 1.418% 1.376% 1.366% 1.283% 1.232% 1.200% 1.187% 1.131% 1.121% 1.052% 0.937% 0.928% 0.914% 0.896% 0.873% 0.846% 0.785% 0.711% 0.599% 1.774% 1.788%

$1,198,726 $1,086,072 $985,196 $869,482 $846,821 $824,901 $823,359 $777,855 $764,875 $748,295 $716,003 $692,810 $678,422 $640,522 $631,803 $631,750 $599,116 $589,290 $581,040 $572,811 $556,902 $551,490 $530,899 $514,183 $505,459 $502,656 $500,792 $451,568 $435,592 $432,680 $425,872 $425,356 $412,775 $409,675 $384,750 $369,573 $359,907 $356,083 $339,294 $336,384 $315,580 $281,243 $278,342 $274,204 $268,862 $261,875 $253,662 $235,416 $213,322 $179,692 $532,273 $536,410

Source: Minnesota Taxpayers Association/Lincoln Institute of Land Policy

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

TABLE 20

Charleston, West Virginia has the 21st highest effective tax rate and net tax on a commercial property.*

Source: Minnesota Taxpayers Association/Lincoln Institute of Land Policy

TABLE 21

EFFECTIVE PROPERTY TAX RATE ON A INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY IN THE STATE’S LARGEST CITY (Payable 2024) Charleston, West Virginia has the 9th highest effective tax rate and net tax on an industrial property.* Rank

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 40 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

City

ETR

Net Tax

Jackson, MS 2.807% $1,403,291 Charleston, SC 2.490% $1,245,120 Detroit, MI 2.215% $1,107,314 Kansas City, MO 2.176% $1,087,981 Indianapolis, IN 2.083% $1,041,562 Portland, OR 2.074% $1,037,140 Houston, TX 2.062% $1,030,854 Chicago, IL 2.010% $1,004,841 Charleston, WV 1.867% $933,410 New Orleans, LA 1.768% $883,783 Providence, RI 1.703% $851,696 Denver, CO 1.696% $847,989 Burlington, VT 1.560% $779,993 Anchorage, AK 1.535% $767,335 Oklahoma City, OK 1.533% $766,569 Omaha, NE 1.510% $754,876 Baltimore, MD 1.414% $707,023 Atlanta, GA 1.395% $697,328 Little Rock, AR 1.379% $689,675 Albuquerque, NM 1.379% $689,263 Minneapolis, MN 1.376% $688,115 Jacksonville, FL 1.345% $672,296 Philadelphia, PA 1.337% $668,555 Wichita, KS 1.289% $644,688 Boston, MA 1.264% $631,750 Bridgeport, CT 1.234% $616,773 Huntsville, AL 1.128% $564,050 Milwaukee, WI 1.080% $540,176 Phoenix, AZ 1.076% $537,761 Newark, NJ 1.062% $530,899 Des Moines, IA 1.048% $523,784 Columbus, OH 1.047% $523,453 Los Angeles, CA 0.960% $479,876 Nashville, TN 0.953% $476,483 Las Vegas, NV 0.908% $454,031 Billings, MT 0.856% $427,828 Portland, ME 0.751% $375,250 Salt Lake City, UT 0.747% $373,632 Manchester, NH 0.739% $369,573 Boise, ID 0.721% $360,328 Louisville, KY 0.721% $360,575 Sioux Falls, SD 0.712% $356,083 Fargo, ND 0.673% $336,384 Seattle, WA 0.645% $322,412 Honolulu, HI 0.631% $315,580 Charlotte, NC 0.578% $289,042 New York City, NY 0.532% $265,788 Wilmington, DE 0.507% $253,662 Cheyenne, WY 0.464% $231,752 Virginia Beach, VA 0.444% $221,875 District of Columbia 1.745% $872,273 U.S. Average 1.3% $639,358 *Value: $25 million land & structures; $12.5M, Machinery & Equipment; $10M, Inventories; $2.5M, Fixtures

STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT FTE EMPLOYMENT (March 2024)

FTE’s/1,000 Residents

2024 Annual Payroll/FTE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

86.7 70.1 69.8 63.9 62.5 61.3 60.8 60.3 58.8 58.6 57.5 56.9 55.3 54.4 54.4 53.9 53.7 53.0 52.7 52.7 52.6 52.4 52.1 51.7 51.5 51.3 51.0 50.9 50.9 50.9 50.8 50.6 50.4 50.2 49.9 49.9 49.9 49.3 48.9 48.6 48.2 47.9 47.2 45.7 43.5 42.7 41.6 39.6 39.5 36.8 75.1 50.5

$65,450 32 $80,861 10 $59,820 43 $66,230 28 $65,405 33 $53,458 50 $89,425 3 $66,368 27 $74,160 16 $66,840 26 $54,649 47 $62,118 37 $76,225 14 $54,410 48 $54,408 49 $71,854 20 $82,056 8 $82,871 7 $58,515 45 $58,276 46 $62,919 36 $61,442 38 $95,472 2 $77,547 12 $75,676 15 $66,039 30 $70,099 23 $59,305 44 $67,508 25 $85,046 5 $61,061 39 $100,786 1 $85,535 4 $69,337 24 $85,034 6 $78,010 11 $73,002 19 $60,820 41 $66,123 29 $63,100 35 $61,055 40 $63,580 34 $70,170 22 $60,598 42 $73,091 18 $81,744 9 $73,824 17 $65,990 31 $71,646 21 $77,268 13 $104,146 $74,948

Wyoming Alaska Kansas Nebraska North Dakota Mississippi New York Iowa Vermont New Mexico West Virginia Alabama Colorado Arkansas Louisiana Virginia Maryland Oregon Oklahoma Kentucky Montana Maine Washington Minnesota Hawaii Texas Delaware Missouri North Carolina Connecticut South Dakota California Massachusetts Ohio New Jersey Illinois Utah South Carolina New Hampshire Georgia Tennessee Indiana Wisconsin Idaho Michigan Rhode Island Pennsylvania Florida Arizona Nevada District of Columbia United States

Rank

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Rank State

TABLE 22

West Virginia ranks 11th in full-time state and local employees per 1,000 residents and 47th in pay for state and local employees.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

TABLE 23

STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT FTE AVERAGE PAY (March 2024) West Virginia ranks 49th in the average salary for both full-time state employees and local government employees. Rank State

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

State Avg FTE Salary

California $104,125 Connecticut $98,276 Massachusetts $93,097 New York $91,991 Washington $88,676 Rhode Island $88,010 Vermont $87,800 Michigan $86,943 Alaska $86,640 Oregon $86,622 Minnesota $86,307 Illinois $86,264 New Jersey $85,072 Wisconsin $83,911 Pennsylvania $83,872 Utah $81,989 Iowa $81,633 Texas $80,146 Colorado $79,663 Virginia $79,467 Ohio $79,046 Maryland $78,749 Nevada $77,915 New Hampshire $77,540 Arizona $74,920 North Carolina $74,406 New Mexico $74,076 Indiana $73,799 Tennessee $72,880 Delaware $72,832 Alabama $71,607 Wyoming $71,115 Hawaii $70,851 South Dakota $70,653 North Dakota $70,559 Montana $70,535 Kentucky $68,884 Florida $67,934 South Carolina $67,645 Kansas $67,188 Georgia $66,531 Idaho $66,113 Oklahoma $66,091 Maine $65,258 Nebraska $64,214 Missouri $63,647 Louisiana $63,065 Mississippi $62,678 West Virginia $62,536 Arkansas $61,853 District of Columbia N/A United States $80,976

Local Avg FTE Salary

Rank

$99,685 1 $78,944 9 $82,228 7 $88,767 4 $99,145 2 $76,860 11 $66,346 22 $65,881 24 $75,623 13 $80,611 8 $74,082 15 $75,946 12 $85,020 5 $65,431 26 $69,974 17 $66,911 21 $60,866 34 $62,498 29 $74,670 14 $68,898 18 $66,334 23 $83,550 6 $77,054 10 $61,874 33 $70,403 16 $65,184 27 $62,443 30 $59,741 36 $57,547 41 $67,405 19 $57,390 42 $63,581 28 $91,546 3 $56,837 43 $62,307 31 $58,649 37 $52,955 46 $65,510 25 $57,701 40 $56,771 44 $62,048 32 $58,424 38 $55,319 45 $59,918 35 $67,035 20 $57,755 39 $50,737 47 $49,596 50 $49,710 49 $50,125 48 $104,146 $72,756

STATE OF THE TECH WORKFORCE (Cyberstates 2025)

Rank State

California 1,472,275 Texas 972,747 New York 577,624 Florida 546,449 Virginia 375,469 Washington 356,736 Illinois 328,975 North Carolina 323,422 Pennsylvania 312,537 Massachusetts 311,165 Georgia 306,962 New Jersey 300,555 Ohio 260,062 Colorado 259,394 Maryland 227,139 Michigan 220,061 Arizona 206,247 Minnesota 184,718 Missouri 156,802 Tennessee 145,637 Wisconsin 142,557 Oregon 139,857 Utah 129,230 Indiana 123,613 Connecticut 100,788 South Carolina 99,162 Alabama 97,442 Kentucky 70,542 Kansas 68,606 Iowa 67,019 Oklahoma 64,676 New Hampshire 57,031 Nevada 55,176 Nebraska 54,426 Louisiana 52,196 Arkansas 43,669 New Mexico 41,586 Idaho 40,807 Mississippi 32,508 Rhode Island 29,698 Maine 27,411 Delaware 24,121 West Virginia 23,060 Hawaii 22,530 Montana 18,815 Vermont 17,621 South Dakota 16,600 North Dakota 13,528 Alaska 10,539 Wyoming 7,733 District of Columbia 70,060 United States 9,607,925

Share of Total Employment Rank

8.2% 5 6.9% 11 5.9% 17 5.5% 20 8.9% 2 9.8% 1 5.4% 21 6.4% 12 5.1% 24 8.4% 4 6.2% 14 6.9% 10 4.6% 31 8.7% 3 8.0% 7 4.9% 26 6.4% 13 6.1% 15 5.2% 22 4.3% 33 4.7% 29 7.0% 9 7.4% 8 3.8% 37 5.9% 16 4.2% 34 4.4% 32 3.5% 43 4.7% 28 4.2% 35 3.6% 38 8.1% 6 3.5% 42 5.1% 23 2.6% 49 3.2% 45 4.7% 30 4.7% 27 2.7% 48 5.8% 18 4.2% 36 4.9% 25 3.2% 44 3.5% 41 3.6% 39 5.7% 19 3.5% 40 3.0% 47 3.1% 46 2.6% 50 9.1% 6.1%

Median Wage

$145,434 $111,463 $125,570 $102,908 $125,463 $145,443 $106,265 $111,787 $100,662 $133,792 $106,434 $125,503 $95,881 $119,244 $126,467 $96,150 $107,052 $109,857 $86,919 $92,255 $90,781 $119,581 $107,529 $84,112 $112,677 $89,698 $97,528 $81,847 $93,361 $91,693 $84,651 $110,434 $92,619 $96,803 $79,747 $84,220 $95,319 $90,105 $71,178 $109,357 $91,137 $111,613 $89,443 $97,642 $86,294 $96,638 $81,220 $84,100 $93,352 $77,012 $131,552 $112,667

Rank

2 13 5 21 7 1 20 11 22 3 19 6 28 9 4 27 18 15 40 33 36 8 17 44 10 38 24 46 30 34 42 14 32 25 48 43 29 37 50 16 35 12 39 23 41 26 47 45 31 49

Source: CompTIA: Cyberstates 2023 Report

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Net Tech Employment

TABLE 24

West Virginia ranks 43rd in employment in the technical sector, 44th in tech as a share of total employment, and 39th in the median wage for the tech workforce.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

TABLE 25

WAGES & PRODUCTIVITY OF PRODUCTION WORKERS IN MANUFACTURING (2021) West Virginia ranks 5th in wages per hour of production workers in manufacturing and 14th in productivity (measured as value added per hour in dollars) of production workers in manufacturing. Rank State

Wages Per Hour

Value Added Per Hour

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

$34.96 $32.96 $31.63 $31.06 $30.21 $29.82 $29.47 $29.27 $29.09 $28.96 $28.80 $28.69 $28.46 $28.26 $28.07 $27.98 $27.81 $27.70 $27.67 $27.40 $27.33 $27.26 $27.21 $27.16 $27.07 $26.99 $26.94 $26.94 $26.91 $26.85 $26.69 $26.68 $26.63 $26.58 $26.54 $26.51 $26.34 $26.02 $25.89 $25.75 $25.55 $25.12 $24.91 $24.79 $24.74 $24.50 $23.97 $23.93 $23.90 $23.43 $27.01 $27.21

$282.40 2 $405.09 1 $234.01 5 $117.34 49 $191.52 14 $167.08 29 $158.60 36 $139.24 46 $203.12 8 $141.49 43 $169.13 24 $216.97 6 $206.33 7 $160.98 33 $144.93 41 $199.50 10 $145.60 40 $189.45 16 $258.32 3 $139.53 45 $175.52 22 $156.32 38 $155.89 39 $192.62 13 $156.44 37 $168.90 25 $159.46 35 $200.38 9 $186.66 18 $166.96 30 $140.11 44 $196.74 11 $168.37 26 $130.01 47 $186.77 17 $195.17 12 $173.30 23 $167.93 27 $183.49 19 $161.70 32 $164.94 31 $190.77 15 $160.90 34 $245.81 4 $181.69 20 $179.71 21 $126.47 48 $143.95 42 $167.89 28 $99.9250 $113.14 $180.44

Wyoming Louisiana Connecticut Washington West Virginia Nevada Colorado Idaho Massachusetts Maine Oregon California Maryland Missouri Rhode Island New York New Hampshire New Jersey Texas Michigan Indiana Minnesota Kentucky Virginia Kansas Illinois Ohio South Carolina Montana Pennsylvania Wisconsin North Dakota Oklahoma Vermont Iowa Arizona Utah Tennessee New Mexico Florida Alabama Hawaii Georgia Delaware Nebraska North Carolina South Dakota Arkansas Mississippi Alaska District of Columbia United States

Rank

ANNUAL AVERAGE INVESTMENT PER EMPLOYEE IN MANUFACTURING (2021)

Rank State $/Employee Employees

Louisiana Wyoming Alaska New Mexico Texas Alabama Montana Delaware Tennessee Kentucky Iowa Idaho West Virginia Oklahoma North Carolina Illinois Arkansas Ohio Arizona Oregon South Carolina Kansas Utah Virginia Wisconsin New Jersey Georgia Indiana California Maryland Minnesota Mississippi Nebraska Michigan South Dakota Massachusetts Colorado Pennsylvania North Dakota Florida Connecticut Rhode Island Maine Missouri New Hampshire New York Washington Nevada Vermont Hawaii District of Columbia United States

