Contents Preface Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapter 33
Introduction, Measurement, Estimating Describing Motion: Kinematics in One Dimension Kinematics in Two Dimensions; Vectors Dynamics: Newton's Laws of Motion Circular Motion; Gravitation Work and Energy Linear Momentum Rotational Motion Static Equilibrium; Elasticity and Fracture Fluids Vibrations and Waves Sound Temperature and Kinetic Theory Heat The Laws of Thermodynamics Electric Charge and Electric Field Electric Potential Electric Currents DC Circuits Magnetism Electromagnetic Induction and Faraday's Law Electromagnetic Waves Light: Geometric Optics The Wave Nature of Light Optical Instruments Special Theory of Relativity Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom Quantum Mechanics of Atoms Molecules and Solids Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity Nuclear Energy; Effects and Uses of Radiation Elementary Particles Astrophysics and Cosmology
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Test Item File to accompany
Physics: Principles with Applications Sixth Edition Douglas Giancoli Delena Bell Gatch Georgia Southern University
Preface This test bank is a revision and update of the Test Item File accompanying the fifth edition of Douglas Giancoli’s Physics: Principles with Applications. The sixth edition test bank was created with TestGenerator, a networkable program for creating quizzes and exams. TestGenerator allows users to modify existing questions/problems, including algorithmic versions, as well as create and input new questions/problems. This test bank contains approximately 2500 multiple choice, short answer, and essay questions. The majority of the multiple choice questions and problems could also be given as free response questions or problems. Like the end of chapter of Physics: Principles with Applications, each chapter of the test bank is divided into two sections: Conceptual Questions and Quantitative Problems. Thus, nearly 50% of the material in the test bank is conceptual in nature. All questions and problems are ranked by level of difficulty and are referenced to the corresponding section in the textbook. The notation in the sixth edition test bank has been updated to reflect the notation used in the sixth edition of Physics: Principles with Applications. About the Author Dr. Delena Bell Gatch has taught introductory physics at Georgia Southern University since early 2001. She completed her Ph.D. at the University of Georgia in September of 2000, and remained at the University of Georgia as a post doctorial assistant before accepting the assistant professor position Georgia Southern University. Her field of specialty is experimental condensed matter physics. Her research ventures have included the study of the properties of powder phosphors for flat panel displays, the development of new infrared detection schemes utilizing visible emission from crystals, and the investigation of the shifts in energy levels of crystals due to the application of hydrostatic pressure. During a typical semester, Dr. Gatch teaches three or four introductory physics classes, in addition to one-to-three introductory physics labs. She works with students in the University Honors Program who desire to study physics in greater depth. She also spends time outside of the classroom assisting her premedical students who are preparing to take the MCAT.
Chapter 1 Introduction, Measurement, Estimating
Conceptual Questions 1) Four students measure the mass of an object, each using a different scale. They record their results as follows: Student Mass (g )
A 49.06
B 49
C 50
D 49.2
Which student used the least precise scale? A) A B) B C) C D) D Answer: C Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
2) Four students measure the mass of an object, each using a different scale. They record their results as follows: Student Mass (g )
A 49.06
B 49
C 50
D 49.2
Which student used the most precise scale? A) A B) B C) C D) D Answer: A Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
3) A useful method of expressing very small or very large numbers is A) scientific notation. B) arabic numerals. C) the metric system. D) roman numerals. Answer: A Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
1
Chapter 1: Introduction, Measurement, Estimating
4) All of the following are base units of the SI system except: A) kilogram. B) kelvin. C) meter. D) volt. Answer: D Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 15-1.6
5) Select the list which contains only SI basic units. A) liter, meter, second, watt B) joule, kelvin, kilogram, watt C) candela, kelvin, meter, second D) joule, newton, second, watt Answer: C Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
