Chapter 1 1. Chapter 01-001 According to the textbook authors, we might better understand who becomes a professional hockey player by applying ideas developed by which of the following? a. Karl Marx b. Emile Durkheim *c. Max Weber d. Auguste Comte 2. Chapter 01-002 According to the textbook authors, what is the relationship between unemployment and postsecondary education? a. As unemployment increases, postsecondary enrolments decrease. *b. As unemployment increases, postsecondary enrolments increase. c. Unemployment and postsecondary unemployment are essentially unrelated. d. As unemployment decreases, postsecondary enrolments also decrease. 3. Chapter 01-003 "Expectations regarding how we are supposed to act" defines which of the following? a. values b. functionality *c. norms d. cultural facts 4. Chapter 01-004 It can be argued that the so-called hook-up culture found on the modern university or college campus results from a variety of social factors of which the individuals involved might not even be aware. When we make this statement, what kind of sociology are we practising? *a. seeing the strange in the familiar b. seeing the particular in the general c. employing social facts
d. recognising the irrelevance of free will 5. Chapter 01-005 According to sociologists, why do some individuals seem to have more resources and face fewer challenges when considering postsecondary education? a. Some universities will only admit students above a particular income level. b. Some individuals make poor choices and have no self-control in their youth. *c. Some individuals experience several coinciding larger social factors that may limit their choices. d. Some individuals don't have the inner resources to overcome life's challenges. 6. Chapter 01-006 In Canada today, how is postsecondary education most commonly viewed? *a. normative b. renormative c. dysfunctional d. functionally required 7. Chapter 01-007 Once Ruth got married, she quit her job, had two children, and stayed at home to raise them. Although Ruth had wanted to be a doctor, raising her children was what her family and friends expected her to do. What kind of influence on her actions was Ruth's decision to follow "expected path"? a. micro-level *b. macro-level c. global d. functional 8. Chapter 01-008 Which term refers to the level of broad social forces? a. micro level *b. macro level c. sociological level
d. public level 9. Chapter 01-009 How might a sociologist best understand a situation in which someone adopts a fashion trend that is being widely shared by others in society? a. an example of network diffusion b. the familiar in the strange *c. the strange in the familiar d. decorative diffusion 10. Chapter 01-010 Charles is supposed to drive his friends to school for an important examination. However, no matter how much he tries, Charles cannot start his car. In anger he tells his friends that his car is doing this on purpose. What quality is Charles attributing to his car? a. directionality *b. agency c. micro tendencies d. non-operationality 11. Chapter 01-011 What does it mean when sociologists refer to agency? *a. the ability to make choices b. the ability to connect to a broad web of social services c. the ability to influence others d. the ability to interact effectively with a bureaucracy such as the university 12. Chapter 01-012 Factors such as social stratification, inequality, race, ethnicity, and gender affect opportunities available to a person. What label did Max Weber give to these factors? *a. life chances b. individual opportunities c. life opportunities d. individual chances
13. Chapter 01-013 According to Max Weber, the ways in which our opportunities in life are affected by factors such as race, ethnicity, and gender is summarized by which of the following? a. stratified outcomes *b. life chances c. proletarian deprivation d. lifestyle competition 14. Chapter 01-014 Which of the following is most correct? a. Micro-sociological factors exert influence at the macro-sociological level. b. Macro-sociological factors exert influence at the micro-sociological level. *c. Micro and macro factors may be said to influence each other. d. Micro and macro factors are influential in mutually distinct ways. 15. Chapter 01-015 Which term best describes the relationship between the macro and micro level? a. unidirectional *b. bidirectional c. multidirectional d. nondirectional 16. Chapter 01-016 Which of the following best describes the term "life chances"? a. the probability of surviving a natural disaster *b. the opportunities in life resulting from patterns of stratification and inequality c. the ways in which what one achieves in life is a product of personal will and ambition d. the idea that luck has important sociological dimensions
17. Chapter 01-017 In Canada, how is the decision to attend university perceived? a. It is not considered normative. b. It is no longer affected by life chances. *c. It is, in one sense, an indirect product of the decisions made by so many married mothers to enter the work force in the 1960s and 1970s. d. It is rarely based on financial considerations. 18. Chapter 01-018 According to the textbook authors, what is the essence of the sociological perspective? a. the use of statistics to chart social change b. the promotion of the functional c. the desire to promote change at the micro level *d. the use of a sociological imagination 19. Chapter 01-019 Which statement best describes the relationship between micro and macro levels of explanation? a. Macro questions are the appropriate subject matter of sociology while micro questions are not. b. Micro questions tend to be more important than macro questions. c. Micro questions often require macro answers. *d. Individual experiences which occur at the micro level are intricately connected to broader social forces at the macro level. 20. Chapter 01-020 According to C. Wright Mills, who should use the sociological imagination? a. psychologists b. social psychologists c. professional sociologists only *d. everyone