$49,980 $44,141 $41,687 $25,575 $22,827 $22,341 $21,813 $21,016 $20,009 $19,909 $19,682 $18,514 $17,966 $16,255 $16,067 $15,863 $15,636 $15,397 $15,176 $15,171 $15,137 $15,104 $14,765 $14,682 $14,681 $14,667 $14,570 $14,232 $14,102 $14,027 $13,892 $13,833 $13,820 $12,739 $12,259 $12,211 $12,201 $12,199 $11,929 $11,908 $11,826 $11,493 $11,226 $11,199 $11,090 $10,995 $10,918 $10,252 $8,046 $6,803 $3,020 $15,523

109,188 9,548 11,079 23,357 759,565 252,670 18,017 25,265 317,973 231,746 210,469 60,842 43,791 114,815 418,556 496,131 149,202 637,736 146,821 166,028 220,967 152,916 131,590 229,018 451,577 203,285 359,176 486,431 1,081,500 93,461 297,876 139,113 94,225 557,086 43,947 228,720 122,103 512,076 25,600 305,166 144,162 37,236 48,579 263,469 63,366 373,231 249,525 47,164 28,912 10,501 1,203 11,205,980

$5,457,219 $421,462 $461,845 $597,364 $17,338,879 $5,644,930 $393,003 $530,964 $6,362,163 $4,613,792 $4,142,488 $1,126,399 $786,754 $1,866,369 $6,725,054 $7,870,243 $2,332,870 $9,818,916 $2,228,174 $2,518,837 $3,344,682 $2,309,672 $1,942,888 $3,362,490 $6,629,670 $2,981,681 $5,233,277 $6,922,929 $15,251,576 $1,310,977 $4,137,948 $1,924,334 $1,302,179 $7,096,899 $538,742 $2,792,833 $1,489,811 $6,246,716 $305,374 $3,633,848 $1,704,887 $427,964 $545,371 $2,950,524 $702,754 $4,103,688 $2,724,191 $483,516 $232,626 $71,434 $3,633 $173,946,839

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Machinery & Equipment Expenditures ( In Thousands)

TABLE 26

West Virginia ranks 13th in average investment per manufacturing employee measured in dollars.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

TABLE 27

UNION MEMBERS AS A SHARE OF EMPLOYMENT (2024) West Virginia ranks 23rd in 2024 and 26th in 2023 for share of employment held by union members. Rank

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 11 12 13 14 14 16 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 23 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 31 33 34 35 36 36 38 39 39 41 42 43 44 45 45 47 48 49 50

State

Hawaii New York Alaska Connecticut New Jersey Washington Oregon Massachusetts California Rhode Island Vermont Minnesota Michigan Illinois Maine Nevada Ohio Montana Pennsylvania Maryland New Hampshire Indiana Kentucky West Virginia Missouri Delaware Colorado New Mexico Nebraska Alabama Iowa Wisconsin Kansas Wyoming Oklahoma Mississippi Virginia Florida Idaho North Dakota Tennessee Texas Louisiana Georgia Arizona Utah Arkansas South Carolina South Dakota North Carolina District of Columbia United States

2024 Percent

26.5% 20.6% 17.7% 16.5% 16.2% 16.0% 15.9% 14.6% 14.5% 14.5% 14.3% 14.2% 13.4% 13.1% 13.1% 12.1% 12.1% 11.9% 11.7% 11.4% 9.2% 9.0% 8.8% 8.8% 8.6% 8.5% 7.7% 7.5% 6.8% 6.6% 6.4% 6.4% 6.3% 5.6% 5.3% 5.2% 5.2% 5.1% 5.0% 5.0% 4.7% 4.5% 3.9% 3.8% 3.7% 3.7% 3.5% 2.8% 2.7% 2.4% 10.6% 9.9%

2023 Percent

2023 Rank

24.1% 1 20.6% 2 14.8% 7 15.9% 5 16.1% 4 16.5% 3 14.1% 9 12.6% 14 15.4% 6 12.3% 17 14.3% 8 13.3% 10 12.8% 12 12.8% 12 9.2% 22 12.4% 16 12.5% 15 11.8% 18 12.9% 11 10.7% 19 9.3% 20 8.0% 27 8.8% 24 8.7% 26 9.3% 20 8.8% 24 6.9% 34 7.5% 28 7.3% 31 7.5% 28 7.2% 32 7.4% 30 8.9% 23 5.6% 38 6.8% 35 7.0% 33 4.3% 44 4.7% 40 4.5% 42 6.2% 36 6.0% 37 4.5% 42 4.3% 44 4.6% 41 4.2% 46 4.1% 47 5.1% 39 2.3% 50 3.6% 48 2.7% 49 9.1% 10.0%

UNION MEMBERSHIP – PUBLIC VS. PRIVATE (2024)

Rank

State

New York Connecticut Hawaii New Jersey Massachusetts Rhode Island Minnesota Oregon California Illinois Pennsylvania Vermont Washington Maine Alaska Ohio New Hampshire Michigan Montana Delaware Nevada Maryland Nebraska Florida West Virginia Colorado Indiana Missouri Iowa Alabama Wisconsin Kentucky Kansas New Mexico Oklahoma Idaho Texas Virginia Georgia Tennessee North Dakota Arizona Louisiana Utah South Dakota Wyoming Mississippi South Carolina Arkansas North Carolina District of Columbia United States

Public Percent

65.1% 61.2% 61.0% 59.3% 59.2% 53.6% 50.9% 49.6% 49.4% 48.4% 48.1% 43.9% 43.7% 43.6% 43.3% 39.0% 38.6% 37.7% 37.2% 36.6% 31.8% 28.8% 28.3% 23.0% 22.6% 22.0% 21.4% 20.7% 19.6% 19.2% 18.1% 17.2% 17.1% 16.9% 16.1% 16.0% 15.6% 14.0% 12.9% 12.9% 12.5% 12.3% 11.7% 11.5% 11.2% 10.9% 9.7% 9.6% 9.0% 7.2% 21.1% 32.2%

Private Percent

Rank

11.4% 2 8.2% 11 15.2% 1 9.7% 6 7.7% 16 8.5% 10 8.6% 9 9.7% 5 7.9% 13 7.8% 15 6.8% 20 8.0% 12 10.1% 4 7.6% 18 9.1% 7 7.9% 14 4.7% 27 10.4% 3 6.6% 21 3.4% 35 9.0% 8 5.2% 24 3.1% 37 2.7% 41 5.5% 23 4.7% 26 7.2% 19 6.4% 22 4.2% 29 4.4% 28 4.8% 25 7.6% 17 4.0% 32 4.2% 31 2.5% 42 3.0% 38 2.7% 40 2.7% 39 2.2% 46 3.2% 36 3.4% 34 2.4% 44 2.4% 45 2.1% 47 1.3% 50 3.8% 33 4.2% 30 1.5% 49 2.5% 43 1.6% 48 6.6% 5.9%

Source: Barry T. Hirsch and David A. Macpherson

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

TABLE 28

West Virginia is 25th in the percentage of public sector union membership, and 23rd in the percentage of private sector union membership.

Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration

TABLE 29

UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE TAXES (2024) West Virginia ranks 8th in rate of unemployment tax paid per total wages and ranks 24th in average amount paid per covered employee. Rank State

Taxes Paid as Percentage of Total Wages

Average Amount Per Covered Employee Rank

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 19 21 22 23 24 25 25 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 33 33 36 37 38 39 40 40 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

3.73% 3.40% 3.14% 3.00% 2.80% 2.77% 2.50% 2.38% 2.29% 2.21% 2.20% 2.12% 2.05% 2.03% 2.00% 1.87% 1.77% 1.53% 1.50% 1.50% 1.49% 1.31% 1.30% 1.28% 1.27% 1.27% 1.24% 1.20% 1.19% 1.14% 1.11% 1.10% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% 0.94% 0.89% 0.88% 0.87% 0.81% 0.81% 0.76% 0.74% 0.73% 0.70% 0.60% 0.59% 0.56% 0.52% 0.43% 2.30% 2.03%

$413 13 $421 12 $328 18 $507 9 $461 10 $340 15 $291 22 $284 24 $334 16 $715 3 $622 7 $218 28 $77 45 $314 20 $334 16 $800 1 $167 35 $435 11 $673 5 $605 8 $249 26 $149 38 $168 34 $219 27 $150 37 $655 6 $191 31 $178 33 $134 41 $363 14 $738 2 $257 25 $683 4 $80 44 $142 40 $312 21 $155 36 $323 19 $90 43 $291 22 $149 38 $183 32 $101 42 $49 49 $73 46 $209 30 $212 29 $60 47 $51 48 $34 50 $285 $286

Massachusetts Pennsylvania California New York Illinois Michigan Ohio West Virginia Connecticut New Jersey Rhode Island Kentucky Delaware Maine Vermont Oregon Texas Colorado Hawaii Nevada Wisconsin Maryland Indiana Oklahoma Louisiana Washington Georgia Kansas Arizona Montana New Mexico Wyoming Alaska Arkansas Missouri Iowa New Hampshire Minnesota Tennessee North Dakota South Carolina North Carolina Nebraska South Dakota Florida Idaho Utah Mississippi Virginia Alabama District of Columbia United States

REGULAR UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE PAYMENTS (2nd Quarter 2025)

Average Weekly Benefit Amount

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

$738.18 $732.82 $686.20 $635.79 $622.52 $602.67 $585.29 $583.70 $581.92 $556.99 $539.87 $532.00 $518.71 $515.99 $515.52 $514.14 $505.43 $501.18 $495.13 $490.82 $487.94 $484.33 $481.51 $480.80 $467.21 $465.00 $460.27 $439.59 $436.07 $432.47 $404.24 $398.02 $378.70 $372.53 $371.93 $362.74 $354.49 $347.06 $344.49 $324.14 $321.66 $314.12 $311.39 $305.63 $305.40 $294.60 $266.23 $257.03 $245.92 $221.89 $421.51 $463.04

Washington Massachusetts Hawaii Colorado New Jersey North Dakota Utah Minnesota Oregon Vermont Iowa Kansas Montana Kentucky Wyoming Illinois Texas Connecticut Maine Ohio Rhode Island Idaho Nevada Pennsylvania New Mexico South Dakota Nebraska Oklahoma West Virginia New York North Carolina Maryland New Hampshire California Delaware Michigan Virginia Wisconsin Georgia Indiana Arkansas Arizona South Carolina Tennessee Alaska Missouri Florida Alabama Louisiana Mississippi District of Columbia United States

Average Duration Weeks

Rank

16.0 11 19.0 2 14.0 24 14.4 21 19.6 1 11.3 41 13.5 26 15.4 14 14.6 19 12.1 36 9.8 44 10.5 42 13.3 29 13.9 25 12.8 30 16.4 10 15.5 13 15.2 16 15.0 17 14.0 23 15.3 15 10.0 43 16.5 9 15.5 12 16.7 8 14.9 18 12.4 32 12.1 37 13.5 26 18.2 5 9.7 45 18.2 4 12.3 33 18.2 6 18.9 3 11.4 39 12.0 38 12.2 35 8.9 47 12.5 31 8.6 49 14.5 20 11.4 40 9.6 46 16.8 7 12.2 34 8.6 48 7.8 50 14.1 22 13.3 28 15.8 15.3

Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration

Rank State

TABLE 30

West Virginia ranks 29th in average weekly amount of unemployment benefits and ranks 26th in average duration of weeks for unemployment payments.

Source: U.S. Department of Labor

TABLE 31

STATE MINIMUM WAGE (January 1, 2026) West Virginia ranks 30th for state minimum wage (ranked highest to lowest). Rank

State

Minimum Wage

1 2 3 4 4 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 18 19 20 21 22 23 23 25 26 27 27 29

Washington Connecticut California Hawaii New York Rhode Island New Jersey Colorado Arizona Maine Oregon Delaware Illinois Maryland Massachusetts Missouri Nebraska Vermont Florida Michigan Alaska Virginia Nevada New Mexico South Dakota Minnesota Arkansas Ohio Montana

$17.13 $16.94 $16.90/$20.00/$24.00*** $16.00 $17.00/$16.00*** $16.00 $15.92/$15.23/$18.92*** $15.16 $15.15 $15.10 $16.30/$15.05/$14.05*** $15.00 $15.00 $15.00 $15.00 $15.00 *** $15.00 $14.42 $14.00 $13.73 $13.00 $12.77 $12.00 $12.00 $11.85 $11.41 $11.00 $11.00/$7.25*** $10.85 ***

30 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31

West Virginia $8.75 Alabama $7.25* Georgia $7.25** Idaho $7.25 Indiana $7.25 Iowa $7.25 Kansas $7.25 Kentucky $7.25 Louisiana $7.25* Mississippi $7.25* New Hampshire $7.25 North Carolina $7.25 North Dakota $7.25 Oklahoma $7.25 Pennsylvania $7.25 South Carolina $7.25* Tennessee $7.25* Texas $7.25 Utah $7.25 Wisconsin $7.25 Wyoming $7.25** District of Columbia $17.95 Federal Minimum Wage $7.25 *No state minimum wage **State minimum less the federal minimum ***State minimum varies based on location, size of employer or industry

VENTURE CAPITAL INVESTMENTS (2024)

Rank State

Amount (Millions of $)

Amount per Capita

Rank

California New York Massachusetts Texas Colorado Florida Washington North Carolina Illinois Delaware New Jersey Pennsylvania Virginia Minnesota Arizona Connecticut Georgia Maryland Ohio Indiana Utah Tennessee Oregon Michigan

$118,096 $25,749 $15,244 $7,084 $5,264 $4,748 $3,606 $3,590 $3,417 $3,093 $2,943 $2,255 $1,724 $1,669 $1,666 $1,652 $1,490 $1,287 $1,252 $1,114 $1,095 $797 $665 $647

$2,995 $1,296 $2,136 $226 $884 $203 $453 $325 $269 $2,940 $310 $172 $196 $288 $220 $449 $133 $205 $105 $161 $313 $110 $156 $64

1 4 3 17 5 20 6 8 14 2 11 22 21 13 18 7 25 19 31 23 10 28 24 36

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

West Virginia Nevada Missouri Wisconsin Arkansas Rhode Island South Carolina Kansas New Mexico Oklahoma Idaho Vermont Wyoming Iowa New Hampshire Montana Louisiana Kentucky Alabama Hawaii Nebraska Maine South Dakota Mississippi North Dakota Alaska District of Columbia United States

$457 $433 $423 $350 $261 $253 $236 $235 $234 $223 $219 $206 $170 $148 $139 $134 $130 $125 $116 $85 $78 $74 $37 $33 $31 $9 $393 $215,377

$258 $132 $68 $59 $84 $228 $43 $79 $110 $54 $110 $317 $290 $46 $99 $118 $28 $27 $22 $58 $39 $53 $40 $11 $39 $12 $559 $633

15 26 35 37 33 16 42 34 29 39 30 9 12 41 32 27 46 47 48 38 45 40 43 50 44 49

Source: PitchBook-NVCA Venture Monitor

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

TABLE 32

West Virginia ranks 25th in the amount of venture capital investments (measured in millions of dollars) and 15th in venture capital investments per capita.