6) How many basic units does the SI system have? A) four B) five C) seven D) ten Answer: C Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
7) The base SI unit of time is A) hour. B) minute. C) second. D) millisecond. Answer: C Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
8) In the CGS system, what are the fundamental units? A) Newton, centimeter, second B) kilogram, meter, second C) gram, centimeter, minute D) gram, centimeter, second Answer: D Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
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Physics: Principles with Applications, Sixth Edition
9) The metric prefix for one one-thousandth is A) milli. B) centi. C) kilo. D) mega. Answer: A Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
10) The metric prefix for one one-hundredth is A) milli. B) centi. C) kilo. D) mega. Answer: B Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
11) The metric prefix for one thousand is A) milli. B) centi. C) kilo. D) mega. Answer: C Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
12) Express the number 0.02 days using a prefix of Table 1-4. A) 2 decidays B) 2 centidays C) 2 millidays D) 2 microdays Answer: B Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
13) What is the conversion factor between km/h and m/s? A) 0.0278 m/s B) 0.278 m/s C) 3.60 m/s D) 16.7 m/s Answer: B Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
3
Chapter 1: Introduction, Measurement, Estimating
14) What is the conversion factor between km/h 2 and m/s 2? A) 7.72 ˛ 10-6 m/s 2 B) 2.78 ˛ 10-1 m/s 2 C) 1.30 ˛ 104 m/s 2 D) 3.60 m/s 2 Answer: A Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
15) What is the conversion factor between cm2 and m2? A) 0.01 m2/cm2 B) 0.0001 m2/cm2 C) 100 m2/cm2 D) 10000 m2/cm2 Answer: B Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
16) The position, x, of an object is given by the equation x = A + Bt +Ct2, where t refers to time. What are the dimensions of A, B, and C? A) distance, distance, distance B) distance, time, time2 C) distance, distance/time, distance/time2 D) distance/time, distance/time2, distance/time3 Answer: C Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 1.8
Quantitative Problems 1) What is the percent uncertainty in the measurement 2.58 ± 0.15 cm? A) 2.9% B) 5.8% C) 8.7% D) 12% Answer: B Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
2) What, approximately, is the percent uncertainty for the measurement 5.2? A) 1% B) 2% C) 3% D) 4% Answer: B Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
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Physics: Principles with Applications, Sixth Edition
3) What is the percent uncertainty in the area of a circle whose radius is 1.8 ˛ 104 cm? A) 1.1% B) 5.6% C) 11% D) 56% Answer: C Diff: 3
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
4) What is the volume, and its approximate uncertainty, of a sphere of radius 1.96 ± 0.01 m? A) 31.5 ± 0.2 m2 B) 31.5 ± 0.3 m2 C) 31.5 ± 0.4 m2 D) 31.5 ± 0.5 m2 Answer: D Diff: 3
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
5) The number of significant figures in 10001 is A) two. B) three. C) five. D) six. Answer: C Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
6) The number of significant figures in 0.01500 is A) two. B) three. C) four. D) five. Answer: C Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
7) The number of significant figures in 0.040 is A) one. B) two. C) three. D) four. Answer: B Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
5
Chapter 1: Introduction, Measurement, Estimating
8) Which of the following has three significant figures? A) 305.0 cm B) 0.0500 mm C) 1.00081 kg D) 8.060 ˛ 1011 m2 Answer: B Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
9) What is the sum of 2.67 + 1.976 + 2.1? A) 6.7 B) 6.75 C) 6.746 D) 6.7460 Answer: A Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
10) What is the difference between 103.5 and 102.24? A) 1.3 B) 1.26 C) 1.260 D) 1.2600 Answer: A Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
11) What is the product of 12.56 and 2.12? A) 27 B) 26.6 C) 26.23 D) 26.627 Answer: B Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
12) What is the result of 2.43 d 4.561? A) 5.3278 ˛ 10-1 B) 5.328 ˛ 10-1 C) 5.33 ˛ 10-1 D) 5.3 ˛ 10-1 Answer: C Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
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Physics: Principles with Applications, Sixth Edition
13) What is the cosine of 55e ? A) 0.6 B) 0.57 C) 0.574 D) 0.5736 Answer: B Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
14) The length and width of a rectangle are 1.125 m and 0.606 m, respectively. Multiplying, your calculator gives the product as 0.68175. Rounding properly to the correct number of significant figures, the area should be written as A) 0.68 m2. B) 0.682 m2. C) 0.6818 m2. D) 0.68175 m2. Answer: B Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
