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Chapter 01: Introduction to the Body Patton: The Human Body in Health & Disease, 8th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which word is derived from the Greek word meaning “cutting up”? a. Dissection b. Physiology c. Pathology d. Anatomy ANS: D REF: P. 3

PTS: 1 DIF: TOP: Introduction

Memorization

2. Which word is defined as the study of the function of living organisms and their parts? a. Dissection b. Physiology c. Pathology d. Anatomy ANS: B REF: p. 3

PTS: 1 DIF: TOP: Introduction

Memorization

3. Which word is defined as the scientific study of disease? a. Dissection b. Physiology c. Pathology d. Anatomy ANS: C REF: P. 3

PTS: 1 DIF: TOP: Introduction

Memorization

4. Cells a. are more complex than tissues. b. are the first level of organization in the body. c. are the smallest living units of structure and function in the body. d. both B and C. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Structural levels of organization

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 6

5. A group of cells that act together to perform a function is called a(n) a. molecule. b. organ. c. tissue. d. organism. ANS: C REF: p. 6

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Structural levels of organization

6. The heart is an example of a(n) a. organ. b. tissue. c. organism. d. system. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Structural levels of organization

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 6

7. The levels of organization from most simple to most complex are a. cell chemical organ tissue system. b. tissue cell chemical organ system. c. chemical tissue cell organ system. d. chemical cell tissue organ system. ANS: D REF: p. 5

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Structural levels of organization

8. When using directional terms to describe the body, it is assumed that the body is in what position? a. Supine b. Anatomical c. Lateral d. Prone ANS: B REF: p. 7

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical position

9. The supine position a. describes the body lying face up. b. is also called anatomical position. c. describes the body lying face down. d. both A and B. ANS: A REF: p. 7

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical position

10. The prone position a. describes the body lying face up. b. is also called the anatomical position. c. describes the body lying face down. d. both B and C. ANS: C REF: p. 7

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical position

11. Because humans walk upright, the term dorsal can be used in place of the term a. inferior. b. posterior. c. anterior. d. distal.

ANS: B REF: p. 7

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical direction

12. The opposite term for posterior in humans is a. superior. b. anterior. c. ventral. d. both B and C. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Anatomical direction

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 7

13. The opposite term for superficial is a. deep. b. inferior. c. posterior. d. medial. ANS: A REF: p. 7

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical direction

14. The body section that divides the right ear from the left ear is a a. frontal b. sagittal c. coronal d. transverse ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Planes or body sections

DIF:

Application

section.

REF: p. 9

15. The body section that divides the nose from the back of the head is a a. frontal b. sagittal c. midsagittal d. transverse ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Planes or body sections

DIF:

Application

16. A section that divides the body into mirror images is a a. frontal b. coronal c. midsagittal d. transverse ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: Planes or body sections

DIF:

section.

REF: p. 9

section.

Application

REF: p. 9

17. The two major body cavities are called a. thoracic and abdominal. b. thoracic and pelvic.

c. dorsal and ventral. d. mediastinum and pleural. ANS: C REF: p. 9

PTS: 1 DIF: TOP: Body cavities

Memorization

18. The liver can be found in the a. upper right quadrant. b. epigastric region. c. hypogastric region. d. both A and B. ANS: D PTS: TOP: Body cavities

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 10

19. The word “leg” correctly describes the a. area from the hip to the foot. b. area from the knee to the ankle. c. area between the hip and the knee. d. femoral area. ANS: B REF: p. 13

PTS: 1 DIF: TOP: Body regions

Memorization

20. The human body tries to maintain a constant body temperature. This is an example of a. homeostasis. b. a positive feedback loop. c. an effector. d. a sensor. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: The balance of body functions

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 14

21. The part of a feedback loop that has the direct effect on the regulated condition is called a. homeostasis. b. the effector. c. the sensor. d. the control center. ANS: B REF: p. 14

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: The balance of body functions

22. The part of the feedback loop that detects a change in the regulated condition is called a. homeostasis. b. the effector. c. the sensor. d. the control center. ANS: C REF: p. 14

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: The balance of body functions

23. The part of the feedback loop that compares the present condition within a body part or region to its homeostatic condition is called a. homeostasis. b. the effector. c. the sensor. d. the control center. ANS: D REF: p. 14

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: The balance of body functions

24. When your body temperature drops below normal, your muscles begin to contract rapidly, making you shiver and generating heat. In this case your muscles are acting as the a. sensor. b. effector. c. control center. d. both A and C. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: The balance of body functions

DIF:

Synthesis

REF: p. 14

25. Which of the following body functions is an example of a positive feedback loop? a. Maintaining a pH of 7.45 in the body b. Forming a blood clot c. Uterine contractions during labor d. Both B and C ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: The balance of body functions

DIF:

Application

26. The level of organization that precedes the organ level is the a. system b. cellular c. tissue d. chemical ANS: C REF: p. 5

REF: pp. 15-16

level.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Structural levels of organization

27. Which of these terms cannot be applied to a body in the anatomical position? a. Dorsal b. Posterior c. Supine d. Both A and B ANS: C REF: p. 7

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical position

28. Which term means toward the head? a. Anterior b. Superior c. Superficial

d. Ventral ANS: B REF: p. 7

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical direction

29. Which describes the anatomical relationship of the wrist to the elbow? a. The elbow is proximal to the wrist. b. The elbow is distal to the wrist. c. The elbow is superficial to the wrist. d. The elbow is lateral to the wrist. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: Anatomical direction

DIF:

Application

30. A coronal plane or section is another term for a a. sagittal b. midsagittal c. transverse d. frontal ANS: D REF: p. 9

REF: p. 7

plane.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Planes or body sections

31. The muscular sheet called the diaphragm divides the a. right and left pleural cavities. b. thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavities. c. abdominal and pelvic cavities. d. thoracic cavity and mediastinum. ANS: B REF: p. 9

PTS: 1 DIF: TOP: Body cavities

Memorization

32. Which is not a part of the upper abdominopelvic region? a. Right hypochondriac region b. Epigastric region c. Hypogastric region d. All of the above are part of the upper abdominopelvic region. ANS: C REF: p. 10

PTS: 1 DIF: TOP: Body cavities

Memorization

MATCHING Match each term with its corresponding definition or description. a. Chemical level b. Cellular level c. Tissue level d. Organ level e. System level f. Organism

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

The smallest “living” part of the body A word used to denote a living thing Level that includes atoms and molecules Level made up of groups of tissues working together to perform a task Level that is the most complex unit within the organism Level that is made up of a group of cells working together to perform a task

1. ANS: B REF: p. 6 2. ANS: F REF: p. 5 3. ANS: A REF: p. 5 4. ANS: D REF: p. 6 5. ANS: E REF: p. 6 6. ANS: C REF: p. 6

PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP:

1 DIF: Memorization Structural levels of organization 1 DIF: Memorization Structural levels of organization 1 DIF: Memorization Structural levels of organization 1 DIF: Memorization Structural levels of organization 1 DIF: Memorization Structural levels of organization 1 DIF: Memorization Structural levels of organization

