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Chapter 1 Overview and Basic Concepts MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called? A) transverse

B) sagittal

C) median

D) frontal

Answer: D Explanation: A ) B) C) D) 2) One of the functional characteristics of life is irritability. This refers to A) the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger B) sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them C) the necessity for all organisms to reproduce D) indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system

Answer: B Explanation:

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. 2)

A ) B) C) D) 3) Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane? A) two cuts dividing the body into left and right halves B) a transverse cut just above the knees C) any sagittal plane except the median D) any cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior

Answer: C Explanation: A ) B) C) D) 4) Which one of the following systems responds to environmental stimuli? A) nervous B) lymphatic C) immune D) muscular

Answer: A Explanation: A )

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B) C) D) 5) The cavities housing the eyes are called A) cranial B) nasal

_ cavities. C) orbital

Answer: C Explanation: A ) B) C) D)

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5) D) frontal

6) If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, then the wall

thermostat would be the _. A) control center B) effector Answer: A Explanation: A ) B) C) D)

C) receptor

7) The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following? A) intestines B) liver C) lungs

D) variable

7) D) brain

Answer: D Explanation: A ) B) C) D) 8) Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched. A) Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region. B) Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye. C) Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth. D) Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye.

Answer: A Explanation: A ) B) C) D) 9) The term pollex refers to the . A) calf B) thumb

9) C) fingers

D) great toe

Answer: B Explanation: A ) B) C) D) 10) The study of the heart may incorporate many aspects of anatomy but as a whole you

would say it is anatomy. developmental A)

B) microscopic

C) systemic 5

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D) gross

A n s w e

10)

r: D Explanation: A ) B) C) D)

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11) What is the posterior side of the patella called? A) popliteal B) crural C) antecubital

11) D) sural

Answer: A Explanation: A ) B) C) D) 12) Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity? A) cranial cavity B) spinal cord

12) C) thoracic cavity

D) vertebral cavity

Answer: C Explanation: A ) B) C) D) 13) An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon

13)

dioxide in the bloodstream would be best described as an example of _ . A) metabolism B) responsiveness C) maintaining boundaries D) excretion of metabolic waste Answer: D Explanation: A ) B) C) D)

14) The anatomical position is used . A) only when a body is lying down B) rarely, because people don't usually assume this position C) as a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual

14)

position of the body D) as the most comfortable way to stand when dissecting a specimen Answer: C Explanation: A ) B) C) D) 15) Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region? A) stomach B) appendix C) liver D) intestines 7

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15)

Answer: D Explanation: A ) B) C) D)

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16) An oblique cut is one that is cut . A) vertical right and left B) perpendicular to vertical and horizontal C) horizontal right and left D) diagonally between the vertical and horizontal

16)

Answer: D Explanation: A ) B) C) D) 17) What is the specific name for the hip region? A) coxal B) manus

17) C) pedal

D) inguinal

Answer: A Explanation: A ) B) C) D) 18) Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels? A) systemic anatomy B) cardiovascular physiology

C) systemic physiology Answer: D Explanation: A ) B) C) D)

18)

D) cardiovascular anatomy

19) Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes. 19) A) Serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a

potential space between the two. B) Visceral pericardium covers the surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium

lines the walls of the heart. C) Serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid. D) Serosa are very thin, double- layeredstructures. Answer: B Explanation: A ) B) C) D) 8 20) The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to

0 9

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% of body weight, is _ A) protein Answer: C Explanation: A ) B) C) D)

. B) oxygen

20) C) water

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D) hydrogen

21) What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback? A) to regulate excretion B) to maintain homeostasis

C) to control all bodysystem tissues Answer: B Explanation: A ) B) C) D)

21)

D) to keep the body's sugar high

22) Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains . A) a relatively stable internal environment, within limits B) a dynamic state within an unlimited range C) the lowest possible energy usage D) a static state with no deviation from preset points

22)