15) The length and width of a rectangle are 1.125 m and 0.606 m, respectively. You calculate the rectangle's perimeter by adding these and multiplying by two. Your calculator's display reads 3.462. To the correct number of significant figures, this should be written as A) 3.5 m. B) 3.46 m. C) 3.462 m. D) 3.4620 m. Answer: C Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
16) A rectangle is 3.25 m long and 1.5 m wide. What is its area? A) 4.875 m2 B) 4.87 m2 C) 4.80 m2 D) 4.9 m2 Answer: D Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
7
Chapter 1: Introduction, Measurement, Estimating
17) A rectangular garden measures 15 m long and 13.7 m wide. What is the length of a diagonal from one corner of the garden to the other? A) 18 m B) 19 m C) 20 m D) 4.1 ˛ 102 m Answer: C Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
18) Select the smallest value. A) 15 ˛ 10-3 B) 0.15 ˛ 100 C) 0.00015 ˛ 103 D) 0.00000015 ˛ 106 Answer: A Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
19) Write the number 0.00045 in power of ten notation. A) 4.5 ˛ 10-4 B) 4.5 ˛ 10-3 C) 4.5 ˛ 10-2 D) 4.5 ˛ 10-1 Answer: A Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
20) 0.0001776 can also be expressed as A) 1.776 ˛ 10-4. B) 17.72 ˛ 104. C) 1772 ˛ 105. D) 177.2 ˛ 107. Answer: A Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
21) 4567.89 is properly expressed in scientific notation as A) 4.56789 ˛ 103. B) 45.6789 ˛ 102. C) 456.789 ˛ 101. D) 4567.89 ˛ 100. Answer: A Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
8
Physics: Principles with Applications, Sixth Edition
22) Convert 1.2 ˛ 10-3 to decimal notation. A) 1.200 B) 0.1200 C) 0.0120 D) 0.0012 Answer: D Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
23) Write out the number 8.42 ˛ 10-5 in full with a decimal point and correct number of zeros. A) 0.00000842 B) 0.0000842 C) 0.000842 D) 0.00842 Answer: B Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
24) What is the result of (0.410 + 0.021) ˛ (2.20 ˛ 103)? A) 880 B) 946 C) 948 D) 950 Answer: C Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
25) Write the number 13.5 gigameters as full (decimal) numbers with standard units. A) 135,000 m B) 135,000,000 m C) 135,000,000,000 m D) 13,500,000,000 m Answer: D Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
26) 100 mL is equivalent to which of the following? A) 1 kL B) 10-6 mL C) 0.1 L D) 0.01 ML Answer: C Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
9
Chapter 1: Introduction, Measurement, Estimating
27) How many grams is forty milligrams? A) 0.000040 g B) 0.00040 g C) 0.040 g D) 40000 g Answer: C Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
28) How many meters is sixty kilometers? A) 600,000 m B) 60,000 m C) 60 m D) 0.06 m Answer: B Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
29) 1 angstrom = 10-10 m and 1 fermi = 10-15 m, what is the relationship between these units? A) 1 angstrom = 105 fermi B) 1 angstrom = 10-5 fermi C) 1 angstrom = 10-25 fermi D) 1 angstrom = 10+25 fermi Answer: A Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
30) 0.00325 ˛ 10-8 cm can also be expressed in mm as A) 3.25 ˛ 10-12 mm. B) 3.25 ˛ 10-11 mm. C) 3.25 ˛ 10-10 mm. D) 3.25 ˛ 10-9 mm. Answer: C Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
31) Which one of the following is not equivalent to 2.50 miles? (1 mi = 1.609 km = 5280 ft, 1 ft = 12 in.) A) 1.32 ˛ 104 ft B) 1.58 ˛ 105 in. C) 4.02 ˛ 103 km D) 4.40 ˛ 103 yd Answer: C Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
10
Physics: Principles with Applications, Sixth Edition
32) If you are 5'10'' tall, what is your height in meters? (1 in = 2.54 cm.) A) 1.5 m B) 1.6 m C) 1.7 m D) 1.8 m Answer: D Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
33) If 1 inch = 2.54 cm, and 1 yd = 36 in., how many meters are in 7.00 yd? A) 6.40 m B) 36.3 m C) 640 m D) 1.78 ˛ 103 m Answer: A Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
34) A hot air balloon rises to an altitude of 600 fathoms. What is this height, in feet? (1 fathom = 6 ft.) A) 100 ft B) 600 ft C) 1200 ft D) 3600 ft Answer: D Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
35) The average life of an animal is 70 years. Assume one numerical figure, write this in power of ten in seconds. A) 3 ˛ 107 s B) 2 ˛ 107 s C) 2 ˛ 109 s D) 3 ˛ 109 s Answer: C Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
36) The mass of an electron is 9.1 ˛ 10-31 kg. How many electrons will make a mass of 1.0 kg? A) 9.1 ˛ 1030 B) 1.1 ˛ 1030 C) 9.1 ˛ 1031 D) 1.1 ˛ 1031 Answer: B Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 15-1.6
11
Chapter 1: Introduction, Measurement, Estimating