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description. a. Superior b. Anterior c. Medial d. Proximal e. Superficial f. Inferior g. Posterior h. Lateral i. Distal j. Deep 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

Nearer to the surface of the body Toward the head or above Toward the midline of the body Away from the trunk or point of origin Toward the feet or below Toward the back Farther away from the surface of the body Toward the side Toward the front Nearest to the trunk or point of origin

7. ANS: REF: 8. ANS: REF: 9. ANS:

E p. 7 A p. 7 C

PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS:

1 DIF: Memorization Anatomical direction 1 DIF: Memorization Anatomical direction 1 DIF: Memorization

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

REF: ANS: REF: ANS: REF: ANS: REF: ANS: REF: ANS: REF: ANS: REF: ANS: REF:

p. 7 I p. 7 F p. 7 G p. 7 J p. 7 H p. 7 B p. 7 D p. 7

TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP:

Anatomical direction 1 DIF: Memorization Anatomical direction 1 DIF: Memorization Anatomical direction 1 DIF: Memorization Anatomical direction 1 DIF: Memorization Anatomical direction 1 DIF: Memorization Anatomical direction 1 DIF: Memorization Anatomical direction 1 DIF: Memorization Anatomical direction

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description. a. Frontal plane b. Transverse plane c. Sagittal plane d. Diaphragm e. Thoracic cavity f. Abdominopelvic cavity g. Cranial cavity h. Mediastinum 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.

A muscular sheet dividing the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities The lower part of the ventral body cavity Divides the body into right and left sides Part of the dorsal cavity that contains the brain Divides the body into upper and lower parts A subdivision of the thoracic cavity Divides the body into front and rear parts Cavity that is subdivided into pleural cavities

17. ANS: REF: 18. ANS: REF: 19. ANS: REF: 20. ANS: REF: 21. ANS: REF: 22. ANS: REF: 23. ANS:

D p. 9 F p. 9 C p. 9 G p. 9 B p. 9 H p. 9 A

PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS:

1 DIF: Memorization Body cavities 1 DIF: Memorization Body cavities 1 DIF: Memorization Planes or body sections 1 DIF: Memorization Body cavities 1 DIF: Memorization Planes or body sections 1 DIF: Memorization Body cavities 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 9 24. ANS: E REF: p. 9

TOP: Planes or body sections PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Body cavities

SHORT ANSWER 1. Explain the difference between anatomy and physiology. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: TOP: Introduction

Memorization

REF: P. 3

2. Name and explain the structural levels of organization of the body and give an example of each. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Application TOP: Structural levels of organization

REF: pp. 5-6

3. Describe the anatomical position. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical position

REF: p. 7

4. Define or explain the words “prone” and “supine.” ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical position

REF: p. 7

5. Name and describe the three planes or body sections. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Planes or body sections

REF: p. 9

6. Name the two major body cavities, and describe what is in each.

ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: TOP: Body cavities

Memorization

REF: p. 9

7. Explain the three parts of a negative feedback loop. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: The balance of body functions

REF: p. 15

8. What is meant by a negative feedback loop? Give an example of a negative feedback loop in the body. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Application TOP: The balance of body functions

REF: p. 15

9. What is meant by a positive feedback loop? Give an example of a positive feedback loop in the body. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Application TOP: The balance of body functions

REF: pp. 15-16

10. List the anatomical directions, and explain each of them. If there are alternate terms for an anatomical direction, give those terms also. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical direction

REF: p. 7

TRUE/FALSE 1. Anatomy is defined as the study of the structure of an organism. ANS: T REF: P. 3

PTS: 1 DIF: TOP: Introduction

Memorization

2. The word “dissection” comes from Greek word meaning “cutting up.” ANS: F REF: P. 3

PTS: 1 DIF: TOP: Introduction

Memorization

3. Anatomy deals with the study of structure, whereas physiology deals with the study of function. ANS: T REF: P. 3

PTS: 1 DIF: TOP: Introduction

Memorization

4. Pathology is the scientific study of disease. ANS: T REF: P. 3

PTS: 1 DIF: TOP: Introduction

Memorization

5. A protein molecule is considered to be at the cellular level of organization. ANS: F PTS: 1 TOP: Structural levels of organization

DIF:

Analysis

REF: pp. 5-6

6. The cell is the simplest level of organization in the human body. ANS: F REF: p. 6

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Structural levels of organization

7. Cells are considered to be the smallest living unit of structure and function in the body. ANS: T REF: p. 6

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Structural levels of organization

8. A group of cells working together to perform a specific function is called an organ. ANS: F REF: p. 6

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Structural levels of organization

9. A group of several different tissues working together to perform a specific function is called an organ. ANS: T REF: p. 6

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Structural levels of organization

10. The organ is the highest level of organization in the human body. ANS: F REF: p. 6

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Structural levels of organization

11. Anatomical position is the reference position for the directional terms of the body.

ANS: T PTS: 1 TOP: Anatomical position

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 7

12. If you like to sleep on your stomach, you prefer sleeping in the supine position. ANS: F PTS: 1 TOP: Anatomical position

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 7

13. Doctors recommend putting babies to sleep on their backs to help prevent breathing problems. This is the supine position. ANS: T PTS: 1 TOP: Anatomical position

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 7

14. The anatomical position can be described as the body being erect with the arms held at shoulder level with the palms of the hands facing down. ANS: F REF: p. 7

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical position

15. The ankle is distal to the knee. ANS: T PTS: 1 TOP: Anatomical direction

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 7

16. Dorsal and anterior are interchangeable terms when referring to humans. ANS: F REF: p. 7

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical direction

17. The lungs are medial to the heart. ANS: F PTS: 1 TOP: Anatomical direction

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 7

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 7

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 7

18. The elbow is proximal to the wrist. ANS: T PTS: 1 TOP: Anatomical direction 19. The skin is superficial to the muscles. ANS: T PTS: 1 TOP: Anatomical direction 20. Proximal and medial are opposite terms. ANS: F REF: p. 7

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical direction

21. The knee is distal to the ankle. ANS: F PTS: 1 TOP: Anatomical direction

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 7

22. The middle toe is medial to the big toe but lateral to the smallest toe. ANS: F PTS: 1 TOP: Anatomical direction

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 7

23. Frontal and coronal sections refer to the same thing. ANS: T REF: p. 9

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Planes or body sections

24. Sagittal and midsagittal sections refer to the same thing. ANS: F REF: p. 9

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Planes or body sections

25. A plane dividing a body into upper and lower portions is a transverse plane. ANS: T REF: p. 9

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Planes or body sections

26. A plane dividing the body into front and back portions is a sagittal plane. ANS: F REF: p. 9

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Planes or body sections

27. A midsagittal plane divides the right shoulder from the left shoulder. ANS: T PTS: 1 TOP: Planes or body sections

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 9

28. A transverse plane divides the eyes from the back of the head. ANS: F PTS: 1 TOP: Planes or body sections

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 9

29. A frontal section divides the eyes from the back of the head. ANS: T PTS: 1 TOP: Planes or body sections

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 9

30. The ventral cavity is one of the main cavities of the body. ANS: T

PTS:

DIF:

