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A Topical Approach to Lifespan Development, 11th Edition John Santrock Test Bank Contents: Section 1: The Life-Span Perspective Chapter 1. Introduction Section 2: Biological Processes, Physical Development, and Health Chapter 2. Biological Beginnings Chapter 3. Physical Development and Biological Aging Chapter 4. Health Chapter 5. Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development Section 3: Cognitive Processes and Development Chapter 6. Cognitive Developmental Approaches Chapter 7. Information Processing Chapter 8. Intelligence Chapter 9. Language Development Section 4: Socioemotional Processes and Development Chapter 10. Emotional Development and Attachment Chapter 11. The Self, Identity, and Personality Chapter 12. Gender and Sexuality Chapter 13. Moral Development, Values, and Religion Section 5: Social Contexts of Development Chapter 14. Families, Relationships, and Parenting Chapter 15. Peers and the Sociocultural World Chapter 16. Schools, Achievement, and Work Section 6: Endings Chapter 17. Death, Dying, and Grieving

Test Bank A Topical Approach to Lifespan Development, 11th Edition John Santrock

The Life-Span Perspective 1. (p. 5)

2. (p. 6)

3. (p. 6)

CHAPTER 1: Introduction Life-span development covers the period from A. birth; middle adulthood B. birth; old age C. conception; early adulthood D. conception; death

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #1 Topic: Studying Life-Span Development

Which of the following gives the BEST description of how life-span psychologists describe "development"? A. growth and decline in skills and processes B. growth and decline in skills and processes from birth to adolescence C. growth in skills and processes D. decline in skills and processes APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #2 Topic: Studying Life-Span Development

Life-span development is the study of human development from conception to death. Historically, however, most of the focus has been on which age group? A. children and adolescents B. young adults C. middle-aged adults D. the elderly APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #3 Topic: Studying Life-Span Development

4. (p. 6)

The upper boundary of the human lifespan is A. 105 B. 117 C. 122 D. 131

years.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #4 Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective

5. (p. 6)

Although the maximum life span of humans has not changed, during the twentieth century, life expectancy A. in the U.S. has increased by 15 years. B. in the world has increased by 15 years. C. in the U.S. has increased by 30 years. D. in the world has increased by 30 years. APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #5 Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective

(p. 6)

According to life-span development expert Paul Baltes, which age period dominates development? A. infancy–childhood B. adolescence–early adulthood C. middle-aged to late adulthood D. No single age group dominates development.

(p. 6)

10.

(p. 6)

Diana feels that her human development course overemphasizes the changes that occur from birth to adolescence and disregards the developmental issues of adulthood. Which developmental perspective would address her concerns? A. traditional B. life-span C. ethological D. ecological

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #7 Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective

Some professors want to teach about the life-span approach in a Human Development course, whereas others want to keep the traditional developmental approach. They disagree about A. the plasticity of development. B. the multidimensional nature of development. C. whether development is lifelong. D. whether development is multidirectional.

Baltes describes development as multidirectional. What does this mean? A. Development is not dominated by any single age period. B. Development consists of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional dimensions. C. Development is characterized by both growth and decline. D Development needs psychologists, sociologists, biologists, and neuroscientists to work together in . unlocking the mysteries of development.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #9 Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective

Kathy believes that life-span development cannot be studied without considering biological, social, and cognitive aspects. Kathy believes that development is A. lifelong. B. multidirectional. C. multidimensional. D. plastic.

11.

(p. 6)

12.

(p. 6-7)

13.

(p. 6-7)

14.

(p. 6-7)

15.

(p. 7)

Researchers increasingly study the development of adulthood. This implies that development is A. lifelong. B. multidisciplinary. C. multidirectional. D. contextual. APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #11 Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective

Which of the following is NOT one of Paul Baltes' eight characteristics of the life-span perspective on development? A. lifelong and multidirectional B. multidimensional and plastic C. contextual D. unidirectional

Many older adults become wiser by calling on experiential knowledge, yet they perform poorly on cognitive speed tests. This is an example of how development is A. plastic. B. contextual. C. multidimensional. D. multidirectional.

The capacity for acquiring second and third languages decreases after early childhood, whereas experiential wisdom increases with age. This is an example of how development is A. lifelong. B. multidisciplinary. C. multidirectional. D. contextual.

Which of the following is an example of how development is contextual? A. Reasoning ability is biologically finite and cannot be improved through retraining. B. Parents in the United States are more likely to rear their children to be independent than parents in Japan. C. Older adults call on experience to guide their decision making. D. Intelligence may be studied by looking at genetics, anthropology, sociology, and other disciplines.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #15 Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective

16.

(p. 7)

17.

(p. 7)

18.

(p. 7)

19.

(p. 7)

20.

In the United States, most individuals begin school around age 5, whereas in Australia they start at 3. This is an illustration of how development is A. lifelong. B. multidisciplinary. C. multidirectional. D. contextual. APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #16 Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective

Normative age-graded influences, normative history-graded influences, and nonnormative life events are all ways in which development can be classified as A. multidirectional. B. multidimensional. C. contextual. D. plastic.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #17 Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective

Anna attributes her thriftiness to having been raised during the Great Depression. This is an example of a A. nonnormative life event. B. normative history-graded influence. C. normative age-graded influence. D. nonnormative age-graded influence.

The fact that I use e-mail virtually every day and my mother has never sent or received an e-mail is an example of a difference in A. normative history-graded influences. B. nonnormative life events. C. normative age-graded influences. D. nonnormative age-graded influence.

Biological processes such as puberty and menopause are A. nonnormative life events. B. normative age-graded influences. C. normative history-graded influences. D. normative contextual influences.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #20 Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective

21.2 1 . (p. 8)

22.2 2. (p. 8)

Neleh was on a popular reality TV show and got widespread exposure. This is an example of a A. nonnormative life event. B. normative age-graded influence. C. normative history-graded influence. D. normative contextual influence. APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #21 Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective

Lauro is 83 years old. Much of his development will now focus on A. growth and maintenance. B. maintenance and regulation of loss. C. regulation of loss. D. growth and regulation of loss.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #22 Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective

23.2 3. (p. 9)

Contemporary concerns in life-span development perspective include A. health and well-being issues. B. parenting and education issues. C. sociocultural, ethnicity, gender, and policy issues. D. All of these answers are correct.

24.2 4. (p. 10)

25.2 5. (p. 10)

Of special consideration for social policy intervention are children who grow up A. in poverty. B. in single-parent homes. C. addicted to heroin. D. as part of a minority group.