37) How many m/s is 50 mi/h equivalent to? (1 mi = 1609 m.) A) 49 m/s B) 2.2 m/s C) 22 m/s D) 45 m/s Answer: C Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
38) How much longer (percentage) is a 100 m dash than a 100 yd dash? (1 yd = 0.9146 m.) A) 3.5% B) 6.5% C) 8.5% D) 12% Answer: C Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
39) Which is the largest area? A) 2,500,000 cm2 B) 100,000 cm2 C) 7.5 m2 D) 0.75 m2 Answer: B Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
40) If 1 inch = 2.54 cm, how many square centimeters are in 1.00 square in.? A) 1.59 B) 2.54 C) 5.08 D) 6.45 Answer: D Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
41) Express the following sum with the correct number of significant figures: 1.00 kg + 1531 g + 2.54 ˛ 104 mg. A) 2.56 kg B) 27.9 kg C) 2.53 kg D) 2.79 kg Answer: A Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
12
Physics: Principles with Applications, Sixth Edition
42) A football field is 120 yd long and 50 yd wide. What is the area of the football field, in m2, if 1 yd = 91.44 cm? A) 2.4 ˛ 103 m2 B) 3.7 ˛ 103 m2 C) 4.2 ˛ 103 m2 D) 5.0 ˛ 103 m2 Answer: D Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
43) A ball has a radius of 3.23 cm. What is the volume of the ball in m3? A) 1.41 ˛ 10-4 B) 1.41 C) 4.23 ˛ 10-4 D) 4.23 Answer: A Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
44) A thick-walled metal pipe of length 20.0 cm has an inside diameter of 2.00 cm and an outside diameter of 2.40 cm. What is the total surface area of the pipe, counting the ends, in m2? A) 276 B) 277 C) 278 D) 279 Answer: D Diff: 3
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
45) The radius of the Earth is 3963 mi. What is the surface area of the Earth in square meters? (1 mi = 1609 m.) A) 4.9 ˛ 107 m2 B) 1.3 ˛ 1014 m2 C) 2.6 ˛ 1014 m2 D) 5.1 ˛ 1014 m2 Answer: D Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
13
Chapter 1: Introduction, Measurement, Estimating
46) The average density of blood is 1.06 ˛ 103 kg/m3. If you donate a pint of blood to the Red Cross, what mass of blood have you donated, in grams? (1 pt = 1/2 L, 1 L = 1000 cm3.) A) 530 g B) 0.530 g C) 5300 g D) 5.30 ˛ 105 g Answer: A Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
47) The mass of Mars, 6.40 ˛ 1023 kg, is about one-tenth that of the Earth, and its radius, 3395 km, is about half that of Earth. What is the mean density of Mars in kg/m3? A) 9.76 ˛ 102 B) 1.95 ˛ 103 C) 3.90 ˛ 103 D) 7.81 ˛ 103 Answer: C Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
48) Concrete is sold by the cubic yard. What is the mass, in kilograms, of one cubic yard of concrete that is five times as dense as water? (1 m = 1.094 yd, and 1 m3 of water has a mass of 1,000 kg.) A) 764 kg B) 2.42 ˛ 103 kg C) 3.82 ˛ 103 kg D) 6.55 ˛ 103 kg Answer: C Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 1.5-1.6
49) An average human has a heart rate of 70 beats per minute. If someone's heart beats at that average rate over a 70-yr lifetime, how many times would it beat? A) 7˛ 105 B) 2 ˛ 106 C) 2 ˛ 107 D) 3 ˛ 109 Answer: D Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 1.7
14
Physics: Principles with Applications, Sixth Edition
50) A large school district has 300 school buses. If each school bus is used 3 hours each day, the average speed of the school buses is 15 mi/h, and the fuel economy of the buses is 10 mi/gal. How much does it cost to run these buses in 22 school days if gasoline costs $1.20 a gallon? A) $600 B) $1200 C) $1800 D) $2400 Answer: B Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 1.7
51) A person stands 35.0 m from a flag pole. With a protractor at eye level, he finds that the angle at the top of the flag pole makes with the horizontal is 25.0 degrees. How high is the flag pole? (The distance from his feet to his eyes is 1.7 m.) A) 10 m B) 20 m C) 30 m D) 80 m Answer: B Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 1.7
52) Starting from city A, a car drives 250 miles east to city B, then 300 miles north to city C, and finally 700 miles west to city D. What is the distance between city A and city D? A) 300 mi B) 400 mi C) 500 mi D) 600 mi Answer: C Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 1.7
53) The last page of a book is numbered 764. The book is 3.00 cm thick. What is the average thickness of a sheet of paper in the book, in centimeters? A) 4 ˛ 10-3 B) 8 ˛ 10-3 C) 100 D) 200 Answer: B Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 1.7
15
Chapter 1: Introduction, Measurement, Estimating
54) Wall posters are usually sold curled up in cylindrical cardboard tubes. If the length of the tube is 84.5 cm, and the diameter of the tube is 2.40 cm, what is the area of the poster, in cm2? (Assume the poster doesn't overlap itself.) A) 200 cm2 B) 400 cm2 C) 600 cm2 D) 2000 cm2 Answer: C Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 1.7