Source: National Science Foundation

TABLE 33

OVERALL R&D SPENDING (2022) West Virginia ranks 47th in millions of dollars in overall R&D spending and 45th in dollars per capita of R&D spending. Rank State

Millions of Dollars

Dollars Per Capita

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

$260,179 $63,050 $62,521 $44,935 $40,726 $29,475 $29,224 $29,167 $27,402 $24,229 $23,332 $22,014 $15,926 $15,565 $14,062 $13,869 $13,712 $13,232 $12,357 $12,254 $11,295 $10,812 $9,991 $8,415 $7,951 $7,453 $5,442 $5,103 $4,971 $4,039 $3,902 $3,837 $3,832 $2,776 $2,206 $2,201 $1,844 $1,690 $1,687 $1,556 $1,182 $1,117 $910 $881 $851 $844 $817 $541 $367 $252 $8,787 $891,834

$6,647 $8,978 $8,022 $2,281 $1,352 $2,933 $4,719 $3,138 $2,110 $2,057 $1,849 $2,055 $712 $1,792 $2,403 $3,265 $2,003 $3,657 $1,675 $1,121 $1,974 $5,115 $1,692 $1,658 $1,126 $1,206 $1,605 $1,593 $4,871 $1,375 $2,794 $1,973 $725 $689 $1,119 $693 $408 $574 $367 $1,415 $850 $367 $1,404 $612 $758 $1,081 $461 $737 $403 $433 $12,985 $2,670

California Massachusetts Washington New York Texas Michigan Maryland New Jersey Pennsylvania Ohio Illinois North Carolina Florida Virginia Colorado Oregon Indiana Connecticut Arizona Georgia Minnesota New Mexico Wisconsin Alabama Tennessee Missouri Utah Iowa Delaware Kansas New Hampshire Idaho South Carolina Oklahoma Nebraska Nevada Kentucky Mississippi Louisiana Rhode Island Maine Arkansas Vermont Hawaii Montana North Dakota West Virginia Alaska South Dakota Wyoming District of Columbia United States

Rank

3 1 2 13 30 10 6 9 14 15 20 16 40 21 12 8 17 7 23 33 18 4 22 24 32 31 25 26 5 29 11 19 39 42 34 41 47 44 49 27 36 50 28 43 37 35 45 38 48 46

R&D EXPENDITURES PER CAPITA BY PERFORMING SECTOR (2023)

Industrial R&D Per Capita (2023)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

$7,423 $6,786 $6,341 $5,082 $3,255 $2,827 $2,694 $2,635 $2,361 $2,036 $1,871 $1,743 $1,697 $1,620 $1,594 $1,588 $1,548 $1,447 $1,388 $1,386 $1,271 $1,218 $1,143 $1,132 $1,037 $1,022 $969 $943 $928 $908 $895 $809 $694 $657 $630 $585 $568 $561 $551 $479 $396 $346 $286 $277 $230 $204 $158 $141 $116 $98 $1,360 $2,143

Massachusetts Washington California Delaware Connecticut New Hampshire New Jersey Michigan Oregon Indiana Colorado New York North Carolina Pennsylvania Minnesota Illinois Maryland Idaho Wisconsin Iowa Utah Arizona Texas Ohio Alabama Nebraska Kansas Virginia Vermont Georgia Missouri North Dakota New Mexico Nevada Oklahoma Tennessee South Carolina Rhode Island Florida Maine Montana Hawaii Kentucky South Dakota Arkansas West Virginia Louisiana Mississippi Wyoming Alaska District of Columbia United States

Academic R&D Per Capita (2023)

Rank

$733 2 $275 28 $344 16 $445 8 $483 3 $423 9 $183 40 $334 20 $258 34 $313 23 $354 15 $459 6 $400 10 $459 7 $238 36 $275 29 $963 1 $105 49 $374 11 $343 17 $368 13 $260 33 $271 30 $287 26 $309 24 $342 18 $358 14 $263 32 $370 12 $331 21 $302 25 $474 4 $266 31 $102 50 $179 41 $276 27 $171 42 $471 5 $154 45 $152 46 $340 19 $236 37 $166 43 $142 48 $150 47 $164 44 $233 38 $207 39 $257 35 $328 22 $1,346 $323

Source: National Science Foundation

Rank State

TABLE 34

West Virginia ranks 46th in industrial R&D expenditures per capita for 2023 and 44th in academic R&D expenditures per capita for 2023.

Source: National Science Foundation

TABLE 35

SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND HEALTH DOCTORATES (2023) West Virginia ranks 40th in the number of people that have been awarded a science and engineering doctorate degree and ranks 43rd in percentage of the workforce that hold a science, engineering, and health doctorate degree. Rank State

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

# S&E Doctorates Awarded

California 5,671 Texas 3,474 New York 3,370 Massachusetts 2,581 Pennsylvania 2,114 Illinois 1,891 Florida 1,815 North Carolina 1,588 Michigan 1,578 Ohio 1,469 Indiana 1,288 Georgia 1,258 Virginia 1,258 Maryland 1,233 Minnesota 996 New Jersey 924 Colorado 918 Washington 831 Arizona 804 Wisconsin 795 Tennessee 768 Missouri 706 Connecticut 645 Alabama 606 Iowa 601 Utah 491 Louisiana 461 South Carolina 442 Oregon 438 Kansas 412 Oklahoma 359 Kentucky 347 Mississippi 303 Nebraska 296 Rhode Island 289 Delaware 236 Nevada 227 New Mexico 196 Arkansas 183 West Virginia 180 New Hampshire 171 North Dakota 146 Idaho 115 Hawaii 111 Montana 109 South Dakota 105 Wyoming 78 Vermont 58 Maine 52 Alaska 32 District of Columbia 369 United States 45,533

S, E, & H Doctorates Employed

% of Workforce with S, E, & H Doctorates

156,900 54,600 61,750 59,700 37,150 30,150 24,200 27,700 22,000 25,350 13,550 20,500 28,300 39,450 16,750 23,350 20,100 29,400 13,650 12,600 11,750 12,950 14,250 8,250 6,600 8,700 6,150 7,300 16,250 5,000 5,350 6,000 3,150 4,100 3,550 4,050 2,950 8,450 4,400 2,350 3,800 1,450 3,400 3,200 2,600 1,850 1,100 2,200 2,800 1,600 19,500 905,300

0.85% 0.37% 0.66% 1.63% 0.59% 0.49% 0.23% 0.55% 0.46% 0.45% 0.41% 0.40% 0.64% 1.26% 0.55% 0.50% 0.64% 0.76% 0.38% 0.41% 0.36% 0.43% 0.77% 0.37% 0.40% 0.50% 0.31% 0.30% 0.78% 0.34% 0.28% 0.30% 0.26% 0.40% 0.63% 0.83% 0.19% 0.91% 0.33% 0.31% 0.51% 0.35% 0.36% 0.49% 0.47% 0.39% 0.38% 0.64% 0.42% 0.47% 5.05% 0.56%

Rank

4 36 9 1 14 21 49 16 24 25 29 31 12 2 15 18 10 8 34 28 39 26 7 37 30 19 44 46 6 41 47 45 48 32 13 5 50 3 42 43 17 40 38 20 23 33 35 11 27 22

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF POPULATION AGE 25 AND OLDER (2024)

Completed High School or EQ) Advanced or higher Rank Degree

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 16 18 18 20 21 21 23 23 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 33 35 36 37 37 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

91.4% 27 93.2% 13 94.7% 3 91.4% 27 90.4% 34 91.7% 26 91.8% 24 95.0% 1 88.0% 45 92.3% 18 94.2% 6 90.7% 31 93.6% 11 90.4% 34 84.8% 50 93.7% 9 92.3% 18 94.8% 2 90.9% 30 92.4% 17 94.6% 4 89.8% 39 92.0% 22 91.8% 24 90.4% 34 92.6% 15 86.7% 49 89.7% 40 93.7% 9 94.0% 8 94.1% 7 92.0% 22 92.2% 20 91.0% 29 92.5% 16 93.4% 12 92.2% 20 90.6% 32 94.4% 5 93.0% 14 87.9% 47 90.6% 32 89.6% 41 90.2% 37 87.7% 48 89.0% 43 88.2% 44 89.3% 42 88.0% 45 90.1% 38 92.0% 89.9%

Massachusetts Colorado Vermont Maryland New Jersey Virginia Connecticut New Hampshire New York Washington Minnesota Illinois Utah Rhode Island California Hawaii Oregon Maine North Carolina Pennsylvania Montana Georgia Kansas Delaware Florida Nebraska Texas Arizona Wisconsin South Dakota North Dakota Missouri Michigan South Carolina Idaho Alaska Ohio Tennessee Wyoming Iowa New Mexico Indiana Alabama Oklahoma Nevada Kentucky Louisiana Arkansas Mississippi West Virginia District of Columbia United States

48.3% 47.8% 45.1% 44.7% 44.5% 43.3% 42.6% 41.5% 41.2% 41.0% 40.0% 39.2% 39.1% 39.0% 38.1% 37.8% 37.8% 37.1% 37.1% 36.4% 36.3% 36.3% 36.0% 36.0% 35.8% 35.4% 35.2% 34.7% 34.6% 34.2% 34.0% 33.5% 33.3% 33.3% 33.0% 32.8% 32.4% 32.4% 32.3% 32.1% 31.8% 30.7% 29.9% 29.3% 28.5% 27.9% 27.8% 27.1% 27.0% 24.4% 65.5% 36.8%

22.6% 18.7% 19.2% 21.5% 18.2% 19.2% 19.3% 16.6% 18.4% 16.6% 14.0% 15.9% 13.7% 16.5% 14.9% 13.9% 14.9% 14.6% 14.5% 15.1% 12.0% 14.8% 13.6% 16.0% 13.7% 13.0% 13.1% 13.8% 12.0% 11.2% 10.5% 13.3% 13.1% 13.0% 11.2% 13.1% 12.5% 12.4% 12.0% 10.9% 14.0% 11.2% 11.8% 10.5% 10.1% 11.8% 10.5% 10.0% 10.7% 9.6% 38.3% 14.7%

Rank

1 6 4 2 8 4 3 9 7 9 20 13 24 11 15 22 15 18 19 14 35 17 26 12 24 31 28 23 35 40 45 27 28 31 40 28 33 34 35 43 20 40 38 45 48 38 45 49 44 50

Source: American Community Survey

Bachelor’s (Degree Rank State or higher

TABLE 36

West Virginia ranks 50th in percentage of the population (above age 25) that holds a bachelor’s degree or higher, ranks 38th in percentage of the population that completed high school (or an equivalent) or higher, and ranks 50th in percentage of the population that holds an advanced degree.

Source: U.S. Department of Education

TABLE 37

HIGHER EDUCATION TOTAL FALL ENROLLMENT AS PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION: PUBLIC (Fall 2021) West Virginia ranks 14th in public enrollment for a 4-year undergraduate degree as a percentage of the population, 10th in post-baccalaureate degrees, and 43rd in 2-year degree enrollment. Rank State

4-Year Undergrad %

Post Baccalaureate % Rank

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

4.49% 3.92% 3.60% 3.56% 3.35% 3.18% 3.04% 2.98% 2.97% 2.95% 2.94% 2.77% 2.76% 2.70% 2.61% 2.60% 2.59% 2.54% 2.52% 2.47% 2.45% 2.43% 2.41% 2.34% 2.29% 2.26% 2.20% 2.19% 2.19% 2.06% 2.01% 1.99% 1.98% 1.90% 1.88% 1.83% 1.82% 1.82% 1.75% 1.73% 1.70% 1.59% 1.58% 1.56% 1.55% 1.53% 1.45% 1.34% 1.27% 1.01% 0.44% 2.25%

0.45% 27 0.82% 39 0.88% 1 0.87% 37 0.54% 21 0.00% 48 0.72% 6 0.33% 45 0.64% 8 0.80% 40 0.45% 29 1.50% 15 0.30% 48 0.00% 48 0.55% 20 1.16% 28 0.81% 3 1.26% 22 0.36% 45 0.26% 46 0.37% 41 0.09% 47 0.51% 22 0.66% 44 0.44% 32 0.90% 36 0.63% 10 0.70% 43 0.85% 2 1.49% 17 0.51% 23 1.17% 27 0.63% 9 1.26% 23 0.44% 33 1.44% 18 0.48% 25 0.86% 38 0.25% 50 0.00% 48 0.63% 12 1.01% 34 0.79% 4 2.40% 4 0.63% 11 1.30% 19 0.60% 15 2.10% 6 0.61% 14 1.27% 20 0.72% 5 1.99% 8 0.33% 47 2.62% 1 0.57% 19 1.24% 25 0.64% 7 1.58% 13 0.60% 16 1.55% 14 0.45% 30 1.27% 21 0.59% 18 2.18% 5 0.59% 17 1.70% 11 0.43% 35 1.58% 12 0.36% 44 1.09% 31 0.61% 13 2.42% 3 0.35% 46 1.09% 30 0.50% 24 2.00% 7 0.47% 26 1.20% 26 0.45% 28 2.55% 2 0.43% 36 1.79% 10 0.38% 39 0.75% 41 0.39% 38 1.05% 32 0.38% 40 1.50% 16 0.36% 43 1.14% 29 0.44% 34 1.24% 24 0.30% 49 0.71% 42 0.36% 42 1.02% 33 0.41% 37 0.97% 35 0.44% 31 1.79% 9 0.08% 0.00% 0.48% 1.35%

Utah North Dakota Delaware Colorado South Dakota Wyoming Nevada Texas Indiana Washington Florida Montana Idaho West Virginia Alabama Ohio Louisiana Wisconsin Vermont Alaska Georgia Kansas Arkansas Arizona Michigan Nebraska California Oklahoma Maryland Kentucky South Carolina Mississippi Virginia Oregon Maine New Mexico Rhode Island North Carolina Missouri Iowa Minnesota Pennsylvania Tennessee Hawaii New York New Jersey New Hampshire Connecticut Massachusetts Illinois District of Columbia United States

2-Year %

Rank

HIGHER EDUCATION FALL ENROLLMENT IN PRIVATE FOR-PROFIT AND NON-PROFIT COLLEGES (Fall 2021)

Rank State

Arizona California Minnesota Florida Illinois West Virginia Colorado New York Texas Virginia Georgia Alabama Ohio Tennessee Connecticut Pennsylvania New Jersey Kentucky Utah Kansas North Carolina Nevada Washington South Carolina Louisiana Missouri Maryland Indiana Iowa Michigan New Mexico Oklahoma Wisconsin Oregon South Dakota Mississippi Idaho Wyoming North Dakota Maine Hawaii Massachusetts Arkansas Alaska Delaware Montana Nebraska New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont District of Columbia United States

Total For-Profit

235,682 146,311 89,334 72,013 57,796 53,312 45,393 39,365 36,954 26,580 21,956 18,691 15,795 15,541 14,268 11,866 9,400 9,017 8,498 7,275 6,689 6,073 5,161 4,551 3,572 3,423 3,402 2,819 2,671 2,637 2,482 2,119 2,001 1,988 1,269 804 745 742 597 519 475 448 417 317 300 50 28 0 0 0 11,877 1,003,223

Total Non-Profit

Rank

11,956 41 321,710 2 67,237 19 195,734 6 206,460 5 7,127 43 33,113 30 503,768 1 144,339 10 150,390 9 82,276 15 23,889 33 127,380 11 82,018 16 72,144 18 282,286 4 74,000 17 58,369 22 189,385 7 21,478 36 93,118 13 3,919 46 40,081 26 36,807 28 29,079 31 122,139 12 59,350 21 82,879 14 49,210 24 59,795 20 1,705 48 22,137 35 53,667 23 27,190 32 7,125 44 17,743 37 47,582 25 0 50 6,295 45 22,333 34 9,828 42 292,863 3 16,189 38 676 49 14,353 40 3,421 47 35,750 29 164,416 8 38,832 27 15,481 39 84,082 4,113,104

Source: U.S. Department of Education

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 48 48

TABLE 38

West Virginia ranks 6th in total enrollment at a for-profit college and 43rd for total enrollment at a non-profit college.

