Test Bank for Human Anatomy, 9th Edition, by Elaine N. Marieb, Patricia M. Brady Jon B. Mallatt, by welldoneassistant

Human Anatomy, 9e Marieb Test Bank Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Orientation 1.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) The smallest living unit is A) a cell. B) an organ. C) a human being. D) a molecule. Answer: A Section: 1.1 Book LO: 1.3 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 2) Which branch of anatomy studies the structural changes that occur as one ages? A) developmental anatomy B) pathological anatomy C) regional anatomy D) surface anatomy Answer: A Section: 1.1 Book LO: 1.1 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 3) Morphology is A) a measuring technique B) the study of form C) an imaging technology D) the study of disease E) a type of microscopy Answer: B Section: 1.1 Book LO: 1.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

4) How many centimeters are there in a meter? A) 10 B) 100 C) 1,000 D) 1,000,000 Answer: B Section: 1.1 Book LO: 1.4 Global LO: G4 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 5) A histologist examines a specimen that has an epithelium overlying some smooth muscle. This specimen is part of A) a molecule. B) a cell. C) a tissue. D) an organ. Answer: D Section: 1.1 Book LO: 1.2 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 6) An example of a tissue in the body is A) the stomach. B) a muscle cell. C) epithelium. D) a macromolecule. Answer: C Section: 1.1 Book LO: 1.2 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 7) An example of an organ is A) a fat cell. B) the intestine. C) epithelium. D) the cardiovascular system (but not the circulatory system). Answer: B Section: 1.1 Book LO: 1.2 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

8) Which organ system consists of vessels that do not carry blood, but pick up fluids (and some cells) that are leaked from the blood? A) urinary B) endocrine C) integumentary D) lymphatic Answer: D Section: 1.1 Book LO: 1.3 Global LO: G7 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 9) Large molecules such as proteins are called A) cells. B) macromolecules. C) multi-atom units. D) cellular organelles. Answer: B Section: 1.1 Book LO: 1.5 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 10) Which organ system covers the external surface of the body, but not the internal surface of the mouth? A) lymphatic B) digestive C) integumentary D) cutaneous Answer: C Section: 1.1 Book LO: 1.3 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 11) Which organ system includes the spinal cord? A) skeletal B) muscular C) nervous D) integumentary Answer: C Section: 1.1 Book LO: 1.3 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

12) The elimination of nitrogenous wastes from body fluids is regulated by the ________ system. A) urinary B) endocrine C) integumentary D) lymphatic Answer: A Section: 1.1 Book LO: 1.3 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 13) The dimensions of cells and organelles would best be described using which units of measurement? A) mg B) cm C) µm D) m E) ml Answer: C Section: 1.1 Book LO: 1.4 Global LO: G4 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 14) Which organ system includes the pancreas, thymus, testes, and pituitary gland? A) integumentary B) endocrine C) reproductive D) lymphatic Answer: B Section: 1.1 Book LO: 1.3 Global LO: G7 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 15) The roots of anatomical terminology lie mainly in A) German and French. B) Latin and Greek. C) Esperanto. D) Russian and Old English. Answer: B Section: 1.1 Book LO: 1.5 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

16) Hormones are regulatory proteins that are secreted by the ________ system. A) urinary B) endocrine C) integumentary D) lymphatic Answer: B Section: 1.1 Book LO: 1.3 Global LO: G7 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 17) Which organ system keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen, removes carbon dioxide, and contains many air tubes? A) urinary B) endocrine C) circulatory D) respiratory Answer: D Section: 1.1 Book LO: 1.3 Global LO: G7 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 18) The ________ cavity contains the heart and lungs. A) abdominopelvic B) dorsal C) thoracic D) lateral Answer: C Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.9 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 19) A coronal section through the human body can A) pass through both the nose and the occipital region. B) pass through both ears. C) provide mirror right and left images. D) lie in a horizontal plane. Answer: B Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. 20) Which letter indicates the mental region? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: A Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

21) Which letter indicates the umbilical region? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: B Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 22) Which letter indicates the hallux? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: E Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 23) Which letter indicates the inguinal region? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: C Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 24) Which letter indicates the femoral region? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: D Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 7 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

25) Which structures are evidence of the vertebrate characteristic of segmentation? A) branches of the blood vessels B) multiple joints of fingers C) subdivisions of the gastrointestinal tract D) vertebral column Answer: D Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.8 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 26) Which statement about visceral serosa is false? A) It clings to the surface of organs. B) It is continuous with the membrane that covers the outer body wall. C) It is deep to the parietal serosa. D) It lines the internal surface of hollow organs. Answer: D Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.9 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 27) The buccal region is the A) cheeks. B) waist. C) calf of the leg. D) underside of the foot. Answer: A Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 28) The popliteal region is A) the side of the leg. B) in the cervical region. C) the posterior surface of the knee. D) the inferior part of the gluteal region. Answer: C Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

29) The coxal region is A) the same as the inguinal region. B) the skin over the "tailbone." C) the hip. D) the posterior surface of the wrist. Answer: C Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 30) Which structure is located entirely within the right upper quadrant? A) appendix B) gallbladder C) spleen D) stomach Answer: B Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.10 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 31) Which organ is not found in the ventral body cavity? A) heart B) liver C) spinal cord D) urinary bladder Answer: C Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.9 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 32) The ankle lies ________ to the thigh. A) distal B) proximal C) lateral D) inferior Answer: A Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

33) The axillary artery is found in the region of the A) posterior surface of the knee. B) vertebral column. C) armpit. D) long axis of any limb. Answer: C Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 34) The extremities are the same as A) the ears. B) the fingers and toes. C) the limbs. D) all structures in the head. Answer: C Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 35) Which of the following pairs of organs/structures is located ipsilateral? A) cecum : sigmoid colon B) descending colon : spleen C) mouth : navel D) right lung : left lung Answer: B Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.10 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 36) A physician viewing an injury to the back would look at the patient's ________ side. A) lateral B) posterior C) cranial D) ventral Answer: B Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

37) The ________ body cavity contains the brain. A) dorsal B) ventral C) serous D) lateral Answer: A Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.9 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 38) As an anatomical region, lumbar refers to A) the infero-medial aspect of the back. B) part of the lower limb. C) the wrist. D) the breast. Answer: A Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. 39) Which letter indicates the lumbar region? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: D Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

40) Which letter indicates the acromial region? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: B Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 41) Which letter indicates the scapular region? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: C Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 42) Which letter indicates the popliteal region? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: E Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 43) Which letter indicates the occipital region? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: A Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 13 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

44) The chest is ________ to the abdomen. A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep Answer: A Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 45) The sternal region is ________ to the scapular region. A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep Answer: C Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 46) Which of these terms refers to the head? A) cranial B) caudal C) medial D) frontal E) sacral Answer: A Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

47) The brain is ________ to the skull. A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep Answer: E Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 48) The thumb is ________ to the index finger. A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep Answer: B Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 49) Muscles are ________ to the skin. A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep Answer: E Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 50) The axillary region is ________ to the sternum. A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep Answer: B Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 15 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

51) The lip is ________ to the chin. A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep Answer: A Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 52) The eye is ________ to the occipital region. A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep Answer: C Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 53) The gluteal region is ________ to the popliteal region. A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep Answer: A Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing

54) The femoral region is ________ to the plantar region. A) superficial B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep Answer: D Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 55) The heart is ________ to the sternum. A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep Answer: E Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 56) The pubic area is ________ to the gluteal region. A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep Answer: C Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 57) The perineal region is the A) side of the leg. B) region between the external genitals and the anus. C) point of the shoulder. D) superior part of the gluteal region. Answer: B Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 17 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

58) Which structure is not present in the mediastinum? A) esophagus B) heart C) lung D) trachea Answer: C Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.9 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 59) A frontal plane is the same as a ________ plane. A) midsagittal B) transverse C) coronal D) sagittal Answer: C Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 60) Another name for the midsagittal plane is A) parasagittal. B) oblique. C) coronal. D) median. Answer: D Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 61) The umbilical region is ________ to the lumbar region. A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep Answer: C Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing

62) The cervical region is the A) thigh. B) calf. C) neck. D) head. Answer: C Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 63) What is the function of serous membranes? A) They act like wrapping paper to hold visceral organs together. B) They contain gland cells that secrete mucus. C) They halt the spread of infection. D) They reduce friction so that viscera move freely. Answer: D Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.9 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 64) The dorsal hollow nerve cord A) develops into the brain and spinal cord. B) is a primitive supporting rod. C) contains the notochord. D) is the same as the human backbone. Answer: A Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.8 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 65) Which statement concerning the anatomical position is false? A) The palms face anteriorly. B) The toes point anteriorly, but the fingers point inferiorly. C) The knees, elbow, and neck are straight (not bent). D) The person is lying down, as straight as possible. Answer: D Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

66) Bilateral symmetry can apply to objects as well as to animal bodies. Which of the following capital letters of the alphabet is not bilaterally symmetrical? A) A B) M C) L D) O Answer: C Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.8 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 67) Which structure is not covered by visceral serosa? A) lungs B) ribs C) stomach D) uterus Answer: B Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.9 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 68) The femoral region is the A) buttocks. B) hip. C) thigh. D) toes. Answer: C Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 69) The inguinal region lies A) anterior to the elbow joint. B) on the anterior neck. C) where the thigh joins the trunk. D) on the external genitals. Answer: C Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

70) What point or structure in the body is located farthest laterally? (Hint: Questions always refer to the body in the anatomical position.) A) the coxal region B) ear C) little toe D) tip of thumb Answer: D Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 71) Although transmission electron microscopy is usually used for high-magnification viewing, it is certainly possible to use it at low magnification as well. That is, one can produce similar micrographs of tissues taken by light microscopy and electron microscopy at the same magnification. Even at the same magnification, however, you can easily tell the two kinds of micrographs apart. How? A) The image in the electron micrograph is still sharper. B) Tissue viewed by electron microscopy is colored, whereas light micrographs are always black and white (and shades of gray). C) Tissue for light microscopy cannot be fixed (no fixation). D) Tissue for electron microscopy cannot be sectioned. Answer: A Section: 1.3 Book LO: 1.12 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 72) During the process of ________, noncellular artifacts can be introduced into histology samples. A) time B) observation C) staining D) photography Answer: C Section: 1.3 Book LO: 1.11 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

73) The main purpose of fixation is A) to preserve the tissue. B) to mend breaks in tissue sections. C) to make an organ easier to section. D) to stick tissue sections to a glass slide. Answer: A Section: 1.3 Book LO: 1.11 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 74) The "CT" in "CT scanning" stands for A) cut transversely. B) Charles Thorgaard, the inventor's name. C) correlated thickness. D) computed tomography. Answer: D Section: 1.4 Book LO: 1.13 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 75) What is the main advantage of MRI as a medical imaging technique? A) It is safe. B) The patient feels less pain during the procedure than with any other imaging technique. C) It is very inexpensive. D) It shows soft tissues very clearly. Answer: D Section: 1.4 Book LO: 1.13 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