Answer: A Explanation: A ) B) C) D) 23) Which body cavity protects the nervous system? A) dorsal B) cranial C) thoracic

23) D) vertebral

Answer: A Explanation: A ) B) C) D) 24)

cavities are spaceswithin joints. B) Oral Answer: C Explanation: A ) B) C) D)

24)

A) Orbital

C) Synovial

D) Nasal

25) Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain? 25) A) DSA B) MRI C) X ray D) PET

Answer: B Explanation: A ) B) 11

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C) D) 26) A structure that is composed of two or more tissues would be a(n) A) organ system B) complex tissue C) organ

Answer: C Explanation: A ) B) C) D)

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. 26) D) complex cell

27) Average body temperature is _

degrees centigrade. 27) A) 68 B) 47 D) 98

37 Answer: C Explanation:

A ) B) C) D) 28) The parietal pleural would represent a serous membrane . A) covering individual lungs B) covering the heart

C) lining the thoracic cavity Answer: C Explanation: A ) B) C) D)

28)

D) lining the abdominal cavity

29) A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be _ A) regulating glucose levels in the blood B) enhancement of labor contractions

C) body temperature regulation Answer: B Explanation: A ) B) C) D)

D) blood calcium level regulation

30) Place the following in correct sequencefrom simplest to most complex:

molecules atoms tissues cells organ A) 2- 1- 3- 4- 5 Answer: C Explanation: A ) B) C) D)

. 29)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

B) 1- 2- 4- 3- 5

C) 2- 1- 4- 3- 5

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D) 1- 2- 3- 4- 5

30)

31) Select the most correct statement. A) Organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life. B) The endocrine system is not a true structural organ system. C) The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system. D) Organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both.

Answer: C Explanation: A ) B) C) D)

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31)

32) Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance? 32) A) Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed. B) Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally. C) It is considered the cause of most diseases. D) The internal environment is becoming more stable.

Answer: C Explanation: A ) B) C) D) 33) What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called? A) regional B) transverse C) sagittal D) frontal

33)

Answer: C Explanation: A ) B) C) D) 34) The heart lies in the _ A) pericardial

cavity.

34) B) superior mediastinal D) dorsal

C) pleural Answer: A Explanation: A ) B) C) D)

35) Which of the following would not be a functional characteristic of life? A) maintenance of boundaries B) responsiveness to external stimuli

C) decay Answer: C Explanation:

35)

D) movement

A ) B) C) D) 36) Histology would be best defined as a study of A) cells

C) the gross structuresof the body Answer: D Explanation: A

. B) cell chemistry D) tissues

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36)

) B) C) D)

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37) Which of the following are survival needs of the body? A) nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction B) nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen C) nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction D) water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement

37)

Answer: B Explanation: A ) B) C) D) 38) The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except A) palms turned posteriorly B) body erect

C) thumbs pointed laterally Answer: A Explanation: A ) B) C) D)

. 38)

D) arms at sides

39) Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms? 39) A) Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body. B) Positive feedback mechanisms always result in excessive damage to the host. C) Blood glucose levels are regulated by positive feedback mechanisms. D) Negative feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus.

Answer: A Explanation: A ) B) C) D) 40) In which cavities are the lungs located? A) mediastinum, thoracic, and ventral

40) B) pleural, ventral, and thoracic D) pericardial, ventral, and thoracic

C) pleural, dorsal, and abdominal Answer: B Explanation: A ) B) C) D)

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Ans wer Key Testn ame: C1

1) D 2) B 3) C 4) A 5) C 6) A 7) D 8) A 9) B 10) D 11) A 12) C 13) D 14) C 15) D 16) D 17) A 18) D 19) B 20) C 21) B 22) A 23) A 24) C 25) B 26) C 27) C 28) C 29) B 30) C 31) C 32) C 33) C 34) A 35) C 36) D 37) B 38) A 39) A 40) B