Source: U.S. Department of Education

TABLE 39

IMPORT/EXPORT RATIO OF COLLEGE-BOUND HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES (Fall 2022) West Virginia ranks as the 3rd highest importer of college-bound high school graduates and ranks 38th for freshmen enrolled in institutions inside the state, with the in-to state migration being higher than the out-of-state migration

Rank State

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Import/Export Freshman Ratio enrolled in (<1 Exporter, Migration institutions >1= Importer) Out-of-State Into State inside state

Utah 4.56 Arizona 3.83 West Virginia 3.67 New Hampshire 3.65 Iowa 3.10 Rhode Island 3.05 North Dakota 2.81 Alabama 2.72 Mississippi 2.54 Indiana 2.51 Vermont 2.43 Arkansas 2.23 Montana 2.08 South Carolina 2.07 South Dakota 1.99 Kansas 1.84 Delaware 1.64 Idaho 1.63 Oregon 1.57 Maine 1.56 Tennessee 1.56 Pennsylvania 1.55 Wyoming 1.55 Oklahoma 1.52 Ohio 1.52 Kentucky 1.49 Wisconsin 1.47 North Carolina 1.46 Florida 1.45 Louisiana 1.39 Massachusetts 1.32 Virginia 1.22 Michigan 1.21 New York 1.19 Colorado 1.09 Missouri 1.06 Nebraska 1.06 New Mexico 0.91 California 0.88 Connecticut 0.82 Georgia 0.80 Hawaii 0.68 Washington 0.59 Minnesota 0.53 Illinois 0.51 Texas 0.51 Maryland 0.51 Nevada 0.33 New Jersey 0.20 Alaska 0.15 District of Columbia 3.78 United States 1.16

3,004 7,582 1,919 4,958 3,882 2,935 1,507 5,555 2,916 8,345 2,089 3,721 1,912 6,515 1,846 4,756 2,888 3,795 6,412 2,868 10,351 22,634 1,146 4,851 15,012 5,755 9,448 12,276 21,793 5,868 22,129 16,045 10,202 36,967 13,824 10,636 4,411 3,044 46,041 14,528 20,280 4,236 14,714 16,387 35,844 38,282 18,491 5,104 34,867 2,009 2,719 574,581

13,696 29,008 7,048 18,093 12,038 8,962 4,230 15,092 7,406 20,947 5,073 8,286 3,970 13,495 3,682 8,729 4,728 6,197 10,088 4,488 16,182 35,176 1,772 7,384 22,796 8,567 13,880 17,886 31,537 8,169 29,109 19,522 12,389 44,063 15,021 11,308 4,654 2,775 40,554 11,867 16,302 2,872 8,671 8,753 18,369 19,538 9,392 1,705 6,914 292 10,283 666,574

37,138 73,139 16,077 23,025 33,689 14,865 8,375 47,587 26,928 63,902 6,810 26,108 8,746 46,332 8,820 28,544 9,561 15,626 33,086 11,725 55,768 106,760 4,893 30,817 94,012 37,327 49,451 83,663 153,364 39,133 65,691 78,383 75,002 168,650 44,623 45,212 17,932 15,999 363,439 30,769 81,285 8,620 50,911 39,627 91,456 240,809 41,401 16,244 61,001 2,196 11,044 2,749,449

Rank

27 12 38 35 28 41 47 19 33 14 48 34 45 20 44 32 43 40 29 42 16 5 49 30 6 26 18 8 4 25 13 10 11 3 22 21 36 39 1 31 9 46 17 24 7 2 23 37 15 50

NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS (2024)

4th Grade Reading % at or Above Proficient Rank

37 49 44 36 34 7 5 43 10 28 22 19 29 8 32 35 12 20 45 9 1 47 26 17 41 18 39 31 4 2 50 24 30 33 15 48 42 11 13 14 38 21 40 3 27 25 16 46 23 6

4th Grade Math % at or Above Proficient Rank

21.3 47 21.7 46 25.4 37 25.3 39 28.0 27 34.8 4 35.4 3 23.5 44 25.3 38 31.2 12 29.1 23 32.0 9 33.0 8 33.4 6 31.1 15 25.1 40 28.6 26 27.2 30 26.2 34 33.1 7 39.7 1 24.3 43 28.0 28 22.8 45 26.5 33 31.1 13 27.5 29 26.0 35 33.8 5 38.5 2 18.5 50 30.9 17 26.9 32 24.9 42 31.5 10 20.5 49 27.0 31 30.8 18 30.4 20 25.8 36 28.8 25 31.1 16 25.0 41 31.5 11 29.2 22 29.0 24 30.5 19 20.8 48 31.1 14 29.4 21 24.8 29.8

36.9 35 29.9 49 33.8 43 31.3 46 34.9 41 41.6 17 41.9 15 34.9 40 44.8 4 37.7 32 42.1 13 40.7 20 38.1 30 43.0 7 38.9 27 39.6 26 38.4 28 34.8 42 32.6 44 37.4 33 51.2 1 37.2 34 44.8 5 37.8 31 36.4 37 40.4 21 39.9 24 35.9 38 42.6 11 43.9 6 23.3 50 36.6 36 41.3 19 43.0 8 42.6 10 31.3 45 30.9 48 41.4 18 38.4 29 40.0 23 42.5 12 41.7 16 42.7 9 45.2 3 35.7 39 40.0 22 39.8 25 31.2 47 42.1 14 45.5 2 32.8 39.5

8th Grade Math % at or Above Proficient Rank

18.4 21.5 25.8 19.8 25.3 32.5 31.9 19.3 21.1 23.7 23.2 30.9 32.3 30.8 27.2 26.3 24.3 20.8 24.5 24.7 37.2 23.9 34.0 21.6 23.0 32.1 32.5 20.2 32.0 36.8 13.9 26.2 31.5 29.5 32.1 17.4 23.7 31.4 26.0 23.7 33.3 30.5 23.7 35.1 28.5 28.5 29.5 17.8 36.5 30.0 20.1 28.0

47 41 28 45 29 8 13 46 42 37 38 16 9 17 24 25 32 43 31 30 1 33 5 40 39 10 7 44 12 2 50 26 14 21 11 49 34 15 27 35 6 18 36 4 23 22 20 48 3 19

Source: National Assessment of Education Progress

Alabama 28.0 Alaska 21.7 Arizona 26.4 Arkansas 28.1 California 28.7 Colorado 35.7 Connecticut 36.2 Delaware 26.5 Florida 33.0 Georgia 30.4 Hawaii 31.6 Idaho 31.9 Illinois 30.4 Indiana 34.5 Iowa 29.2 Kansas 28.3 Kentucky 32.7 Louisiana 31.8 Maine 26.1 Maryland 33.6 Massachusetts 40.4 Michigan 24.6 Minnesota 30.7 Mississippi 32.0 Missouri 27.2 Montana 31.9 Nebraska 28.0 Nevada 30.0 New Hampshire 36.2 New Jersey 38.3 New Mexico 20.3 New York 30.9 North Carolina 30.1 North Dakota 28.7 Ohio 32.4 Oklahoma 22.7 Oregon 26.6 Pennsylvania 32.9 Rhode Island 32.6 South Carolina 32.5 South Dakota 28.0 Tennessee 31.8 Texas 27.5 Utah 36.3 Vermont 30.5 Virginia 30.7 Washington 32.0 West Virginia 24.6 Wisconsin 31.3 Wyoming 35.8 District of Columbia29.6 United States 31.1

8th Grade Reading % at or Above Proficient Rank

TABLE 40

West Virginia ranks 46th in 4th Grade reading scores and 48th in 8th Grade reading scores. For math scores, West Virginia ranks 47th in 4th Grade and 48th in 8th Grade.

Source: NEA Rankings and Estimates 2025-2026

TABLE 41

ESTIMATED PUBLIC SCHOOL SPENDING PER PUPIL (2025) West Virginia ranks 22th in per pupil spending for public school. Total Spending Rank State Dollars

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 32 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 #N/A

New York Vermont New Jersey Massachusetts Connecticut New Hampshire Rhode Island Maine Delaware Pennsylvania Illinois Alaska Wyoming Washington California Hawaii Maryland North Dakota Louisiana Virginia Oregon West Virginia Colorado Minnesota Wisconsin Ohio Nebraska Georgia New Mexico Montana Kansas Kentucky Nevada South Carolina Michigan Iowa Missouri North Carolina Indiana Florida South Dakota Alabama Arkansas Mississippi Texas Oklahoma Utah Arizona Tennessee Idaho District of Columbia United States

32,370 29,534 28,779 27,587 27,481 23,619 23,552 23,290 22,128 21,522 21,385 21,344 21,150 20,948 20,898 19,728 19,412 18,118 18,021 17,674 17,533 17,372 17,130 17,114 17,003 16,856 16,788 16,113 15,985 15,431 15,398 15,056 15,056 14,944 14,779 14,353 14,005 13,640 13,604 13,487 13,485 13,269 13,090 13,049 12,815 12,758 12,029 11,987 11,723 11,578 30,564 17,840

AVERAGE SALARY OF TEACHERS (2025)

Rank State

California New York Washington Massachusetts Connecticut Maryland Rhode Island New Jersey Oregon Alaska Pennsylvania Illinois Delaware Minnesota Hawaii Nevada Utah Colorado Vermont Georgia Michigan Ohio New Mexico New Hampshire Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Maine Iowa Arizona South Carolina Texas Nebraska Alabama Idaho Oklahoma Indiana Kansas Tennessee North Dakota Kentucky North Carolina Montana Arkansas South Dakota West Virginia Missouri Louisiana Florida Mississippi District of Columbia United States

Average Salary Dollars

$103,552 $98,655 $96,589 $93,554 $89,593 $87,409 $85,772 $84,974 $81,657 $81,450 $79,078 $78,495 $76,570 $76,234 $75,860 $74,812 $72,882 $72,781 $71,871 $71,524 $71,023 $70,586 $69,736 $69,432 $69,254 $67,794 $65,668 $65,621 $65,312 $64,291 $64,050 $63,749 $63,326 $62,985 $62,786 $61,931 $61,661 $61,470 $61,222 $60,704 $60,594 $60,323 $59,305 $59,193 $58,486 $58,099 $57,366 $56,785 $56,663 $54,975 $95,077 $74,495

Source: NEA Rankings and Estimates 2025-2026

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

TABLE 42

West Virginia ranks 46th for average salary of teachers.

Source: U.S. Department of Transportation

TABLE 43

STATE EXPENDITURES ON ROADWAYS (2022) West Virginia ranks 4th in total state expenditures on roadways per capita, 5th in capital per capita, and 4th in maintenance per capita. Rank State

Total Per Capita

Capital Per Capita Rank

Maint. Per Capita Rank

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

$1,398 $1,169 $1,049 $1,023 $947 $939 $796 $789 $682 $648 $617 $598 $591 $569 $538 $516 $500 $493 $486 $470 $469 $464 $462 $445 $437 $430 $425 $416 $407 $397 $391 $387 $380 $363 $360 $359 $348 $342 $311 $305 $289 $288 $283 $282 $274 $251 $216 $213 $179 $155 $709 $396

$1,060 1 $954 2 $533 8 $717 5 $795 4 $877 3 $577 6 $472 11 $521 9 $412 18 $545 7 $479 10 $438 14 $450 13 $426 16 $427 15 $452 12 $421 17 $285 33 $306 31 $388 19 $329 27 $381 20 $330 26 $347 22 $344 23 $335 25 $320 29 $363 21 $280 34 $336 24 $323 28 $291 32 $310 30 $249 37 $251 36 $255 35 $247 38 $240 40 $211 44 $225 41 $223 42 $243 39 $202 46 $211 43 $209 45 $157 47 $143 49 $153 48 $119 50 $464 $302

$338 2 $215 7 $517 1 $307 4 $152 12 $62 41 $219 6 $317 3 $160 10 $237 5 $72 34 $118 15 $153 11 $119 14 $112 18 $89 27 $49 45 $73 33 $202 8 $164 9 $81 31 $135 13 $82 30 $116 17 $90 26 $86 29 $90 25 $96 21 $45 46 $118 16 $55 43 $64 38 $89 28 $53 44 $112 19 $109 20 $93 24 $95 22 $71 35 $94 23 $63 39 $66 37 $40 48 $80 32 $63 40 $42 47 $59 42 $70 36 $26 50 $36 49 $245 $94

Alaska Wyoming Delaware West Virginia South Dakota North Dakota Vermont Maine Montana Oklahoma Kansas Arkansas Kentucky North Carolina Rhode Island Nebraska Michigan Idaho Virginia Indiana Iowa Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Florida Connecticut New Jersey Washington Mississippi Louisiana New Mexico Illinois Utah Wisconsin New York Minnesota Oregon Missouri Tennessee Maryland Nevada Colorado Alabama New Hampshire Georgia Ohio Massachusetts California Arizona Hawaii District of Columbia United States

AVERAGE RETAIL PRICE PER KwH FOR INDUSTRIAL CUSTOMERS (2023–2024)

Cents/KwH Cents/KwH Rank State (2024) (2023)