21. Chapter 01-021 According to C. Wright Mills, what do sociologists try to do? a. They try to relate individual troubles to higher individual-level factors. b. They try to understand individual troubles in a comparative way. *c. They try to relate private troubles to public issues d. They try to understand individual troubles in an interdisciplinary way. 22. Chapter 01-022 Which term best describes the ability of a person to grasp the connection between society and self? *a. sociological imagination b. social evolution c. sociological revelation d. structural integration 23. Chapter 01-023 Which of the following helps us to understand that things are not always what they seem to be? a. the sociological you b. the sociological problematic c. the sociological paradox *d. the sociological imagination 24. Chapter 01-024 Why would social services workers benefit from a degree in sociology? a. They need to understand how to work with marginalised individuals. b. A university degree in at least one social science is necessary for the position. c. They develop social service programs. *d. They deal with both personal and social problems.
25. Chapter 01-025 According to C. Wright Mills, the sociological imagination encourages the exploration of which of the following with respect to unemployment? a. the reasons for individual unemployment b. how the unemployment of individuals affects society in dysfunctional ways c. why unemployment rates have more to do with the imagination of the record-keepers than with the facts *d. the link between unemployment as an individual problem and unemployment as a societal problem 26. Chapter 01-026 Why do some people use the phrase "commit sociology"? a. It is often used by researchers to describe their procedures. *b. They mean to discourage an examination of the root causes of serious social problems. c. It is used to reference to C. Wright Mills, who first used it to describe sociologists feeling about the sociological imagination. d. It is used as a way of acknowledging the contributions of Max Weber because he was the first to use the phrase. 27. Chapter 01-027 When the sociological imagination is employed, we are encouraged to see a link between which pair of concepts? *a. biography and history b. anomie and life chances c. significant and generalised others d. normative and non-normative behaviour 28. Chapter 01-028 According to C. Wright Mills, which of the following is true with respect to the sociological imagination? a. It is best thought of really just an intellectual exercise. b. When used by itself, it lacks any real explanatory power.
c. It provides a poor guide for the development of social policy. *d. It should be employed by all members of society. 29. Chapter 01-029 What is being suggested when scholars are accused of "committing sociology"? *a. that they are too interested in the root causes of social problems b. that they fail to be attentive to the role played by social facts in the life of a society c. that sociology is a superior approach when compared to other social sciences d. that sociology lacks a moral dimension 30. Chapter 01-030 Who was Auguste Comte? a. He introduced the concept of the "life chance." b. He introduced the concept of the "sociological imagination." c. He argued that sociology needs to be more interdisciplinary. *d. He gave sociology its name. 31. Chapter 01-031 The work of which of the following can be seen as an important precursor of sociology? a. Hypatia b. Napoleon c. Michelangelo *d. Ibn Khaldun 32. Chapter 01-032 For Comte what are the key dimensions of social life? a. the individual and society b. material and non-material culture c. the social and the pre-social *d. social statics and social dynamics
33. Chapter 01-033 Whom might most people consider to be the founder of Sociology? a. Erving Goffman b. C. Wright Mills *c. Auguste Comte d. Julius Marx 34. Chapter 01-034 Even before the discipline had a name, what were the early sociologists trying to understand? a. research methods *b. social change c. early theory d. social myth 35. Chapter 01-035 Which of the following terms refers to the establishment of permanent settlements, the appropriation of resources, and the exploitation of Indigenous peoples? a. exploration/discovery b. colonialism *c. colonization d. resettlement 36. Chapter 01-036 How can we think of sociology when compared to other social sciences? a. it is more honest b. it is more valid *c. it is more comprehensive d. it is much more ancient 37. Chapter 01-037 Who is acknowledged as doing work that examined how power affected the society of the time? a. Mahatma Gandhi *b. Ibn Khaldun
c. Aristotle d. Confucius 38. Chapter 01-038 Who is noted as the first academic to recognize the significance of combining empirical research and theory as a productive method of studying the social world? *a. Auguste Comte b. Karl Marx c. Max Weber d. Max Blumer 39. Chapter 01-039 Sociological research has provided society with an overview of the Canadian legal and corrections systems. These data would not have been available for analysis and application to society without the use of which of the following to gather reliable knowledge? *a. empirical methods b. theoretical conceptualization c. research funding d. experimental methodologies 40. Chapter 01-040 A defining feature of sociology, what is its central focus? a. the study of behaviour b. group psychology *c. the connections between people and organizations d. the study of social life 41. Chapter 01-041 Why do we describe sociological methods as empirical? a. They were first used in the establishment of the British Empire. b. They reflect the biases of those who use them. *c. They involve the collection of verifiable evidence. d. They use a non-historical approach.
