Brown and Mulholland’s Drug Calculations: Ratio and Proportion Problems for Clinical Practice 12th Edition, Ann Tritak-Elmiger Contents: Chapter 1. General Mathematics Chapter 2. Ratio & Proportion Chapter 3. Safe Medication Administration Chapter 4. Medication Measurements and Oral Dose Calculations Chapter 5. Injectable Medication Calculations Chapter 6. Reconstitution of Medications form Powders and Crystals: Oral and Intramuscular Chapter 7. Basic Intravenous Therapy Calculations Chapter 8. Advanced Intravenous Calculations Chapter 9. Insulin Administration and Type 2 Diabetes Medications Chapter 10. Parenteral Nutrition Chapter 11. Anticoagulants Chapter 12. Children’s Dosages
Chapter 01: General Mathematics Brown and Mulholland’s Drug Calculations: Ratio and Proportion Problems for Clinical Practice, 12th Edition Tritak-Elmiger Test Bank
Directions: Solve the following problems. 1. Add and reduce to lowest terms: ANS:
2. Add: ANS:
3. Multiply and reduce to lowest terms: ANS:
4. Multiply and reduce to lowest terms: ANS:
5. Divide and reduce to lowest terms: ANS:
6. Divide and reduce to lowest terms: ANS:
7. Which is greater,
?
ANS:
8. Which is smaller, ANS:
9. Change to a decimal: ANS:
0.125 10. Change to a fraction: 0.008 ANS:
11. Which is smaller, 0.125 or 0.25? ANS:
0.125 12. Which is greater, 0.25 or 0.05? ANS:
0.25 13. Round to the nearest tenth: 3.124 ANS:
3.1 14. Round to the nearest hundredth: 0.42877 ANS:
0.43 15. Round to the nearest whole number: 5.742 ANS:
6
16. Round to the nearest ten thousandth: 0.576391 ANS:
0.5764 17. Divide 7.35 by 0.25. ANS:
29.4 18. Multiply 4.25 by 0.2. ANS:
0.85 19. Find 5% of 75. ANS:
0.05 75 = 3.75 (10% of 75 is 7.5; 5% would be one half of that) 20. Find 55% of 120. ANS:
0.55 120 = 66 (a little more than one half of 120) 21. Write
as a percentage and as a decimal.
ANS:
10%, 0.1 22. Write 0.05 as a fraction and as a percentage. ANS:
23. Write 85% as a fraction and as a decimal. ANS:
24. Change 1 ANS:
to an improper fraction.
25. Change
to a whole or mixed number.
ANS:
26. Which is larger, tens or tenths? ANS:
Tens 27. Write three hundred seventy seven thousandths as a decimal. ANS:
0.377 28. Make 150 mL of a 50% strength solution. How many mL of the solute will be needed? ANS:
75 mL Know Want to Know 1 mL : 2 mL = x mL : 150 mL 2x = 1 150 = 150 x = 75 mL Proof: 1 150 = 150 2 75 = 150 29. You need to make a 75% Betadine solution for a total of 250 mL. How much Betadine will
you need? ANS:
187.5 mL Know Want to Know 75 mL : 100 mL = x mL : 250 mL 3 : 4 = x : 250 4x = 3 250 = 750 4x = 750 mL x = 187.5 mL of Betadine. Add 62.50 mL of solution for a total of 250 mL. Proof: 3 250 = 750 4 187.5 = 750 30. You need to make a 10% solution of hydrogen peroxide for a total of 500 mL. You are using
normal saline (NS) as the solvent. How many mL of hydrogen peroxide will you need? ANS:
50 mL Know Want to Know 10 mL : 100 mL = x mL : 500 mL 1 : 10 = x mL : 500 mL 10x = 1 500 = 500 x = 50 mL of hydrogen peroxide. Add 450 mL of NS to make 500 mL of a 10% solution. Proof: 50 10 = 500 1 500 = 500 Directions: CALCULATING SOLUTIONS Health care professionals need to know how to prepare solutions from stock solutions. A solution consists of a solute (concentrate) plus a solvent (liquid). A solute can be either liquid or a powder, and a solvent can be either water or NS. The resulting reconstituted solution will be a weaker strength than the original. The strength of the solution is represented by a ratio of solute to solvent. Many times health care workers have to prepare solutions for irrigations, tube feedings, infant formulas, or perhaps cleaning solutions. This worksheet will give the student practice making up different types and strengths of solutions. Prepare a 100 mL of a
strength solution of hydrogen peroxide (solute) using NS (solvent).