New Mexico Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Tennessee Kentucky Washington Arkansas Iowa Mississippi South Carolina Ohio Georgia North Dakota Alabama Montana Nebraska Idaho Kansas North Carolina West Virginia Utah Pennsylvania Missouri Arizona Wyoming Oregon Indiana Michigan South Dakota Delaware Florida Wisconsin Colorado Nevada Illinois Virginia Minnesota New York Maryland Vermont New Jersey Maine New Hampshire Connecticut Massachusetts Alaska Rhode Island California Hawaii District of Columbia United States

5.43 5.61 5.84 6.12 6.21 6.50 6.61 6.61 6.80 6.81 6.84 7.10 7.21 7.25 7.25 7.59 7.66 7.69 7.73 7.77 7.81 7.86 7.87 7.87 7.90 7.96 8.05 8.15 8.26 8.28 8.49 8.50 8.54 8.62 8.64 8.83 8.99 9.15 9.17 10.01 11.58 11.93 12.46 16.21 17.12 18.19 19.31 19.70 21.53 34.13 10.80 8.13

5.75 5.88 6.26 6.60 6.23 6.55 6.35 6.87 6.91 6.96 6.68 7.03 6.88 7.37 7.10 7.80 7.63 7.17 7.64 7.15 7.24 6.99 7.75 7.90 8.11 7.06 7.52 8.24 8.16 8.01 7.85 9.39 8.68 8.50 10.36 8.20 8.92 9.20 6.87 9.94 11.27 11.68 12.30 15.76 15.69 17.88 18.70 18.98 18.64 35.28 10.85 8.04

-0.32 -0.27 -0.42 -0.48 -0.02 -0.06 0.26 -0.26 -0.10 -0.14 0.16 0.06 0.33 -0.12 0.15 -0.21 0.03 0.52 0.10 0.62 0.57 0.87 0.12 -0.03 -0.21 0.90 0.53 -0.10 0.10 0.27 0.64 -0.89 -0.14 0.12 -1.72 0.62 0.08 -0.06 2.31 0.06 0.31 0.25 0.17 0.45 1.43 0.31 0.61 0.71 2.89 -1.15 -0.05 0.09

Source: U.S. Department of Energy

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Change from 2023 to 2024 (cents)

TABLE 44

West Virginia ranks 21st in price Per KWH for industrial customers in 2024 (measured in cents/KwH).

Source: U.S. Department of Energy

TABLE 45

AVERAGE RETAIL PRICE PER KwH FOR COMMERCIAL CUSTOMERS (2023–2024) West Virginia ranks 26th in price per KwH for commercial customers in 2024 (measured in cents/KwH). Cents/KwH Cents/KwH Rank State (2024) (2023)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

North Dakota Nebraska Texas Virginia Oklahoma Idaho Wyoming Utah Washington Oregon Nevada Iowa Arkansas Missouri Louisiana New Mexico South Dakota North Carolina South Carolina Ohio Georgia Florida Pennsylvania Kansas Kentucky West Virginia Colorado Illinois Montana Tennessee Minnesota Delaware Arizona Mississippi Indiana Wisconsin Maryland Alabama Michigan New Jersey Maine New York Vermont New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Alaska California Hawaii District of Columbia United States

7.19 8.39 8.55 8.72 8.92 9.17 9.27 9.39 9.99 10.11 10.19 10.22 10.24 10.26 10.46 10.54 10.55 10.56 10.64 10.66 10.87 10.99 11.03 11.19 11.50 11.62 11.71 11.81 11.87 12.05 12.15 12.20 12.23 12.32 12.44 12.63 12.96 13.64 14.01 14.64 18.22 18.77 18.89 19.40 20.90 21.09 21.21 21.57 25.54 38.18 17.07 12.75

7.38 8.76 8.82 8.95 9.34 8.78 8.94 8.51 9.92 9.92 11.91 10.33 10.34 10.14 10.45 10.68 10.16 9.67 10.39 10.75 10.70 11.95 11.26 10.85 11.38 11.03 11.64 11.24 12.11 11.80 12.39 11.83 11.79 12.37 12.55 12.76 12.77 13.16 13.40 14.00 17.88 18.01 18.00 20.40 19.62 17.68 19.99 20.87 23.91 39.03 16.94 12.59

Change from 2023 to 2024 (cents)

-0.19 -0.36 -0.27 -0.23 -0.41 0.39 0.34 0.88 0.07 0.19 -1.72 -0.11 -0.10 0.12 0.01 -0.14 0.39 0.89 0.24 -0.09 0.17 -0.96 -0.23 0.34 0.12 0.59 0.07 0.57 -0.24 0.26 -0.24 0.37 0.44 -0.05 -0.11 -0.13 0.19 0.48 0.61 0.64 0.34 0.76 0.89 -1.01 1.27 3.41 1.22 0.70 1.62 -0.84 0.13 0.16

AVERAGE RETAIL PRICE PER KwH FOR RESIDENTIAL CUSTOMERS (2023-2024)

Cents/KwH Cents/KwH Rank State (2024) (2023)

North Dakota Idaho Nebraska Louisiana Washington Utah Oklahoma Arkansas Tennessee Wyoming Montana Kentucky South Dakota Missouri Mississippi Iowa Georgia North Carolina Florida Kansas New Mexico South Carolina Virginia Oregon Indiana Arizona Colorado Texas Nevada West Virginia Alabama Minnesota Illinois Ohio Delaware Wisconsin Pennsylvania Maryland Michigan New Jersey Vermont New Hampshire Maine New York Alaska Rhode Island Connecticut Massachusetts California Hawaii District of Columbia United States

11.51 11.52 11.53 11.73 11.90 12.22 12.24 12.32 12.42 12.47 12.66 12.79 12.86 12.91 13.39 13.40 14.08 14.13 14.14 14.15 14.20 14.23 14.41 14.70 14.77 14.91 14.92 14.94 15.00 15.07 15.18 15.45 15.87 15.99 16.57 17.18 17.77 17.86 19.30 19.34 21.90 23.40 24.29 24.43 24.82 28.65 28.75 29.35 31.97 42.86 17.71 16.48

11.01 11.0 5 11.20 11.55 10.98 11.20 12.08 12.25 12.19 11.46 12.54 12.65 12.32 12.58 13.23 13.31 13.69 12.93 15.21 13.38 13.85 13.68 14.26 12.73 14.94 14.02 14.30 14.46 16.67 14.0 5 14.63 14.73 15.71 15.38 15.73 16.88 18.10 16.60 18.84 17.70 20.82 28.15 27.42 22.24 23.9 0 27.02 29.88 29.61 29.5 1 42.3 9 16.45 16.00

0.50 0.47 0.33 0.18 0.92 1.02 0.16 0.07 0.23 1.01 0.12 0.13 0.54 0.33 0.17 0.10 0.39 1.21 -1.07 0.77 0.35 0.55 0.15 1.97 -0.17 0.89 0.62 0.47 -1.67 1.02 0.55 0.72 0.16 0.60 0.84 0.31 -0.34 1.26 0.46 1.64 1.08 -4.75 -3.13 2.18 0.92 1.63 -1.14 -0.26 2.46 0.47 1.26 0.48

Source: U.S. Department of Energy

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Change from 2023 to 2024 (cents)

TABLE 46

West Virginia ranks 30th in price per KwH for residential customers in 2024 (measured in cents/KwH).

Source: Nuclear Energy Institute

TABLE 47

GENERATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES BY STATE (2024) West Virginia ranks 1st in energy generation by coal, 45th in generation by natural gas, 12th in petroleum based generation, and 43rd in renewable resource energy generation. There is no nuclear energy generation in the state. State

Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming District of Columbia United States

%

Coal

Rank

14.6% 21 11.2% 26 8.5% 27 25.4% 12 0.1% 41 28.0% 11 0.0% 42 3.0% 35 2.9% 36 12.8% 23 0.0% 42 0.0% 42 14.6% 22 41.8% 8 20.5% 18 22.7% 14 67.0% 2 3.7% 34 0.2% 40 7.0% 29 0.0% 42 20.7% 17 19.5% 19 4.3% 33 58.1% 4 36.4% 9 43.9% 7 5.1% 32 1.3% 39 0.0% 42 21.2% 15 0.0% 42 12.7% 24 54.5% 5 21.1% 16 6.5% 30 0.0% 42 5.4% 31 0.0% 42 16.8% 20 7.5% 28 22.9% 13 11.6% 25 45.4% 6 0.0% 42 1.9% 38 2.8% 37 85.2% 1 31.8% 10 59.9% 3 0.0% 15.1%

Natural Gas % Rank

45.2% 19 46.8% 17 47.5% 16 40.2% 26 41.0% 23 30.5% 31 58.2% 10 92.2% 1 76.8% 6 40.7% 24 0.0% 50 31.4% 30 16.4% 39 43.3% 21 13.9% 41 9.2% 44 25.8% 35 77.0% 51 43.7% 20 39.3% 27 77.5% 4 45.6% 18 27.1% 33 77.6% 31 13.6% 42 3.7% 47 3.7% 48 54.9% 11 26.1% 34 49.5% 14 29.3% 32 48.3% 15 41.1% 22 5.8% 46 60.2% 7 50.8% 13 38.5% 28 59.8% 8 89.9% 2 22.7% 36 10.8% 43 21.7% 37 52.2% 12 33.1% 29 0.0% 49 59.4% 9 17.9% 38 7.6% 45 40.2% 251 14.1% 40 53.2% 0.0% 43.7% 18.1%

Nuclear % Rank

31.1% 0.0% 27.9% 24.0% 8.6% 0.0% 37.7% 0.0% 10.9% 34.3% 0.0% 0.0% 53.6% 0.0% 0.0% 16.0% 0.0% 4.7% 0.0% 41.6% 0.0% 21.2% 20.2% 3.8% 15.7% 0.0% 16.4% 0.0% 57.1% 46.0% 0.0% 21.0% 32.1% 0.0% 12.6% 0.0% 0.0% 31.2% 0.0% 53.5% 0.0% 42.3% 6.8% 0.0% 0.0% 28.2% 9.7% 0.0% 5.5% 0.0%

11 29 13 14 27 29 7 29 25 8 29 29 2 29 29 19 29 22 29 6 29 15 17 23 20 29 18 29 1 4 29 16 9 29 24 29 29 10 29 3 29 5 28 29 29 12 26 29 21 29

GENERATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES BY STATE CONT’D (2024)

9.0% 39 28.2% 20 16.3% 25 10.2% 37 50.8% 10 41.3% 13 3.1% 50 4.4% 45 8.2% 40 12.5% 31 21.2% 22 68.3% 4 15.3% 26 14.4% 28 65.5% 5 52.0% 9 7.1% 41 4.1% 47 53.8% 8 10.7% 36 19.6% 24 12.0% 34 32.6% 17 4.3% 46 12.1% 33 57.4% 7 35.9% 16 40.2% 14 14.9% 27 3.8% 48 49.4% 11 30.0% 18 13.8% 29 39.5% 15 5.3% 44 42.7% 12 61.4% 6 3.5% 49 10.0% 38 7.1% 42 81.6% 2 13.8% 30 29.4% 19 20.9% 23 99.8% 1 11.4% 35 69.5% 3 7.0% 43 12.3% 32 25.6% 21 46.8% 22.7%

0.0% 48 13.7% 2 0.0% 43 0.1% 28 0.0% 42 0.1% 32 0.0% 36 0.4% 9 0.3% 10 0.2% 16 77.0% 1 0.0% 50 0.0% 46 0.1% 21 0.1% 33 0.2% 17 0.1% 29 0.0% 35 0.4% 8 0.6% 7 0.8% 5 1.2% 4 0.0% 39 0.0% 47 0.2% 14 1.5% 3 0.1% 20 0.0% 45 0.3% 11 0.1% 34 0.0% 49 0.2% 13 0.1% 22 0.1% 26 0.8% 6 0.0% 41 0.0% 44 0.0% 40 0.1% 30 0.1% 24 0.1% 31 0.2% 18 0.0% 38 0.1% 27 0.1% 19 0.2% 15 0.0% 37 0.2% 12 0.1% 25 0.1% 23 0.0% 0.4% 0.1%

Pumped Storage and Others % Rank

0.0% -0.1% -0.1% 0.1% -0.5% 0.1% 1.0% 0.0% 0.8% -0.5% 1.8% 0.3% 0.1% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 1.9% 1.0% 2.1% -0.7% 0.5% 0.0% 0.2% 1.0% 0.0% -0.3% 0.3% 0.6% 0.0% 0.5% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -0.2% 0.0% -0.7% 0.0% 0.4% 0.0% -1.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0%

29 42 43 19 47 21 4 31 7 46 3 14 20 12 34 28 27 11 2 5 1 48 9 36 17 6 33 45 15 8 40 10 18 22 30 41 26 38 35 44 31 49 39 13 24 50 23 37 25 16

Source: Nuclear Energy Institute

Petroleum % Rank

TABLE 47

Renewables % Rank

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

TABLE 48

MEDIAN MONTHLY HOUSING-RELATED COSTS (2024) West Virginia ranks 50th in monthly housing-related costs, including insurance, utilities & property tax.

Rank State

Median Monthly Housing Costs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

$2,156 $2,001 $1,960 $1,958 $1,862 $1,841 $1,807 $1,736 $1,689 $1,661 $1,629 $1,628 $1,626 $1,625 $1,596 $1,594 $1,507 $1,471 $1,465 $1,431 $1,417 $1,392 $1,378 $1,374 $1,250 $1,249 $1,220 $1,190 $1,183 $1,176 $1,175 $1,138 $1,135 $1,130 $1,112 $1,110 $1,089 $1,082 $1,073 $1,066 $1,039 $1,030 $1,013 $994 $990 $988 $960 $912 $893 $750 $2,140 $1,365

California Massachusetts New Jersey Hawaii Colorado Washington Maryland Connecticut New Hampshire New York Rhode Island Florida Utah Nevada Oregon Virginia Alaska Arizona Texas Delaware Georgia Minnesota Illinois Vermont North Carolina Idaho Pennsylvania Maine Nebraska Montana Wisconsin South Carolina Tennessee Kansas Michigan Ohio Missouri Indiana South Dakota Wyoming Iowa Oklahoma Louisiana North Dakota New Mexico Alabama Kentucky Arkansas Mississippi West Virginia District of Columbia United States

MEDIAN HOME PRICES AND MORTGAGE PAYMENTS BY STATE (2026)

Median Home Price

Monthly Mortgage Payment

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

$854,000 $773,400 $645,400 $644,300 $604,600 $595,500 $575,300 $545,300 $535,100 $508,100 $505,600 $500,200 $476,300 $468,900 $462,400 $452,500 $446,900 $445,100 $438,400 $416,800 $399,900 $397,600 $392,100 $390,400 $381,700 $378,655 $378,300 $373,700 $366,200 $354,500 $341,800 $338,200 $318,500 $314,200 $313,885 $308,500 $306,700 $302,300 $299,000 $281,400 $277,200 $273,200 $270,300 $269,700 $265,200 $262,900 $260,300 $256,700 $253,300 $250,700 $676,500 $436,523

$4,341 $3,931 $3,280 $3,275 $3,073 $3,027 $2,924 $2,772 $2,720 $2,583 $2,570 $2,542 $2,421 $2,383 $2,350 $2,300 $2,272 $2,262 $2,228 $2,119 $2,033 $2,021 $1,993 $1,984 $1,940 $1,925 $1,923 $1,899 $1,861 $1,802 $1,737 $1,719 $1,619 $1,597 $1,595 $1,568 $1,559 $1,537 $1,520 $1,430 $1,409 $1,389 $1,374 $1,371 $1,348 $1,336 $1,323 $1,305 $1,287 $1,274 $3,439 $2,219

California Hawaii Massachusetts Washington Colorado New York Utah New Jersey Rhode Island Oregon Montana New Hampshire Idaho Nevada Virginia Arizona Maryland Connecticut Vermont Florida Alaska South Carolina Tennessee Maine North Carolina Wyoming New Mexico Georgia Delaware Minnesota Texas Wisconsin South Dakota Illinois North Dakota Pennsylvania Nebraska Kansas Alabama Missouri Kentucky Indiana Arkansas Michigan Mississippi Ohio Louisiana Oklahoma West Virginia Iowa District of Columbia United States

Source: https://www.forbes.com/advisor/mortgages/real-estate/median-home-prices-by-state/

Rank State

TABLE 49

West Virginia ranks 49th in the median home price and monthly mortgage payment.