Children living in poverty are more likely to A. be separated from a parent. B. be exposed to violence. C. be exposed to family turmoil. D. be in all these situations.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #25 Topic: Contemporary Concerns

26.2 6. (p. 10)

27.2 7. (p. 11)

The U.S. percentage of children living in poverty is A. only half as much as some other industrialized nations. B. more than twice as much as that in Canada. C. lowest among the industrial countries. D. not high enough to draw people’s concerns. APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #26 Topic: Contemporary Concerns

A primary concern in relation to social policy for older adults is the A. increasing numbers who live in poverty. B. increase in elder abuse. C. failure of the health care system to address their needs. D. need for funding public pensions.

28.2 8. (p. 13)

At age 3, Jillian is beginning to engage her imagination. This is the span development. A. ecological B. biological C. socioemotional D. cognitive

process of Jillian's life-

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes; periods; and issues in development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #28 Topic: Cognitive Processes

29.2 9. (p. 13)

Diego feels a strong happiness that he never had before as he holds his newborn child. This signifies development in the process. A. neurological B. biological C. socioemotional D. cognitive

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes; periods; and issues in development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #29 Topic: Socioemotional Processes

30.3 0. (p. 13)

Doctors measure and chart a baby's height, weight, and head growth at each medical checkup. What processes are being tracked? A. abstract B. biological C. socioemotional D. cognitive

31.3 1. (p. 13)

Which of the following statements BEST describes the relationship between biological, cognitive, and socioemotional development? A. These processes develop independently of one another. B. The development of these processes is intricately interwoven. C. Social development is independent of biological and cognitive development. D. Cognitive development sets the upper limits for biological and social development. APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes; periods; and issues in development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #31 Topic: Biological Processes

32.3 2. (p. 14)

The developmental period during which a being grows from a single cell to an organism complete with brain and behavioral capabilities in 9 months is called A. prenatal. B. infancy. C. early childhood. D. middle childhood.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes; periods; and issues in development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #32 Topic: Periods of Development

33.3 3. (p. 14)

Children in preschool years become more self-sufficient and can care for themselves. What period of development are they in? A. prenatal B. infancy C. early childhood D. middle/late childhood

34.3 4. (p. 14)

35.3 5. (p. 14)

Alec is almost completely dependent on his parents and is beginning to develop his language and sensorimotor coordination. What period of development is he most likely in? A. prenatal B. infancy C. early childhood D. middle/late childhood

The period of early childhood ends when the child A. is toilet trained. B. learns to dress herself. C. starts first grade. D. has mastered reading, writing, and arithmetic.

36.3 6. (p. 14)

Jen has mastered the fundamental skills of how to read and write. What period of development is she most likely in? A. middle childhood B. late childhood C. adolescence D. primary years APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes; periods; and issues in development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #36 Topic: Periods of Development

37.3 7. (p. 15)

Most traditional college students are considered to be in what developmental period? A. late childhood B. emerging adulthood C. early adulthood D. middle adulthood

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes; periods; and issues in development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #37 Topic: Periods of Development

38.3 8. (p. 16)

Paulo is struggling to juggle school, work, and relationships while he is beginning to become more independent and responsible. What period of development is he most likely in? A. late childhood B. adolescence C. early adulthood D. middle adulthood

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes; periods; and issues in development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #38 Topic: Periods of Development

Len feels greatly contented in his career. He has more time to spend with his family, contribute to community activities, and mentor young people. What period of development is he most likely in? 39.3 9. (p. 16)

A. late adulthood B. middle adulthood C. early adulthood D. stability and regulation APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes; periods; and issues in development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #39 Topic: Periods of Development

40.4 0. (p. 16)

Margaret spends a lot of time thinking about the choices she has made in her life and the events she has witnessed. However, she needs to pay more attention to her health condition. Margaret is most likely in A. late adolescence. B. early adulthood. C. middle adulthood. D. late adulthood.

41.4 1. (p. 16)

42.4 2. (p. 16)

At what age do most people claim to be happiest in the U.S.? A. 19 years B. 25 years C. 42 years D. 88 years APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes; periods; and issues in development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #41 Topic: Age and Happiness

At what age do people enter the "oldest old" age group? A. 50 years B. 65 years C. 75 years D. 85 years

43.4 3. (p. 16)

What developmental period is marked by sizeable losses in cognitive potential, chronic stress, and frailty? A. oldest old B. young old C. late adulthood D. middle adulthood

44.4 4. (p. 16)

Each fall, the choir teacher faces the task of retraining the deepening voices of some of his male students. What period of development are these students most likely in? A. middle childhood B. adolescence C. young adulthood D. late childhood

45.4 5. (p. 18)

Leo is 65 years old. He is coping well with his change of lifestyle and is highly motivated to learn new things. Leo is young in his age. A. social B. biological C. chronological D. psychological

46.4 6. (p. 18)

47.4 7. (p. 18)

Which of the following is NOT a commonly conceptualized way of viewing age? A. biological age B. cognitive age C. social age D. psychological age APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes; periods; and issues in development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #46 Topic: Conceptions of Age

Becoming a grandmother is an example of A. biological B. cognitive C. social D. psychological

age.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes; periods; and issues in development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #47 Topic: Conceptions of Age

48.4 8. (p. 18)

49.4 9. (p. 18)

Mrs. B is a 66-year-old. She dreads retirement, saying that she has no hobbies and no ideas about how she will structure her new abundance of time. She is experiencing difficulty with her age. A. biological B. social C. chronological D. psychological

The functional capacities of a person's vital organ system indicate A. chronological B. biological C. psychological D. social

age.

50.5 0. (p. 18)

Jerry is 60 years old and is training for his first marathon. He has strong muscles and is in perfect health. Jerry is relatively young in his age. A. chronological B. biological C. psychological D. social

51.5 1. (p. 18)

A person's adaptive capacities compared with those of other individuals of the same chronological age are called age. A. psychological B. social C. biological D. coping APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes; periods; and issues in development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #51 Topic: Conceptions of Age

52.5 2. (p. 19)

53.5 3. (p. 19)

Brent has a son diagnosed with ADHD and believes that this is primarily due to genetics, given that his father had ADHD as well. Brent most likely believes that ADHD is primarily influenced by A. nature. B. nurture. C. stability. D. continuity.