1.2 True/False Questions 1) Pathological anatomy deals with structural changes caused by disease. Answer: TRUE Section: 1.1 Book LO: 1.1 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 2) Most adults are between 1.5 and 2 meters tall. Answer: TRUE Section: 1.1 Book LO: 1.4 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 3) All vertebrate embryos have a dorsal hollow nerve cord. Answer: TRUE Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.8 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 4) Serous cavities include the pleural cavity. Answer: TRUE Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.9 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 5) Serous cavities contain air. Answer: FALSE Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.9 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 6) A transverse plane could cut the head off the body! Answer: TRUE Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

7) In anatomical position, the palms of the hands face medially toward the thighs. Answer: FALSE Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 8) The mediastinum contains the trachea and lungs. Answer: FALSE Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.9 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 9) The peritoneal cavity is a serous cavity. Answer: TRUE Section: 1.2 Book LO: 1.9 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 10) EM has much greater resolution than LM. Answer: TRUE Section: 1.3 Book LO: 1.12 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 11) A CT scan produces an image of a transverse section of the body. Answer: TRUE Section: 1.4 Book LO: 1.13 Global LO: G7 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 12) MRI techniques can show only images that are hard and deflect the X-rays. Answer: FALSE Section: 1.4 Book LO: 1.13 Global LO: G7 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

13) Ultrasound techniques are used to image a fetus because they are less damaging than other techniques. Answer: TRUE Section: 1.4 Book LO: 1.13 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 14) Angiography imaging is used primarily in the study of blood supply to the heart wall and brain. Answer: TRUE Section: 1.4 Book LO: 1.13 Global LO: G7 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 15) A CT scan is used to detect regions of high metabolic activity. Answer: FALSE Section: 1.4 Book LO: 1.13 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 1.3 Short Answer Questions 1) Describe the terms proximal and distal. Answer: Proximal means closer to the point of attachment to the main part of the body; distal is farther from the point of attachment. 2) Describe the location of the femoral region in relation to the crural region. Answer: The femoral region is proximal to the crural region. 3) Describe the location of the brachial region in relation to the pollex. Answer: The brachial region is proximal to the pollex. 4) In humans, what term is synonymous with posterior? Answer: dorsal 5) Clinicians refer to ________ anatomy when locating blood vessels to draw blood, feeling pulses, and avoiding nerves while giving injections. Answer: surface 6) In humans, the region between the anus and the external genitals is the ________ region. Answer: perineal 7) The olecranal region is posterior to what region? Answer: antecubital 25 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

8) The head, neck, and trunk comprise the ________ region. Answer: axial 9) What is the anatomical term for the thumb? Answer: pollex 10) One could say that the forearm is ________ to the brachial region. Answer: distal 11) Cutting the body along the median plane produces a(n) ________ section Answer: midsagittal 12) One could describe the scalp as being ________ to the skull. Answer: superficial 13) A(n) ________ plane separates the body into equal left and right halves. Answer: midsagittal (or median) 14) Which type of imaging technology uses radioactive isotopes to detect regions of high metabolic activity? Answer: PET scan 15) The ________ system is involved in immunity. Answer: lymphatic 1.4 Essay Questions 1) Identify each of the systems that are found in the arm. Answer: The arm contains elements of the skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular, muscular, lymphatic, and integumentary systems. 2) Which of the organ systems found in the arm are not found in the leg? Answer: None 3) List the six unique features found in all vertebrates at some stage of their life. Answer: Tube-within-a-tube body plan, bilateral symmetry, dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord and vertebrae, segmentation, and pharyngeal pouches. 4) In adult humans, what remnants of segmentation remain? Answer: The ribs and the vertebrae, with their segmental spinal nerves, are remnants of segmentation.

5) Select from the following techniques the best method for assessing brain function in a stroke patient: X-ray imaging, sonography, MRI. Explain why the other choices are not the best choice. Answer: MRI is the best method of assessing brain function. X-rays do not image soft tissues well or with high resolution. They also produce only two-dimensional images of a structure. Sonography cannot be used to study the brain because sound waves cannot pass through the skull.

Human Anatomy, 9e, Marieb Test Bank Chapter 2 Cells: The Living Units 2.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) Each cell performs all of the function necessary to sustain life. Those functions include all of the following except A) obtaining nutrients from the surrounding body fluids. B) dispose of wastes. C) replicate itself. D) use nutrients to make the molecules it needs. E) phagocytosing other cells. Answer: E Section: 2.1 Book LO: 2.1 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. 2) Which letter indicates the rough endoplasmic reticulum? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: C Section: 2.1 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

3) Which letter indicates the nucleolus? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: A Section: 2.1 Book LO: 2.6 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 4) Which letter indicates the plasma membrane? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: B Section: 2.1 Book LO: 2.2 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 5) Which letter indicates the mitochondrion? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: E Section: 2.1 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 6) Which letter indicates the Golgi apparatus? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: D Section: 2.1 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 3 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

7) Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane? A) protect the internal aspect of the cell from substances outside the cell. B) breaking down and digesting unwanted substances within the cell. C) binding specific molecules arriving from outside of the cell. D) selectively controlling the substances that enter or leave the cell. E) moving specific substances from outside the cell to inside the cell. Answer: B Section: 2.2 Book LO: 2.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 8) The plasma membrane is A) a single-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell. B) a single-layered membrane enclosing the plasma. C) the membrane surrounding the cell. D) a membrane composed of tiny shelves or cristae. E) a double-layered membrane surrounding the mitochondria of the cell. Answer: C Section: 2.2 Book LO: 2.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 9) The plasma membrane is important for all the following reasons except A) it determines what substances enter and exit the cell. B) it separates the extracellular fluid from the intracellular fluid. C) it acts as a site for cell-to-cell interaction and recognition. D) it is an important site for DNA transcription. Answer: D Section: 2.2 Book LO: 2.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 10) The plasma membrane is composed of all of the following except A) glycoproteins. B) tubulin protein. C) cholesterol. D) phospholipids. E) integral proteins Answer: B Section: 2.2 Book LO: 2.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

11) Embedded in the plasma membrane of cells, cholesterol molecules act to A) stabilize the membrane. B) make the membrane more resistant to freezing. C) destabilize the membrane, leading to heart attacks. D) participate in pinocytosis. E) allow water to easily pass through the plasma membrane. Answer: A Section: 2.2 Book LO: 2.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 12) Phospholipids of the plasma membrane are arranged A) around a central layer of cholesterol. B) in a single layer with polar heads facing outwards. C) as a bilayer with their nonpolar tails sandwiched between the polar heads. D) as a bilayer with their polar heads sandwiched between the nonpolar tails. E) as a bilayer with the polar heads facing the nonpolar tails. Answer: C Section: 2.2 Book LO: 2.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 13) Which of the following statements about integral proteins in the plasma membrane is false? A) Most extend all the way through the membrane. B) Some attach to the glycocalyx. C) They determine which molecules are transported through the membrane. D) They are more abundant by volume than the membrane phospholipids. E) They are involved in the transport of some water-soluble or charged molecules across the membrane. Answer: D Section: 2.2 Book LO: 2.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

14) Hypercholesterolemia is an inherited disease in which the body's cells lack protein receptors that bind to cholesterol-delivering low-density lipoproteins. Based on your knowledge of cell anatomy, what do you think a consequence of the lack of this receptor may be? A) Cholesterol will not bind to the receptor and enter the cell. B) Cholesterol will not exit the cell via exocytosis. C) The lipids in the plasma membrane will break down, resulting in death of the cell. D) Ribosomes will not be able to make proteins. E) Rough endoplasmic reticulum will not be able to break down lipids. Answer: A Section: 2.2 Book LO: 2.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 15) The endocytotic process in which small vesicles of fluid are brought into the cell is called A) phagocytosis. B) pinocytosis. C) exocytosis. D) xenocytosis. E) receptor-mediated endocytosis Answer: B Section: 2.2 Book LO: 2.3 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 16) Which type of endocytosis ingests the most specific type of molecule? A) fluid-phase endocytosis B) phagocytosis C) pinocytosis D) receptor-mediated endocytosis E) vesiclcytosis Answer: D Section: 2.2 Book LO: 2.3 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

17) Hormones are secreted by A) phagocytosis. B) pinocytosis. C) exocytosis. D) osmosis. E) receptor-mediated endocytosis Answer: C Section: 2.2 Book LO: 2.3 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 18) Materials that are to be exocytosed by cells are enclosed in vesicles synthesized by the A) nucleosome. B) ribosome. C) Golgi apparatus. D) mitochondrion. E) lysosome. Answer: C Section: 2.2 Book LO: 2.3 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 19) Membrane-bound organelles have the same type of membrane as the plasma membrane except A) for the absence of a glycocalyx. B) for the absence of cholesterol. C) the nonpolar tails face outward. D) they are all covered with ribosomes. Answer: A Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 20) Which of the following is associated with protein synthesis? A) mitochondria B) ribosomes C) chloroplasts D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum E) Golgi apparatus Answer: B Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 7 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

21) Ribosomes may be either free within the cytoplasm or bound to a membrane system known as the A) Golgi apparatus. B) microtubule organizing center. C) cytoskeleton. D) rough endoplasmic reticulum. E) plasma membrane. Answer: D Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 22) Which membranous organelle is the site of protein synthesis for proteins that are secreted by the cell? A) Golgi apparatus B) lysosome C) rough endoplasmic reticulum D) mitochondria E) peroxisome Answer: C Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 23) Which membranous organelle stores calcium and is a primary site of lipid metabolism? A) Golgi apparatus B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) mitochondrion D) peroxisome E) rough endoplasmic reticulum Answer: B Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing

24) Which of the following statements about the rough endoplasmic reticulum is false? A) It consists of stacked envelopes called cisternae. B) It makes the digestive enzymes contained in the lysosomes. C) It stores lipids as inclusions. D) It makes the integral proteins of the cell membrane. E) It contains ribosomes on the external face of its membranes. Answer: C Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 25) Which organelle has both a cis and a trans face? A) Golgi apparatus B) lysosome C) rough endoplasmic reticulum D) mitochondria E) peroxisome Answer: A Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 26) Functions of the Golgi apparatus include all of the following except A) preparing proteins for inclusion in lysosomes. B) DNA replication. C) plasma membrane formation. D) production of secretory granules. E) modifying proteins created by the endoplasmic reticulum. Answer: B Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 27) Which organelle sorts, processes, and packages products made by the rough ER? A) Golgi apparatus B) lysosome C) rough endoplasmic reticulum D) mitochondria E) peroxisome Answer: A Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 9 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