42. Chapter 01-042 Which term refers to a set of propositions intended to explain a fact or a phenomenon? *a. a theory b. a norm c. a concept d. a paradigm 43. Chapter 01-043 In a large metropolitan centre, authorities suspected that break-and-enter and other theft crimes were increasing due to massive layoffs during a global recession and the subsequent loss of income. By systematically studying the income levels of populations within the metropolitan area, the most vulnerable areas were identified and strategies for addressing the immediate needs of the people in those areas were initiated. Which sociological approach is useful for this type of objective study of this nature? a. critical *b. positivist c. negativist d. reductionist 44. Chapter 01-044 Jocelyn has been turned down for five jobs in the last two months. She believes the interviewers do not consider her because of the colour of her skin. What theoretical approach would be most effective when analysing situations like Jocelyn's ? a. interpretive *b. critical c. positive d. negative 45. Chapter 01-045 What do positivist theories emphasize? a. the need for observations of the social world to be interesting b. an implicit optimism c. the macro level of analysis
*d. explanation and prediction 46. Chapter 01-046 Which statement best describes a positivist approach? a. It stems from the humanities. b. It focuses on subjective explanations. *c. It looks at the relationships between variables. d. It assume that people generally have favourable views of their society. 47. Chapter 01-047 How can we best describe classical sociological theories? a. They are most commonly taught in courses which deal with contemporary theory. b. They have been most attentive to the work of feminist scholars. *c. They were developed during the early days of the discipline. d. They are most frequently used in contemporary research. 48. Chapter 01-048 Social power is an essential element of which of the following type of theory? a. positivist *b. conflict c. interpretive d. neoclassical 49. Chapter 01-049 According to the text, which theory emphasizes explanation and prediction, assuming that there are objective "laws" that govern the way society works? a. interpretivist theorizing b. critical theorizing *c. positivist theorizing d. feminist theorizing
50. Chapter 01-050 According to the text, what do we call collectively shared criteria by which we determine whether something is right or wrong? a. sociology *b. values c. theory d. functionalism 51. Chapter 01-051 What might a sociologist identify as a latent function of religion? a. It addresses our most important empirical questions. b. It teaches us to distinguish the sacred from the secular. *c. It increases solidarity by bringing community members together. d. It addresses "big questions" such as "what is the meaning of life"? 52. Chapter 01-052 For the most part, contemporary Canadian society is characterised by which of the following? a. mechanical solidarity *b. organic solidarity c. postmodern solidarity d. solidarity rooted in conflict 53. Chapter 01-053 Which of the following is NOT true with respect to social facts? a. they may have a non-material form b. they can be said to exist independently of individuals *c. they are most closely associated with the work of Max Weber d. they are exemplified by, for instance, the suicide rate
54. Chapter 01-054 Which of the following is NOT a material social fact? a. the educational system *b. the belief system c. the criminal justice system d. the highway system 55. Chapter 01-055 João grew up in the countryside, but moved to the city to find work when he turned 18. He felt very lost because he was unsure of social norms that were followed in his new urban surroundings. According to Durkheim, what consequence might follow from such experiences? a. manifest urbanism b. neo-urbanism c. dysfunctional *d. anomie 56. Chapter 01-056 Which term would most sociologists use to describe the tendency for people in society to become increasingly isolated from each other? a. manifest function b. disnormative *c. dysfunctional d. micro level affect 57. Chapter 01-057 When the members of society share a view that something is right or wrong, what do we say they are expressing? *a. their values b. their norms c. a generalized otherness d. an emancipatory laxity 58. Chapter 01-058 Which of the following is Émile Durkheim most closely associated?