In the nature/nurture debate, one's to "nurture." A. biological inheritance; environment B. age; environment C. biological inheritance; behavior D. environment; biological inheritance

is related to "nature," while one's

is related

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes; periods; and issues in development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #53 Topic: Nature and Nurture

54.5 4. (p. 19)

During her intake interview, Jody's psychiatrist asks for a familial history of mental disorders, as well as for details about her childhood friends, neighborhood, and schools. The psychiatrist is gathering information related to the influence of on development. A. biology and environment B. biology C. environment D. cognitive acuity and coping skills

55.5 5. (p. 19)

Although Angie was somewhat irresponsible as a teen, she changed her ways when she entered college and leased her first apartment. This example relates to the developmental issue of A. stability and nature. B. stability and change. C. continuity and discontinuity. D. nature and nurture.

56.5 6. (p. 19)

57.5 7. (p. 19)

In the final analysis, most developmentalists tend to believe that A. development is more continuous than discontinuous. B. for the most part, people can't change. C. nature is more important than nurture. D development is influenced by nature and nurture, and is characterized by continuity and . discontinuity, and also by stability and change. APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes; periods; and issues in development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #56 Topic: Nature and Nurture Topic: Stability and Change

The life-span development concept of plasticity aligns most closely with which of the following? A. stability B. change C. nature D. nurture

58.5 8. (p. 19)

Reactive Attachment Disorder is thought to be a lifelong condition caused by a lack of nurturing care during the early years of life. This diagnosis aligns with the developmental issue of A. stability. B. change. C. nature. D. discontinuity.

59.5 9. (p. 19)

Tammy was shy as a child but became more outgoing and confident when she attended a university far from her hometown. This is an example of which developmental issue? A. multidirectionality B. multidimensionality C. nature and nurture D. stability and change

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes; periods; and issues in development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #59 Topic: Stability and Change

60.6 0. (p. 19)

The controversy of stability versus change is closely linked to which of the following concepts? A. plasticity. B. contextualism. C. multidimensionalism. D. multidirectionality.

61.6 1. (p. 21)

Conceptualize a problem to be studied, collect data, analyze data, and draw conclusions. These steps describe A. discontinuity in development. B. the scientific method. C. a hypothesis. D. a theory. APA Outcome: 2.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #61 Topic: Scientific Method

62.6 2. (p. 21)

63.6 3. (p. 21)

64.6 4. (p. 21)

65.6 5. (p. 21)

Nala decides to explore teenage pregnancy prevention for her Master's thesis. According to the scientific method, what should be her first step in getting started? A. Analyze the information she has gathered. B. Draw conclusions from the collected data. C. Conceptualize the problem to be studied. D. Begin to collect information.

APA Outcome: 2.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #62 Topic: Scientific Method

Which of the following statements is NOT true of a theory? A. A theory is an interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps explain phenomena. B. A theory is an interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps make predictions. C. When studying a topic, it is advisable to choose one developmental theory and disregard all others. D. A theory is an interrelated, coherent set of ideas that suggests hypotheses.

APA Outcome: 2.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #63 Topic: Scientific Method

Psychoanalytic theories hold that development primarily depends on A. the unconscious mind. B. thinking, reasoning, language, and other cognitive processes. C. behavior's link to environment. D. biology and evolution.

Psychoanalytic theories stress what in development? A. the child’s cognitive creativity B. genes inherited from parents C. late experiences with parents D. early experiences with parents

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #64 Topic: Psychoanalytic Theory

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #65 Topic: Psychoanalytic Theory

66.66. Ben has repressed his sexual urges and has started to develop social and intellectual skills. Ben is in (p. 21-22) the psychosexual stage called the stage. A. phallic B. anal C. latency D. oral APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #66 Topic: Freuds Theory

67.67. Erikson's theory emphasizes which of the following aspects of human development? (p. 21-22) A. experiences in early life B. psychosexual C. experiences in late life D. psychosocial

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #67 Topic: Eriksons Psychosocial Theory

68.68. Each stage in Erikson's theory presents a crisis that must be resolved. These crises are (p. 22) A. developmental landmarks with increased vulnerability. B. developmental landmarks with both increased vulnerability and enhanced potentials. C. catastrophic events that toughen the individual for future crises. D. developmental landmarks with enhanced potentials.

69.6 9. (p. 22)

According to Erikson, a preschooler is in the A. trust versus mistrust B. initiative versus guilt C. industry versus inferiority D. identity versus identity confusion

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #68 Topic: Eriksons Psychosocial Theory

stage.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #69 Topic: Eriksons Psychosocial Theory

70.7 0. (p. 22)

At the airport, 4-year-old Kelly’s mom encourages her to help with dragging the bags off the luggage carousel. According to Erikson's stage theory, Kelly's mom is helping Kelly develop A. trust. B. her identity. C. initiative. D. altruism.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #70 Topic: Eriksons Psychosocial Theory

71.7 1. (p. 22)

The successful outcome of Erikson's stage of A. autonomy versus shame and doubt B. initiative versus guilt C. industry versus inferiority D. identity versus identity confusion

results in a healthy sense of independence.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #71 Topic: Eriksons Psychosocial Theory

72.7 2. (p. 23)

Piaget theorized that children move through distinct stages of cognitive development, with each stage being qualitatively different from the one preceding. His theory reflects which aspect of developmental philosophy? A. discontinuity B. multidirectionality C. stability D. nature

APA Outcome: 2.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #72 Topic: Piagets Cognitive Development Theory

73.7 3. (p. 23)

If you believe that development occurs in stages, and you focus on cognitive development in an attempt to explain how children actively construct their own view of the world, then your personal theory is most similar to that of A. Vygotsky. B. Piaget. C. Erikson. D. Freud.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #73 Topic: Piagets Cognitive Development Theory

74.7 4. (p. 24)

While maintaining that children actively construct their knowledge, Vygotsky focused on explaining child cognitive development. A. social interaction. B. concrete operations. C. formal operations. D. organization and adaptation.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #74 Topic: Vygotskys Sociocultural Cognitive Theory

75.7 5. (p. 24)

Carlos is just starting to learn about the world. According to Vygotsky’s sociocultural cognitive theory, what is the most important tool he will use to do this? A. mobility B. sensory perceptions C. language D. information-processing

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #75 Topic: Vygotskys Sociocultural Cognitive Theory

76.7 6. (p. 24)

Who among the following is a cognitive theorist? A. Vygotsky B. Freud C. Erikson D. Both Freud and Erikson were cognitive theorists. APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #76 Topic: Vygotskys Sociocultural Cognitive Theory

77.7 7. (p. 24)

The information-processing approach to development is mainly concerned with A. the influence of culture on development. B. how people interpret and use knowledge. C. the influence of age on learning. D. the influence of biology and evolution on an individual's development.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #77 Topic: Information-Processing Theory