Source: Federal Housing Finance Agency

TABLE 50

HOUSING PRICE APPRECIATION (2nd Quarter 2025) West Virginia ranks 45th for the 25-year annualized rate for housing appreciation, 33rd for the 5-year annualized rate, and 35th for the 1-year rate. Rank State

25-Year Annualized

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

6.2% 6.0% 5.9% 5.8% 5.6% 5.6% 5.5% 5.5% 5.4% 5.3% 5.2% 5.2% 5.2% 5.1% 5.0% 5.0% 5.0% 4.9% 4.9% 4.9% 4.8% 4.8% 4.7% 4.7% 4.7% 4.6% 4.6% 4.6% 4.4% 4.3% 4.3% 4.2% 4.2% 4.1% 4.1% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 3.9% 3.9% 3.9% 3.8% 3.6% 3.6% 3.5% 3.4% 3.4% 3.3% 3.3% 6.5% 4.6%

Hawaii Idaho Montana Florida Washington Maine Utah Rhode Island Arizona California Vermont New Hampshire Oregon New York New Jersey Wyoming Nevada Colorado Virginia Tennessee Texas Massachusetts North Dakota Maryland South Dakota Pennsylvania South Carolina North Carolina Delaware Georgia New Mexico Wisconsin Alaska Missouri Connecticut Nebraska Oklahoma Kentucky Kansas Arkansas Minnesota Alabama Indiana Iowa West Virginia Ohio Louisiana Mississippi Michigan Illinois District of Columbia United States

5-Year Annualized Rank 1-Year Rank

8.4% 36 10.4% 11 11.1% 7 10.4% 12 8.0% 39 12.3% 1 9.4% 19 11.5% 4 9.5% 17 7.2% 44 11.6% 3 11.6% 2 6.8% 46 10.3% 13 11.5% 5 8.4% 37 8.5% 35 6.9% 45 9.1% 27 10.6% 10 7.9% 41 9.2% 24 6.5% 49 7.4% 43 9.1% 28 8.9% 32 10.8% 9 10.9% 8 8.9% 31 10.0% 15 9.2% 22 10.1% 14 6.7% 48 9.2% 25 11.4% 6 8.6% 34 7.9% 40 9.2% 23 9.1% 26 9.4% 20 6.8% 47 9.0% 30 9.4% 21 7.7% 42 8.7% 33 9.6% 16 4.6% 50 8.4% 38 9.5% 18 9.1% 29 1.8% 9.0%

4.3% 20 4.3% 21 2.4% 36 -1.4% 50 2.2% 38 6.0% 6 2.9% 32 5.6% 9 -0.4% 48 0.4% 46 -0.1% 47 6.0% 7 1.1% 44 8.0% 1 7.5% 3 4.8% 13 2.0% 40 -0.6% 49 3.8% 24 3.0% 30 0.6% 45 4.4% 18 5.4% 10 3.2% 29 3.4% 26 4.8% 14 3.2% 28 2.3% 37 1.8% 41 1.3% 43 4.6% 15 5.8% 8 2.8% 34 3.3% 27 7.8% 2 2.8% 33 2.0% 39 4.9% 12 4.6% 16 4.2% 23 3.5% 25 3.0% 31 4.2% 22 4.5% 17 2.7% 35 5.3% 11 1.3% 42 7.3% 4 4.4% 19 6.7% 5 -7.6% 2.9%

HOME OWNERSHIP RATES (2nd Quarter 2020–2nd Quarter 2025)

2025

2020

Change

1 2 3 4 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 22 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 33 35 36 37 38 39 39 41 42 43 44 45 46 46 48 49 50

77.2% 76.8% 75.3% 74.9% 74.9% 74.2% 73.4% 73.3% 72.6% 72.4% 72.3% 72.3% 71.4% 71.2% 70.8% 70.6% 70.5% 70.1% 69.9% 69.7% 69.4% 69.0% 69.0% 68.3% 68.0% 67.8% 67.6% 67.3% 67.1% 67.0% 66.7% 66.3% 66.0% 66.0% 65.7% 65.5% 64.6% 63.6% 63.4% 63.4% 63.3% 62.7% 62.6% 62.4% 62.0% 60.6% 60.6% 58.9% 55.3% 52.2% 42.4% 65.0%

78.2% 81.3% 76.8% 74.0% 77.4% 79.3% 72.6% 74.7% 75.2% 73.5% 71.7% 76.0% 70.1% 76.9% 73.8% 72.9% 70.7% 71.3% 70.6% 76.0% 74.4% 74.7% 72.1% 72.3% 70.1% 66.7% 74.6% 70.9% 71.9% 66.1% 72.0% 72.0% 67.0% 69.8% 65.5% 70.1% 68.7% 64.3% 72.6% 67.6% 64.3% 66.7% 63.5% 66.0% 65.7% 60.0% 74.1% 62.8% 56.4% 54.4% 42.5% 67.9%

-1.0% 13 -4.5% 38 -1.5% 20 0.9% 3 -2.5% 24 -5.1% 42 0.8% 5 -1.4% 19 -2.6% 25 -1.1% 16 0.6% 7 -3.7% 30 1.3% 1 -5.7% 44 -3.0% 26 -2.3% 23 -0.2% 9 -1.2% 18 -0.7% 10 -6.3% 47 -5.0% 41 -5.7% 45 -3.1% 27 -4.0% 34 -2.1% 21 1.1% 2 -7.0% 48 -3.6% 29 -4.8% 40 0.9% 3 -5.3% 43 -5.7% 45 -1.0% 13 -3.8% 32 0.2% 8 -4.6% 39 -4.1% 36 -0.7% 11 -9.2% 49 -4.2% 37 -1.0% 13 -4.0% 34 -0.9% 12 -3.6% 28 -3.7% 30 0.6% 6 -13.5% 50 -3.9% 33 -1.1% 17 -2.2% 22 -0.1% -2.9%

West Virginia Delaware Vermont Mississippi Wyoming Maine Indiana New Hampshire Michigan South Carolina Arizona Kentucky Ohio Alabama New Mexico Virginia Iowa Arkansas Montana Minnesota Utah Maryland Tennessee South Dakota Louisiana Connecticut Missouri Pennsylvania Nebraska Illinois Idaho Kansas Alaska Wisconsin North Dakota Florida Georgia New Jersey North Carolina Texas Rhode Island Washington Massachusetts Colorado Oregon Hawaii Oklahoma Nevada California New York District of Columbia United States

Rank

Source: Federal Housing Finance Agency

Rank State

TABLE 51

West Virginia ranks 1st for home ownership rates for 2025 and 13th for percent change since 2020.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

TABLE 52

HEALTHCARE EXPENDITURES PER CAPITA (2024) West Virginia ranks 4th in total health care expenditures per capita and ranks 1st in total health care expenditures as a percentage of total income. Rank State

Total Per Capita

Total (Billions)

Total as % of Personal Income

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

$14,044 $12,451 $12,221 $12,055 $11,987 $11,985 $11,667 $11,493 $11,071 $11,054 $10,913 $10,682 $10,639 $10,567 $10,468 $10,262 $10,202 $10,192 $10,148 $10,079 $10,036 $9,964 $9,931 $9,895 $9,864 $9,808 $9,747 $9,693 $9,640 $9,545 $9,456 $9,123 $9,066 $9,052 $9,023 $8,871 $8,760 $8,744 $8,680 $8,660 $8,562 $8,556 $8,469 $8,135 $8,078 $7,980 $7,807 $7,741 $7,536 $7,233 $13,865 $9,747

$10.4 $11.5 $242.8 $21.3 $12.6 $85.5 $9.3 $7.5 $76.7 $435.9 $15.3 $15.1 $39.1 $61.2 $99.5 $134.2 $121.2 $20.4 $46.7 $60.1 $62.7 $45.7 $42.4 $125.8 $11.0 $14.2 $11.1 $77.1 $5.7 $223.1 $59.2 $80.4 $26.9 $37.1 $91.5 $52.9 $63.3 $96.6 $97.0 $28.1 $26.4 $64.9 $18.0 $23.9 $16.2 $41.2 $244.3 $42.4 $24.6 $25.3 $9.7 $3,315.0

18.4% 2 16.4% 6 14.3% 18 21.8% 1 17.6% 3 12.8% 39 16.3% 8 16.1% 9 17.3% 4 12.8% 38 15.8% 10 12.8% 37 11.2% 45 14.0% 24 12.3% 41 14.5% 16 15.8% 11 14.0% 23 16.4% 7 14.9% 14 15.5% 13 17.1% 5 14.0% 22 13.3% 31 14.0% 25 13.8% 27 14.1% 21 11.4% 44 11.1% 47 13.1% 34 11.9% 42 11.8% 43 13.8% 29 14.2% 19 14.2% 20 10.7% 50 13.2% 33 13.3% 30 13.8% 28 13.3% 32 14.4% 17 13.0% 35 14.5% 15 15.6% 12 13.0% 36 13.9% 26 11.2% 46 12.7% 40 10.8% 48 10.7% 49 12.5% 13.3%

Alaska South Dakota New York West Virginia Delaware Massachusetts North Dakota Vermont Indiana California Maine New Hampshire Connecticut Minnesota New Jersey Pennsylvania Ohio Nebraska Louisiana Wisconsin Missouri Kentucky Oregon Illinois Rhode Island Hawaii Montana Washington Wyoming Florida Maryland Virginia Kansas Oklahoma Michigan Colorado Tennessee North Carolina Georgia Iowa Arkansas Arizona New Mexico Mississippi Idaho Alabama Texas South Carolina Nevada Utah District of Columbia United States

Rank

PERCENTAGE WITHOUT HEALTH INSURANCE (2024)

Rank State

% % % Uninsured Uninsured Uninsured 2023 Rank 2022 Rank 2010 Rank

Massachusetts 2.8% 2.6% 1 Hawaii 3.5% 3.2% 2 Vermont 4.2% 3.4% 3 New Hampshire 4.5% 4.7% 8 Rhode Island 4.6% 4.5% 5 New York 5.0% 4.8% 9 Michigan 5.1% 4.5% 5 Minnesota 5.1% 4.2% 4 Oregon 5.2% 5.5% 14 Wisconsin 5.3% 4.9% 10 Iowa 5.4% 5.0% 11 Maine 5.5% 5.9% 16 Connecticut 5.8% 5.7% 15 Pennsylvania 5.8% 5.4% 12 West Virginia 5.8% 5.9% 16 California 5.9% 6.4% 23 North Dakota 6.1% 4.5% 5 Maryland 6.3% 6.3% 21 Washington 6.5% 6.3% 21 Ohio 6.7% 6.1% 18 Kentucky 6.8% 5.4% 12 Delaware 6.9% 6.5% 25 Illinois 6.9% 6.2% 20 Virginia 6.9% 6.4% 23 Nebraska 7.1% 6.1% 18 Indiana 7.5% 6.9% 27 Louisiana 7.7% 6.9% 27 Missouri 7.7% 7.5% 30 New Jersey 7.7% 7.2% 29 Colorado 7.9% 6.7% 26 South Dakota 8.1% 8.3% 32 Alabama 8.2% 8.5% 35 Utah 8.3% 8.0% 31 Kansas 8.5% 8.4% 33 North Carolina 8.6% 9.2% 40 Montana 8.8% 8.4% 33 South Carolina 9.0% 9.1% 38 Idaho 9.2% 8.9% 36 Arkansas 9.4% 8.9% 36 Mississippi 9.7% 10.3% 43 Tennessee 9.7% 9.3% 41 New Mexico 10.1% 9.1% 38 Arizona 10.3% 9.9% 42 Wyoming 10.3% 10.7% 45 Florida 10.9% 10.7% 45 Alaska 11.0% 10.4% 44 Nevada 11.4% 10.8% 47 Oklahoma 11.5% 11.4% 48 Georgia 12.0% 11.4% 48 Texas 16.7% 16.4% 50 District of Columbia 4.5% 2.7% United States 8.2%

2.4% 1 3.5% 2 3.9% 3 4.9% 8 4.2% 4 4.9% 8 4.5% 5 4.5% 5 6.0% 17 5.2% 10 4.5% 5 6.6% 23 5.2% 10 5.3% 12 5.9% 15 6.5% 21 6.4% 20 6.1% 18 6.1% 18 5.9% 15 5.6% 13 5.6% 13 6.6% 23 6.5% 21 6.7% 25 7.0% 28 6.9% 27 8.6% 36 6.8% 26 7.1% 29 8.1% 30 8.8% 38 8.1% 30 8.6% 36 9.3% 40 8.3% 34 9.1% 39 8.2% 32 8.4% 35 10.8% 43 9.3% 40 8.2% 32 10.3% 42 11.5% 47 11.2% 46 11.0% 44 11.1% 45 11.7% 48 11.7% 48 16.6% 50 2.9% 8.0%

4.4% 7.9% 8.0% 11.1% 12.2% 11.9% 12.4% 9.1% 17.1% 9.4% 9.3% 10.1% 9.1% 10.2% 14.6% 18.5% 9.8% 11.3% 14.2% 12.3% 15.3% 9.7% 13.8% 13.1% 11.5% 14.8% 17.8% 13.2% 13.2% 15.9% 12.4% 14.6% 15.3% 13.9% 16.8% 17.3% 17.5% 17.7% 17.5% 18.2% 14.4% 19.6% 16.9% 14.9% 21.3% 19.9% 22.6% 18.9% 19.7% 23.7% 7.6% 15.5%