a. life chances *b. anomie c. class conflict d. the generalized other 59. Chapter 01-059 Which type of society is characterised by organic solidarity? a. a traditional society b. a preindustrial society *c. a contemporary urban society d. a very homogeneous society 60. Chapter 01-060 Which of the terms below best define anomie? a. class conflict *b. normlessness c. dysfunctional d. eufunctional 61. Chapter 01-061 Suicide rates in some Indigenous communities are among the highest in Canada. While suicide is often characterized as an individual's response to pain, emotional, psychological, and/or other mental health concerns, what term might Durkheim use to describe what appears to be a specific issue within an entire community of people? a. dysfunctional b. cultural fatigue *c. anomie d. shared post-traumatic stress 62. Chapter 01-062 During an economic depression, large numbers of people may feel a collective sense of normlessness and uncertainty about what the rules are under which social condition. Who would best describe this type of situation? a. Marx *b. Durkhein
c. Mills d. Comte 63. Chapter 01-063 During an economic depression, large numbers of people may feel a collective sense of normlessness and uncertainty about what the rules are under these new social conditions.¬†¬†What is this situation an example of? a. normative deficiency *b. anomie c. dysfunction d. inadequate normalization 64. Chapter 01-064 Which type of society would conflict theorists find most reflective of their arguments? a. a society which is constantly at war with its neighbours b. a society in which there is no real violence but in which levels of media violence are very high *c. a society in which a small group of powerful people is at the top of the social hierarchy and a large group of powerless people is on the bottom. d. a society in which a proletarian class exploits the bourgeoisie class 65. Chapter 01-065 Who is credited with founding the conflict perspective? a. Émile Durkheim *b. Karl Marx c. Max Weber d. George Herbert Mead 66. Chapter 01-066 Critical theory focuses on what factor influencing social processes? a. negativity b. social problems c. self-interpretation
*d. power 67. Chapter 01-067 According to the text, what type of theorizing explores the role that power plays in social processes, and emphasizes the importance of knowledge being tied to emancipation? a. interpretivist theorizing *b. critical theorizing c. positivist theorizing d. feminist theorizing 68. Chapter 01-068 In Marxist conflict theory, who are the owners of the means of production? *a. the bourgeoisie b. the proletariat c. the leaders d. everyone 69. Chapter 01-069 According to the text, which sociological framework views society as comprising individuals who are engaged in various forms of communication, which come to mean particular things based on common shared understandings that develop between specific people? a. conflict framework *b. interactionist framework c. feminist framework d. postmodern framework 70. Chapter 01-070 Which theoretical framework is tightly linked with practice? a. structural functionalist theory b. symbolic interactionist theory c. Durkheim's theory *d. conflict theory
71. Chapter 01-071 According to Marx, who is likely to become alienated under capitalism? a. the bourgeoise b. nouveau riche *c. proletariat d. lower level government bureaucrats 72. Chapter 01-072 There is a small group of people in town who seem to have all the money and make all the rules. The rules they make (especially around employment) are intended to ensure they continue to have all the money. Which theoretical perspective would be most effective to analyze the activities in this town? a. structural functionalism b. feminist theory *c. conflict theory d. anomie 73. Chapter 01-073 George Herbert Mead and Herbert Blumer are credited with pioneering work with respect to which sociological perspective? a. critical b. feminist c. functionalist *d. interactionist 74. Chapter 01-074 What is the sociological label we give to people (including people we might not know) when we care about what those people think of us? *a. the generalized other b. the significant other c. the general public d. the significant public
75. Chapter 01-075 Batool did not want to wear a sari to the mall because she was afraid of what shoppers at the mall would say about her. How would George Herbert Mead describe the shoppers Batool was concerned about? a. significant others *b. generalized others c. significant shoppers d. generalized shoppers 76. Chapter 01-076 According to George Herbert Mead, what do we develop as we pass through all of the main stages of socialization? a. social awareness b. social savvy c. a multisignificant other *d. a generalized other 77. Chapter 01-077 Which of the following is associated with the concept of praxis? a. positivism b. functionalism c. symbolic interactionism *d. conflict theory 78. Chapter 01-078 In what kinds of situations involving one's superiors might people engage in impression management? a. mainly in high pressure situations b. when superiors know that they have behaved in a non-normative way c. mainly at the micro level *d. in all aspects of public life 79. Chapter 01-079 Tamar has a health condition which makes it impossible to wear a mask to protect against COVID-19. While this is perfectly understandable, she is reluctant to venture out