28) The ________ face of the Golgi apparatus is ________ to receive spherical vesicles from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. A) cis; convex B) trans; concave C) cis; flattened D) trans; convex Answer: A Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 29) Which organelle is primarily a sac of powerful digestive enzymes called acid hydrolases? A) Golgi apparatus B) lysosome C) rough endoplasmic reticulum D) mitochondria E) peroxisome Answer: B Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 30) When a phagocytic white blood cell ingests a foreign bacterial cell, which organelle fuses with the vesicle? A) Golgi apparatus B) lysosome C) rough endoplasmic reticulum D) mitochondria E) peroxisome Answer: B Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing

31) In the process of phagocytosis, the organelles whose enzymes break down ingested foreign cells are the A) nucleoli. B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum. C) peroxisomes. D) lysosomes. E) centrosomes. Answer: D Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 32) Which of these organelles is involved in production of cellular energy? A) Golgi apparatus B) lysosome C) rough endoplasmic reticulum D) mitochondria E) peroxisome Answer: D Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 33) Which organelle is characterized by folded inner membranes called cristae? A) Golgi apparatus B) lysosome C) rough endoplasmic reticulum D) mitochondria E) peroxisome Answer: D Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

34) Which organelle produces ATP molecules? A) Golgi apparatus B) lysosome C) rough endoplasmic reticulum D) mitochondria E) peroxisome Answer: D Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 35) Of the following, the only organelle that has a double membrane structure is the A) centriole. B) Golgi apparatus. C) rough endoplasmic reticulum. D) mitochondrion. E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Answer: D Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 36) Which organelle contains some DNA and is capable of self-replication? A) Golgi apparatus B) lysosome C) rough endoplasmic reticulum D) mitochondria E) peroxisome Answer: D Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 37) Which membranous organelle contains oxidase and catalase enzymes? A) Golgi apparatus B) lysosome C) rough endoplasmic reticulum D) mitochondria E) peroxisome Answer: E Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 12 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

38) Which organelle is numerous in cells of the liver and kidney, organs involved in removing toxic substances from the body? A) Golgi apparatus B) lysosome C) rough endoplasmic reticulum D) mitochondria E) peroxisome Answer: E Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 39) Peroxisomes function to A) synthesize and degrade hydrogen peroxide. B) store cellular free radicals. C) produce pigments. D) regulate membrane permeability. E) synthesize integral proteins. Answer: A Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 40) Peroxisomes A) are the toxic waste removal system of the cell. B) are involved in the production of ATP. C) contain some of the code necessary for their own duplication. D) synthesize proteins for use outside the cell. E) provide support to the cell skeleton. Answer: A Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

41) Which of the following cytoskeleton elements are the largest in diameter? A) microtubules B) microfilaments C) intermediate filaments D) centrioles E) actin Answer: A Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 42) Which of the following is not a cytoskeleton element? A) microtubule B) microfilament C) intermediate filament D) centriole E) myosin Answer: D Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 43) The elements of the cytoskeleton that are stiff but bendable, analogous to the bones of the human body, are the A) microtubules. B) microfilaments. C) intermediate filaments. D) the cytosol. Answer: A Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 44) The cytoskeletal elements which generate pseudopodia and contractile forces in conjunction with myosin are A) microtubules. B) microfilaments. C) intermediate filaments. D) integral proteins. Answer: B Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 14 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

45) Dyneins and kinesins are motor proteins that A) enable a cell to send out and retract extensions called pseudopods. B) move organelles along microtubules through the cytoplasm. C) are molecular components of telomeres. D) resist pulling forces that are placed on cells. E) stabilize the cell in its location in the tissue. Answer: B Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 46) Which organelle is important in neutralizing free radicals? A) Golgi apparatus B) lysosome C) mitochondrion D) peroxisome E) centrioles Answer: D Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 47) The mitotic spindle forms from the A) nucleus. B) Golgi apparatus. C) centrosome matrix. D) nucleolus. Answer: C Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 48) Which of the following is an inclusion, not an organelle? A) lysosome B) microtubule C) mitochondrion D) glycosome E) peroxisome. Answer: D Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 15 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

49) The temporary structures in the cytoplasm include all of the following except A) pigments. B) glycosomes. C) lipid droplets. D) the Golgi apparatus. E) protein crystals. Answer: D Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 50) Which of the following is true regarding cytoplasmic inclusions? A) Lipid droplets are found in all cells in the body. B) Glycosomes store sugar in the form of glycogen. C) Crystals of protein contain enzymes that degrade glycogen into glucose subunits. D) Lysosomes are considered cytoplasmic inclusions. E) Pigments are cytoplasmic inclusions that store fat. Answer: B Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. 51) Which letter indicates the DNA molecule? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: A Section: 2.4 Book LO: 2.6 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

52) Which letter indicates the chromatid? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: D Section: 2.4 Book LO: 2.6 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 53) Which letter indicates a nucleosome? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: C Section: 2.4 Book LO: 2.6 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 54) Which letter indicates histones? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: B Section: 2.4 Book LO: 2.6 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 55) Which letter indicates the metaphase chromosome? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: E Section: 2.4 Book LO: 2.6 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 18 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

56) The nuclear envelope is continuous with which organelle? A) Golgi apparatus B) lysosome C) rough endoplasmic reticulum D) mitochondria E) peroxisome Answer: C Section: 2.4 Book LO: 2.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 57) Which of the following does not pass through nuclear pores? A) chromatin B) messenger RNA C) proteins D) ribosomal RNA Answer: A Section: 2.4 Book LO: 2.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 58) Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of the nuclear envelope? A) separation of nucleoplasm and cytoplasm B) regulation of passage of substances into and out of the cell membrane C) transcription of DNA D) protein synthesis E) waste removal from the nucleus Answer: A Section: 2.4 Book LO: 2.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 59) The nuclear envelope is continuous with the rough ER, but it differs from the rough ER in that it A) is not associated with ribosomes. B) has unique pores. C) consists of two membranes separated by a space. D) consists of tubes, like the smooth ER. Answer: B Section: 2.4 Book LO: 2.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 19 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

60) In chromatin, the DNA molecule wraps around proteins called A) nucleotides. B) codons. C) integral protein. D) histones. E) SNARE proteins Answer: D Section: 2.4 Book LO: 2.6 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 61) Transcription of DNA requires the presence of A) centrosomes. B) extended chromatin. C) histones. D) nucleosomes. Answer: B Section: 2.4 Book LO: 2.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 62) The cytoskeletal elements that form a ring to "squeeze" the two daughter cells apart during cytokinesis are A) microtubules. B) microfilaments. C) intermediate filaments. D) the microtrabecular lattice. Answer: B Section: 2.5 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 63) In the cell life cycle, DNA is replicated during A) interphase G1. B) interphase S. C) prophase I. D) prophase II. E) interphase G2. Answer: B Section: 2.5 Book LO: 2.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 20 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

64) Which is not part of interphase? A) G1 B) G2 C) M D) S Answer: C Section: 2.5 Book LO: 2.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 65) During what phase of the cell cycle is the DNA duplicated? A) metaphase B) anaphase C) interphase D) prophase Answer: C Section: 2.5 Book LO: 2.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 66) During what phase of mitosis does the mitotic spindle break down and disappear? A) metaphase B) anaphase C) telophase D) late prophase Answer: C Section: 2.5 Book LO: 2.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 67) Mitosis refers only to nuclear division. Separation of the entire cell following mitosis is ___. A) meiosis. B) karyokinesis. C) cytokinesis. D) telophase. E) anaphase Answer: C Section: 2.5 Book LO: 2.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

68) During mitosis, the kinetochore microtubules of the mitotic spindle A) attach to chromatids and align them at the metaphase plate. B) push on the chromatids. C) anchor the centriole to the cell membrane. D) push the two poles of the cell apart. Answer: A Section: 2.5 Book LO: 2.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 69) The longest arrays of microtubules that assemble from each centrosome during prophase form filaments called A) mitotic spindles. B) kinetochores. C) asters. D) the nuclear envelope. E) histones. Answer: A Section: 2.5 Book LO: 2.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 70) During anaphase, motor proteins attached to mitotic spindle fibers serve to A) pull the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell. B) pull together the replicated chromosomal strands. C) re-form the nuclear envelope. D) form the aster. Answer: A Section: 2.5 Book LO: 2.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 71) The cell that gathers information and controls body functions is a A) macrophage. B) fat cell. C) sperm cell. D) neuron. E) muscle cell. Answer: D Section: 2.6 Book LO: 2.8 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 22 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

72) Which cell type is correctly matched with its function? A) erythrocyte — cell that produces movement B) epithelial cell — cell that covers and lines organs C) macrophages — cell that stores nutrients D) fibroblast — cell that fights disease E) neuron — cell of reproduction Answer: B Section: 2.6 Book LO: 2.8 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 73) The theory proposing that aging results from the effects of free radicals is the A) mitochondrial theory of aging. B) genetic theory of aging. C) immunity theory of aging. D) cross-linking of glucose theory of aging. Answer: A Section: 2.6 Book LO: 2.9 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 74) The process of cellular aging may involve all of the following except A) accumulated damage by free radicals. B) decreased production of lysosomes. C) excessive metabolic rate. D) progressive shortening of telomeres. Answer: B Section: 2.6 Book LO: 2.9 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing

2.2 True/False Questions 1) Ribosomes consist of two subunits, each surrounded by a membrane. Answer: FALSE Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 2) The smooth ER contains its own molecules of DNA. Answer: FALSE Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 3) Peroxisomes are important in detoxification of a number of toxic substances, for instance, hydrogen peroxide. Answer: TRUE Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 4) Microtubules are composed of actin. Answer: FALSE Section: 2.3 Book LO: 2.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 5) Chromatin is composed of DNA wound around proteins known as actin. Answer: FALSE Section: 2.4 Book LO: 2.6 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 6) Extended chromatin is tightly wound around histones. Answer: FALSE Section: 2.4 Book LO: 2.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

7) DNA is a long double-helix composed of four distinct nucleotides. Answer: TRUE Section: 2.4 Book LO: 2.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 8) The nucleolus serves as the cell's ribosome-producing machine. Answer: TRUE Section: 2.4 Book LO: 2.6 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 9) An example of a type of cell with high rates of mitosis is a cell of the skin. Answer: TRUE Section: 2.5 Book LO: 2.8 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 10) During the G1 phase, DNA is replicated in the cytoplasm. Answer: FALSE Section: 2.5 Book LO: 2.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 11) During the S phase, cells are characterized by rapid growth. Answer: FALSE Section: 2.5 Book LO: 2.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 12) A mitotic spindle develops during early telophase of mitosis. Answer: FALSE Section: 2.5 Book LO: 2.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