78.7 8. (p. 25)

Which of the following theories emphasizes that people manipulate and monitor information and strategize about it? A. ethological theory B. Piaget's cognitive development theory C. information-processing theory D. psychoanalytic theory

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #78 Topic: Information-Processing Theory

79.7 9. (p. 25)

Which of the following theories is NOT a stage theory and claims that development is continuous rather than discontinuous? A. Erikson's theory of psychosocial development B. Freud's theory of personality development C. the information-processing theory D. Piaget's theory of cognitive development

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #79 Topic: Information-Processing Theory

80.8 0. (p. 25)

Skinner claimed that we should only study that which can be A. observed; measured B. observed; changed C. learned; changed D. rewarded; punished

and

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #80 Topic: Skinners Operant Conditioning

81.81. Nathan bites his hand frequently throughout the day. According to Skinner, the BEST way to solve (p. 25) this problem is to A. explore experiences from Nathan's early childhood. B. administer an IQ test to determine Nathan's cognitive potential. C. determine how Nathan's expectations about success have led him to develop this behavior. D.show disapproval responses whenever Nathan bites his hand, and provide encouragement when he refrains from doing so. APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #81 Topic: Skinners Operant Conditioning

82.82. Which theory would provide the BEST support for your belief in using incentives and time-outs as (p. 25) ways to help children behave? A. Skinner's behaviorism B. Piaget's cognitive theory C. Erikson's psychosocial stages D. Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #82 Topic: Skinners Operant Conditioning

83.83. Which of the following is a criticism of behavioral and social cognitive theories? (p. 25) A. devotes inadequate attention to environmental determinants B. devotes inadequate attention to developmental changes C. devotes inadequate attention to behavioral changes D. devotes inadequate attention to how people learn

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #83 Topic: Banduras Social Cognitive Theory

84.84. A major common characteristic shared by behavioral and social cognitive theories is (p. 26) A. developmental changes. B. environmental influences on behavior. C. the role of unconsciousness in behavior. D. the role of cognition in development.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #84 Topic: Banduras Social Cognitive Theory Topic: Skinners Operant Conditioning

85.85. Justine repeats a phrase she has heard older students use at recess. This is an example of (p. 25-26) A. Erikson's developmental crises. B. Piaget's cognitive stages. C. Skinner's operant conditioning. D. Bandura's social learning.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #85 Topic: Banduras Social Cognitive Theory

86.86. Mrs. Jones uses spanking as the primary method of discipline in her household. A social cognitive (p. 25-26) theorist would say that her children will most likely A. learn quickly not to disobey. B. learn to hit others in similar situations. C. become well-behaved people. D. rebel and become more disobedient. APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #86 Topic: Banduras Social Cognitive Theory

87.87. The process by which some organisms become attached to the first moving object they see is called (p. 26)

A. positive reinforcement. B. bonding. C. sensitive period. D. imprinting. APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #87 Topic: Ethological Theory

88.88. Which theory most strongly emphasizes the role of biology and evolution in development? (p. 26) A. ecological B. behavioral C. cognitive D. ethological

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #88 Topic: Ethological Theory

89.89. Amy will be having her first child soon. She insists that she be the first to see and hold her baby after (p. 26) delivery in order to foster bonding. Her belief is consistent with which theory? A. cognitive B. ecological C. ethological D. behavioral

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #89 Topic: Ethological Theory

90.90. Janice found that baby geese recognize the first thing they see as their mother. Which theory would (p. 26) this observation support? A. ecological B. social learning C. ethological D. cognitive

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #90 Topic: Ethological Theory

91.9 1. (p. 26)

Infants raised in orphanages may not develop a positive and secure attachment to a caregiver in their first year of life. According to John Bowlby, what might the consequences of this be? A. The infant will bond to the first moving object seen after birth. B. Life-span development will likely not be optimal. C. As long as the child is adopted by age 10, no negative effects will be experienced. D. The outcome will depend on the child's temperament. APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #91 Topic: Ethological Theory

92.9 2. (p. 27)

93.9 3. (p. 27)

While ethology stresses biological factors in human development, ecological theory emphasizes the role of A. cognition. B. parental genes. C. the environment. D. evolution.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #92 Topic: Ecological Theory

Ecological theory has been criticized for paying too little attention to A. environmental settings. B. biological foundations. C. social considerations. D. microdimensions of culture.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #93 Topic: Ecological Theory

94.9 4. (p. 27)

Joe is the second of seven children in his very conservative family. Jackie is the only child of liberal parents. When we compare such differences in studying their ecological systems, we are focusing on the difference in . A. microsystem B. mesosystem C. exosystem D. macrosystem

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #94 Topic: Ecological Theory

95.9 5. (p. 27)

Shawn's job requires lots of travel, and the demands of his job are affecting his marriage and his child’s attachment relations with him. This type of interaction illustrates Bronfenbrenner's concept of a A. microsystem. B. exosystem. C. chronosystem. D. macrosystem.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #95 Topic: Ecological Theory

96.96. Baltes' assertion that development is contextual best fits with which developmental theory? (p. 27-28) A. psychoanalytic B. social cognitive C. ecological D. ethological APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #96 Topic: Ecological Theory

97.97. Recent changes in the Medicare system have affected the quality of health care that David's elderly (p. 27) mother receives. These changes do not affect David directly, but Bronfenbrenner would say they affect David's development because they are part of David's A. microsystem. B. mesosystem. C. exosystem. D. macrosystem.

98.9 8. (p. 28)

99.9 9. (p. 28)

An eclectic theoretical orientation assumes that A. development is a predictable and rigid process.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #97 Topic: Ecological Theory

B. no single theory can account for all of human development. C. the different developmental theories are all correct and complete within their own contexts. D. contemporary theories are more accurate than those created before 1950. APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #98 Topic: Eclectic Theoretical Orientation

A social worker is helping Brody by applying Skinner's theory to reward Brody for his efforts, Erikson's theory to understand the identity and intimacy crises that Brody is facing, and Bronfenbrenner's theory to understand how environmental contexts and interactions will affect Brody's development. What theoretical approach is the social worker using? A. dynamic B. eclectic C. fragmented D. ethological

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #99 Topic: Eclectic Theoretical Orientation

100.1 0 0 . (p. 28)

The textbook states that no single theory can account for the complexity of human development. Which theoretical approach does this statement advocate? A. eclectic B. life-span C. psychoanalytic D. social learning

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #100 Topic: Eclectic Theoretical Orientation