Memorization

REF: p. 9

TOP: Body cavities

31. The mediastinum is a subdivision of the abdominal cavity. ANS: F REF: p. 9

PTS: 1 DIF: TOP: Body cavities

Memorization

32. The pleural cavities are subdivisions of the thoracic cavity. ANS: T REF: p. 9

PTS: 1 DIF: TOP: Body cavities

Memorization

33. The abdominal cavity is inferior to the thoracic cavity. ANS: T PTS: TOP: Body cavities

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 9

34. The abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity are separated by a muscle called the diaphragm. ANS: F REF: p. 9

PTS: 1 DIF: TOP: Body cavities

Memorization

35. The thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity are separated by a muscle called the diaphragm. ANS: T REF: p. 9

PTS: 1 DIF: TOP: Body cavities

Memorization

36. The right hypochondriac region is completely in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. ANS: T PTS: TOP: Body cavities

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 10

37. The left hypochondriac region is completely in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen. ANS: F PTS: TOP: Body cavities

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 10

38. The right lumbar region is superior to the right iliac region. ANS: T PTS: TOP: Body cavities

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 10

39. The dorsal cavity includes the spinal cavity. ANS: T REF: p. 10

PTS: 1 DIF: TOP: Body cavities

Memorization

40. The brain is located in the dorsal cavity.

ANS: T REF: p. 10

PTS: 1 DIF: TOP: Body cavities

Memorization

41. Homeostasis is the relative consistency of the internal environment of the body. ANS: T REF: p. 14

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: The balance of body functions

42. One method the body has of maintaining homeostasis is a positive feedback loop. ANS: F REF: p. 14

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: The balance of body functions

43. In a feedback loop, the part of the system that compares the actual condition to the controlled condition is called the sensor. ANS: F REF: p. 14

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: The balance of body functions

44. In a feedback loop, the part of the system that effects a change in the controlled condition is called the effector. ANS: T REF: p. 14

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: The balance of body functions

45. In a feedback loop, the part of the system that detects a change in the controlled condition is called the sensor. ANS: T REF: p. 14

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: The balance of body functions

46. A negative feedback loop stimulates and amplifies a change in the internal environment. ANS: F REF: p. 15

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: The balance of body functions

47. A negative feedback loop opposes or negates a change in the internal environment. ANS: T REF: p. 15

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: The balance of body functions

48. The body has more positive feedback loops than negative feedback loops. ANS: F REF: p. 15

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: The balance of body functions

49. The formation of a blood clot is an example of a negative feedback loop.

ANS: F PTS: 1 TOP: The balance of body functions

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 16

50. The pH of the body must remain within a very narrow range. It would more likely be controlled by a negative feedback loop. ANS: T PTS: 1 TOP: The balance of body functions

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 15

51. Women have one more positive feedback loop than do men. ANS: T PTS: 1 TOP: The balance of body functions

DIF:

Synthesis

REF: p. 15

52. Both the heart and the blood vessels are considered to be organs in the cardiovascular system. ANS: T PTS: 1 TOP: Structural levels of organization

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 14

53. An “L” on an anatomical compass rosette can stand for “Left” or “Lateral” depending on what is opposite it. ANS: T REF: p. 8

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical direction

54. An “S” on an anatomical compass rosette can stand for “Superior” or “Supine” depending on what is opposite it. ANS: F REF: p. 8

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical direction

55. When you look at an anatomical compass rosette in the text, the “R” on the rosette is on your right side. ANS: F PTS: 1 TOP: Anatomical direction

DIF:

Application

REF: p. 8

Chapter 02: Chemistry of Life Patton: The Human Body in Health & Disease, 8th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which subatomic particle has a positive charge? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Nucleus ANS: A REF: p. 25

PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms

DIF: Memorization

2. Which subatomic particle has no charge? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Nucleus ANS: B REF: p. 25

PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms

DIF: Memorization

3. Which subatomic particle has a negative charge? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Nucleus ANS: C REF: p. 25

PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms

DIF: Memorization

4. Which subatomic particle is found in the nucleus? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Both A and B ANS: D REF: p. 25

PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms

DIF: Memorization

5. Electrons are found a. in the nucleus. b. in orbitals. c. at various distances from the nucleus called energy levels. d. both B and C. ANS: D TOP: Atoms

PTS: 1

DIF: Application

REF: p. 25

6. The atomic number of an atom is the number of

a. b. c. d.

protons. neutrons. electrons. both A and B.

ANS: A REF: p. 25

PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms

DIF: Memorization

7. The atomic mass of an atom is the number of a. protons. b. neutrons. c. electrons. d. sum of A and B. ANS: D REF: p. 25

PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms

DIF: Memorization

8. The subatomic particle that determines how an atom unites with other atoms is the a. proton. b. neutron. c. electron. d. both A and B. ANS: C REF: p. 26

PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms

DIF: Memorization

9. An atom that contains 20 protons, 21 neutrons, and 20 electrons has an atomic number of a. 20. b. 41. c. 40. d. 61. ANS: A TOP: Atoms

PTS: 1

DIF: Application

REF: p. 25

10. An atom that contains 20 protons, 21 neutrons, and 20 electrons has an atomic mass of a. 20. b. 41. c. 40. d. 61. ANS: B TOP: Atoms

PTS: 1

DIF: Application

REF: p. 25

11. An atom that contains 20 protons, 21 neutrons, and 20 electrons has a. a positive charge. b. a negative charge. c. no charge (electrically neutral). d. not enough information is given to determine its charge. ANS: C TOP: Atoms

PTS: 1

DIF: Application

REF: p. 25

12. Which of these elements is not one of the four elements that make up most of the human

body? a. Carbon b. Nitrogen c. Oxygen d. Calcium ANS: D REF: p. 26

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds

13. Bonds that usually dissociate in water to form electrolytes are a. ionic b. covalent c. organic d. both B and C ANS: A REF: p. 27

PTS: 1 TOP: Ionic bonds

bonds.

DIF: Memorization

14. The bonds formed when electrons are shared are called a. electrolytes. b. ionic bonds. c. covalent bonds. d. inorganic bonds. ANS: C REF: p. 27

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Covalent bonds

15. The process of dehydration synthesis a. uses water to turn large molecules into smaller ones. b. adds a molecule of water to the reactants. c. converts smaller molecules into larger ones by removing water. d. both A and B. ANS: C REF: p. 29

PTS: 1 TOP: Water

DIF: Memorization

16. The process of hydrolysis a. uses water to turn large molecules into smaller ones. b. removes a molecule of water from the reactants. c. converts smaller molecules into larger molecules by removing water. d. both B and C. ANS: A REF: p. 29

PTS: 1 TOP: Water

DIF: Memorization

17. Acids have a. a pH less than 7. b. more H+ ions than OH− ions. c. more OH− than H+ ions. d. both A and B. ANS: D

PTS: 1

DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 30

TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

18. Bases have a. a pH less than 7. b. more H+ ions than OH− ions. c. a pH greater than 7. d. both A and B. ANS: C REF: p. 30

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

19. A solution with a pH of 4 a. has 100 times more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 2. b. has 100 times fewer H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 2. c. has 100 times fewer H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 6. d. is basic. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

DIF: Synthesis

REF: p. 30

20. The end product of a reaction between a strong acid and a strong base is a. water. b. a salt. c. a weak acid and a weak base. d. both A and B. ANS: D REF: p. 30

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

21. Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide? a. Sucrose b. Glucose c. Lactose d. Glycogen ANS: B REF: p. 31

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates

22. Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide? a. Sucrose b. Glucose c. Lactose d. Glycogen ANS: D REF: p. 31

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates

23. Triglycerides a. are steroid lipids. b. have a phosphorus-containing unit on one end. c. have two fatty acids. d. have three fatty acids.