13) During anaphase, the chromosomes are moved to the center of the cell. Answer: FALSE Section: 2.5 Book LO: 2.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 14) Cytokinesis is the physical division of the cytoplasm between the two newly formed cells that result from mitosis. Answer: TRUE Section: 2.5 Book LO: 2.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 15) Telomeres are structures that limit the maximum number of times cells can divide. Answer: TRUE Section: 2.6 Book LO: 2.9 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 2.3 Short Answer Questions 1) Name the smallest living units in the body. Answer: cells 2) The outermost continuous boundary of a human cell is the ________. Answer: plasma membrane (plasmalemma) 3) What is the name of the currently held theory describing the plasma membrane structure? Answer: fluid mosaic model 4) The phospholipid molecules of the plasma membrane are primarily composed of ________. Answer: a non-polar tail comprised of 2 fatty acid chains attached to a polar head 5) Identify the two different types of membrane-associated molecules that comprise the glycocalyx. Answer: glycolipids and glycoproteins 6) This is the type of protein involved in transport mechanisms across the plasma membrane. Answer: integral proteins (transmembrane proteins) 7) This is the mechanism by which large particles and macromolecules enter a cell. Answer: endocytosis

8) This is the diffusion of water molecules across a membrane. Answer: osmosis 9) What is the transport mechanism by which substances move from the cytoplasm to the outside of the cell? Answer: exocytosis 10) Cell aging may be related to production of what charged molecules produced by the mitochondria? Answer: free radicals 11) This network of rods running throughout the cytosol acts as a cell's "bones," "muscles," and "ligaments." Answer: cytoskeleton 12) What would extended chromatin wrapped around a group of eight histones be called? Answer: a nucleosome 13) Name the phase in which a cell grows and carries on all its usual metabolic activities. Answer: G1 phase of interphase 14) Which phase involves the physical division of the cytoplasm between the two newly formed cells that result from mitosis. Answer: cytokinesis 2.4 Essay Questions 1) Differentiate phagocytosis from receptor-mediated endocytosis. Answer: In phagocytosis, the cell extends pseudopods and engulfs the foreign protein/foreign cell, which is often degraded after the phagocytic vesicle fuses with a lysosome. In receptormediated endocytosis, specific membrane receptors bind specific extra-cellular molecules. Once bound, the membrane deforms inward, creating a vesicle with the receptors and molecules inside. The vesicle contents are released into the cytoplasm or fuse with a lysosome, with the receptors recycled back to the membrane. 2) Describe the mitochondria. Answer: These are long, thin organelles, that have their own DNA molecule which allows for self-replication. They produce ATP molecules, which are the equivalent of cellular energy. They are bound by two membranes. The inner one is highly folded into cristae, where many of the critical molecules involved in ATP production are imbedded.

3) Describe the three major types of cytoskeletal elements. Answer: Microtubules are the largest in diameter and are formed by the protein tubulin. They are stiff, but bendable. Microtubules are important in the trafficking of organelles within the cytoplasm. Microfilaments are the smallest in diameter. They are strands of the protein actin, are contractile proteins, which are typically very labile. Intermediate filaments are of intermediate diameter. They are very stable and permanent, functioning to resist shearing forces within and between adjacent cells. 4) Describe how cellular differentiation results in structural variation among cells in the human body. Answer: Cellular differentiation is the result of highly regulated gene activation/inactivation in the developing embryo. The products of gene activation are proteins. As the embryo develops, certain cells will begin to produce proteins that neighboring cells do not produce. As development progresses, these unique protein "signatures" lead to differences in cellular function. For example, in muscle cells actin and myosin proteins predominate which results in their unique contractile properties. 5) Describe the two checkpoints that occur during interphase. Answer: The G1 checkpoint ensures that the cell has reached a maximum size and has replicated the necessary organelles and enzymes to synthesize DNA. The G2 checkpoint, checks to see whether replication errors or DNA damage has occurred during DNA synthesis.

Human Anatomy, 9e, Marieb Test Bank Chapter 3 Basic Embryology 3.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) Approximately ________ percent of all children have some birth defect. A) 0.01 B) 1 C) 3 D) 20 Answer: C Section: 3.0 Book LO: 3.1 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 2) The embryonic period of prenatal development is the first ________ weeks. A) two B) four C) eight D) twelve Answer: C Section: 3.1 Book LO: 3.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

3) Which letter indicates the blastocyst? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: D Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 4) Which letter indicates the uterus? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: E Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 5) Which letter indicates the oocyte? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: A Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 6) Which letter indicates the zygote? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: B Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.4 Global LO: G2 2 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 7) Which letter indicates the morula? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: C Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 8) Quickening occurs (mother feels fetus moving). A) 8 weeks (end of embryonic period) B) 9-12 weeks (month 3) C) 13-16 weeks (month 4) D) 17-20 weeks (month 5) E) 21-30 weeks (months 6 and 7) Answer: D Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.12 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 9) Limbs are complete. A) 8 weeks (end of embryonic period) B) 9-12 weeks (month 3) C) 13-16 weeks (month 4) D) 17-20 weeks (month 5) E) 21-30 weeks (months 6 and 7) Answer: A Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.12 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 10) Sex can be determined from the genitals. A) 8 weeks (end of embryonic period) B) 9-12 weeks (month 3) C) 13-16 weeks (month 4) D) 17-20 weeks (month 5) E) 21-30 weeks (months 6 and 7) Answer: B Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.12 3 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 11) Lungs complete development at A) 8 weeks (end of embryonic period) B) 9-12 weeks (month 3) C) 13-16 weeks (month 4) D) 17-20 weeks (month 5) E) 21-30 weeks (months 6 and 7) Answer: E Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.12 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 12) All major organs are present in rudimentary form. A) 8 weeks (end of embryonic period) B) 9-12 weeks (month 3) C) 13-16 weeks (month 4) D) 17-20 weeks (month 5) E) 21-30 weeks (months 6 and 7) Answer: A Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.12 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 13) This develops into the brain and spinal cord. A) endoderm B) ectoderm C) mesoderm—somites D) mesoderm—lateral plate E) intermediate mesoderm Answer: B Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 14) Sensory nerve cells, the skin's pigment-producing cells, and the facial bones all derive from A) neural crest cells B) hypoblast C) endoderm D) mesoderm E) trophoblast Answer: A Section: 3.3 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

Book LO: 3.9 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 15) This develops into the epidermis of the skin. A) endoderm B) ectoderm C) mesoderm—somites D) mesoderm—lateral plate E) intermediate mesoderm Answer: B Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 16) The epiblast develops a primitive streak during days 14-15, the initial cells that ingress through the primitive streak become this germ layer. A) endoderm B) ectoderm C) mesoderm—somites D) mesoderm—lateral plate E) intermediate mesoderm Answer: A Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 17) Mucus-producing glands of the respiratory tract arise from this layer. A) endoderm B) ectoderm C) mesoderm—somites D) mesoderm—lateral plate E) intermediate mesoderm Answer: A Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 18) The coelom forms between which two layers of the lateral mesoderm? A) paraxial and intermediate B) intermediate and somatic C) splanchnic and somatic D) parietal and visceral Answer: C 5 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.8 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 19) Embryonic epiblast cells that remain on the surface of the trilaminar disc are ultimately called A) endoderm B) ectoderm C) mesoderm—somites D) mesoderm—lateral plate E) intermediate mesoderm Answer: B Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 20) The neural tube develops from this layer. A) endoderm B) ectoderm C) mesoderm—somites D) mesoderm—lateral plate E) intermediate mesoderm Answer: B Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 21) The mesoderm located deep to the neural tube that forms the kidneys and the gonads is the A) endoderm. B) ectoderm. C) mesoderm—somites. D) mesoderm—lateral plate. E) intermediate mesoderm. Answer: E Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing

22) The ribs and vertebrae form from this primary germ layer. A) endoderm B) ectoderm C) mesoderm—somites D) mesoderm—lateral plate E) intermediate mesoderm Answer: C Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 23) The ectoderm develops into the epithelium of the skin, whereas this layer gives rise to the epithelial lining of the gut tube. A) endoderm B) ectoderm C) mesoderm—somites D) mesoderm—lateral plate E) intermediate mesoderm Answer: A Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 24) This layer will give rise to the bones, ligaments and joints of the embryonic limbs. A) endoderm B) ectoderm C) mesoderm—somites D) mesoderm—lateral plate E) intermediate mesoderm Answer: D Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

25) Neural crest cells are derived from this germ layer. A) endoderm B) ectoderm C) mesoderm—somites D) mesoderm—lateral plate E) intermediate mesoderm Answer: B Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 26) The dermis of the dorsal body region is derived from somites. However, the dermis of the ventral body region is derived from A) endoderm. B) ectoderm. C) mesoderm—somites. D) mesoderm—lateral plate. E) intermediate mesoderm. Answer: D Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 27) Blood vessels and the heart arise from this primary germ layer. A) endoderm B) ectoderm C) mesoderm—somites D) mesoderm—lateral plate E) intermediate mesoderm Answer: D Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

28) The splanchnic mesoderm forms next to this layer. A) endoderm B) ectoderm C) mesoderm—somites D) mesoderm—lateral plate E) intermediate mesoderm Answer: A Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 29) Conception occurs in the A) lateral third of the uterine tube. B) ovary. C) peritoneal cavity. D) uterine cavity. Answer: A Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 30) The embryonic notochord will eventually be replaced by the developing ________, leaving only remnants that persist as the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral discs. A) spinal cord B) pharynx C) lateral muscle D) vertebral column Answer: D Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.10 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 31) Which of the following is the proper sequence for neurulation? A) neural tube, neural plate, neural groove B) neural groove, neural plate, neural tube C) neural plate, neural groove, neural tube D) neural groove, brain, neural tube Answer: C Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

32) Limb buds emerge in the human embryo about A) day 9. B) day 15. C) day 28. D) day 60. Answer: C Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.11 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 33) Division of cells in a zygote is called A) blastulation. B) cleavage. C) gastrulation. D) induction. Answer: B Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 34) The gonads arise from what embryonic structure? A) notochord B) endoderm C) splanchnic mesoderm D) intermediate mesoderm Answer: D Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.10 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 35) Which of the following is endodermal in origin? A) liver B) spleen C) blood vessels D) skin Answer: A Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.10 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