101.1 A researcher uses a video camera to record children as they play on a school playground. This 0 researcher is conducting a 1. A. case study. (p. 29-30) B. naturalistic observation. C. standardized test. D. survey. APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #101 Topic: Observation

Which of the following is NOT a reason for conducting an observation in a natural setting rather than in a laboratory? 102.1 A. In a laboratory setting, the subjects likely know they are being observed. 0 B. The observation will be more controlled if done in a natural setting. 2. C. participants will behave more naturally in a natural setting. (p. 29-30) D. A laboratory setting may unfairly represent certain populations.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #102 Topic: Observation

Dr. Sam collects data on how often strangers approach one another by sitting at the park on weekend afternoons and jotting down what people do. One strength of this observational approach is that it A. occurs in a real-world setting. B. involves a structured set of interview questions. 103.1 C. allows for a great deal of control over the observational setting. 0 D. shows how people behave when they know they are being observed. 3. APA Outcome: 1.3 (p. 30)

104.1 0 4. (p. 30)

105.1 0 5 . (p. 30)

Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #103 Topic: Naturalistic Observation

Which method is being used when market researchers call consumers on the telephone to ask about certain products used in the home? A. case study B. standardized test C. naturalistic observation D. interview

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #104 Topic: Survey and Interview

What is the main problem with survey research? A. It is expensive to conduct. B. Participants may give inaccurate responses. C. It is only biased or unclear. D. It cannot be conducted in a laboratory setting.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #105 Topic: Survey and Interview

106.1 Which of the following is NOT a weakness associated with standardized tests? 0 A. People may behave differently in different settings. 6. B. Their use assumes that people’s behaviors are consistent and stable. (p. 30) C. People’s performances may be influenced by their emotions in different settings. D. They allow an individual’s performance to be compared with that of another. APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #106 Topic: Standardized Test

Which of the following is NOT a drawback of using a case study to explore a developmental issue?

107.1 A. The unique aspects of one person’s life cannot be tested in other individuals. 0 B. Conclusions of case studies have limited reliability. 7. C. Conclusions drawn from case studies are unique and cannot be generalized to other members of a (p. 30-31) population. D.It may focus on nearly any aspect of the participant’s life for the researcher to understand the person’s mind and behavior. APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #107 Topic: Case Study Topic: Physiological Measures

A researcher chooses to study one pregnant teen in great detail by taking frequent measures of her behavior, thoughts, and feelings. Which method does this researcher use? A. case study B. questionnaire 108.1 C. standardized test 0 D. naturalistic observation 8. APA Outcome: 1.3 (p. 30-31)

109.1 0 9.

(p. 30-31)

110.1 1 0 . (p. 31)

Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #108 Topic: Case Study

Someone with an extremely rare condition, like lycanthropy, would most likely be studied using what method? A. questionnaire B. survey C. case study D. naturalistic observation

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #109 Topic: Case Study

Assessment of hormones in the bloodstream is a type of A. physiological measure. B. standardized test. C. case study. D. naturalistic observation.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #110 Topic: Physiological Measures

111.1 1 1 . (p. 32)

Which research design aims to observe and record behavior? A. experimental B. descriptive C. correlational D. All of these answers are correct. APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #111 Topic: Descriptive Research

If it is shown that people who eat bananas are more likely to have diabetes, it does not necessarily mean that bananas cause diabetes because does not equal . A. experimentation; causation 112.1 B. experimentation; correlation 1 C. causation; correlation 2 D. correlation; causation . APA Outcome: 1.3 (p. 32)

113.1 1 3 . (p. 32)

Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #112 Topic: Correlational Research

If a researcher finds that the number of positive statements parents say to their children is positively correlated with the children's self-esteem, the researcher could correctly conclude that A. more negative parental feedback causes low self-esteem in children. B. more positive parental feedback causes high self-esteem in children. C. more positive parental feedback is related to low self-esteem in children. D. more positive parental feedback is related to high self-esteem in children.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #113 Topic: Correlational Research

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship? A. –0.93 B. +0.87 C. +0.13 D. –0.47

114.1 1 4 . (p. 32)

115.1 1 5 . (p. 32)

A correlation coefficient of 0 indicates A. no relationship between variables. B. a positive correlation between variables. C. an inverse relationship between variables.

D. a higher relationship between variables than if the coefficient is –1. APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted.

Santrock - Chapter 01 #115 Topic: Correlational Research

116.1 1 6 . (p. 32)

Which research method is used to determine causality? A. correlational B. experimental C. observational D. descriptive APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #116 Topic: Experimental Research

Dr. Lewis wants to determine the physical effects of ADHD medication dosages on children aged 8 to 15. What kind of study will he most likely conduct? A. descriptive 117.1 B. experimental 1 C. longitudinal 7 D. correlational . APA Outcome: 1.3 (p. 32)

118.

(p. 33)

119.

(p. 33)

120.

(p. 33)

Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #117 Topic: Experimental Research

Which of the following is manipulated during an experiment? A. dependent variable B. correlation coefficient C. independent variable D. observed effect

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #118 Topic: Independent and Dependent Variables

A psychologist designs an experiment to determine if the number of adults’ eye contacts with children would increase the number of children's smiles. In this study, the number of A. children’s smiles is the independent variable. B. adults’ eye contacts with children is the dependent variable. C. adults’ eye contacts with children is the independent variable. D. children’s smiles is the correlative variable.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #119 Topic: Independent and Dependent Variables

A researcher studies the effect of exercise on stamina. Participants are randomly assigned to be in an exercise or no-exercise group for 12 weeks. Stamina is then measured by how long participants can walk comfortably on a treadmill. In this study, the dependent variable is A. the number of minutes on the treadmill. B. whether the participants are in the exercise program or not. C. the heart rate during the exercise program. D. whether the duration of the exercise program is 12 weeks or longer.

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #120 Topic: Independent and Dependent Variables

121.

(p. 33)

122.

(p. 33)

123.

(p. 33)

124.

(p. 33)

125.

(p. 34)

In an experiment to determine the effects of an antidepressant medication, half of the subjects receive the medication and half receive a placebo, which is a harmless sugar pill without any medication effects. The group of people who receive the placebo is the group. A. random B. control C. experimental D. correlation APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #121 Topic: Experimental and Control Groups

Random assignment is used in experiments because researchers want to A. guarantee that the results will be statistically significant. B. ensure that people from different social classes will be in separate groups. C. ensure that the experimental results are not merely correlational. D reduce the likelihood that the experiment's results will be due to any preexisting differences . between the experimental and control groups.