16
Chapter 2 Describing Motion: Kinematics in One Dimension
Conceptual Questions 1) Suppose that an object travels from one point in space to another. Make a comparison between the displacement and the distance traveled. A) The displacement is either greater than or equal to the distance traveled. B) The displacement is always equal to the distance traveled. C) The displacement is either less than or equal to the distance traveled. D) The displacement can be either greater than, smaller than, or equal to the distance traveled. Answer: C Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 2.1
2) When is the average velocity of an object equal to the instantaneous velocity? A) always B) never C) only when the velocity is constant D) only when the velocity is increasing at a constant rate Answer: C Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 2.2-2.3
3) A new car manufacturer advertises that their car can go "from zero to sixty in 8 s". This is a description of A) average speed. B) instantaneous speed. C) average acceleration. D) instantaneous acceleration. Answer: C Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 2.4
17
Chapter 2: Describing Motion: Kinematics in One Dimension
4) An object moving in the +x axis experiences an acceleration of 2.0 m/s2. This means the object is A) traveling at 2.0 m in every second. B) traveling at 2.0 m/s in every second. C) changing its velocity by 2.0 m/s. D) increasing its velocity by 2.0 m/s in every second. Answer: D Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 2.4
5) Suppose that a car traveling to the East (+x direction) begins to slow down as it approaches a traffic light. Make a statement concerning its acceleration. A) The car is decelerating, and its acceleration is positive. B) The car is decelerating, and its acceleration is negative. C) The acceleration is zero. D) A statement cannot be made using the information given. Answer: B Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 2.4
6) Suppose that a car traveling to the West (-x direction) begins to slow down as it approaches a traffic light. Make a statement concerning its acceleration. A) The car is decelerating, and its acceleration is positive. B) The car is decelerating, and its acceleration is negative. C) The acceleration is zero. D) A statement cannot be made using the information given. Answer: A Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 2.4
7) Suppose that an object is moving with a constant velocity. Make a statement concerning its acceleration. A) The acceleration must be constantly increasing. B) The acceleration must be constantly decreasing. C) The acceleration must be a constant non-zero value. D) The acceleration must be equal to zero. Answer: D Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 2.4
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Physics: Principles with Applications, Sixth Edition
FIGURE 7-1 36) A 1500-kg car traveling at 90.0 km/h east collides with a 3000-kg car traveling at 60.0 km/h south. The two cars stick together after the collision. (See Fig. 7-1.) What is the speed of the cars after collision? A) 8.33 m/s B) 13.9 m/s C) 17.4 m/s D) 21.7 m/s Answer: B Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 7.7
37) A 1500-kg car traveling at 90.0 km/h east collides with a 3000-kg car traveling at 60.0 km/h south. The two cars stick together after the collision. (See Fig. 7-1.) What is the direction of motion of the cars after collision? A) 36.9e S of E B) 36.9e E of S C) 53.1e S of E D) 53.1e E of S Answer: C Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 7.7
38) Two objects move on a level frictionless surface. Object A moves east with a momentum of 24 kgœm/s. Object B moves north with momentum 10 kgœm/s. They make a perfectly inelastic collision. What is the magnitude of their combined momentum after the collision? A) 14 kgœm/s B) 26 kgœm/s C) 34 kgœm/s D) cannot be determined without knowing masses and velocities Answer: B Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 7.7
145
Chapter 7: Linear Momentum
39) A small bomb, of mass 10 kg, is moving toward the North with a velocity of 4.0 m/s. It explodes into three fragments: a 5.0-kg fragment moving west with a speed of 8.0 m/s; a 4.0-kg fragment moving east with a speed of 10 m/s; and a third fragment with a mass of 1.0 kg. What is the velocity of the third fragment? (Neglect air friction.) A) zero B) 40 m/s north C) 40 m/s south D) none of the above Answer: B Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 7.7
40) A 4.00-kg mass sits at the origin, and a 10.0-kg mass sits at x = + 21.0 m. Where is the center of mass on the x-axis? A) +7.00 m B) +10.5 m C) +14.0 m D) +15.0 m Answer: D Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 7.8