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Chapter 2 Back Multiple Choice Questions 1. There are enter and leave. A. two B. three C. four D. five E. six

enlargements of the spinal cord where nerves supplying theextremities

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember HAPS Objective: H10.01 Describe the gross anatomy of the spinal cord and spinal nerves and specify their location relative to the anatomy of the skeletal system. HAPS Objective: H10.02 Identify the anatomical features seen in a cross sectional view of the spinal cord. Learning Outcome: 12.01A. Describe the general structure of the spinal cord. Section: 12.01 Type: Study Guide

2. The spinal cord A. controls the reticular activating system. B. stores reflexive memory. C. forms memory engrams. D. links the peripheral nervous system to the brain. E. is characterized by conscious activity.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember HAPS Objective: H03.01 List the parts of the nervous system that constitute the central nervous system (CNS) and those that constitute the peripheral nervous system (PNS). HAPS Objective: H10.01 Describe the gross anatomy of the spinal cord and spinal nerves and specify their location relative to the anatomy of the skeletal system. Learning Outcome: 12.01A. Describe the general structure of the spinal cord. Section: 12.01 Type: Study Guide

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3. The spinal cord begins at the A. cerebellum. B. medulla oblongata. C. foramen magnum. D. conus medullaris E. 1st cervical vertebrae. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember HAPS Objective: H10.01 Describe the gross anatomy of the spinal cord and spinal nerves and specify their location relative to the anatomy of the skeletal system. Learning Outcome: 12.01A. Describe the general structure of the spinal cord. Section: 12.01 Type: Study Guide 4. The conus medullaris A. anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx. B. is a tapered, cone like region immediately inferior to the lumbar enlargement. C. marks the exit of nerves to the upper extremity. D. is located adjacent to the foramen magnum. E. is inferior to the cauda equina.

5. The spinal cord ends at the A. sacrum. B. coccyx. C. 5th lumbar vertebrae. D. 2nd lumbar vertebrae. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember HAPS Objective: H08.02 Identify the meninges and describe their functional relationship to the brain and cranial bones. HAPS Objective: H10.01 Describe the gross anatomy of the spinal cord and spinal nerves and specify their location relative to the anatomy of the skeletal system. Learning Outcome: 12.01A. Describe the gene1ra8 l structure of the spinal cord. Section: 12.01 Type: Study Guide SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

6. The thickest of the meninges is the A. pia mater. B. arachnoid mater. C. subdural space. D. subarachnoid space. E. dura mater. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember HAPS Objective: H08.02 Identify the meninges and describe their functional relationship to the brain and cranial bones. HAPS Objective: H08.03 Describe the functions of cerebrospinal fluid, as well as the details of its production, its circulation within the central nervous system, and its ultimate reabsorption into the bloodstream. HAPS Objective: H08.04 Describe the structural basis for, and the importance of the blood brain barrier. HAPS Objective: H10.01 Describe the gross anatomy of the spinal cord and spinal nerves and specify their location relative to the anatomy of the skeletal system. HAPS Objective: H10.02 Identify the anatomical features seen in a cross sectional view of the spinal cord. Learning Outcome: 12.01B. Name the meninges (sing. meninx) and their related spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Section: 12.01 Type: Study Guide

7. The sac surrounding the spinal cord is the A. dural sac. B. meningeal sac. C. thecal sac. D. epidural sac. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember HAPS Objective: H08.02 Identify the meninges and describe their functional relationship to the brain and cranial bones. HAPS Objective: H08.03 Describe the functions of cerebrospinal fluid, as well as the details of its production, its circulation within the central nervous system, and its ultimate reabsorption into the bloodstream. HAPS Objective: H08.04 Describe the structural basis for, and the importance of the blood brain barrier. HAPS Objective: H10.01 Describe the gross anatomy of the spinal cord and spinal nerves and specify their location relative to the anatomy of the skeletal system. HAPS Objective: H10.02 Identify the anatomical features seen in a cross sectional view of the spinal cord. Learning Outcome: 12.01B. Name the meninges (sing. meninx) and their related spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Section: 12.01 Type: Study Guide