because of how others might respond to her. We might say that she is worried about which of the following? a. network rejection *b. generalised other c. crowd mentality d. reactive other 80. Chapter 01-080 Which type of theorist would argue that it is important to understand social worlds the way the people who live in those social worlds understand them? a. functionalist b. conflict c. positivist *d. interactionist 81. Chapter 01-081 Large-scale social movements are often informed by a conflict theory framework. What is the term coined by Karl Marx that describes the connection between scholarship and action by some groups attempting to end their subordination? a. reactiveness *b. praxis c. academic intervention d. autonomy 82. Chapter 01-082 Which term refers to the group of people who are most important to us and who have a major influence in our socialization? *a. significant others b. specialized others c. significant individuals d. socialized others 83. Chapter 01-083 Who was one of the first feminist sociologists? a. Beatrice Potter Webb
b. Jane Addams *c. Harriet Martineau d. Marianne Weber 84. Chapter 01-084 According to the text, which statement is true with respect to all versions of contemporary feminist theory? a. They strive to be androcentric. b. They employ the concept of patriarchy. c. They are Marxist in form. *d. They argue that research and theory must be combined with practice. 85. Chapter 01-085 Which term best describes a society when legal and/or social power is vested in men? *a. patriarchal b. patrilocal c. gender focused d. gender antiquated 86. Chapter 01-086 Which statement best describes of the work of sociologist Dorothy Smith? a. It is widely recognized for her androcentric approaches to sociology. b. It argued that the only way to change social structures is to focus on their economic base. *c. It argued that the only way to understand the micro level is to understand the lived experience at that level. d. It is one of the key contributions associated with 19th century feminist sociology. 87. Chapter 01-087 The feminist perspective argues that past academic research has inadequately studied women's experiences as different from men's experiences. Why is this the case? *a. The research has been androcentric.
b. The research has been focused on functionality. c. The research has been conflict driven. d. The research has been matrilineal. 88. Chapter 01-088 Jane and Josh both went to get their haircut and they both got brush cuts. Mutual friends had a much stronger, negative reaction to Jane's haircut, telling her she looked awful and should grow her hair back. Josh was told he looked good. Using a feminist sociological framework, which statement best explains this difference in reactions? a. Gendered interpretation is an individual-level process. *b. Expectations regarding behaviour are gendered because society is gendered. c. Conflict will confirm that society is gendered. d. Style is gendered regardless of other gender changes in society. 89. Chapter 01-089 Postmodern sociology emerged after which significant historical event? a. World War I *b. World War II c. the collapse of the Soviet Union d. the 9/11 terror attacks 90. Chapter 01-090 Who is credited with the conceptualization of standpoint theory? a. Harriet Blondeau b. Margaret Neuman *c. Dorothy Smith d. Beatrice Williams 91. Chapter 01-091 Dorothy Smith, a Canadian sociologist, contends that women's positions have been overlooked or ridiculed. She suggests that feminist theory and practice must assume the
79. Chapter 06-079 Which theory is best suited to help us appreciate how much our lives change with the introduction of each new medium? a. feminist theory *b. postmodern theory c. functionalist theory d. symbolic interactionism theory 80. Chapter 06-080 According to postmodern theorists, what is NOT considered an aspect of media literacy? a. All media are constructions. b. Media have commercial interests. c. Media have social and political implications. *d. Meaning in media is the same for all audiences. 81. Chapter 06-081 Many critics have argued that while Stephen King's books are as frightening as he intends them to be, the movies based on his books are much less successful. It seems it's more difficult to tell these stories in movie form than in book form. This observation is most relevant to which of the principles described below? a. Books require us to use our imaginations and movies do not. b. It is more difficult to create suspense and dread in a 2-hour movie than it is in a book that may takeseveral days to read. c. It is much more difficult to write for the screenthan to write a novel. *d. Each medium has a unique aesthetic form. 82. Chapter 06-082 Mike is taking a sociology course titled "Mass Media and Communications for the 21st Century." His interest in this class emerges from his concern with how media might be negatively or positively affecting society through subtle messages embedded in a variety of media formats. What is the main intent of this course? *a. media literacy