41) The center of mass of a two-particle system is at the origin. One particle is located at (3.0 m, 0) and has a mass of 2.0 kg. What is the location of the second mass of 3.0 kg? A) (-3.0 m, 0) B) (-2.0 m, 0) C) (2.0 m, 0) D) (3.0 m, 0) Answer: B Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 7.8
42) Three masses are positioned as follows: 2.0 kg at (0, 0), 2.0 kg at (2.0, 0), and 4.0 kg at (2.0, 1.0). Determine the coordinates of the center of mass. A) (0.50, 1.5) B) (1.5, 0.50) C) (2.5, 1.5) D) (2.5, 0.50) Answer: B Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 7.8
146
Physics: Principles with Applications, Sixth Edition
43) Three masses, 1.0 kg, 2.0 kg, and 3.0 kg, are located at (0, 0), (1.0 m, 1.0 m), and (2.0 m, -2.0 m), respectively. What is the location of the center of mass of the system? A) (1.3 m, 0.67 m) B) (1.3 m, -0.67 m) C) (-1.3 m, 0.67 m) D) (-1.3 m, -0.67 m) Answer: B Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 7.8
44) A 3.0-kg mass is positioned at (0, 8.0), and a 1.0-kg mass is positioned at (12, 0). What are the coordinates of a 4.0-kg mass which will result in the center of mass of the system of three masses being located at the origin, (0, 0)? A) (-3.0, -6.0) B) (-12, -8.0) C) (3.0, 6.0) D) (-6.0, -3.0) Answer: A Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 7.8
45) Use Table 7-1 to calculate the position of the CM of a whole leg including the foot when the leg is stretched straight out. Assume the person is 1.60 m tall. A) 0.20 m above the bottom of the foot B) 0.32 m above the bottom of the foot C) 0.51 m above the bottom of the foot D) 0.54 m above the bottom of the foot Answer: C Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 7.9
147
Chapter 8 Rotational Motion
Conceptual Questions 1) Angular displacement is usually express in units of A) meters. B) radians. C) revolutions. D) arcs. Answer: B Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 8.1
2) Angular velocity is expressed in units of A) meters per second. B) radians per second. C) omegas per second. D) arcs per second. Answer: B Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 8.1
3) Angular acceleration is expressed in units of A) meters per second squared. B) radians per second squared. C) alphas per second squared. D) arcs per second squared. Answer: B Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 8.1
4) A boy and a girl are riding on a merry-go-round which is turning at a constant rate. The boy is near the outer edge, and the girl is closer to the center. Who has the greater angular displacement? A) the boy B) the girl C) Both have the same non-zero angular displacement. D) Both have zero angular displacement. Answer: C Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 8.1
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5) A boy and a girl are riding on a merry-go-round which is turning at a constant rate. The boy is near the outer edge, and the girl is closer to the center. Who has the greater angular speed? A) the boy B) the girl C) Both have the same non-zero angular velocity. D) Both have zero angular velocity. Answer: C Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 8.1
6) A boy and a girl are riding on a merry-go-round which is turning at a constant rate. The boy is near the outer edge, and the girl is closer to the center. Who has the greater linear speed? A) the boy B) the girl C) Both have the same non-zero translational velocity. D) Both have zero translational velocity. Answer: A Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 8.1
7) A boy and a girl are riding a merry-go-round which is turning at a constant rate. The boy is near the outer edge, while the girl is closer to the center. Who has the greater centripetal acceleration? A) the boy B) the girl C) Both have the same non-zero centripetal acceleration. D) Both have zero centripetal acceleration. Answer: A Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 8.1
8) A boy and a girl are riding a merry-go-round which is turning at a constant rate. The boy is near the outer edge, while the girl is closer to the center. Who has the greater tangential acceleration? A) the boy B) the girl C) Both have the same non-zero tangential acceleration. D) Both have zero tangential acceleration. Answer: D Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 8.1
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Chapter 8: Rotational Motion
9) Consider a rigid body that is rotating. Which of the following is an accurate statement? A) Its center of rotation is its center of gravity. B) All points on the body are moving with the same angular velocity. C) All points on the body are moving with the same linear velocity. D) Its center of rotation is at rest, i.e., not moving. Answer: B Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 8.1