To chart the development of gross motor coordination over the life span, researchers tested individuals ranging in age from childhood to old age. Which approach did they take? A. cross-sectional B. longitudinal C. both cross-sectional and longitudinal D. neither cross-sectional nor longitudinal

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #123 Topic: Cross-Sectional Approach

Professor Fischer observes a group of participants over a period of 10 years to chart changes in memory. What kind of research is this? A. cross-sectional B. longitudinal C. both cross-sectional and longitudinal D. neither cross-sectional nor longitudinal

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #124 Topic: Longitudinal Approach

Sheri answered a life satisfaction rating survey every 5 years between the ages of 20 and 65. What type of study was this? A. cross-sectional B. naturalistic observation C. longitudinal D. experimental

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #125 Topic: Longitudinal Approach

126.

(p. 34)

127.

(p. 35)

128.

(p. 36-37)

129.

(p. 36)

130. (p. 5)

Cohort effects are NOT due to which of the following? A. a person's time of birth B. a person's era C. a person's age D. a person's generation APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #126 Topic: Cohort Effects

Before his study begins, Dr. Holly lets the subjects know that their participation will include a small, weekly time commitment and may arouse negative thoughts and feelings about past academic experiences. This is an example of A. deception. B. debriefing. C. confidentiality. D. informed consent.

APA Outcome: 3.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #127 Topic: Ethical Research

Which of the following is NOT a form of bias that is discussed in the textbook? A. gender B. socioeconomic C. cultural D. ethnic

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #128 Topic: Gender Bias

The term "ethnic gloss" refers to a tendency to make ethnic groups appear to A. be more homogeneous than they really are. B. be more diverse than they really are. C. commit more crimes than they actually do. D. be more different than each other than they really are.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #129 Topic: Cultural and Ethnic Bias

Define development and discuss the period it encompasses.

Development is the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span until death. APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #130 Topic: Studying Life-Span Development

131. (p. 6)

Describe how the traditional approach to development differs from the life-span approach. In the traditional approach, dramatic change is thought to occur in infancy and early childhood, while little or no change takes place in adult development. In the life-span approach, developmental change takes place throughout the human life span.

132.

(p. 6-7)

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #131 Topic: Studying Life-Span Development

Describe each of Paul Baltes' life-span development characteristics.

Lifelong: No one age period dominates development. Issues are worthy of study from birth until death. Multidimensional: Biological, cognitive, and socioemotional components comprise development. Multidirectional: Development is characterized by growth and decline. Plastic: Development includes the potential for change across the life span. Multidisciplinary: Understanding development requires the study of many subjects—psychology, anthropology, neuroscience, medicine, and so on. Contextual: Individuals are changing beings in a changing world. Environment and situation affect development. These also include growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss. Three aspects of development will compete in differing quantities according to the developmental stage.

133.

(p. 7-8)

List the three types of contextual influences that affect development in the contextual view, and give an example of each.

1. Normative age-graded influences: puberty, menopause, entry into formal education, retirement. 2. Normative history-graded influences: economic changes (the Great Depression), war, the changing roles of women, the computer revolution, political upheaval and change. 3. Nonnormative life events: death of a parent when a child is young, pregnancy in early adolescence, a disaster, an accident, winning the lottery. APA Outcome: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Difficult Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #133 Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective

134.

(p. 13)

Briefly define biological processes, cognitive processes, and socioemotional processes. Biological processes involve changes in the individual's physical nature. Cognitive processes involve changes in the individual's thought, intelligence, and language. Socioemotional processes involve changes in the individual's relationships with other people, emotions, and personality.

135.

(p. 18-19)

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes; periods; and issues in development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #134 Topic: Biological Processes Topic: Cognitive Processes Topic: Socioemotional Processes

Identify and briefly describe the four ways that age has been conceptualized.

1. Chronological age: the number of years that have elapsed since a person's birth. 2. Biological age: a person's age in terms of biological health. 3. Psychological age: an individual's adaptive capacities compared to those of other individuals of the same chronological age. 4. Social age: social roles and social connectedness with others that a person adopts.

136.

(p. 19)

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Difficult Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes; periods; and issues in development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #135 Topic: Conceptions of Age

Briefly discuss the nature-nurture issue.

Involves the debate about whether development is influenced primarily by maturation (the genetic blueprint or biological inheritance) or by environmental experiences.

137.

(p. 19)

Briefly discuss the stability-change issue.

This issue concerns whether we become older renditions of our early experience or whether we develop into something different from what we were at an earlier point in development. The basic theme is whether development is best described by stability or by change. APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes; periods; and issues in development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #137 Topic: Stability and Change

138.

(p. 19-20)

Identify which developmental issue is addressed in each of the following questions. 1. Can enriched experiences in adolescence remove the negative effects of poverty and/or neglect in childhood? 2. Are girls less likely to do well in math because of a masculine bias in society? 3. Does development occur primarily in distinct stages or in a more gradual and cumulative manner? a. stability and change b. continuity and discontinuity c. nature and nurture 1. a, 2. c, 3. b

139.

(p. 19)

Briefly discuss the early-experience versus later-experience issue.

Early-experience theorists argue that infant and early childhood experiences are most important in shaping human development, whereas later-experience theorists believe that people are malleable throughout development and later experiences are equally important in shaping development.

140.

(p. 19)

Briefly discuss the continuity-discontinuity issue.

The focus of this issue is on whether development involves gradual, cumulative change from conception to death (continuity), or whether development occurs in distinct stages or phases across the life span (discontinuity).

141.

(p. 21)

What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?

A theory is an interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps explain phenomena and make predictions. A hypothesis is a specific assertion and prediction that can be tested. Hypotheses are usually based on theories or are aimed at developing them. APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #141 Topic: Developmental Issues

142.

(p. 21)

List Freud's psychosexual stages in order. oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

143.

(p. 26-27)

APA Outcome: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #142 Topic: Freuds Theory

In what way do the ethological and ecological theories of development relate to the nature-nurture issue?

The ethological theory of development stresses biological factors in development or the influence of nature. Ecological theory emphasizes environmental contexts in which development takes place or the influence of nurture.

144.

(p. 27-28)

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #143 Topic: Ecological Theory Topic: Ethological Theory

List three of the five systems in Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, and give a brief definition of each.

Microsystem: setting in which the individual lives. Mesosystem: relationships between microsystems or connections between contexts. Exosystem: interplay between an individual’s immediate social setting and another social setting in which the individual does not have an active role. Macrosystem: the culture in which individuals live. Chronosystem: the pattern of environmental events and transitions over the life course, as well as sociohistorical circumstances.

145.