ANS: D REF: p. 32

PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids

DIF: Memorization

24. Phospholipids a. contain glycerol. b. contain two fatty acids. c. contain three fatty acids. d. both A and B. ANS: D REF: p. 32

PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids

DIF: Memorization

25. Cholesterol a. contains three fatty acids. b. contains two fatty acids. c. is a steroid lipid. d. contains glycerol. ANS: C REF: p. 33

PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids

DIF: Memorization

26. Which of the following is not true of proteins? a. They have water-repelling tails. b. They are made up of amino acids. c. They contain nitrogen. d. They contain peptide bonds. ANS: A REF: p. 33

PTS: 1 TOP: Proteins

DIF: Memorization

27. Which of the following is a structural protein? a. Collagen b. Keratin c. Enzymes d. Both A and B ANS: D REF: p. 34

PTS: 1 TOP: Proteins

DIF: Memorization

28. Which of the following is a functional protein? a. Collagen b. Keratin c. Enzymes d. Both A and B ANS: C REF: p. 34

PTS: 1 TOP: Proteins

DIF: Memorization

29. Which of the following substances is not found in a DNA nucleotide? a. Phosphate unit b. Glycerol molecule c. Nitrogen base d. A sugar

ANS: B REF: p. 35

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids

30. Which substance is found only in DNA? a. Adenine b. Guanine c. Thymine d. Cytosine ANS: C REF: p. 35

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids

31. The nitrogen atom has a total of seven electrons. To have a full outer energy level, it would

have to a. add one electron. b. lose one electron. c. add three electrons. d. lose two electrons. ANS: C TOP: Atoms

PTS: 1

DIF: Synthesis

REF: p. 26

32. Which type of chemical bond does not result in the formation of a new molecule? a. Hydrogen bond b. Ionic bond c. Covalent bond d. None of the above; all chemical bonds result in the formation of a new molecule. ANS: A REF: p. 28

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Hydrogen bonds

MATCHING

Match each part of the atom with its corresponding description. a. Protons b. Neutrons c. Electrons d. Both protons and neutrons 1. 2. 3. 4.

Part of the atom that is found in the nucleus Part of the atom that is found in orbitals around the nucleus Part of the atom that gives an atom its atomic number Part of the atom that when combined with the protons gives the atom its atomic mass

1. ANS: D REF: p. 25 2. ANS: C REF: p. 25 3. ANS: A REF: p. 25 4. ANS: B

PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS:

1 Atoms 1 Atoms 1 Atoms 1

DIF:

Memorization

DIF:

Memorization

DIF:

Memorization

DIF:

Memorization

REF: p. 25

TOP: Atoms

Match each organic compound with its corresponding description. a. Carbohydrates b. Triglycerides c. Phospholipids d. Cholesterol e. Proteins f. RNA g. DNA 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Compound whose basic unit is a monosaccharide Nucleic acid that contains the nitrogen base uracil Lipid that is used to make hormones such as estrogen and testosterone Nucleic acid that contains the nitrogen base thymine Lipid that is composed of a molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids Lipid that has two fatty acids and is important in the cell membrane Can be enzymes

5. ANS: A REF: p. 31 6. ANS: F REF: p. 35 7. ANS: D REF: p. 33 8. ANS: G REF: p. 35 9. ANS: B REF: p. 32 10. ANS: C REF: p. 32 11. ANS: E REF: p. 34

PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP:

1 DIF: Carbohydrates 1 DIF: Nucleic acids 1 DIF: Lipids 1 DIF: Nucleic acids 1 DIF: Lipids 1 DIF: Lipids 1 DIF: Proteins

Memorization Memorization Memorization Memorization Memorization Memorization Memorization

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition. a. Nucleus b. Ionic bond c. Atomic mass d. Compound e. Electrolyte f. Atomic number g. Covalent bonds h. Orbitals i. Hydrolysis j. Dehydration synthesis k. Acid l. Base 12. Part of the atom in which electrons are found 13. Equal to the number of protons an atom has

14. Molecules that form ions when dissolved in water 15. Process by which reactants combine only after hydrogen and oxygen atoms have been 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.

removed Compound that produces H+ ions Part of the atom in which protons are found Bond formed when oppositely charged atoms are attracted to one another Compound that produces OH−ions Equal to the number of protons and neutrons in an atom Process by which water is used to break larger molecules into smaller molecules Bond that is formed when electrons are shared A molecule that contains more than one type of atom

12. ANS: H REF: p. 25 13. ANS: F REF: p. 25 14. ANS: E REF: p. 27 15. ANS: J REF: p. 29 16. ANS: K REF: p. 30 17. ANS: A REF: p. 25 18. ANS: B REF: p. 27 19. ANS: L REF: p. 30 20. ANS: C REF: p. 25 21. ANS: I REF: p. 29 22. ANS: G REF: p. 27 23. ANS: D REF: p. 26

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization Atoms TOP: PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Ionic bonds PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Water PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Ionic bonds PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Water PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Covalent bonds PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds

SHORT ANSWER 1. Name the three parts of the atom, and give a description of each. ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms

DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 25

2. Explain how an ionic bond forms. ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1 TOP: Ionic bonds

DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 27

3. Explain how a covalent bond forms. ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Covalent bonds

REF: pp. 27-28

4. Explain the processes of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1 TOP: Water

DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 29

5. Describe the difference between an acid solution and a base solution by comparing the types

and relative concentrations of ions in each. ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

REF: p. 30

6. Explain the relationship among H+ ion concentration, OH− ion concentration, and pH. ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

REF: p. 30

7. Describe the structures of carbohydrates, and explain their use in the body. ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates

REF: p. 31

8. Describe the three types of lipids, and give the function of each. ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1

DIF: Memorization

REF: pp. 32-33

TOP: Lipids 9. Describe the structure of a protein, and give examples of structural proteins and functional

proteins. ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1 TOP: Proteins

DIF: Memorization

REF: pp. 33-34

10. Explain the structure of a nucleic acid, and list the differences between RNA and DNA. ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids

REF: p. 35

TRUE/FALSE 1. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. ANS: T REF: p. 25

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Levels of chemical organization