10) Rolling without slipping depends on A) kinetic friction between the rolling object and the ground. B) static friction between the rolling object and the ground. C) tension between the rolling object and the ground. D) the force of gravity between the rolling object and the Earth. Answer: B Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 8.2-8.3
11) Two equal forces are applied to a door. The first force is applied at the midpoint of the door; the second force is applied at the doorknob. Both forces are applied perpendicular to the door. Which force exerts the greater torque? A) the first at the midpoint B) the second at the doorknob C) both exert equal non-zero torques D) both exert zero torques Answer: B Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 8.4
12) Two equal forces are applied to a door at the doorknob. The first force is applied perpendicular to the door; the second force is applied at 30e to the plane of the door. Which force exerts the greater torque? A) the first applied perpendicular to the door B) the second applied at an angle C) both exert equal non-zero torques D) both exert zero torques Answer: A Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 8.4
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Physics: Principles with Applications, Sixth Edition
13) Two forces are applied to a doorknob, perpendicular to the door. The first force is twice as large as the second force. The ratio of the torque of the first to the torque of the second is A) 1/4. B) 1/2. C) 2. D) 4. Answer: C Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 8.4
14) What is the quantity used to measure an object's resistance to changes in rotation? A) mass B) moment of inertia C) torque D) angular velocity Answer: B Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 8.5-8.6
15) Consider two uniform solid spheres where both have the same diameter, but one has twice the mass of the other. The ratio of the larger moment of inertia to that of the smaller moment of inertia is A) 2. B) 8. C) 10. D) 4. E) 6. Answer: A Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 8.5-8.6
16) Two uniform solid spheres have the same mass, but one has twice the radius of the other. The ratio of the larger sphere's moment of inertia to that of the smaller sphere is A) 4/5. B) 8/5. C) 2. D) 4. Answer: D Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 8.5-8.6
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Chapter 8: Rotational Motion
17) Consider two uniform solid spheres where one has twice the mass and twice the diameter of the other. The ratio of the larger moment of inertia to that of the smaller moment of inertia is A) 2. B) 8. C) 4. D) 10. E) 6. Answer: B Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 8.5-8.6
18) A uniform solid sphere has mass M and radius R. If these are increased to 2M and 3R, what happens to the sphere's moment of inertia about a central axis? A) increases by a factor of 6 B) increases by a factor of 12 C) increases by a factor of 18 D) increases by a factor of 54 Answer: C Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 8.5-8.6
19) If a constant net torque is applied to an object, that object will A) rotate with constant angular velocity. B) rotate with constant angular acceleration. C) having an increasing moment of inertia. D) having a decreasing moment of inertia. Answer: B Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 8.5-8.6
20) The moment of inertia of a solid cylinder about its axis is given by 0.5 MR2. If this cylinder rolls without slipping, the ratio of its rotational kinetic energy to its translational kinetic energy is A) 1:1. B) 1:2. C) 2:1. D) 1:3. Answer: B Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 8.7
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21) Consider a motorcycle of mass 150 kg, one wheel of which has a mass of 10 kg and a radius of 30 cm. What is the ratio of the rotational kinetic energy of the wheels to the total translational kinetic energy of the bike? Assume the wheels are uniform disks. A) 0.033:1 B) 0.067:1 C) 0.33:1 D) 0.67:1 Answer: B Diff: 3
Page Ref: Sec. 8.7
22) Suppose a solid sphere of mass M and radius R rolls without slipping down an inclined plane starting from rest. The linear velocity of the sphere at the bottom of the incline depends on A) the mass of the sphere. B) the radius of the sphere. C) both the mass and the radius of the sphere. D) neither the mass nor the radius of the sphere. Answer: D Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 8.7
23) Suppose a solid sphere of mass M and radius R rolls without slipping down an inclined plane starting from rest. The angular velocity of the sphere at the bottom of the incline depends on A) the mass of the sphere. B) the radius of the sphere. C) both the mass and the radius of the sphere. D) neither the mass nor the radius of the sphere. Answer: B Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 8.7