1 2 3 12 16 15 18 4 36 7 6 10 4 11 27 43 9 13 25 17 31 8 23 20 14 29 41 21 21 33 18 27 31 24 34 37 38 40 38 42 26 45 35 30 48 47 49 44 46 50

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 9 10 11 12 13 13 13 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 22 22 25 26 27 27 27 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 40 42 43 43 45 46 47 48 49 50

% Uninsured 2024

TABLE 53

West Virginia ranks 13th for the percentage of those without health insurance for 2024, ranked 16th for 2023 and 27th for 2010.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

TABLE 54

PERCENT OF PRIVATELY INSURED PERSONS WITH EMPLOYMENT-BASED INSURANCE (2024) West Virginia ranks 3rd for privately insured persons with employment-based insurance in 2024 and holds the 21st highest growth rate. Rank State

2024

2023

Change

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

86.1% 86.0% 85.4% 85.2% 85.2% 85.0% 84.4% 84.2% 84.2% 84.1% 83.9% 83.1% 83.0% 82.8% 82.6% 82.5% 82.0% 82.0% 81.9% 81.8% 81.6% 81.5% 81.4% 81.4% 81.3% 80.9% 80.9% 80.8% 80.7% 80.6% 80.4% 80.0% 79.9% 79.7% 79.7% 79.5% 79.4% 79.2% 78.4% 78.2% 78.2% 78.1% 77.7% 77.0% 76.8% 76.4% 75.8% 74.6% 73.0% 70.0% 87.3% 81.3%

85.1% 85.9% 85.5% 85.4% 85.5% 85.3% 85.1% 84.2% 84.6% 84.3% 84.2% 83.0% 83.2% 81.9% 82.5% 83.0% 82.7% 82.5% 81.8% 84.7% 82.1% 82.4% 81.6% 82.1% 82.1% 81.7% 82.3% 79.9% 81.1% 81.3% 79.9% 81.4% 80.0% 79.3% 79.6% 79.2% 79.5% 80.0% 78.6% 78.0% 79.4% 80.4% 78.3% 76.8% 78.3% 76.2% 76.2% 76.1% 74.3% 71.2% 87.8% 81.6%

1.0% 1 0.1% 13 -0.2% 21 -0.1% 18 -0.2% 24 -0.3% 26 -0.7% 36 0.0% 15 -0.4% 27 -0.2% 20 -0.3% 25 0.1% 11 -0.2% 23 0.9% 2 0.1% 12 -0.5% 31 -0.6% 34 -0.5% 30 0.1% 10 -2.9% 50 -0.5% 32 -0.9% 41 -0.2% 22 -0.7% 37 -0.8% 40 -0.7% 38 -1.4% 45 0.9% 3 -0.5% 29 -0.6% 35 0.5% 4 -1.4% 46 -0.1% 17 0.5% 5 0.0% 14 0.3% 6 0.0% 16 -0.7% 39 -0.2% 19 0.3% 9 -1.2% 43 -2.3% 49 -0.6% 33 0.3% 8 -1.5% 48 0.3% 7 -0.5% 28 -1.4% 47 -1.4% 44 -1.2% 42 -0.5% -0.3%

Connecticut New Jersey West Virginia Illinois Michigan Ohio Massachusetts New York Maryland Indiana Kentucky California Washington Alaska Pennsylvania Nevada Missouri Wisconsin Hawaii Delaware New Hampshire Utah Oregon Louisiana Minnesota Arizona Rhode Island Virginia Iowa Texas New Mexico Colorado Georgia Kansas Oklahoma Maine Tennessee Alabama Arkansas North Carolina Nebraska Vermont Idaho South Carolina North Dakota Wyoming Mississippi South Dakota Montana Florida District of Columbia United States

Rank

STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT HEALTH AND HOSPITAL SPENDING (2023)

Total as % of Personal Income

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

4.5% 1 4.1% 3 4.1% 2 2.7% 10 2.5% 11 3.3% 6 3.5% 5 3.1% 7 3.8% 4 2.9% 8 2.5% 12 2.7% 9 1.9% 17 2.3% 13 1.9% 16 2.3% 14 1.8% 18 1.7% 21 2.1% 15 1.8% 19 1.6% 26 1.6% 24 1.3% 30 1.7% 22 1.7% 20 1.1% 37 1.6% 25 1.7% 23 1.4% 28 1.5% 27 1.3% 32 1.3% 33 1.2% 36 1.4% 29 1.1% 38 1.1% 39 1.2% 35 1.3% 31 0.8% 43 1.0% 40 1.0% 41 1.2% 34 0.9% 42 0.8% 44 0.8% 45 0.7% 46 0.7% 47 0.5% 49 0.5% 48 0.3% 50 1.2% 1.9%

Wyoming New Mexico Alabama California Washington North Carolina South Carolina Iowa Mississippi Kansas Oregon Missouri New York Utah Alaska Michigan Texas Virginia Kentucky Indiana Florida Pennsylvania Colorado Tennessee Georgia Connecticut Ohio Louisiana Wisconsin Idaho Vermont Hawaii Minnesota Oklahoma Nebraska Illinois Delaware Arkansas Massachusetts Nevada Montana West Virginia Rhode Island New Jersey Maryland North Dakota Maine South Dakota Arizona New Hampshire District of Columbia United States

$3,710 $2,256 $2,238 $2,155 $2,060 $2,037 $2,023 $1,950 $1,912 $1,826 $1,698 $1,680 $1,547 $1,470 $1,381 $1,381 $1,244 $1,240 $1,147 $1,127 $1,106 $1,093 $1,073 $1,064 $1,014 $988 $988 $978 $909 $863 $860 $851 $844 $841 $773 $761 $752 $726 $702 $663 $654 $652 $637 $632 $568 $534 $426 $360 $309 $230 $1,279 $1,305

$2,171 $4,786 $11,456 $84,465 $16,190 $22,165 $10,901 $6,275 $5,627 $5,390 $7,221 $10,427 $30,524 $5,063 $1,017 $13,923 $38,232 $10,835 $5,219 $7,755 $25,326 $14,233 $6,330 $7,607 $11,215 $3,600 $11,678 $4,487 $5,393 $1,702 $558 $1,227 $4,858 $3,417 $1,536 $9,616 $779 $2,227 $4,963 $2,130 $739 $1,154 $703 $5,929 $3,531 $422 $596 $331 $2,307 $322 $879 $439,435

Rank

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Total Total Rank State Per Capita (Millions)

TABLE 55

West Virginia ranks 42nd for government healthcare spending per capita and 34th for healthcare spending as a rate of personal income.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, United Health Foundation

TABLE 56

OCCUPATIONAL INJURY AND ILLNESS INCIDENCE (2023) West Virgina ranks 2nd for fatalities per 100,000 workers and 16th for injury and illness per 100 workers. Rank State

Fatalities Per 100K Workers 2022

Injury/Illness Per 100 Workers 2023

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 12 13 13 15 16 17 18 18 20 21 21 21 24 24 26 27 28 29 29 31 32 32 32 32 36 37 37 37 40 40 42 43 43 43 43 47 48 49 50

16.0 8.3 7.5 7.4 7.1 6.9 6.3 5.9 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.1 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.2 4.4 3.6

2.7 2.6 1.9 3.1 3.4 No Data Available No Data Available 3.1 1.4 No Data Available 2.2 2.5 1.9 4.0 2.5 2.8 No Data Available 2.4 No Data Available 4.2 2.6 1.8 2.5 No Data Available 3.3 2.8 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.6 2.2 2.4 No Data Available No Data Available 2.2 2.6 2.7 2.1 3.4 2.1 3.4 3.1 3.0 2.2 2.4 2.8 2.3 2.6 2.3 No Data Available 1.2 2.4

Wyoming West Virginia Arkansas Alaska Montana North Dakota Mississippi Iowa Louisiana Idaho Tennessee Indiana South Carolina Vermont Nebraska Kentucky New Mexico Oklahoma South Dakota Maine Missouri Texas Utah Georgia Nevada Wisconsin Kansas North Carolina Alabama Michigan Massachusetts Arizona Florida New Hampshire Ohio Pennsylvania Colorado New York Oregon Virginia Washington Hawaii California Delaware Illinois Minnesota Maryland Connecticut New Jersey Rhode Island District of Columbia United States

Rank

14 16 38 7 3 N/A N/A 7 41 N/A 30 21 38 2 21 11 N/A 25 N/A 1 16 40 21 N/A 6 11 21 36 36 16 30 25 N/A N/A 30 16 14 34 3 34 3 7 10 30 25 11 28 16 28 N/A

PARTISAN COMPOSITION OF STATE GOVERNMENTS (August 29, 2025)

State

Senate Dem.

Senate Rep.

Senate Other

House Dem.

House Rep.

House Other

Governor’s Party

Source: National Conference of State Legislators

Alabama 8 27 29 71 5 vacant Rep Alaska 9 11 14 21 5 Rep Arizona 13 17 27 33 Dem Arkansas 6 29 19 81 Rep California 30 10 60 19 1 vacant Dem Colorado 23 12 43 21 1 vacant Dem Connecticut 25 11 102 49 Dem Delaware 15 6 27 14 Dem Florida 10 26 1, 3 vacant 32 86 2 vacant Rep Georgia 23 32 1 vacant 80 100 Rep Hawaii 22 3 42 9 Dem Idaho 6 29 9 61 Rep Illinois 40 19 78 40 Dem Indiana 10 40 30 70 Rep Iowa 17 33 33 67 Rep Kansas 9 31 37 88 Dem Kentucky 6 32 20 80 Dem Louisiana 11 28 32 73 Rep Maine 20 14 1 76 73 2 Dem Maryland 34 13 102 39 Dem Massachusetts 35 5 134 25 1 Dem Michigan 19 18 1 vacant 52 58 Dem Minnesota 33 32 2 vacant 66 67 1 vacant Dem Mississippi 14 36 2 vacant 39 80 2, 1 vacant Rep Missouri 10 24 52 108 3 vacant Rep Montana 18 32 42 58 Rep Nebraska 49 Unicameral/Nonpartisan Rep Nevada 13 8 27 15 Rep New Hampshire 8 16 177 218 2, 3 vacant Rep New Jersey 25 15 52 28 Dem New Mexico 26 16 44 26 Dem New York 41 22 103 47 Dem North Carolina 20 30 49 71 Dem North Dakota 5 42 11 81 2 vacant Rep Ohio 9 24 33 65 1 vacant Rep Oklahoma 8 40 20 81 Rep Oregon 18 12 36 24 Dem Pennsylvania 23 27 102 101 Dem Rhode Island 34 4 64 10 1 Dem South Carolina 12 33 1 vacant 36 86 2 vacant Rep South Dakota 3 32 6 63 1 vacant Rep Tennessee 6 27 24 75 Rep Texas 11 19 1 vacant 62 88 Rep Utah 6 22 1 14 61 Rep Vermont 16 13 1 87 56 7 Rep Virginia 21 19 51 48 1 vacant Rep Washington 30 19 59 39 Dem West Virginia 2 32 9 91 Rep Wisconsin 15 18 45 54 Dem Wyoming 2 28 1 vacant 6 56 Rep Wyoming 2 29 6 56 Rep np = nonpartisan; v = vacant

TABLE 57

West Virginia has a larger number of Republicans in both the House and Senate and the office of the governor is held by a Republican.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, United Health Foundation

TABLE 58

PER CAPITA PERSONAL INCOME BY WEST VIRGINIA COUNTY (2024) West Virginia has a median household income of $59,608, with Jefferson County ranking the highest; and the state has a poverty rate of 16.7%, with McDowell County having the highest poverty rate. Rank County

Per Capita Personal Income 2023

Median Household Income 2019-2023 Rank

Poverty Rate

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55

$46,514 $42,045 $41,822 $39,036 $38,914 $38,731 $38,134 $37,354 $37,064 $36,317 $35,791 $35,594 $34,967 $34,952 $34,950 $34,707 $34,465 $34,362 $34,200 $34,184 $34,150 $33,377 $32,910 $32,265 $32,176 $31,472 $31,337 $31,258 $30,795 $30,362 $30,062 $30,056 $30,013 $29,801 $29,428 $29,069 $29,033 $28,797 $28,780 $28,113 $28,037 $27,995 $27,681 $27,304 $26,269 $25,658 $25,639 $25,319 $24,990 $24,781 $24,646 $24,030 $23,977 $20,425 $17,253 $34,203 $44,673

$98,806 1 $65,346 7 $79,527 3 $60,932 15 $80,815 2 $69,375 5 $57,094 23 $60,943 14 $61,466 13 $72,179 4 $60,377 16 $63,693 9 $58,845 19 $67,370 6 $53,358 32 $57,810 20 $63,116 10 $56,477 27 $59,169 17 $54,316 31 $55,832 28 $64,931 8 $58,878 18 $54,639 29 $57,795 21 $43,980 49 $56,836 25 $48,218 45 $62,361 11 $53,210 33 $57,401 22 $49,723 42 $54,338 30 $49,272 43 $49,761 41 $52,757 35 $61,880 12 $52,150 36 $57,093 24 $53,194 34 $51,394 37 $56,750 26 $50,582 38 $45,778 48 $49,867 40 $40,699 53 $50,331 39 $46,205 47 $43,839 50 $42,318 51 $42,119 52 $48,440 44 $38,119 54 $47,981 46 $31,559 55 $59,608 $80,734

8.7% 18.1% 9.6% 15.9% 11.0% 13.2% 19.2% 15.3% 13.6% 11.2% 14.2% 16.6% 17.5% 14.7% 14.7% 15.5% 14.1% 16.2% 17.6% 13.6% 17.2% 12.2% 14.9% 16.4% 16.8% 22.9% 16.5% 16.2% 14.5% 17.9% 19.2% 21.1% 18.5% 14.1% 16.3% 17.3% 15.4% 18.7% 18.8% 20.8% 19.3% 13.9% 14.8% 19.2% 16.6% 24.2% 19.9% 21.4% 24.4% 20.1% 17.4% 24.8% 25.7% 26.8% 38.4% 16.7% 10.6%

Jefferson Monongalia Putnam Pleasants Berkeley Mineral Ohio Kanawha Hancock Morgan Harrison Tyler Jackson Marion Tucker Wood Hampshire Lewis Marshall Brooke Cabell Pendleton Wayne Nicholas Taylor Calhoun Wetzel Greenbrier Grant Mercer Doddridge Logan Upshur Hardy Mason Randolph Preston Raleigh Boone Fayette Barbour Monroe Ritchie Roane Wirt Summers Braxton Lincoln Webster Clay Pocahontas Wyoming Mingo Gilmer McDowell West Virginia United States