2. The mass of an atom is determined by the total number of protons and electrons. ANS: F REF: p. 25

PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms

DIF: Memorization

3. The two subatomic particles found in the nucleus of the atom are protons and neutrons. ANS: T REF: p. 25

PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms

DIF: Memorization

4. A full atomic orbital always contains eight electrons. ANS: F REF: p. 25

PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms

DIF: Memorization

5. The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons plus the number of electrons. ANS: F REF: p. 25

PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms

DIF: Memorization

6. The closer an orbital is to the nucleus of an atom, the higher its energy level. ANS: F REF: p. 25

PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms

DIF: Memorization

7. An atom with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons has an atomic number of 11.

ANS: T TOP: Atoms

PTS: 1

DIF: Application

REF: p. 25

8. An atom with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons has an atomic mass of 21. ANS: F TOP: Atoms

PTS: 1

DIF: Application

REF: p. 25

9. An atom with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons has a +1 charge. ANS: T TOP: Atoms

PTS: 1

DIF: Application

REF: p. 25

10. An element is a substance composed of only one type of atom. ANS: T REF: p. 26

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds

11. All molecules are not necessarily compounds. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds

REF: p. 26

12. Chemical bonds form when atoms share, donate, or borrow electrons. ANS: T REF: p. 27

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Chemical bonding

13. Ionic bonds result from atoms sharing electrons. ANS: F REF: p. 27

PTS: 1 TOP: Ionic bonds

DIF: Memorization

14. When an ionic compound is put into water, it dissociates into ions. ANS: T REF: p. 27

PTS: 1 TOP: Ionic bonds

DIF: Memorization

15. Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons. ANS: T REF: p. 27

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Covalent bonds

16. When a covalent compound is put into water, it dissociates into ions. ANS: F REF: p. 27

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Covalent bonds

17. For a compound to be considered an organic compound it must have a C-O or an H-O bond. ANS: F REF: p. 29

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Inorganic chemistry

18. Water is the most abundant organic compound in the body. ANS: F REF: p. 29

PTS: 1 TOP: Water

DIF: Memorization

19. The process of dehydration synthesis makes bigger molecules from smaller molecules. ANS: T REF: p. 29

PTS: 1 TOP: Water

DIF: Memorization

20. The process of dehydration synthesis has water as one of its end products. ANS: T REF: p. 29

PTS: 1 TOP: Water

DIF: Memorization

21. The process of hydrolysis has water as one of its end products. ANS: F REF: p. 29

PTS: 1 TOP: Water

DIF: Memorization

22. One of the end products of hydrolysis would have one more hydrogen atom than it did at the

beginning of the reaction. ANS: T TOP: Water

PTS: 1

DIF: Synthesis

REF: p. 29

23. Acids have a higher concentration of H+ ions than OH− ions. ANS: T REF: p. 30

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

24. Bases have a higher concentration of OH− ions than H+ ions. ANS: T REF: p. 30

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

25. A solution with a pH of 8 has more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 4. ANS: F PTS: 1 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

DIF: Application

REF: p. 30

26. A solution with a pH of 5 has more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 7. ANS: T PTS: 1 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

DIF: Application

REF: p. 30

27. A solution with a pH of 2 has 10 times more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 3. ANS: T PTS: 1 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

DIF: Application

REF: p. 30

28. When a strong acid and a strong base react, one of the end products is water. ANS: T REF: p. 30

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

29. A weak acid almost completely dissociates in water. ANS: F REF: p. 30

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

30. When a strong acid and a strong base react, one of the end products is a salt. ANS: T REF: p. 31

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

31. A buffer is a substance that resists a sudden change in pH. ANS: T REF: p. 31

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

32. The basic unit of a carbohydrate is a monosaccharide. ANS: T REF: p. 31

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates

33. A molecule of glucose is larger than a molecule of sucrose. ANS: F PTS: 1 TOP: Carbohydrates

DIF: Application

REF: p. 31

34. Sucrose is an example of a disaccharide. ANS: T REF: p. 31

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates

35. Glycogen and starch are both examples of polysaccharides. ANS: T REF: p. 31

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates

36. The process of dehydration synthesis could be used to convert a monosaccharide into a

disaccharide. ANS: T PTS: 1 TOP: Water and carbohydrates

DIF: Synthesis

REF: p. 29 | p. 31

37. Both fats and oils are lipids. ANS: T REF: p. 32

PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids

DIF: Memorization

38. A triglyceride contains two fatty acid molecules.

ANS: F REF: p. 32

PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids

DIF: Memorization

39. A triglyceride contains a molecule of glycerol. ANS: T REF: p. 32

PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids

DIF: Memorization

40. Phospholipids contain three fatty acids. ANS: F REF: p. 32

PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids

DIF: Memorization

41. Phospholipids are important molecules in the cell membrane. ANS: T REF: p. 32

PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids

DIF: Memorization

42. Cholesterol is a steroid lipid. ANS: T REF: p. 33

PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids

DIF: Memorization

43. Cholesterol contains two fatty acid molecules. ANS: F REF: p. 33

PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids

DIF: Memorization

44. Cholesterol is needed for the formation of several hormones in the body. ANS: T REF: p. 33

PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids

DIF: Memorization

45. The basic building block of proteins is nucleotides. ANS: F REF: p. 33

PTS: 1 TOP: Proteins

DIF: Memorization

46. The basic building blocks of protein are held together by peptide bonds. ANS: T REF: p. 33

PTS: 1 TOP: Proteins

DIF: Memorization

47. Structural proteins include collagen, keratin, and enzymes. ANS: F REF: p. 34

PTS: 1 TOP: Proteins

DIF: Memorization

48. Enzymes are functional proteins that act as chemical catalysts. ANS: T REF: p. 34

PTS: 1 TOP: Proteins

DIF: Memorization

49. The basic building blocks of nucleic acids are nucleotides. ANS: T REF: p. 35

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids

50. DNA and RNA molecules are identical except that DNA contains thymine and RNA contains

uracil. ANS: F PTS: 1 TOP: Nucleic acids

DIF: Application

REF: p. 35

51. The nitrogen bases adenine, guanine, and cytosine can be found in both RNA and DNA. ANS: T REF: p. 35

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids

52. One difference between DNA and RNA is the type of sugar found in the nucleotides. ANS: T REF: p. 35

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids

53. The smallest unit of matter is the electron. ANS: F REF: p. 25

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Levels of chemical organization

54. The oxygen atom has a total of eight electrons. That means it has six electrons in its outer

energy level. ANS: T TOP: Atoms

PTS: 1

DIF: Analysis

REF: p. 26

55. The number of electrons in the outer energy level of an atom determines how it behaves

chemically. ANS: T REF: p. 26

PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms

DIF: Memorization

56. The formula for glucose is C6H12O6. This indicates that there are 24 atoms in a molecule of

glucose. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds

REF: p. 27

57. The electrolyte most often formed by magnesium (Mg) is Mg++. This shows that the ion has

two more electrons than protons. ANS: F TOP: Ionic bonds

PTS: 1

DIF: Application

REF: p. 27

58. Water is the most common solute in the human body.

ANS: F REF: p. 29

PTS: 1 TOP: Water

DIF: Memorization

59. Both sucrose and lactose are examples of disaccharides. ANS: T REF: p. 31

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates

60. Fats tend to be solids at room temperature. ANS: T REF: p. 32

PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids

DIF: Memorization

61. Both cholesterol and phospholipids form part of the structure of the cell membrane. ANS: T REF: p. 32

PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids

DIF: Memorization

62. The lock-and-key model describes how two strands of DNA are able to join so precisely to

form a double helix. ANS: F REF: p. 34

PTS: 1 TOP: Proteins

DIF: Memorization

Chapter 03: Cells Patton: The Human Body in Health & Disease, 8th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is not part of the cell? a. Plasma membrane b. Interstitial fluid c. Nucleus d. All of the above are part of the cell. ANS: B REF: p. 44