This means one part hydrogen peroxide (solute) to three parts of NS (solvent). EXAMPLE: Know Want to Know 1 : 3 = x : 100 3x = 1 100 = 100 3x = 33.33 mL of the solute hydrogen peroxide needed Proof: 1 100 = 100 3 33.33 = 99.9 100 mL solution wanted 33.33 mL hydrogen peroxide 66.67 mL of NS 66.67 mL of NS added to the 33.33 mL of hydrogen peroxide yields 100 mL of a
strength
hydrogen peroxide solution for irrigation. 31. Prepare a 70% Betadine solution for traction pin care. Cleanse area twice daily with 10 mL of
a 70% Betadine solution with NS. a. How many mL of total solution will you prepare? b. How many mL of Betadine will be needed? c. How many mL of NS will you add? ANS:
a. 10 2 times per day = 20 mL of 70% Betadine solution should be prepared.
b. Know Want to Know 0.70 : 1 = x : 20 mL x = 0.70 20 = 140 x = 14 mL of Betadine needed Proof: 0.70 20 = 14.00 1 14 = 14 c. 20 mL needed 14 mL Betadine 6 mL NS added to make 20 mL of a 70% Betadine solution 32. Prepare 100 mL of a 10% strength solution of bleach for cleaning.
a. How many mL of bleach will be needed? b. How many mL of water will be needed? ANS:
a. Know Want to Know 1 : 10 = x : 100 10x = 100 x = 10 mL of bleach need Proof: 1 100 = 100 10 10 = 100 b. 100 mL total needed 10 mL bleach needed 90 mL of water added to make 100 mL of bleach solution 33. Make a
strength solution of hydrogen peroxide. Irrigate the wound with 100 mL of solution
4 times a day. a. How many total mL will be needed? b. How many mL of hydrogen peroxide will be needed? c. How many mL of sterile NS will be needed? ANS:
a. 100 mL 4 times per day = 400 mL of solution needed b. Know Want to Know 1 : 4 = x : 400 4x = 400 x = 100 mL of hydrogen per oxide needed
Proof: 1 400 = 400 4 100 = 400 c. 400 mL total needed 100 mL hydrogen peroxide 300 mL of sterile NS added to make 400 mL of
strength solution
34. Make 4 cups of a 20% vinegar solution for household cleaning.
a. How many total mL will you prepare? b. How many mL of vinegar will be needed? c. How many mL of water will be needed? ANS:
a. Know Want to Know 1 cup : 240 mL = 4 cups : x mL x = 240 4 = 960 x = 960 mL total solution needed Proof: 240 4 = 960 1 960 = 960 b. Know Want to Know 20 : 100 = x : 960 5x = 960 x = 192 mL of vinegar needed Proof: 5 192 = 960 1 960 = 960 c. 960 mL total solution needed 192 mL hydrogen peroxide 768 mL of water added a make a 20% solution 35. Make a 60% strength baking soda solution to clean your stainless steel sink. The directions
read: 200 mL of a 60% solution will clean five stainless steel appliances. a. How many mL of baking soda will you need? b. How many mL of water will you need? ANS:
a. Know Want to Know 0.60 : 1 = x : 200
x = 0.60 200 = 120 x = 120 mL of baking soda needed Proof: 0.60 200 = 120 120 1 = 120 b. 200 mL total solution needed 120 mL baking soda 80 mL of water added a make a 60% solution 36. Make a
strength drink of Ensure from a 12 oz. can.
a. How many mL are in 12 oz? b. How many mL of Ensure will be needed? c. How many mL of water will be needed? ANS:
a. Know Want to Know 1 oz : 30 mL = 12 oz : x mL x = 30 12 = 360 mL in 12 oz. Proof: 30 12 = 360 1 360 = 360 b. Know Want to Know 1 : 3 = x : 360 3x = 360 x = 120 mL of Ensure needed Proof: 1 360 = 360 3 120 = 360 c. 360 mL total needed 120 mL Ensure 240 mL of water needed to make a 37. Make a
strength drink
strength drink of Sustacal from a 10 oz can.
a. How many mL are in 10 oz? b. How many mL of Sustacal will be needed? c. How many mL of water will be needed? ANS:
a.