36) Somites differentiate into A) the epidermis. B) myotomes. C) the gastrointestinal lining. D) muscles. Answer: B Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.10 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 37) The sclerotomes will develop into the A) peritoneum. B) visceral serosa. C) vertebrae. D) heart. Answer: C Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.10 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 38) Splanchnic mesoderm forms the A) heart. B) notochord. C) brain. D) skin. Answer: A Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.10 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 39) A transverse section through the 24-day embryo, dorsal to ventral, would first contact the A) neural tube. B) notochord. C) somites. D) myotomes. Answer: A Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.9 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing

40) The embryonic layer that invades the lining of the uterus and forms the placenta is the A) trophoblast. B) embryoblast. C) inner cell mass. D) endometrium. Answer: A Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 41) The expression "breaking water" during birthing refers to the rupture of the A) amniotic sac B) allantois. C) chorion. D) yolk sac. Answer: A Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 42) Which characteristic is not true of a blastocyst? A) It contains a fluid-filled cavity. B) It develops 24-36 hours after conception. C) It has an inner cell mass and an outer trophoblast. D) It implants into the uterus. Answer: B Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 43) The solid mass of cells that results from cleavage of the zygote is the A) trophoblast. B) blastocyst. C) morula. D) gastrula. Answer: C Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

44) Which of the following does not distinguish mesoderm from either endoderm or ectoderm? A) It is a mesenchyme tissue. B) It is derived from the epiblast. C) It is the last of the three germ layers to develop. D) Its cells can migrate widely within the embryo. Answer: B Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 45) The term bilaminar disc refers to the embryonic ________ and ________. A) epidermis; dermis B) ectoderm; mesoderm C) epiblast; hypoblast D) inner cell mass; trophoblast Answer: C Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 46) Mesenchyme would refer to ________ but not ________. A) mesoderm; ectoderm B) ectoderm; mesoderm C) endoderm; ectoderm D) ectoderm; endoderm Answer: A Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 47) Male and female fetuses can first be distinguished by their genitalia at A) 1 week. B) 3 weeks. C) 3 months. D) 7 months. Answer: C Section: 3.4 Book LO: 3.11 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

48) The most common cause of mental retardation in the United States is A) anencephaly. B) spina bifida. C) fetal alcohol syndrome. D) thalidomide. Answer: C Section: 3.0 Book LO: 3.11 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 49) Implantation of the blastocyst into the uterine lining takes about A) 1 week. B) 2 weeks. C) 3 weeks. D) 4 weeks. Answer: A Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.4 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 50) Fertilization is to zygote as A) egg is to sperm. B) oocyte is to ovary. C) cleavage is to morula. D) birth is to parturition. Answer: C Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 51) In human embryos, the yolk sac is important because it A) stores yolk. B) gives rise to earliest blood cells and blood vessels. C) stores nitrogenous wastes. D) allows for gas exchange through the placenta. Answer: B Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

52) The body's axis of development is determined by the A) blastomeres. B) epiblast. C) notochord. D) primitive streak. Answer: C Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 53) Most organ systems are fully formed and ready to function in the fetus by the sixth month. Which of the following systems is the exception to this generalization because it takes longer to finish development? A) the circulatory system B) the respiratory system C) the urinary system D) the integumentary system Answer: B Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.11 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 54) The urinary bladder is derived from which embryonic layer? A) ectoderm B) mesoderm C) endoderm D) neural crest Answer: C Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.9 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 55) A teratogen is A) a deformed baby. B) a specific sedative used in the 1950s in Europe. C) a chemical agent, infectious agent or environmental factor that causes birth defects. D) a stage of development in the mid-fetal period. Answer: C Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.12 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

56) The primary germ layer that ultimately produces the hair, fingernails, and toenails is A) ectoderm. B) mesoderm. C) endoderm. D) neural crest. Answer: A Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.9 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 57) The primary germ layer that ultimately forms the serous membranes of the peritoneum is A) ectoderm. B) mesoderm. C) endoderm. D) neural crest. Answer: B Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.9 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 58) The neural tube of the embryo develops into the A) spinal cord. B) neural crest. C) sensory neurons. D) dorsal skin. Answer: A Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 59) Somatic mesoderm gives rise to all of the following except A) some bones. B) some serous membranes. C) dermis of the skin of the belly. D) epidermis of the upper limb. Answer: D Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.10 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing

60) Another name for birth defect is A) birth illness. B) teratogenesis. C) congenital abnormality. D) prenatal pathology. Answer: C Section: 3.4 Book LO: 3.11 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 61) Which of the following adult structures derives from neural crest? A) all the nerve cells in the brain B) all the nerve cells in the spinal cord C) all the pigment-producing cells in the body D) all bones Answer: C Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 62) As a result of folding, the embryo acquires a tadpole shape by A) day 9. B) day 12. C) day 15. D) day 24. Answer: D Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.7 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 63) The amniotic sac is derived from the epiblast, while the placenta develops from the A) bilaminar disc. B) hypoblast. C) neural crest. D) trophoblast. Answer: D Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

64) Identical (monozygotic) twins are A) formed from splitting of the inner cell mass. B) formed from splitting of the zygote. C) formed from the release of two eggs. D) formed from two sperm fertilizing one egg. Answer: A Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.4 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 65) If a mutation occurs in the hypoblast cells of a bilaminar embryo, one might expect birth defects to be present in the A) blood cells or vessels. B) brain and spinal cord. C) hair and skin. D) musculoskeletal system. Answer: A Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.5 Global LO: G7 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 66) Which of the following is not a property of mesenchyme? A) It is present before birth. B) Its cells migrate. C) Its cells are star-shaped. D) Its cells attach closely to one another and form sheets. Answer: D Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 67) The ability of one cell to influence the development of its neighboring cells is called A) blastulation. B) cleavage. C) gastrulation. D) induction. Answer: D Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

68) Which of the following appears latest in human development? A) limb buds B) somites C) heart D) separate fingers Answer: D Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.12 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 69) Conjoined twins occur as a result of A) complete separation of cells in the early morula. B) failure of the blastocyst to implant in the uterine lining. C) incomplete division of the inner cell mass. D) fertilization of the ovum by two different sperm Answer: C Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 70) The cavity in the mesoderm that ultimately develops into the peritoneal, pericardial, and pleural cavities is called the A) antrum. B) blastocoel. C) coelom. D) dermatome. Answer: C Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 71) Which of the following is not a primary germ layer? A) ectoderm B) mesoderm C) epidermis D) endoderm Answer: C Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

72) The correct sequence for embryonic development is A) zygote, blastocyst, morula. B) zygote, morula, blastocyst. C) blastocyst, morula, zygote. D) zygote, fetus, embryo. Answer: B Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 73) Based on the proportions of the adult body, the 3-month fetus still shows disproportionately large A) hands. B) stomach. C) head. D) heart. Answer: C Section: 3.4 Book LO: 3.11 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 74) Thalidomide, once used to alleviate morning sickness in pregnant women, resulted in A) severe limb abnormalities. B) heart defects. C) mental retardation. D) multiple births. Answer: A Section: 3.4 Book LO: 3.11 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 75) Production of surfactant begins during week 22-26 of gestation. Premature infants born after week 26 A) will not survive. B) will not need medical assistance for breathing. C) will need medical assistance for breathing. D) will be at increased risk for visual disorders and mental impairment. Answer: B Section: 3.4 Book LO: 3.12 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

3.2 True/False Questions 1) Spina bifida results when the neural tube fails to close in the head. Answer: FALSE Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 2) The embryonic notochord gives rise to part of the intervertebral discs in the adult human. Answer: TRUE Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.10 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 3) The inner cell mass will form the embryo, and the trophoblast will form the placenta. Answer: TRUE Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.4 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 4) The outer membrane of the amniotic sac is called the amnion. Answer: TRUE Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 5) The epiblast gives rise to the three primary germ layers. Answer: TRUE Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 6) The developing embryo, about 72 hours after fertilization, is called the zygote. Answer: FALSE Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.4 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

7) During the blastocyst stage, there are three cell layers evident. Answer: FALSE Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.4 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 8) It is easy to remember that in humans, 3 weeks after fertilization, there are three germ layers. Answer: TRUE Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 9) The three primary germ layers are the endoderm, myotome, and exoderm. Answer: FALSE Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 10) The yolk sac, formed from the hypoblast, has little yolk in the human embryo. Answer: TRUE Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.5 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 11) The ability of one group of cells to influence development of neighboring cells is called gastrulation. Answer: FALSE Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.6 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 12) Endoderm forms many glands, such as those associated with the gastrointestinal tract. Answer: TRUE Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.9 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

13) Premature birth is one that occurs 38 weeks after conception. Answer: FALSE Section: 3.4 Book LO: 3.12 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 14) Identical twins arise from the splitting of a three-layered embryo. Answer: FALSE Section: 3.3 Book LO: 3.4 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 15) The fetal period is the longer and later of the prenatal growth periods. Answer: TRUE Section: 3.4 Book LO: 3.2 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 3.3 Short Answer Questions 1) The embryonic ________ ultimately form the arms and legs of the adult. Answer: limb buds 2) By the end of week 3, the mesoderm has divided into the somites, intermediate mesoderm, and ________. Answer: lateral plate 3) The process of neurulation begins as the ectoderm dorsal to the ________ thickens into the neural plate. Answer: notochord 4) Splanchnic mesoderm gives rise to components of the cardiovascular system, including ________. Answer: the heart and blood vessels 5) Somites differentiate into dermatomes, myotomes, and ________. Answer: sclerotomes 6) The sex of the fetus can be determined externally by approximately month ________. Answer: 3 7) The hand develops with ________ between the fingers. Answer: webs (webbing) 23 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

8) This is the most common preventable cause of mental retardation in the United States. Answer: fetal alcohol syndrome 9) Defects in the development of the neural tube may be linked to inadequate dietary intake of ________. Answer: folic acid 10) ________ is a clinical procedure that provides a genetic profile for a fetus. Answer: Amniocentesis 11) A(n) ________ abortion is one in which the fetus dies and is naturally aborted. Answer: spontaneous 12) The wall and lining of the gut develop from the mesoderm and ________, respectively. Answer: endoderm 13) Hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and brown fat begin forming in month ________ of fetal development. Answer: 5 14) The ________ is the embryonic stage that implants in the uterus. Answer: blastocyst 15) A primitive characteristic that an adult human retains only in part, but is important in determining bilateral symmetry is the ________. Answer: notochord 16) The intermediate mesoderm forms the ________. Answer: kidneys and gonads 17) ________ results when the neural tube fails to close cranially. Answer: Anencephaly 3.4 Essay Questions 1) Explain how conjoined twins may occur. Answer: Conjoined twins result with the incomplete division of the inner cell mass during the twinning process. The twins may be joined at any/multiple body regions and often share organs. 2) Briefly describe the two cellular layers that comprise the bilaminar embryonic disc and explain their importance in embryonic development. Answer: Cells within the inner cell mass of the blastocyst begin to differentiate into two separate layers approximately nine days after fertilization occurs. These two layers will give rise to all of the cell types of the body. The epiblast will give rise to the three primary germ layers; ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. The hypoblast gives rise to the yolk sac, which will develop into part of the digestive tube and tissue around the yolk sac gives rise to the earliest blood cells and blood vessels. 24 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