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Parts of the cell

2. Which of the following is not part of the plasma membrane? a. Phospholipids b. Cholesterol c. Triglycerides d. Neither B nor C is part of the cell membrane. ANS: C REF: p. 44

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Plasma membrane

3. Which of the following is not a function of the cell membrane? a. Protein synthesis b. Regulation of what moves into and out of the cell c. Identifying the cell d. Communication between cells ANS: A REF: p. 44

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Plasma membrane

4. Tissue typing uses information a. stored in the nucleus. b. found on the plasma membrane. c. found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. d. found in the Golgi apparatus. ANS: B REF: p. 45

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Plasma membrane

5. Which organelles can be called the “digestive bags” of the cell? a. Ribosomes b. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum c. Mitochondria d. Lysosomes ANS: D REF: p. 47

PTS: 1 TOP: Lysosomes

DIF: Memorization

6. What are the protein factories of the cell?

a. b. c. d.

Mitochondria Lysosomes Ribosomes Golgi apparatus

ANS: C REF: p. 47

PTS: 1 TOP: Ribosomes

DIF: Memorization

7. Which are small fingerlike projections on the plasma membrane that increase the cell’s ability

to absorb substances? a. Microvilli b. Cilia c. Flagella d. Rough endoplasmic reticulum ANS: A REF: p. 48

PTS: 1 TOP: Microvilli

DIF: Memorization

8. Which structure makes new membranes for the cell? a. Rough endoplasmic reticulum b. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum c. Golgi apparatus d. Mitochondria ANS: B REF: p. 47

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Endoplasmic reticulum

9. Which organelle has a subunit made of RNA? a. Ribosome b. Mitochondria c. Golgi apparatus d. Lysosomes ANS: A REF: p. 47

PTS: 1 TOP: Ribosomes

DIF: Memorization

10. Which of the following are called the “power plants” of the cell? a. Ribosomes b. Mitochondria c. Golgi apparatus d. Lysosomes ANS: B REF: p. 47

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Mitochondria

11. Which are rod-shaped structures that are important in cell division? a. Ribosomes b. Mitochondria c. Golgi apparatus d. Centrioles ANS: D REF: p. 48

PTS: 1 TOP: Centrioles

DIF: Memorization

12. Which structure has ribosomes attached to it and helps transport proteins throughout the cell? a. Rough endoplasmic reticulum b. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum c. Golgi apparatus d. Mitochondria ANS: A REF: p. 47

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Endoplasmic reticulum

13. Which organelle consists of tiny flattened sacs that help process and package chemicals in the

cell? a. Ribosome b. Mitochondria c. Golgi apparatus d. Lysosome ANS: C REF: p. 47

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Golgi apparatus

14. Cellular respiration occurs in which organelle? a. Ribosome b. Centrioles c. Golgi apparatus d. Mitochondria ANS: D REF: p. 47

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Mitochondria

15. Which are extremely fine hairlike structures on the surface of the cell? a. Cilia b. Microvilli c. Flagella d. Rough endoplasmic reticulum ANS: A REF: p. 49

PTS: 1 TOP: Cilia

DIF: Memorization

16. Only about half the population has which of the following organelles? a. Microvilli b. Cilia c. Flagella d. The entire population has all of the above organelles. ANS: C TOP: Flagella

PTS: 1

DIF: Analysis

REF: p. 49

17. What is the process by which substances scatter themselves evenly throughout an available

space? a. Osmosis b. Diffusion c. Filtration

d. Dialysis ANS: B REF: p. 51

PTS: 1 TOP: Diffusion

DIF: Memorization

18. What is the movement of water from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower

water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane? a. Osmosis b. Diffusion c. Filtration d. Dialysis ANS: A REF: p. 52

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Osmosis and dialysis

19. What is the movement of water and solutes through a membrane because of hydrostatic

pressure? a. Osmosis b. Diffusion c. Filtration d. Dialysis ANS: C REF: p. 53

PTS: 1 TOP: Filtration

DIF: Memorization

20. If one side of the DNA molecule has the nucleotide sequence of adenine—guanine—adenine

—cytosine—thymine, the other side would be a. adenine—guanine—adenine—cytosine—thymine. b. cytosine—thymine—cytosine—adenine—guanine. c. thymine—cytosine—thymine—guanine—adenine. d. There is no way to determine the other side of the molecule. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis TOP: DNA molecule and genetic information

REF: p. 56

21. If the DNA code is adenine—thymine—guanine, the messenger RNA sequence would be a. adenine—thymine—guanine. b. thymine—adenine—cytosine. c. thymine—uracil—cytosine. d. uracil—adenine—cytosine. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: Transcription

DIF: Synthesis

REF: p. 57

22. If the messenger RNA code is adenine—uracil—cytosine, the transfer RNA bringing the

amino acid would have which code? a. Adenine—uracil—cytosine b. Uracil—adenine—guanine c. Uracil—thymine—guanine d. Thymine—adenine—guanine ANS: B TOP: Translation

PTS: 1

DIF: Synthesis

REF: p. 57

23. During which phase of mitosis does a cleavage furrow begin to appear? a. Telophase b. Anaphase c. Metaphase d. Interphase ANS: B REF: p. 60

PTS: 1 TOP: Anaphase

DIF: Memorization

24. During which phase of mitosis are chromosomes aligned in the center of the cell? a. Telophase b. Anaphase c. Metaphase d. Prophase ANS: C REF: p. 59

PTS: 1 TOP: Metaphase

DIF: Memorization

25. DNA replication occurs during which phase? a. Telophase b. Anaphase c. Metaphase d. Interphase ANS: D REF: p. 59

PTS: 1 TOP: Cell division

DIF: Memorization

26. Chromatin becomes “organized” during which phase of mitosis? a. Telophase b. Anaphase c. Metaphase d. Prophase ANS: D REF: p. 59

PTS: 1 TOP: Prophase

DIF: Memorization

27. During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell? a. Anaphase b. Metaphase c. Prophase d. Telophase ANS: A REF: p. 60

PTS: 1 TOP: Anaphase

DIF: Memorization

28. During which phase of mitosis do two nuclei appear and the chromosomes become less

distinct? a. Anaphase b. Metaphase c. Interphase d. Telophase

ANS: D REF: p. 60

PTS: 1 TOP: Telophase

DIF: Memorization

29. Which organelle contains its own DNA molecule? a. Ribosome b. Mitochondria c. Golgi apparatus d. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum ANS: B REF: p. 47

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Mitochondria

30. Which structure programs the formation of ribosomes? a. Mitochondria b. Rough endoplasmic reticulum c. Nucleolus d. Golgi apparatus ANS: C REF: p. 50