(p. 28)

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Difficult Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #144 Topic: Ecological Theory

What is an eclectic approach and why is it recommended for studying life-span development?

An eclectic orientation does not follow any one theoretical approach completely but selects and uses what is considered the best in each theory. No single theory has been able to account for all aspects of life-span development, but each theory has made important contributions to our understanding of development. Different theories contain many ideas that are complimentary and explain different aspects and issues in development. APA Outcome: 2.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #145 Topic: Eclectic Theoretical Orientation

146.

(p. 29-31)

Briefly describe observation, survey and interview, standardized testing, case study, and physiological measures as types of data collecting in research. Observation: Observation includes watching participants and being scientifically alert to the behavior to be studied. Observations must be systematic and can occur in natural or laboratory settings. Survey and Interview: Participants answer questions either through an interview or a paper questionnaire. Questions can be open-ended or closed. A disadvantage to this type of study is that participants may not answer questions accurately. Standardized testing: It is an evaluative measure with uniform administration procedures that yields results that allow participants to be compared to other participants. Case study: An in-depth look at a single individual. These are performed when it may not be ethical or practical to induce a situation to be studied. Physiological measures: These are things that can be assessed medically, such as hormone levels and biochemical activity in the body. Caution should be exercised with results of these measures because many factors can influence and determine responses.

147.

(p. 33-34)

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Difficult Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #146 Topic: Case Study Topic: Observation Topic: Physiological Measures Topic: Standardized Test Topic: Survey and Interview

Briefly describe the cross-sectional approach to research.

The cross-sectional approach is a research strategy that simultaneously compares individuals of different ages.

148.

(p. 34)

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #147 Topic: Cross-Sectional Approach

Briefly describe the longitudinal approach to research.

The longitudinal approach is a research strategy in which the same individuals are studied over a period of time, usually several years or more. APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #148 Topic: Longitudinal Approach

149.

(p. 35-36)

Describe three ethical concerns regarding research. Informed consent: Participants must know what their participation will involve and what risks might develop. Confidentiality: The psychologist must keep all data gathered on individuals confidential. Debriefing: The researcher must inform participants of the purpose and methods used in a study afterthe study has been completed. Deception: In some circumstances, researchers may mislead participants as to the purpose of a study. In all cases of deception, the psychologist must ensure that the deception will not harm the participants, and that the participants will be told the actual nature of the study as soon as possible after the study is completed.

150.

(p. 36)

Explain the concept of ethnic gloss.

APA Outcome: 3.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #149 Topic: Ethical Research

Ethnic gloss involves using an ethnic label in a superficial way that portrays an ethnic group as being more homogeneous than it really is. This can cause researchers to obtain samples of ethnic groups that are not representative of the group's diversity, which can lead to overgeneralization and stereotyping.

151.

(p. 39)

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Santrock - Chapter 01 #150 Topic: Cultural and Ethnic Bias

List one contribution and one criticism of psychoanalytic theories.

Contributions: –Early experiences play an important part in development. –Family relationships are a central aspect of development. –Unconscious aspects of the mind need to be considered. –Erikson's theory acknowledges development during adulthood as well as during childhood. Criticisms: –Data often comes from an individual's reconstruction of the past and is of unknown accuracy. –Sexual underpinnings of development in Freud's theory are given too much importance. –Images of human beings are too negative. APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #151 Topic: Psychoanalytic Theory

152.

(p. 39)

List one contribution and one criticism of cognitive theories of development. Contributions: –An individual's active construction of understanding and developmental changes in thinking is emphasized. Criticisms: –Inadequate attention is devoted to individual differences in development. –There is skepticism about the pureness of Piaget’s stages.

153.

(p. 39)

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #152 Topic: Information-Processing Theory Topic: Piagets Cognitive Development Theory Topic: Vygotskys Sociocultural Cognitive Theory

List one contribution and one criticism of behavioral and social cognitive theories of development. Contributions: –Scientific research is emphasized. –Environmental determinants of behavior are addressed. –Personal and cognitive factors are emphasized. Criticisms: –Too little emphasis is placed on cognition (Skinner). –Inadequate attention is paid to developmental changes.

154.

(p. 39)

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #153 Topic: Banduras Social Cognitive Theory Topic: Skinners Operant Conditioning

Compare and contrast ethological and ecological theories.

Ethological theory holds that behavior is strongly influenced by biology and evolution. Ecological theory puts more emphasis on the environmental contexts in which development occurs and less on biology. APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Difficult Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Santrock - Chapter 01 #154 Topic: Ecological Theory Topic: Ethological Theory

1 Summary Category APA Outcome: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.3 APA Outcome: 2.1

# of Questions 67 26 56 1

APA Outcome: 2.2 APA Outcome: 3.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Difficulty Level: Difficult Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development. Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development. Learning Objective: Explain how research on life-span development is conducted. Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes; periods; and issues in development.

4 2 52 52 51 64 23 67 49 31 34 40

Santrock - Chapter 01 Topic: Age and Happiness Topic: Banduras Social Cognitive Theory Topic: Biological Processes Topic: Case Study Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective Topic: Cognitive Processes Topic: Cohort Effects Topic: Conceptions of Age Topic: Contemporary Concerns Topic: Continuity and Discontinuity Topic: Correlational Research

154 1 5 3 4 23 2 1 8 5 1 4

Topic: Cross-Sectional Approach Topic: Cultural and Ethnic Bias Topic: Descriptive Research Topic: Developmental Issues Topic: Eclectic Theoretical Orientation Topic: Ecological Theory Topic: Eriksons Psychosocial Theory Topic: Ethical Research Topic: Ethological Theory Topic: Experimental and Control Groups Topic: Experimental Research Topic: Freuds Theory

2 2 1 2 4 9 5 2 7 2 2 2

Topic: Gender Bias Topic: Independent and Dependent Variables Topic: Information-Processing Theory Topic: Longitudinal Approach Topic: Naturalistic Observation Topic: Nature and Nurture Topic: Observation Topic: Periods of Development Topic: Physiological Measures Topic: Piagets Cognitive Development Theory Topic: Psychoanalytic Theory Topic: Scientific Method Topic: Skinners Operant Conditioning

1 3 4 3 1 5 3 12 3 3 3 3 5

Topic: Socioemotional Processes

Topic: Stability and Change

Topic: Standardized Test Topic: Studying Life-Span Development Topic: Survey and Interview Topic: Vygotskys Sociocultural Cognitive Theory

2 5 3 4

2 Student:

Natural selection favors individuals of a species that are best able to A. survive; reproduce B. find food; hide C. survive change; adapt D. change; adapt

Evolutionary psychology holds that A. natural selection does not ring true for personality characteristics. B. natural selection favors certain behaviors as well as physical characteristics. C. biological evolution explains why humans live well beyond child-bearing years. D. only physical development is stage-like in process.