3) Describe the types of tissues that make up the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm, and explain how these tissues relate to their developmental processes. Answer: Both endoderm and ectoderm are epithelial tissues. These cells are joined together in sheets that form external or internal linings of the body. The mesoderm consists of mesenchyme tissue whose cells don't stick together. Instead, the cells and groups of cells are free to migrate within the embryo to eventually give rise to muscles, bones, and viscera. 4) Define the term teratogen, and explain why exposure to teratogens during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy is particularly dangerous. Answer: A teratogen is any chemical, biological, or physical factor that disrupts normal embryo development. Exposure to teratogenic agents is most dangerous during the first 8 weeks of embryo development because it is during this time that most of the major organ systems initially develop. Disruption to these early cell lines may either be inconsistent with life and cause spontaneous abortion or may cause significant malformations that will persist throughout the fetal period. 5) Briefly describe the formation of the nervous system. Answer: The nervous system develops by an infolding of ectodermal cells from the neural plate. These cells continue to fold toward each other, forming initially the neural groove, which then becomes the completed neural tube. The cranial region of the neural tube becomes the brain, the caudal portion becomes the spinal cord. Just lateral to the developing neural groove, on either side, a ridge begins to form called the neural crest, again formed by ectodermal cells. These lateral ridges fuse; forming a superficial layer of ectoderm, surrounding the hollow, deeper neural tube Migratory neural crest cell derivatives will later become sensory nerve cells, pigment-producing cells, and bone-forming cells of the face.

Human Anatomy, 9e, Marieb Test Bank Chapter 4 Tissues 4.1 Multiple Choice Questions

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. 1) Which letter indicates microvilli? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: E Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.1 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 1 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

2) Which letter indicates the connective tissue layer? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: C Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.1 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 3) Which letter indicates the epithelium? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: B Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.1 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 4) Which letter indicates the basement membrane? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: D Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.1 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 5) Which letter on the diagram indicates motile structural elements of the epithelial membrane? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: A Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.1 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 2 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

6) Which category of tissue is characterized by cells that have adhesion proteins and specialized cell-to-cell junctions? A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial Answer: D Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.1 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 7) Which one of the following basic types of tissues functions as a covering tissue for the body? A) epithelial B) connective C) muscle D) nervous Answer: A Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.1 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 8) Using your knowledge of tissues of the body, which type of tissue do you deduce is located on the anterior surface of a person's eyeball? A) epithelial B) connective C) muscle D) nervous Answer: A Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.1 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 9) Of the following, the tissue with the greatest capacity for regeneration is A) skeletal muscle. B) neurons. C) epithelium. D) smooth muscle. Answer: C Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.1 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 3 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

10) Which of the following is not a characteristic of epithelia? A) highly cellular with little extracellular matrix B) innervated C) specialized cell-cell junctions D) vascular Answer: D Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.1 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 11) Cancer occurs when cells multiply excessively, forming malignant neoplasms. Which characteristic of epithelium makes it the most common type of tissue involved in cancer? A) specialized cell junctions B) polarity C) avascularity D) high regenerative capacity E) supportive connective tissue Answer: D Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.1 Global LO: G7 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 12) Cells lining the digestive tube are characteristic of this tissue category. A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial Answer: D Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 13) Pseudostratified columnar is one of the tissues of this category. A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial Answer: D Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

14) Which major tissue category includes tissues that function in secretion, absorption, and filtration? A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial Answer: D Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 15) The thinnest type of epithelium is A) simple squamous. B) pseudostratified columnar. C) stratified squamous. D) stratified columnar. Answer: A Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 16) Simple squamous epithelia would not provide A) protection from abrasion. B) diffusion. C) filtration. D) secretion. Answer: A Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 17) Which of the following provides the least resistance to diffusion? A) simple columnar epithelium B) simple cuboidal epithelium C) simple squamous epithelium D) stratified squamous epithelium Answer: C Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing

18) The major function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium is A) secretion. B) filtration. C) protection. D) absorption. Answer: A Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 19) An epithelium in which the basal layer of cells is cuboidal and the apical layer has cells that are thin, flat and irregular in shape is a ________ epithelium. A) stratified squamous B) simple columnar C) stratified cuboidal D) simple cuboidal Answer: A Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 20) The major function of stratified squamous epithelium is A) diffusion. B) absorption. C) filtration. D) protection from abrasion. Answer: D Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 21) A stratified epithelium that thins and flattens as the tissue stretches is a A) pseudostratified epithelium. B) stratified cuboidal epithelium. C) stratified squamous epithelium. D) transitional epithelium. Answer: D Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing

22) When unstretched, transitional epithelium looks most like ________ epithelium. A) simple squamous B) pseudostratified columnar C) stratified squamous D) stratified cuboidal Answer: D Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 23) A structure that secretes hormones into the blood is A) a plasma cell. B) a goblet cell. C) an endocrine gland. D) an exocrine gland. Answer: C Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.3 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 24) A common example of a unicellular exocrine gland is A) a fibroblast. B) any hormone-secreting cell. C) an endothelial cell. D) a goblet cell. Answer: D Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.3 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 25) What do goblet cells secrete? A) enzymes B) histamine C) mucin D) antibodies Answer: C Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.3 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

26) A highly branched gland whose walls do not balloon into spherical sacs is called A) compound alveolar. B) compound tubular. C) compound tubuloalveolar. D) simple branched alveolar. Answer: B Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 27) All of the following are true regarding multicellular exocrine glands except A) Each has an epithelium-walled duct and secretory epithelium. B) Supportive connective tissue with blood vessels and nerves surrounds most glands. C) Simple glands contain a duct without branches. D) Alveolar glands have secretory cells that form tubes. E) Compound glands have branched ducts. Answer: D Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. 28) Which letter indicates a cellular junction that prevents molecules from passing between epithelial cells? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: A Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 29) Which letter indicates the acellular layer that acts as a selective filter and a scaffold for regenerating epithelial cells? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: C Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing

30) Which letter indicates tunnel-like junctions in the lateral membranes of adjacent epithelial cells? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: D Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 31) Which letter indicates junctions commonly associated with tissues under mechanical stress? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: B Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 32) Which letter indicates the cytoplasmic protein fiber that connects desmosomes? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: E Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing

33) The distinguishing characteristic between tight junctions and adherens junctions is that A) adherens junctions attach to the actin myofilaments of the cytoskeleton, whereas tight junctions do not. B) adherens junctions involve integral membrane proteins, whereas tight junctions do not. C) tight junctions are present near apical lateral borders, whereas adherens junctions are located near basal lateral borders. D) tight junctions involve fusion of proteins on adjacent cells, whereas adherens junctions create tunnels between adjacent cells. Answer: A Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 34) The type of cell junction that closes off the space between epithelial cells, thereby limiting the passage of small molecules, is the A) tight junction. B) adherens junction. C) desmosome. D) gap junction. Answer: A Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 35) Cell junctions occur in which plasma membrane of epithelial cells? A) apical B) lateral C) nuclear D) basal lamina Answer: B Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

36) Despite their name, many types of cell junction are not very strong at joining and holding cells together. The cell junctions that best keep cells from being pulled apart are A) tight junctions. B) gap junctions. C) desmosomes. D) zonula occludens. Answer: C Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 37) The type of cell junction that permits small sugar molecules and ions to pass from the cytoplasm of one cell to that of another is a A) tight junction. B) gap junction. C) desmosome. D) zonula occludens. Answer: B Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 38) The difference between a basal lamina and a basement membrane is that A) the basal lamina is thicker. B) they lie on opposite surfaces of the epithelium. C) a basal lamina plus a layer of reticular fibers equals a basement membrane. D) only the basal lamina can be seen by light microscopy. Answer: C Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing

39) The basement membrane of the epithelial lining of capillaries in the kidney can thicken over time in patients with untreated diabetes mellitus. What could be a consequence of this thickening? A) Substances would have a difficult time traveling between the capillaries and the functional structures of the kidney, leading to a failure of the kidney to function. B) Substances would travel more easily between the capillaries and functional structures of the kidney. C) The kidney would become more structurally stable due to the excess tissue in the basement membrane. D) The epithelium of these capillaries would change from stratified squamous to stratified columnar as the basement membrane thickens. Answer: A Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.5 Global LO: G7 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 40) Which of the following is true regarding apical surface features of epithelium? A) Microvilli are highly motile apical extensions that bend and move in coordinated waves. B) Cilia are most prominent in epithelium that absorbs nutrients. C) Microvilli are longer and more flexible than cilia. D) Cilia move in a specific sequence in order to move fluid along the epithelium surface in only one direction. E) The primary function of cilia is to increase surface area. Answer: D Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 41) Which major category of tissues has the most diverse and most numerous types of tissue? A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial Answer: C Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

42) Which one of the following basic types of tissues has an abundant extracellular matrix? A) epithelial B) connective C) muscle D) nervous Answer: B Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 43) Tissues in this category are characterized by an extracellular matrix that holds some amount of fluid. A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial Answer: C Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 44) Fat is a form of ________ tissue. A) epithelial B) connective C) muscle D) nervous Answer: B Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.6 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 45) In connective tissue, extracellular matrix is not exactly the same as ground substance, because the matrix also contains A) fibers. B) cells. C) an epithelium. D) blood. Answer: A Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.6 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

46) Glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans are components of A) blood. B) inflammation. C) ground substance. D) reticular fibers. Answer: C Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 47) Which of the following is not associated with connective tissue? A) fibroblasts B) collagen C) goblet cells D) chondrocytes E) extracellular matrix Answer: C Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 48) In connective tissues, the primary extracellular molecules responsible for resisting tension are A) intermediate filaments in fibroblasts. B) collagen fibers. C) proteoglycans D) elastin fibers. Answer: B Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 49) Within connective tissue, the fibers that recoil to their original length and shape when stretched are called A) collagen fibers. B) stretch fibers. C) elastic fibers. D) reticular fibers. Answer: C Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 15 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