PTS: 1 TOP: Nucleolus

DIF: Memorization

31. Which process does not rely on active transport? a. Sodium-potassium pump b. Phagocytosis c. Pinocytosis d. Filtration ANS: D REF: p. 53

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Active transport

32. A codon consists of which number of nucleotides? a. One b. Two c. Three d. Four ANS: C REF: p. 57

PTS: 1 TOP: Translation

DIF: Memorization

33. Which term refers to an increase in cell size? a. Hyperplasia b. Hypertrophy c. Atrophy d. Anaplasia ANS: B REF: p. 61

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Changes in cell growth and reproduction

34. Which term refers to an increase in the number of cells? a. Hyperplasia b. Hypertrophy c. Atrophy d. Anaplasia

ANS: A REF: p. 61

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Changes in cell growth and reproduction

MATCHING

Match each organelle or cell structure to its corresponding function or description. a. Plasma membrane b. Nucleus c. Ribosomes d. Mitochondria e. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum f. Rough endoplasmic reticulum g. Lysosomes h. Centrioles i. Microvilli j. Nucleolus Organelles that are called the “protein factories” of the cell Structure made up of phospholipids and cholesterol molecules Organelles that are called the “digestive bags” of the cell Organelle named as such because of the ribosomes attached to it Cell structure that controls every organelle in the cytoplasm and contains chromatin Small rods that are important in cell division The “power plants” of the cell Small fingerlike projections in the plasma membrane that increase the efficiency of absorption of materials into the cell 9. A small structure in the nucleus that programs the formation of ribosomes 10. Organelle that produces new membranes for the cell 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

1. ANS: C REF: p. 47 2. ANS: A REF: p. 44 3. ANS: G REF: p. 47 4. ANS: F REF: p. 47 5. ANS: B REF: pp. 49-50 6. ANS: H REF: p. 48 7. ANS: D REF: p. 47 8. ANS: I REF: pp. 48-49 9. ANS: J REF: p. 50 10. ANS: E REF: p. 47

PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP:

1 DIF: Memorization Ribosomes 1 DIF: Memorization Plasma membrane 1 DIF: Memorization Lysosomes 1 DIF: Memorization Endoplasmic reticulum 1 DIF: Memorization Nucleus 1 DIF: Memorization Centrioles 1 DIF: Memorization Mitochondria 1 DIF: Memorization Microvilli 1 DIF: Memorization Nucleolus 1 DIF: Memorization Endoplasmic reticulum

Match each phase of the cell life cycle to its corresponding description. a. Interphase b. Prophase c. Metaphase d. Anaphase e. Telophase 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides of the cell DNA replication occurs The spindle fibers form The chromosomes are aligned in the middle of the cells The cleavage furrow completely divides the cell into two parts

11. ANS: D REF: p. 60 12. ANS: A REF: p. 59 13. ANS: B REF: p. 59 14. ANS: C REF: p. 49 15. ANS: E REF: p. 60

PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP:

1 Anaphase 1 Cell division 1 Prophase 1 Metaphase 1 Telophase

DIF:

Memorization

DIF:

Memorization

DIF:

Memorization

DIF:

Memorization

DIF:

Memorization

SHORT ANSWER 1. Describe the structure and function of the plasma membrane. ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Plasma membrane

REF: pp. 44-45

2. Describe or give the function of the following organelles: ribosomes, smooth and rough

endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, centrioles, microvilli, and cilia. ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1 TOP: Cytoplasm

DIF: Memorization

REF: pp. 47-49

3. Explain the structure and function of the nucleus, including the function of the nucleolus. ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1

DIF: Memorization

REF: pp. 49-50

TOP: Nucleus 4. Define or explain passive transport and active transport and give an example of each. ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Movement of substances through cell membranes

REF: p. 50

5. Explain the difference between osmosis and dialysis. ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Osmosis and dialysis

REF: p. 52

6. Explain the process of filtration and give an example of a body process that depends on

filtration. ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1 TOP: Filtration

DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 53

7. Explain the functioning of an ion pump, and give an example of one in the plasma membrane.

Why are they considered active transport mechanisms? ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1 TOP: Ion pumps

DIF: Memorization

REF: p. 54

8. Define or explain pinocytosis and phagocytosis. ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Phagocytosis and pinocytosis

REF: pp. 54-55

9. Explain the role of ion pumps in both cystic fibrosis and cholera. ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Cell transport and disease

REF: pp. 55-56

10. What is meant by specific base pairing? ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: DNA molecule and genetic information

REF: p. 56

11. What is a gene? ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: DNA molecule and genetic information

REF: p. 56

12. Briefly describe the process of transcription. ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: TOP: Transcription

Memorization

REF: p. 57

13. Briefly describe the process of translation. ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1 TOP: Translation

DIF:

Memorization

REF: pp. 57-58

14. If one side of a DNA molecule is thymine—cytosine—guanine—adenine, what would the

nucleotides on the other side be? ANS:

Adenine—guanine—cytosine—thymine. PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 56 TOP: DNA molecule and genetic information 15. If one side of a DNA molecule is adenine—thymine—guanine, what would the messenger

RNA nucleotides be if this piece of DNA were transcribed? ANS:

Uracil—adenine—cytosine. PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 57 TOP: DNA molecule and genetic information 16. If a messenger RNA molecule contains the sequence uracil—adenine—cytosine, what would

be the nucleotide sequence for the transfer RNA it would attract?

ANS:

Adenine—uracil—guanine. PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 57 TOP: DNA molecule and genetic information 17. List the phases of mitosis and explain what occurs in each phase. ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1 TOP: Cell division

DIF: Memorization

REF: pp. 59-60

18. Define or explain the following terms: hypertrophy, atrophy, hyperplasia, neoplasm, anaplasia,

benign neoplasm, and malignant neoplasm. ANS:

Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Changes in cell growth and reproduction

REF: pp. 61-62

TRUE/FALSE 1. The fluid inside the cell is called interstitial fluid. ANS: F REF: p. 44

PTS: 1 TOP: Composition

DIF: Memorization

2. Both phospholipids and cholesterol are important parts of the cell membrane. ANS: T REF: p. 44

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Plasma membrane

3. One function of the cell membrane is to identify the cell as belonging to a particular

individual. ANS: T REF: p. 45

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Plasma membrane

4. The term organelle refers to proteins that are embedded in the cell membrane. ANS: F REF: p. 46

PTS: 1 TOP: Cytoplasm

DIF: Memorization

5. One of the jobs of the Golgi apparatus is to make new membranes for the cell. ANS: F REF: p. 47

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Endoplasmic reticulum

6. The “protein factory” is another name for the ribosomes. ANS: T REF: p. 47

PTS: 1 TOP: Ribosomes

DIF: Memorization

7. The difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum is that the rough

endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached to it. ANS: T REF: p. 47