Rank

1 36 2 21 3 6 40 18 7 4 12 27 33 14 14 20 10 22 34 7 30 5 17 25 29 49 26 22 13 35 40 47 37 10 24 31 19 38 39 46 43 9 16 40 27 50 44 48 51 45 32 52 53 54 55

POPULATION AND CHANGE IN POPULATION BY COUNTY (April 2020-July 2025)

Population County

July 2025

April 2020

Kanawha 172,381 180,745 Berkeley 139,522 122,076 Monongalia 107,991 105,822 Cabell 91,183 94,350 Wood 82,385 84,296 Raleigh 71,775 74,591 Harrison 64,221 65,921 Jefferson 63,102 57,701 Mercer 57,503 59,664 Putnam 56,885 57,441 Marion 55,584 56,205 Ohio 40,496 42,425 Fayette 38,165 40,488 Wayne 37,309 38,982 Preston 34,004 34,216 Greenbrier 31,578 32,977 Logan 30,375 32,567 Marshall 29,159 30,591 Hancock 27,729 29,095 Jackson 27,450 27,791 Randolph 26,882 27,932 Mineral 26,792 26,938 Mason 24,707 25,453 Hampshire 24,105 23,093 Nicholas 23,848 24,604 Upshur 23,758 23,816 Mingo 21,455 23,568 Brooke 21,142 22,559 Boone 20,251 21,809 Wyoming 19,801 21,382 Lincoln 19,177 20,463 Morgan 18,027 17,063 McDowell 16,878 19,111 Lewis 16,394 17,033 Taylor 16,287 16,705 Barbour 15,414 15,465 Hardy 14,337 14,299 Wetzel 13,734 14,442 Roane 13,317 14,028 Monroe 12,491 12,376 Braxton 11,885 12,447 Summers 11,532 11,959 Grant 11,041 10,976 Ritchie 8,034 8,444 Tyler 7,881 8,313 Webster 7,760 8,378 Doddridge 7,634 7,808 Pocahontas 7,602 7,869 Clay 7,538 8,051 Pleasants 7,338 7,653 Gilmer 7,085 7,408 Tucker 6,540 6,762 Calhoun 5,978 6,229 Pendleton 5,826 6,143 Wirt 4,879 5,194 West Virginia 1,766,147 1,793,716 United States 341,784,857 331,449,281

% Change

Rank

-4.6% 37 14.3% 1 2.0% 5 -3.4% 23 -2.3% 17 -3.8% 29 -2.6% 19 9.4% 2 -3.6% 26 -1.0% 13 -1.1% 14 -4.5% 36 -5.7% 45 -4.3% 33 -0.6% 12 -4.2% 32 -6.7% 50 -4.7% 38 -4.7% 39 -1.2% 15 -3.8% 28 -0.5% 11 -2.9% 20 4.4% 4 -3.1% 21 -0.2% 9 -9.0% 54 -6.3% 47 -7.1% 51 -7.4% 53 -6.3% 48 5.6% 3 -11.7% 55 -3.8% 27 -2.5% 18 -0.3% 10 0.3% 8 -4.9% 41 -5.1% 42 0.9% 6 -4.5% 35 -3.6% 25 0.6% 7 -4.9% 40 -5.2% 44 -7.4% 52 -2.2% 16 -3.4% 24 -6.4% 49 -4.1% 31 -4.4% 34 -3.3% 22 -4.0% 30 -5.2% 43 -6.1% 46 -1.5% 3.1%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55

TABLE 59

West Virginia had an overall decline in population from 2020 to 2025. Only eight counties saw their population increase, with Berkeley County having the highest growth. McDowell County had the largest decline on a percentage basis, losing over 11% of its 2020 population in those five years.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of Economic Analysis

TABLE 60

PERCENTAGE OF WORKERS WHO WORKED FROM HOME (2024) The Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metro Area has the 5th highest percentage of workers who worked from home in 2024. Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Metropolitan Area Raleigh-Cary, NC Metro Area Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX Metro Area Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO Metro Area Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA Metro Area Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metro Area Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL Metro Area Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metro Area San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA Metro Area Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Metro Area Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA Metro Area Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ Metro Area Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI Metro Area Jacksonville, FL Metro Area Columbus, OH Metro Area Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL Metro Area Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN Metro Area Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA Metro Area Salt Lake City-Murray, UT Metro Area Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH Metro Area San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA Metro Area Richmond, VA Metro Area Pittsburgh, PA Metro Area Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX Metro Area Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metro Area Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD Metro Area Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metro Area Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN Metro Area Kansas City, MO-KS Metro Area San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA Metro Area Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL Metro Area Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT Metro Area Indianapolis-Carmel-Greenwood, IN Metro Area Cleveland, OH Metro Area San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX Metro Area St. Louis, MO-IL Metro Area Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI Metro Area New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ Metro Area Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN Metro Area Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI Metro Area Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN Metro Area Houston-Pasadena-The Woodlands, TX Metro Area Las Vegas-Henderson-North Las Vegas, NV Metro Area Grand Rapids-Wyoming-Kentwood, MI Metro Area Virginia Beach-Chesapeake-Norfolk, VA-NC Metro Area Providence-Warwick, RI-MA Metro Area Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA Metro Area Birmingham, AL Metro Area Oklahoma City, OK Metro Area Memphis, TN-MS-AR Metro Area Fresno, CA Metro Area

PERCENTAGE OF WORKERS WHO WORKED FROM HOME CONT’D (2024)

2023 24.5% 24.9% 22.3% 21.2% 21.9% 19.5% 21.5% 20.5% 19.1% 20.3% 19.4% 19.1% 19.3% 16.8% 17.5% 17.4% 18.3% 18.5% 17.7% 16.0% 16.6% 15.4% 16.5% 16.9% 16.3% 15.0% 15.5% 15.7% 16.2% 14.6% 14.9% 15.0% 12.8% 14.8% 13.9% 14.5% 13.5% 13.2% 13.8% 12.4% 12.6% 12.0% 12.1% 11.8% 10.8% 11.4% 10.7% 10.1% 9.3% 9.2%

Rank 2 1 3 6 4 9 5 7 13 8 10 12 11 20 17 18 15 14 16 25 21 28 22 19 23 30 27 26 24 33 31 29 39 32 35 34 37 38 36 41 40 43 42 44 46 45 47 48 49 50

2021 31.0% 32.2% 27.5% 27.5% 33.1% 21.2% 25.3% 35.1% 24.2% 30.6% 23.4% 26.0% 17.9% 23.0% 19.0% 20.6% 23.3% 22.9% 26.9% 22.1% 23.0% 21.1% 20.7% 23.6% 22.2% 21.2% 21.5% 20.0% 34.8% 16.1% 20.3% 17.7% 16.5% 15.8% 18.7% 17.9% 22.8% 17.1% 19.8% 15.4% 15.5% 13.3% 13.9% 13.8% 15.8% 13.6% 13.7% 12.3% 11.7% 11.2%

Rank 5 4 7 7 3 23 11 1 12 6 14 10 33 16 31 27 15 18 9 21 16 25 26 13 20 23 22 29 2 38 28 35 37 39 32 33 19 36 30 42 41 47 43 44 39 46 45 48 49 50

2019 10.2% 10.5% 9.1% 8.0% 6.3% 8.6% 8.0% 7.2% 8.8% 6.5% 7.9% 6.5% 7.5% 5.4% 7.0% 7.8% 7.8% 6.5% 5.6% 7.5% 5.8% 5.8% 6.6% 5.9% 5.5% 6.3% 5.7% 6.4% 4.8% 6.3% 5.3% 5.7% 4.8% 4.8% 5.1% 4.7% 4.8% 5.4% 4.4% 5.1% 5.1% 4.7% 4.8% 4.5% 4.0% 5.9% 4.0% 4.4% 3.6% 5.4%

Rank 2 1 3 6 20 5 6 13 4 16 8 16 11 31 14 9 9 16 29 11 25 25 15 23 30 20 27 19 38 20 34 27 38 38 35 43 38 31 46 35 35 43 38 45 48 23 48 46 50 31

TABLE 60

2024 23.5% 23.2% 22.6% 20.0% 19.9% 19.3% 19.0% 18.9% 18.8% 18.5% 17.8% 17.4% 17.4% 16.9% 16.8% 16.8% 16.8% 16.3% 16.2% 16.1% 16.1% 15.7% 15.6% 15.4% 15.1% 14.9% 14.9% 14.7% 14.6% 14.3% 13.8% 13.6% 13.5% 13.4% 13.3% 12.9% 12.9% 12.7% 12.5% 12.5% 12.1% 11.4% 11.4% 11.3% 11.1% 10.9% 10.8% 10.5% 9.9% 8.4%

Source: Tax Foundation

TABLE 61

WORKFORCE PARTICIPATION RATE (2025) West Virginia ranks 50th in workforce participation. Rank

1 2 3 4 5 6 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 15 16 16 18 18 20 21 21 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 29 31 32 32 34 35 36 37 37 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

State

2025

2024

Rank

Nebraska 70.1% 69.4% 1 North Dakota 69.7% 69.3% 2 Minnesota 68.3% 68.1% 4 South Dakota 68.2% 68.0% 5 Utah 68.0% 68.6% 3 Iowa 67.8% 67.0% 8 Kansas 67.8% 67.3% 7 Colorado 67.2% 67.8% 6 Massachusetts 66.5% 66.4% 9 Alaska 65.7% 65.1% 13 New Hampshire 65.5% 65.5% 10 Texas 64.8% 64.8% 17 Maryland 64.5% 65.1% 13 Wisconsin 64.5% 65.3% 11 Virginia 64.3% 65.3% 11 Connecticut 64.2% 64.4% 19 Illinois 64.2% 65.0% 15 Rhode Island 64.1% 64.6% 18 Vermont 64.1% 64.9% 16 Indiana 63.8% 63.7% 22 Missouri 63.6% 63.5% 23 New Jersey 63.6% 64.0% 20 Idaho 63.3% 63.8% 21 Nevada 63.1% 62.8% 27 Oklahoma 63.0% 63.1% 25 Oregon 62.9% 62.6% 30 Washington 62.8% 63.3% 24 Ohio 62.5% 62.7% 29 California 62.4% 62.2% 31 Montana 62.4% 63.0% 26 Arizona 62.1% 61.9% 33 Pennsylvania 61.6% 62.0% 32 Wyoming 61.6% 62.8% 27 Michigan 61.2% 61.9% 33 New York 61.1% 60.8% 36 Georgia 60.9% 61.6% 35 Hawaii 60.6% 60.2% 38 Tennessee 60.6% 60.0% 40 Maine 59.9% 60.1% 39 Delaware 59.8% 60.0% 40 North Carolina 59.5% 60.3% 37 Arkansas 58.7% 58.2% 44 South Carolina 58.4% 58.4% 43 Kentucky 58.3% 58.2% 44 Louisiana 58.2% 58.1% 46 Florida 57.8% 58.5% 42 New Mexico 57.7% 57.7% 47 Alabama 57.6% 57.6% 48 Mississippi 55.8% 55.1% 49 West Virginia 54.5% 55.1% 49 District of Columbia 72.2% 72.7% United States 62.5% 62.6%

2023

Rank

69.3% 1 69.0% 3 68.2% 4 68.2% 4 69.1% 2 67.5% 7 67.0% 8 68.1% 6 65.5% 10 65.0% 13 65.3% 12 64.7% 15 64.8% 14 65.4% 11 65.9% 9 64.3% 18 64.4% 17 63.9% 21 64.3% 18 63.4% 24 63.3% 25 64.5% 16 63.6% 23 62.6% 28 62.8% 27 62.3% 29 64.1% 20 62.1% 32 62.2% 30 63.1% 26 62.0% 33 62.2% 30 63.7% 22 61.6% 35 61.0% 37 62.0% 33 60.2% 39 60.0% 40 59.5% 41 60.9% 38 61.2% 36 57.8% 45 58.1% 44 57.7% 46 58.3% 43 59.0% 42 57.3% 47 57.1% 48 54.5% 50 55.1% 49 72.2% 62.2%

Our Track Record of Success The West Virginia Chamber has championed policies that have transformed our business climate, created jobs and built a stronger foundation for our families and communities.

Strengthening Business & Jobs • Led the privatization of the state’s Workers’ Compensation system • Made WV the 26th Right-to-Work state • Eliminated the Business Franchise Tax and lowered the Corporate Net Income Tax Reforming and Modernizing Our Systems • Enacted landmark legal and insurance reforms saving over $100 million • Championed medical malpractice reforms that ended the doctor shortage crisis • Advanced regulatory reforms to promote fairness and efficiency • Championed the streamlining of permitting for natural gas power generation Innovation, Workforce & Families • Passed childcare tax credits to support working parents • Created tax relief for technology services • Secured state insurance reforms to protect affordability and solvency Accountability & Fairness in Government • Helped elect a rule-of-law Supreme Court • Protected small businesses from forced municipal annexation Proven Results: Scan the QR Code. (https://wvchamber.com/moving-wv-forward/)

Our Agenda for the Future Our work is not done. To keep West Virginia moving forward, we’re advocating for policies that expand opportunity, strengthen education and ensure our state remains a top destination for business, families and innovation. Strengthening the Business Climate • Lower the Corporate Net Income Tax to make WV a Top 10 state for competitiveness • Eliminate the tax on machinery, equipment and inventory • Reduce unemployment insurance taxes for employers • Incentivize downstream use of natural gas Ensuring Legal Fairness & Efficiency • Reduce statute of limitations on contracts for greater legal clarity • Eliminate phantom damages and increase transparency in verdicts • Offer competitive judicial pay to attract and retain top talent Supporting Families & Workforce • Implement statewide Childcare Tri-Share model (state + employers + employees) • Increase tax credits for employer-sponsored childcare Investing in Education & Opportunity • Expand FAFSA assistance to connect students with scholarships • Increase teacher pay and streamline hiring and transfer process Bold Vision: Scan the QR Code. (https://wvchamber.com/moving-wv-forward/)

Contact the West Virginia Chamber: Steve Roberts, President sroberts@wvchamber.com

Kathy Thomas, Vice President & CFO kthomas@wvchamber.com

Brian Dayton, Vice President of Policy & Advocacy bdayton@wvchamber.com

Lilly Barickman, Senior Manager of Communications & Engagement lbarickman@wvchamber.com

Andrea Oxley, Business Development, Policy and Strategic Growth Lead aoxley@wvchamber.com

Kaitlyn N. Pytlak-Morra, Attorney and Counsel kpytlak-morra@wvchamber.com

Elizabeth House, Executive Director, West Virginia Chamber Foundation ehouse@wvchamber.com

West Virginia Chamber of Commerce 1624 Kanawha Blvd. East, Charleston, WV 25311 304-342-1115

1624 Kanawha Blvd. East, Charleston WV 25311

wvchamber.com

Photo by Perry Bennett Photography