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8. The middle, thin, spider-like meninx is the A. dura mater. B. pia mater. C. ectomater. D. arachnoid mater. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember HAPS Objective: H08.02 Identify the meninges and describe their functional relationship to the brain and cranial bones. HAPS Objective: H08.03 Describe the functions of cerebrospinal fluid, as well as the details of its production, its circulation within the central nervous system, and its ultimate reabsorption into the bloodstream. HAPS Objective: H08.04 Describe the structural basis for, and the importance of the blood brain barrier. HAPS Objective: H10.01 Describe the gross anatomy of the spinal cord and spinal nerves and specify their location relative to the anatomy of the skeletal system. HAPS Objective: H10.02 Identify the anatomical features seen in a cross sectional view of the spinal cord. Learning Outcome: 12.01B. Name the meninges (sing. meninx) and their related spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Section: 12.01 Type: Study Guide

9. What space, found between the vertebral wall and the dura mater, is the area for injecting anesthesia for childbirth? A. subarachnoid space B. subdural space C. epidural space D. epipial space Bloom's Level: 1. Remember HAPS Objective: H08.02 Identify the meninges and describe their functional relationship to the brain and cranial bones. HAPS Objective: H08.03 Describe the functions of cerebrospinal fluid, as well as the details of its production, its circulation within the central nervous system, and its ultimate reabsorption into the bloodstream. HAPS Objective: H08.04 Describe the structural basis for, and the importance of the blood brain barrier. HAPS Objective: H09.04 Describe the location of the cranial nerve nuclei and the ganglia associated with the cranial nerves. HAPS Objective: H10.01 Describe the gross anatomy of the spinal cord and spinal nerves and specify their location relative to the anatomy of the skeletal system. Learning Outcome: 12.01B. Name the meninges (sing. meninx) and their related spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Section: 12.01 Type: Study Guide

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10. During a spinal tap, cerebrospinal fluid is obtained from which of the following locations? A. dural sinus B. epidural space C. subarachnoid space D. subdural space E. sagittal sinus Bloom's Level: 1. Remember HAPS Objective: H08.02 Identify the meninges and describe their functional relationship to the brain and cranial bones. HAPS Objective: H08.03 Describe the functions of cerebrospinal fluid, as well as the details of its production, its circulation within the central nervous system, and its ultimate reabsorption into the bloodstream. HAPS Objective: H08.04 Describe the structural basis for, and the importance of the blood brain barrier. HAPS Objective: H10.01 Describe the gross anatomy of the spinal cord and spinal nerves and specify their location relative to the anatomy of the skeletal system. HAPS Objective: H10.02 Identify the anatomical features seen in a cross sectional view of the spinal cord. Learning Outcome: 12.01B. Name the meninges (sing. meninx) and their related spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Section: 12.01 Type: Study Guide

11. What structure anchors the thecal sac and conus medullaris to the coccyx? A. filum terminale B. denticulate ligaments C. pia mater D. cauda equina Bloom's Level: 1. Remember HAPS Objective: H08.02 Identify the meninges and describe their functional relationship to the brain and cranial bones. HAPS Objective: H08.03 Describe the functions of cerebrospinal fluid, as well as the details of its production, its circulation within the central nervous system, and its ultimate reabsorption into the bloodstream. HAPS Objective: H08.04 Describe the structural basis for, and the importance of the blood brain barrier. HAPS Objective: H10.01 Describe the gross anatomy of the spinal cord and spinal nerves and specify their location relative to the anatomy of the skeletal system. HAPS Objective: H10.02 Identify the anatomical features seen in a cross sectional view of the spinal cord. Learning Outcome: 12.01B. Name the meninges (sing. meninx) and their related spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Section: 12.01 Type: Study Guide

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