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Endoplasmic reticulum

8. Lysosomes are the “digestive bags” of the cell. ANS: T REF: p. 47

PTS: 1 TOP: Lysosomes

DIF: Memorization

9. Microvilli are small hairlike structures on the outer surface of the cells. ANS: F REF: p. 48

PTS: 1 TOP: Microvilli

DIF: Memorization

10. The only cells in humans that have flagella are sperm cells. ANS: T REF: p. 49

PTS: 1 TOP: Flagella

DIF: Memorization

11. The Golgi apparatus consists of two small rods that play an important role in cell division. ANS: F REF: p. 48

PTS: 1 TOP: Centrioles

DIF: Memorization

12. The nucleus is the only structure in the cell that contains DNA. ANS: F REF: p. 47

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Mitochondria

13. The nucleolus is a structure in the nucleus that programs the formation of ribosomes. ANS: T REF: p. 50

PTS: 1 TOP: Nucleolus

DIF: Memorization

14. Both chromatin and chromosomes are made up of DNA. ANS: T REF: p. 50

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Chromatin and chromosomes

15. The passive transport of material across the cell membrane requires the breakdown of ATP. ANS: F REF: p. 50

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Movement of substances through cell membranes

16. Diffusion of a substance across a cell membrane is an example of active transport.

ANS: F REF: p. 51

PTS: 1 TOP: Diffusion

DIF: Memorization

17. The simplest definition of dialysis is the diffusion of water across a cell membrane. ANS: F REF: p. 52

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Osmosis and dialysis

18. Osmosis and dialysis are both specialized examples of diffusion. ANS: T REF: p. 52

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Osmosis and dialysis

19. Filtration requires different levels of hydrostatic pressure across a membrane. ANS: T REF: p. 53

PTS: 1 TOP: Filtration

DIF: Memorization

20. Active transport moves material by a mechanism that is opposite that of diffusion. ANS: T PTS: 1 TOP: Active transport processes

DIF: Application

REF: p. 53

21. The cell membrane is able to efficiently move material because each ion pump can move a

number of different substances. ANS: F REF: p. 54

PTS: 1 TOP: Ion pumps

DIF: Memorization

22. Both pinocytosis and phagocytosis are examples of active transport mechanisms. ANS: T REF: pp. 54-55

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Phagocytosis and pinocytosis

23. Pinocytosis comes from the Greek word meaning “cell eating.” ANS: F REF: p. 55

PTS: 1 TOP: Pinocytosis

DIF: Memorization

24. Cystic fibrosis is a disease that results from a failure of a passive transport mechanism in the

cell membrane. ANS: F PTS: 1 TOP: Cell transport and disease

DIF: Application

REF: p. 55

25. The inability of the cell membrane to control the movement of the chloride ion into and out of

the cell is the cause of both cystic fibrosis and cholera. ANS: T REF: pp. 55-56

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Cell transport and disease

26. The term complementary base pairing refers to the ability of the DNA nucleotide adenine to

pair only with the nucleotide cytosine. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application TOP: DNA molecule and genetic information

REF: p. 56

27. If one side of a DNA molecule is adenine—guanine—cytosine—cytosine, the opposite side

would be thymine—cytosine—guanine—cytosine. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis TOP: DNA molecule and genetic information

REF: p. 56

28. A gene and a nucleotide are the same thing. ANS: F REF: p. 56

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: DNA molecule and genetic information

29. DNA and RNA differ in the number of strands they have, the type of sugar they have, and the

types of nitrogen bases they have. ANS: T REF: pp. 56-57

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: RNA molecules and protein synthesis

30. The process of transcription occurs in the nucleus. ANS: T REF: p. 57

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Transcription

31. If the DNA code is adenine—thymine—cytosine, the messenger RNA code would be thymine

—adenine—guanine. ANS: F PTS: 1 TOP: Transcription

DIF: Synthesis

REF: p. 57

32. The process of translation occurs in the nucleus. ANS: F REF: p. 57

PTS: 1 TOP: Translation

DIF: Memorization

33. If the messenger RNA code is uracil—adenine—guanine, the transfer RNA code would be

adenine—uracil—cytosine. ANS: T TOP: Translation

PTS: 1

DIF: Synthesis

REF: p. 57

34. The end product of the process of transcription is a messenger RNA molecule. ANS: T PTS: 1 TOP: Transcription

DIF: Analysis

REF: p. 57

35. The end product of the process of translation is an amino acid chain or protein.

ANS: T TOP: Translation

PTS: 1

DIF: Analysis

REF: p. 57

36. If the DNA code is adenine—thymine—guanine, the transfer RNA code that would be called

for would be adenine—uracil—guanine. ANS: T PTS: 1 TOP: Transcription and translation

DIF: Synthesis

REF: p. 57

37. DNA replication occurs during prophase of mitosis. ANS: F REF: p. 59

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: DNA replication

38. During anaphase, the chromosomes align in the center of the cell. ANS: F REF: p. 59

PTS: 1 TOP: Metaphase

DIF: Memorization

39. Chromatids form during prophase. ANS: T REF: p. 59

PTS: 1 TOP: Prophase

DIF: Memorization

40. The cleavage furrow begins to appear during telophase. ANS: F REF: p. 60

PTS: 1 TOP: Anaphase

DIF: Memorization

41. During telophase, two nuclei appear and the chromosomes become less distinct. ANS: T REF: p. 60

PTS: 1 TOP: Telophase

DIF: Memorization

42. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia are interchangeable terms. ANS: F REF: p. 61

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Changes in cell growth and development

43. The term hypertrophy means that there has been an increase in size of individual cells. ANS: T REF: p. 61

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Changes in cell growth and reproduction

44. The term hyperplasia means a decrease in the size of individual cells. ANS: F REF: p. 61

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Changes in cell growth and reproduction

45. Atrophy can be defined as a decrease in the size of individual cells. ANS: T REF: p. 61

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Changes in cell growth and reproduction

46. Both hyperplasia and hypertrophy can cause an increase in the size of a tissue or organ. ANS: T REF: p. 61

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Changes in cell growth and reproduction

47. In anaplasia, cells fail to mature normally and do not differentiate as they should. ANS: T REF: p. 62

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Changes in cell growth and reproduction

48. Atrophy is a characteristic of many neoplasms. ANS: F REF: p. 62

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Changes in cell growth and reproduction

49. The terms interstitial fluid and tissue fluid refer to the same thing. ANS: T REF: p. 44

PTS: 1 TOP: Cells

DIF: Memorization

50. Both mitochondria and ribosomes contain nucleic acids. ANS: T PTS: 1 TOP: Ribosomes and mitochondria

DIF: Application

REF: p. 47

51. Cellular respiration occurs in the Golgi apparatus. ANS: F REF: p. 47

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Mitochondria

52. The lysosome plays an important role in apoptosis (cell suicide). ANS: F REF: p. 47

PTS: 1 TOP: Lysosomes

DIF: Memorization

53. Flagella are extremely fine hairlike extensions on the exposed surface of certain cells. ANS: F REF: p. 49

PTS: 1 TOP: Cilia

DIF: Memorization

54. The sodium-potassium pump is an example of an active transport mechanism. ANS: T REF: p. 54

PTS: 1 TOP: Ion pumps

DIF: Memorization

55. Genes regulate cellular activity by determining what type of proteins will be made. ANS: T REF: p. 56

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: DNA molecule and genetic information