b. mass media analysis c. media deconstruction d. critical multimedia research analysis 83. Chapter 06-083 According to the text, what can we state about an individual if he or she is able to recognize, critically assess, and make informed choices about the messages contained in mass media forms? a. She or he is socially aware. b. She or he is critically educated. c. She or he is a feminist. *d. She or he is media literate. 84. Chapter 06-084 Jackson is a 25-year-old who watches about 18 hours of TV per week. He is on par with other millennials. *a. True b. False 85. Chapter 06-085 Those over the age of 55 are least likely to use a smartphone to multitask while they are watching television. *a. True b. False 86. Chapter 06-086 The claim that in Russia a very small group of people referred to as an oligarchy are able to monitor and control virtually all of the information individuals are exposed to is really just a myth. a. True *b. False 87. Chapter 06-087 Bitcoin is a type of cryptocurrency. *a. True
b. False 89. Chapter 06-089 According to Tomi T. Ahonen, email is the "new" 7th mass media. a. True *b. False 90. Chapter 06-090 When an enhanced version of reality created by the use of technology to overlay digital information on an image being viewed through a device it is referred to as a "virtual reality." a. True *b. False 91. Chapter 06-091 Conflict theorists argue that a small powerful group determines how we come to view certain things. *a. True b. False 92. Chapter 06-092 It can be said that a manifest function of the media is to provide audiences with current, up-to-date communications. *a. True b. False 93. Chapter 06-093 The music industry does not reflect the same concentration of ownership as newspapers, television, or movies. a. True *b. False
94. Chapter 06-094 In Western countries like Canada, where media are privately owned, the media are intended to generate profit. *a. True b. False 95. Chapter 06-095 With respect to most Western media, it is correct to say that conglomerates play an agenda-setting function with respect to media content. *a. True b. False 97. Chapter 06-097 People are powerfully influenced by media messages because they think they are invulnerable to such messages. *a. True b. False 98. Chapter 06-098 Entman (1991) argues that "sizing" is essentially irrelevant to the framing process. a. True *b. False 99. Chapter 06-099 Representation is a term used to describe how meaning is attributed to media images. *a. True b. False 100. Chapter 06-100 Girls internalize media messages about beauty and femininity between the ages of 8 and 10. a. True *b. False
101. Chapter 06-101 Cultivation theorists argue that media representations of violence and disorder tend to convince viewers that the world is a meaner and more brutish place than it really is. *a. True b. False 102. Chapter 06-102 Cultivation theory has been demonstrated with experiments using "Bobo dolls." a. True *b. False 103. Chapter 06-103 The evidence from experimental studies demonstrates the potential long-term link between TV violence and aggressiveness. *a. True b. False 104. Chapter 06-104 The "mean world syndrome" is normally associated with postmodern theory. a. True *b. False 105. Chapter 06-105 Media literacy enables a person to make informed choices about messages contained in the mass media. *a. True b. False
Chapter 7 1. Chapter 07-001 According to the text, which term applies to the biological differences between females and males? *a. sex b. sexuality c. gender d. genetics 2. Chapter 07-002 The idea that there is a dualism in the areas of sex, gender, and sexualities is derived from which of the following? a. ideology b. nonmaterial culture *c. elite discourse d. biology 4. Chapter 07-004 Males should be strong, dominant, independent, and invulnerable. What is this statement an example of? a. sexual identity typing b. gender identity discourses *c. elite gender discourses d. sex typing identity 5. Chapter 07-005 According to the textbook, which of the following best defines "sex"? a. Sex is a matter of socioeconomics. b. Gender is construed as dualist, but sex is not. c. Sex is construed as dualist, but gender is not. *d. Sex is a matter of biology. 6. Chapter 07-006 What does the term "the opposite sex" assume? a. that sex is determined at the moment of conception