50) In connective tissue proper, ground substance is manufactured and secreted by which type of cell? A) fibroblast B) endothelial cell C) chondroblasts D) osteocytes Answer: A Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.7 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 51) A type of connective tissue that is not classified as a connective tissue proper is A) dense irregular connective tissue. B) areolar tissue. C) adipose tissue. D) cartilage. Answer: D Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 52) Adipocytes are found in tissues belonging to this category. A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial Answer: C Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.8 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 53) Connective tissue that must resist forces pulling it from many different directions without stretching would most likely be A) areolar connective tissue. B) dense irregular connective tissue. C) dense regular connective tissue. D) reticular connective tissues. Answer: B Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.8 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing

54) Ligaments are examples of tissues in this category. A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial Answer: C Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.8 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 55) Ligaments consist primarily of which kind of connective tissue? A) loose areolar B) dense irregular C) cartilage D) dense regular Answer: D Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.8 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 56) Bone and cartilage are examples of tissues in this category. A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial Answer: C Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.8 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 57) A connective tissue that has a liquid matrix is A) areolar connective tissue. B) tissue fluid. C) blood. D) epithelium. Answer: C Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.8 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

58) Histologists consider blood to be an example of what primary tissue category? A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial Answer: C Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.8 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 59) All lining and covering membranes consist of A) an epithelium only. B) a serosa. C) an epithelium, a connective tissue, and smooth muscle. D) epithelium and connective tissue. Answer: D Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.9 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 60) Of the types of lining and covering membranes, is the driest one is A) cutaneous. B) serous. C) mucous. D) parietal. Answer: A Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.9 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 61) Tissue types which are known as mucous and serous membranes are comprised of sheets of epithelial cells and A) adipose tissue. B) areolar connective tissue. C) reticular connective tissue D) elastic connective tissue. Answer: B Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.9 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

62) The embryonic tissue that gives rise to the adult connective tissues, consisting of star-shaped cells separated by large amounts of extracellular matrix, is A) ectoderm. B) epithelium. C) mesenchyme. D) hypoblast. Answer: C Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.13 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 63) Which tissue category contains tissues comprised of cells containing myofilaments? A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial Answer: A Section: 4.3 Book LO: 4.10 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 64) The primary contractile tissue of the heart characterizes tissues in this category. A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial Answer: A Section: 4.3 Book LO: 4.10 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 65) This type of tissue includes smooth and cardiac. A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial Answer: A Section: 4.3 Book LO: 4.10 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

66) A muscle fiber is A) the same as a collagen fiber that is viewed by electron microscopy. B) part of a striation of a muscle cell. C) a muscle cell. D) an intercalated disc. Answer: C Section: 4.3 Book LO: 4.10 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 67) This tissue type, in addition to certain muscle tissues, is capable of generating electrical impulses. A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial Answer: B Section: 4.4 Book LO: 4.11 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 68) The brain and spinal cord are composed primarily of this tissue type. A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial Answer: B Section: 4.4 Book LO: 4.11 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 69) Which one of the following basic types of tissues functions to regulate and control body functions? A) epithelial B) connective C) muscle D) nervous Answer: D Section: 4.4 Book LO: 4.11 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

70) Which of the following is not a characteristic of the inflammatory response? A) the margins of the wound are pulled together B) involves release of chemicals that cause local vasodilation C) occurs within connective tissue D) results in edema and delivery of chemicals needed for repair Answer: A Section: 4.5 Book LO: 4.12 Global LO: G7 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 71) Inflamed tissue is often warm to the touch because of A) accumulation of bacterial toxins. B) increased blood flow to the area. C) infiltration by neutrophils. D) leakage of clotting proteins. Answer: B Section: 4.5 Book LO: 4.12 Global LO: G7 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 72) The best definition of fibrosis is A) the production of collagen fibers. B) the production of elastic fibers. C) the formation of dense regular connective tissue. D) the formation of scar tissue. Answer: D Section: 4.5 Book LO: 4.12 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 73) During repair of a scrape or cut through the skin, a blood clot is replaced with collagen-rich granulation tissue in a process called A) inflammation. B) organization. C) repair. D) regeneration. Answer: B Section: 4.5 Book LO: 4.12 Global LO: G7 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

74) Which type of tissue is correctly matched with the embryonic tissue it is derived from? A) connective tissue — ectoderm B) nervous tissue — mesenchyme C) muscle tissue — ectoderm D) nervous tissue — endoderm E) connective tissue — mesenchyme Answer: E Section: 4.6 Book LO: 4.13 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 75) All of the following are consequences of aging in tissues of the body except A) decline in collagen in the body B) atrophy of muscles C) thickening of epithelium D) decreased speed of wound healing E) reduced nutrient delivery to tissues Answer: C Section: 4.6 Book LO: 4.14 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 4.2 True/False Questions 1) Multilayered epithelia are named for the cell shape found in the basal layer. Answer: FALSE Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 2) Microvilli are abundant on cells that function for absorption in the small intestine and the kidney. Answer: TRUE Section: 4.1 Book LO: 4.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 3) The cutaneous membrane is the skin. Answer: TRUE Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.9 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 22 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

4) Areolar connective tissue forms the lamina propria of mucous membranes. Answer: TRUE Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.8 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 5) Superficial fascia refers to the fatty hypodermis below the skin, whereas deep fascia are the sheets of tissue that wrap around muscles, large blood vessels, etc. Answer: TRUE Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.8 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 6) Much of the body's adipose tissue is found in the hypodermis. Answer: TRUE Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.8 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 7) Dense regular connective tissue is characterized by giving strength in all directions. Answer: FALSE Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.8 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 8) Dense regular connective tissue gains its strength from the multitude of actin fibers that make up the bulk of the matrix. Answer: FALSE Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.8 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 9) Unlike other connective tissues, bone is not considered to be a living tissue. Answer: FALSE Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.8 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

10) In bony tissues, chondrocytes are found in the lacunae. Answer: FALSE Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.8 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 11) In blood, the matrix is the liquid blood plasma. Answer: TRUE Section: 4.2 Book LO: 4.8 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 12) Cardiac muscle cells are connected to each other by intercalated discs. Answer: TRUE Section: 4.3 Book LO: 4.10 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 13) Skeletal muscle is characterized by obvious striations (seen microscopically) and multinucleate cells. Answer: TRUE Section: 4.3 Book LO: 4.10 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 14) Fibrosis involves the proliferation of a fibrous connective tissue called scar tissue. Answer: TRUE Section: 4.5 Book LO: 4.12 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 15) Connective tissue and muscle tissue are both derived from the embryonic tissue mesenchyme. Answer: TRUE Section: 4.6 Book LO: 4.13 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

4.3 Short Answer Questions 1) This is the sheet of tissue between the epithelium and the connective tissue below it. Answer: Basement Membrane 2) The basal lamina and a layer of ________ combine to form the basement membrane. Answer: reticular fibers 3) The smallest diameter blood vessels, capillaries are comprised of ________. Answer: simple squamous epithelium 4) A(n) ________ gland releases its products through ducts onto body surfaces or into body cavities. Answer: exocrine 5) Linker proteins in the extracellular space join cytoplasmic plaques on adjacent epithelial cells in this type of cell junction. Answer: desmosome 6) The disease scurvy results from a deficiency of vitamin C, leading to a disruption in the synthesis of ________ fibers. Answer: collagen 7) Elastic fibers are comprised of the protein ________. Answer: elastin 8) This type of fat is important in babies to aid in thermoregulation. Answer: brown fat 9) Deep ________ is a dense regular connective tissue that wraps around muscle groups, large vessels, and nerves. Answer: fascia 10) The outermost layers of intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis are comprised of this type of cartilage. Answer: fibrocartilage 11) Identify two different locations in the human body where elastic cartilage is found. Answer: Pinna of the ear, epiglottis of the larynx 12) This term refers to the accumulation of fluid at a site of inflammation. Answer: edema 13) Nervous tissue and ________ tissues are generally thought to lack the capability to regenerate. Answer: cardiac muscle 25 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

14) Stem cells may be characterized as being ________ cells; in other words, they can produce new tissue cells as needed. Answer: undifferentiated 15) After a wound has healed, the scar that remains is mostly composed of ________ fibers. Answer: collagen 4.4 Essay Questions 1) List at least four characteristics that distinguish epithelial tissues from other types of tissues. Answer: Epithelia are composed almost entirely of cells, have specialized contacts, have a free apical surface and a lower basal surface, are supported by underlying connective tissue, are avascular but innervated, and have a high capacity for regeneration. 2) Describe the classification of epithelial tissues. Answer: Epithelia may be simple (single layered) or stratified (in more than one layer). The cells that form it may be flat and platelike (squamous), roughly square (cuboidal), or tall and slender (columnar). 3) Describe the basal lamina, its location, composition, and function. Answer: The basal lamina lies between the epithelium and the connective tissue deep to it. It is a thin, noncellular sheet of proteins secreted by the epithelial cells. It functions as a selective filter. When the epithelium has been damaged or scraped off, the basal lamina aids in regeneration of the epithelium by serving as a scaffold for migrating epithelial cells. 4) Briefly outline the steps of tissue repair in a skin wound. Include in your response the terms organization, granulation, and regeneration. Answer: 1. An inflammatory response increases blood flow to the site of injury, which promotes the formation of a blood clot. 2. During the "organization" phase of tissue repair, blood vessels invade the clot and allow fibroblasts to arrive. These cells deposit collagen to tie the sides of the wound together with granulation tissue. 3. Macrophages dispose of bacteria, dead cells, and debris. 4. Regeneration involves the replacement of epithelium over the surface of the scar tissue. 5) Describe the medical potential seen for the use of stem cells. Answer: Stem cells may be used to "make" replacement tissues; may help to alleviate degenerative diseases; and could form new tissues, such as bone marrow cells, cardiac cells, and other tissues that have been damaged or have died. Further, they may be used to treat degenerative neurological tissues, because nerve tissue cannot effectively repair itself.