Know Want to Know 10 oz : 30 mL = 10 oz : x mL x = 30 10 = 300 x = 300 mL in 10 oz Proof: 30 10 = 300 1 300 = 300 b. Know Want to Know 3 : 4 = x : 300 4x = 3 300 = 900 x = 225 mL of Sustacal needed Proof: 3 300 = 900 4 225 = 900 c. 300 mL total needed 225 mL Sustacal 75 mL of water needed to make a 38. Make a
strength drink
strength drink of 360 mL of Isomil.
a. How many mL of Isomil will be needed? b. How many mL of water will be added? ANS:
a. Know Want to Know 1 : 2 = x : 360 2x = 360 x = 180 mL of Isomil needed Proof: 1 360 = 360 2 180 = 360 b. 360 mL total needed 180 mL of Isomil 180 mL of water added to Isomil to make a 39. Make a
strength drink
strength drink from a 12 oz. can of Ensure.
a. How many total mL of Ensure is 12 oz? b. How many mL of Ensure will be needed?
c. How many mL of water will be added? ANS:
a. Know Want to Know 1 oz : 30 mL = 12 oz : x mL x = 30 12 = 360 mL x = 360 mL in 12 oz Proof: 30 12 = 360 1 360 = 360 b. Know Want to Know 2 : 3 = x : 360 3x = 2 360 = 720 x = 240 mL of Ensure needed Proof: 2 360 = 720 3 240 = 720 c. 360 mL total needed 240 mL of Ensure 120 mL of water added to make a 40. Prepare 400 mL of a
strength drink
strength drink of Sustacal for each nasogastric feeding 3 times daily.
a. How many total mL will be needed? b. How many total mL of Sustacal will be needed for the three feedings? c. How many mL of water will be needed? ANS:
a. 400 mL 3 times daily = 1200 mL b. Know Want to Know 3 : 4 = x : 1200 4x = 3 1200 = 3600 x = 900 mL of Sustacal needed Proof: 2 1200 = 3600 4 900 = 3600 c. 1200 mL total need for three feedings 900 mL of Sustacal needed
300 mL of water added to make a
strength drink
Directions: Change the following fractions to ratios in lowest terms. 41. ANS:
3:4 42. ANS:
1:2 43. ANS:
2:3 44. ANS:
1:4 45.45. ANS:
1:2 Directions: Change the following ratios to fractions and reduce to the lowest terms. 46. 5 : 25 ANS:
47. 5 : 100 ANS:
48. 3 : 9 ANS:
49. 4 : 12 ANS:
50. 50 : 200 ANS:
Directions: Change the following percentages to fractions and reduce to the lowest terms. 51. 5% ANS:
52. 10% ANS:
53. 4.5% ANS:
54. 7.6% ANS:
55. 20% ANS:
Directions: Change the following percentages to ratios and reduce to lowest terms. 56. 8% ANS:
8 : 100 = 2:25 57. 10% ANS:
10 : 100 = 1 : 10 58. 0.9% ANS:
9 : 1000 59. 0.45% ANS:
45 : 10,000 = 9 : 2000 60. 50% ANS:
50 : 100 = 1 : 2 Directions: Change the following ratios to lowest term fractions and cross multiply. 61. 1 : 4 = 16 : x ANS:
62. 1 : 3 = 80 : x ANS:
63. 1 : 3 = 60 : x ANS:
64. 25 : 75 = 10 : x ANS:
65. 80 : 20 = 120 : x ANS:
Chapter 02: Ratio and Proportion Brown and Mulholland’s Drug Calculations: Ratio and Proportion Problems for Clinical Practice 12th Edition, Ann Tritak-Elmiger ESSAY
Directions: Solve the following problems. 1. Solve for x, and prove your answer: 2 : 5 = 10 : x ANS:
x = 25 Know Want to Know 2 : 5 = 10 : x
x = 25 Proof: 2 25 = 50 5 10 = 50 2. Solve for x, and prove your answer: 3 : 10 = 6 : x ANS:
x = 20 Know Want to Know 3 : 10 = 6 : x
x = 25 Proof: 3 20 = 60 10 6 = 60 Directions: Set up a ratio and proportion in each of the following problems. Label and prove your answers. 3. There are 20 patient beds contained in each hospital unit. How many units would there be for
a hospital with a 300-bed capacity? ANS:
15 units Know Want to Know 20 beds : 1 unit = 300 beds : x units