24) "The total angular momentum of a system of particles changes when a net external force acts on the system." This statement is A) always true. B) never true. C) sometimes true. It depends on the force's magnitude. D) sometimes true. It depends on the force's point of application. Answer: D Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 8.8
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Chapter 8: Rotational Motion
25) In what circumstances can the angular velocity of system of particles change without any change in the system's angular momentum? A) This cannot happen under any circumstances. B) This can happen if a net external force acts on the system's center of mass. C) This can happen if the only forces acting are internal to the system. D) This can happen if an external net torque is applied properly to the system. Answer: C Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 8.8
26) The Earth orbits the Sun in an elliptical orbit. Ignore any friction which may be present. What happens over time to the Earth's angular momentum about the Sun? A) It continually increases. B) It continually decreases. C) It remains constant. D) It increases during some parts of the orbit, and decreases during others. Answer: C Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 8.8
27) The Earth moves about the Sun in an elliptical orbit. As the Earth moves close to the Sun, then which of the following best describes the orbiting speed of the Earth about the Sun? A) increases B) decreases C) remains constant D) none of the above Answer: A Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 8.8
28) An ice skater performs a pirouette (a fast spin) by pulling in his outstretched arms close to his body. What happens to his angular momentum about the axis of rotation? A) It does not change. B) It increases. C) It decreases. D) It changes, but it is impossible to tell which way. Answer: A Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 8.8
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29) An ice skater performs a pirouette (a fast spin) by pulling in his outstretched arms close to his body. What happens to his rotational kinetic energy about the axis of rotation? A) It does not change. B) It increases. C) It decreases. D) It changes, but it is impossible to tell which way. Answer: B Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 8.8
30) An ice skater performs a pirouette (a fast spin) by pulling in his outstretched arms close to his body. What happens to his moment of inertia about the axis of rotation? A) It does not change. B) It increases. C) It decreases. D) It changes, but it is impossible to tell which way. Answer: C Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 8.8
31) State the law of conservation of angular momentum. Answer: The total angular momentum of a rotating object remains constant if the net torque acting on it is zero. Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 8.8
Quantitative Problems 1) What arc length does the Earth travel in a three month period in its nearly circular orbit about the Sun with a radius of 1.5 ˛ 1011 m? A) 1.2 ˛ 1011 m B) 1.8 ˛ 1011 m C) 2.4 ˛ 1011 m D) 3.0 ˛ 1011 m Answer: C Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 8.1
2) The second hand of a clock has a length of 0.30 m. What distance does the tip of the second hand sweep through in 3 minutes and 45 seconds? A) 1.1 m B) 1.8 m C) 7.1 m D) 13 m Answer: C Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 8.1
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Chapter 8: Rotational Motion
3) How many rad/s is 25 revolutions per minute equivalent to? A) 0.42 rad/s B) 2.6 rad/s C) 160 rad/s D) 240 rad/s Answer: B Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 8.1
4) A bicycle wheel rotates uniformly through 2.0 revolutions in 4.0 s. What is the frequency of the wheel's rotation? A) 0.50 Hz B) 1.0 Hz C) 2.0 Hz D) 4.0 Hz Answer: A Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 8.1
5) A pulsar (a rotating neutron star) emits pulses at a frequency of 0.40 kHz. The period of its rotation is A) 2.5 ms. B) 2.5 s. C) 0.025 s. D) 25 ms. Answer: A Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 8.1
6) A phonograph record rotates at 45 rpm. Through what angle does it turn in 0.20 s? A) 9.0e B) 15e C) 54e D) 96e Answer: C Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 8.1
7) A wheel of diameter 26 cm turns at 1500 rpm. How far will a point on the outer rim move in 2.0 s? A) 3.1 m B) 41 m C) 90 m D) 180 m Answer: B Diff: 2
Page Ref: Sec. 8.1
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