Human Anatomy, 9e, Marieb Test Bank Chapter 5 The Integumentary System 5.1 Multiple Choice Questions

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. 1) Which letter indicates projections from the dermis that reduce blister formation? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: E Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.1 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing

2) Which letter indicates a specialized sensory receptor? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: D Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.1 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 3) Which letter indicates the integument layer that corresponds to leather hides from an animal? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: B Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.1 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 4) Which letter indicates the integument layer that has no vascularization? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: A Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.1 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 5) Which letter indicates the integument layer composed of keratinized stratified squamous cells? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: A Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.1 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 2 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

6) Which primary layer of the skin contains melanocytes? A) dermis B) hypodermis C) epidermis Answer: C Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 7) Which layer of the integument contains the stratum basale? A) dermis B) hypodermis C) epidermis Answer: C Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 8) Which tissue layer deep to the integument acts as a shock and thermal insulator? A) dermis B) hypodermis C) epidermis Answer: B Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.3 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 9) Which primary layer of the skin provides a pink undertone to Caucasian skin? A) dermis B) hypodermis C) epidermis Answer: A Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

10) A localized deposit of melanin in the epidermis is called a mole or a A) pimple. B) freckle. C) blister. D) boil. Answer: B Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 11) Which connective tissue layer is discussed in the chapter on the integumentary system but is truly not a part of it? A) dermal papilla B) hair C) nail D) hypodermis Answer: D Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G7 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 12) Which of the following is a sensory receptor? A) keratinocyte B) melanocyte C) dendritic cell D) Pacinian corpuscle Answer: D Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.10 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 13) Which of the following is not a current hypothesis proposed for the evolution of skin color? A) preventing damage to DNA B) preventing damage to elastin C) protecting the level of folic acid D) protecting the level of vitamin D Answer: B Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.3 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

14) A(n) ________ responds to the movement of a single hair. A) arrector pili muscle B) hair matrix C) hair papilla D) root hair plexus Answer: D Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 15) The only cell type found superficial to the stratum spinosum in the epidermis is the A) keratinocyte. B) melanocyte. C) dendritic cell. D) tactile epithelial cell. Answer: A Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 16) A sebaceous gland is classified as a ________ gland. A) compound tubular B) simple tubular C) simple alveolar D) compound alveolar Answer: C Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 17) The epidermis is a keratinized ________ epithelium. A) compound columnar B) stratified squamous C) simple squamous D) simple areolar Answer: B Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

18) When doctors make incisions on the body based on the lines of cleavage of the skin, these cleavage lines are based on the arrangement of collagen fibers in which layer of the skin? A) dermis B) hypodermis C) epidermis Answer: A Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 19) Diffusion of chemicals from a transdermal patch must reach what layer of the skin to be effective? A) dermis B) hypodermis C) epidermis Answer: A Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 20) Which primary layer of the skin contains lamellated granules that aid in waterproofing? A) dermis B) hypodermis C) epidermis Answer: C Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 21) Light-skinned people have less melanin in the superficial layers of their epidermis because A) they are exposed to less UV radiation. B) they have fewer melanocytes. C) keratinocytes in their deeper layers rapidly digest melanin. D) their melanocytes produce a pinkish color melanin instead of brown. Answer: C Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing

22) ________ sweat glands begin to function at puberty and are involved in sexual signaling. A) apocrine. B) eccrine. C) sebaceous. D) holocrine. Answer: A Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 23) The integumentary structures that are derived from mesoderm and function in thermoregulation are A) nails. B) hair. C) sebaceous glands. D) arrector pili muscles. Answer: D Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 24) Identify the layer of the skin that contains most of the sensory receptors. A) dermis B) hypodermis C) epidermis Answer: A Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 25) Which epidermal cells are part of the immune system? A) melanocytes B) keratinocytes C) dendritic cells D) tactile epithelial cells Answer: C Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.1 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing

26) The papillary layer of the dermis consists of ________ connective tissue A) dense regular B) dense irregular C) reticular D) areolar E) adipose Answer: D Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 27) Visible stretch marks on the skin surface are actually the result of microscopic tears in collagen fibers in which layer? A) dermis B) hypodermis C) epidermis Answer: A Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 28) Which layer of the epidermis contains keratohyalin granules and lamellated granules? A) stratum basale B) stratum corneum C) stratum granulosum D) stratum spinosum Answer: C Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.9 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 29) The reticular layer of the dermis consists of ________ connective tissue. A) reticular B) stratified squamous C) dense regular D) dense irregular Answer: D Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing

30) In the thick skin of the palm, the layer of the epidermis directly deep to the stratum corneum is the stratum A) granulosum. B) basale. C) lucidum. D) spinosum. Answer: C Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 31) The coarse hairs in the skin of the perineum and axillary regions are all ________ hairs. A) pubic B) apocrine C) terminal D) vellus Answer: C Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 32) In addition to nourishing the epidermal cells, the dermal blood vessels function in A) thermoregulation. B) protection. C) sensory reception. D) Vitamin D production. Answer: A Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 33) "Goose bumps" on the skin are due to action of the A) arrector pili muscles. B) sweat glands. C) sebaceous glands. D) flexion creases. Answer: A Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.4 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing

34) Which is the most abundant and widespread type of sweat gland? A) eccrine B) apocrine C) holocrine D) endocrine Answer: A Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 35) When a blister forms due to friction, liquid pools between the epidermis and what other layer of the integument? A) dermis B) hypodermis C) epidermis Answer: A Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 36) If you were to have liposuction, you would have tissue removed from which layer? A) dermis B) hypodermis C) epidermis Answer: B Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.3 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 37) Which connective tissue layer s found deep to the dermis? A) dermis B) hypodermis C) epidermis Answer: B Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.3 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

38) The thickness of skin is determined by the presence of the stratum lucidum and the thickness of the A) papillary layer of the dermis. B) reticular layer of the dermis. C) stratum basale. D) stratum corneum. Answer: D Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.9 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 39) The subpapillary plexus A) nourishes the dermal papillae and epidermis. B) nourishes the hypodermis and reticular layer of the dermis. C) provides the sensation of fine touch. D) provides the sensation of deep pressure. Answer: A Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 40) The color of red or blonde hair is due to A) carotene. B) oxygenated hemoglobin. C) porphyrins. D) a different type of melanin. Answer: D Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 41) The black part of a blackhead is A) oxidized sebum. B) dirt. C) a growing hair stub. D) excreted carbon. Answer: A Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing

42) The appearance of wrinkles in skin with age is largely due to changes in the A) collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis. B) keratin of the epidermis. C) carotene in the epidermis. D) blood vessels in the dermis. Answer: A Section: 5.1 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 43) Since apocrine glands are almost inactive until puberty, they may function primarily in A) cooling the body. B) sexual signalling, under the influence of androgens. C) keeping hair from falling out. D) strengthening melanin in the skin. Answer: B Section: 5.2 Book LO: 5.12 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 44) Soft keratin is present in the A) epidermis. B) hair cuticles. C) dermis. D) body of the nails. Answer: A Section: 5.2 Book LO: 5.12 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 45) The white half-moon visible under the proximal part of a fingernail is the A) matrix. B) bed. C) lunule. D) cuticle. Answer: C Section: 5.2 Book LO: 5.8 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing

46) Cleavage lines A) are scars resulting from overstretching of the dermis. B) attach the dermis to underlying bone and muscle. C) form the pattern of epidermal ridges known as fingerprints. D) run parallel to the orientation of collagen bundles in the reticular layer. Answer: D Section: 5.2 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 47) Tattoos are permanent because A) Langerhans cells do not recognize the pigments as foreign. B) the melanocytes are altered to produce different colors. C) the pigments are injected in the dermis. D) the pigments are injected in the stratum basale, which continuously replaces the superficial layers that are sloughed off. Answer: C Section: 5.2 Book LO: 5.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 48) Which layer of the integument are toenails and fingernails derived from? A) dermis B) hypodermis C) epidermis Answer: C Section: 5.2 Book LO: 5.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. 49) Which letter indicates cells that produce melanin in the hair root? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: D Section: 5.2 Book LO: 5.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 50) Which letter indicates the portion of a hair that projects above the skin surface? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: A Section: 5.2 Book LO: 5.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

51) Which letter indicates the innermost portion of hair that is comprised of large epithelial cells and air spaces? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: C Section: 5.2 Book LO: 5.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 52) Which letter indicates the portion of the hair root that contains a single capillary cluster? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: E Section: 5.2 Book LO: 5.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 53) Which letter indicates a layer of cells that are derived from the epidermis? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: B Section: 5.2 Book LO: 5.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 54) Damage to the hair ________ would prevent hair growth. A) cortex B) cuticle C) matrix D) medulla Answer: C Section: 5.2 Book LO: 5.12 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 15 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.

55) Which statement is not part of the explanation for male pattern baldness? A) Cells of the hair matrix cease mitosis. B) Hair growth cycles shorten. C) Hair shafts may not reach the surface. D) Terminal hairs are replaced by vellus hairs. Answer: A Section: 5.2 Book LO: 5.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 56) Holocrine secretion A) differentiates the products of ceruminous and mammary glands from other sweat glands. B) involves the bursting of the glandular epithelial cell. C) produces a lipid-rich product that can be metabolized by bacteria. D) results from the exocytosis of protein-rich vesicles. Answer: B Section: 5.2 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 57) Which layer of the skin invaginates downward to form sebum-producing glands? A) dermis B) hypodermis C) epidermis Answer: C Section: 5.2 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 58) Is the human integumentary system best adapted for hot or cold climates? A) cold, because we have many skin features that keep us from overheating B) cold, because we have a thick hypodermis C) warm, because sweating cools us in hot climates but we would die in cold climates without clothing D) warm, because sebaceous glands aid us in hot climates but evaporative cooling would kill us in cold climates Answer: C Section: 5.2 Book LO: 5.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing

59) The cells in the skin that store the most melanin granules are A) dendritic cells. B) tactile epithelial cells. C) basal keratinocytes. D) melanocytes. Answer: C Section: 5.2 Book LO: 5.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Applying/Analyzing 60) The proximal nail fold is also called the nail's A) matrix. B) bed. C) lunule. D) eponychium. Answer: D Section: 5.2 Book LO: 5.8 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 61) The lunule, which represents the thickest part of the nail matrix is found at the A) body of the nail. B) eponychium. C) proximal part of the nail bed. D) dermis around the nail. Answer: C Section: 5.2 Book LO: 5.5 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 62) The most external layer of a hair shaft is the A) medulla. B) cuticle. C) cortex. D) epidermal root sheath. Answer: B Section: 5.2 Book LO: 5.2 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding

63) Since both hair and skin contain keratin, the hair shaft is most comparable to what part of the epidermis? A) stratum corneum B) melanocytes C) basal lamina D) stratum basale Answer: A Section: 5.2 Book LO: 5.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 64) Pimples begin A) as localized infections in the hypodermis. B) as tiny cuts and nicks in the skin. C) when bacteria enter sweat pores. D) when sebaceous glands become blocked by sebum. Answer: D Section: 5.2 Book LO: 5.6 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 65) An appendage or layer of the skin that does not develop from ectoderm is the A) stratum spinosum. B) hair follicle. C) stratum corneum. D) dermis. Answer: D Section: 5.2 Book LO: 5.7 Global LO: G2 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding 66) The type of skin cancer that is most common and has the lowest metastasis rate is A) basal cell carcinoma. B) squamous cell carcinoma. C) malignant melanoma. D) leukopenia. Answer: A Section: 5.3 Book LO: 5.12 Global LO: G1 Bloom's Level: Remembering/Understanding