Natural selection operates primarily on characteristics that are tied to A. group social interaction. B. psychological wellness. C. reproductive fitness. D. developmental plasticity.

Which of the following statements describes the main idea of David Buss' theory? A. It is not useful to compare human social behavior with social behavior in other species. B. Evolutionary processes can influence behavior as well as physical features. C. Behavior is determined by the environmental consequences it brings about. D. Development proceeds in a series of stages.

Which of the following is the BEST explanation for an extended childhood period in human development? A. During this time, a human's immune system reaches its full potential. B A long childhood period is a "left over" adaptation from the time when the human life span was . considerably shorter than it is today. C. Rebellion against authority is a necessary step in the evolutionary development of independent behavior. D.During this time, humans develop a large brain and gain experience required to master the complexities of human society.

Which of the following statements is NOT an idea held by evolutionary developmental psychologists?

and

A. Evolved characteristics are not always adaptive in contemporary society. B. Some evolved characteristics could be the cause of problems in contemporary society. C. All evolved mechanisms are adaptive in contemporary society. D. An extended childhood period may be the result of evolution.

Baltes holds that natural selection operates A. primarily during the first half of life. B. primarily during late adulthood. C. through the end of the adolescent period. D. through the end of late childhood.

According to Baltes, older adults have an increased A. generativity. B. need for culture-based resources. C. benefits of evolutionary selection. D. developmental plasticity.

10. A bidirectional view of evolutionism suggests that A. social behavior is a product of evolved biology. B. evolved biology is a product of social behavior. C. environmental and biological conditions influence each other. D. evolution dictates social behavior. 11. Which of the following is a double-helix-shaped molecule that contains genetic information? A. chromosome B. genotype C. DNA D. gene 12. Approximately how many genes does a typical human have according to the latest research? A. more than 100,000 B. 50,000–75,000 C. 35,000–40,000 D. 20,000–30,000 13. What did researchers working on the Human Genome project accomplish? A. They estimated how many genes humans have. B. They determined that DNA is collaborative. C. They found that the number of human proteins is higher than the number of human genes. D. All of these answers are correct. 14. In his book The Dependent Gene, David Moore reports that A. genes are collaborative. B. genes act independently. C. genes have a one-to-one correspondence with proteins. D. the expression of genes is not affected by environmental conditions. 15. Which of the following statements BEST explains the nature of genetic expression? A. A single gene is the source of a single protein's genetic information. B. Events outside of a cell cannot excite or inhibit genetic expression. C. Only internal events inside a cell can influence genetic expression. D. The activity of genes is affected by the internal and external factors. 16. Which of the following has 23 unpaired chromosomes? A. zygotes B. the sperm and egg C. mitosis D. chromosome 17. In a human body, all cells except the sperm and egg reproduce by a process called A. meiosis. B. mitosis. C. fertilization. D. zygote.

18.

is a specialized form of cell division that occurs to form eggs and sperm. A. Meiosis B. Mitosis C. Reproduction D. Fertilization

19. How many chromosomes does an egg or a sperm have? A. 46 B. 24 C. 23 D. 48 20. Fertilization results in the formation of a(n) A. egg. B. zygote. C. gamete. D. sperm. 21. In , the number of cells doubles, whereas in cell is halved. A. meiosis; mitosis B. mitosis; meiosis C. genotype; phenotype D. phenotype; genotype 22. All of a person's genetic material makes up the characteristics. A. phenotype; genotype B. genotype; phenotype C. dominant genes; recessive genes D. recessive genes; dominant genes

, the number of chromosomes in each resulting

, whereas the

consists of only observable

23. Angela describes her friend as tall and slender with blue eyes and red hair. She is describing her friend's A. genotype. B. phenotype. C. dominant genes. D. recessive genes. 24. You notice that Lou's eyes are a unique shade of green. You have observed his: A. genotype. B. phenotype. C. dominant genes. D. recessive genes. 25. Which of the following principles is demonstrated when one gene overrides the effect of a second gene? A. polygenic inheritance B. sex-linked genes C. dominant-recessive genes D. genetic imprinting 26. Kevin has blond hair, but both of his parents have brown hair. What might account for Kevin’s differing phenotype from both of his parents? A. polygenic inheritance B. genetic imprinting C. sex-linked genes D. dominant-recessive genes

27. X-linked inheritance describes the inheritance of a(n) A. unaltered gene that is carried on the Y chromosome. B. altered gene that is carried on the Y chromosome. C. unaltered gene that is carried on the X chromosome. D. altered gene that is carried on the X chromosome. 28. Melinda and Joseph both have brown eyes, but their child has blue eyes. This shows that A. both Melinda and Joseph are carrying a recessive gene for blue eyes. B. either Melinda or Joseph is carrying a recessive gene for blue eyes. C. both Melinda and Joseph are carrying a dominant gene for blue eyes. D. either Melinda or Joseph is carrying a dominant gene for blue eyes. 29. Research found that many genes interact to influence a psychological characteristic. This is the concept of A. dominant-recessive inheritance. B. sex-linked inheritance. C. genetic imprinting. D. polygenic inheritance. 30. People who have hemophilia or fragile-X syndrome are A. equally distributed among females and males. B. mostly females. C. mostly males. D. those who have mutated genes carried on the Y chromosome. 31.

is a genetic disorder that occurs less often to children with mothers who are 16 to 34 years old. A. Down syndrome B. Turner syndrome C. Sickle-cell anemia D. Phenylketonuria (PKU)

32. Both are genetic disorders caused by the presence of an extra chromosome. A. Down syndrome and Turner syndrome B. Turner syndrome and sickle-cell anemia C. Klinefelter syndrome and Down syndrome D. Phenylketonuria (PKU) and XYY syndrome 33.

syndrome causes males to have undeveloped testes, enlarged breasts, and tallness. Boys with this chromosomal disorder often have language, academic, attentional, and motor impairments. A. Down B. Klinefelter C. Turner D. Fragile X

34. Which of the following characteristics is likely to be exhibited in boys with fragile X syndrome? A. a flattened skull B. aggression and violence C. hyperactivity D. mental deficiency 35. Conditions, such as phenylketonuria or sickle cell anemia, are produced by A. chromosome B. sex-linked chromosome C. both sex-linked chromosome and gene-linked D. gene-linked

abnormalities.

36.

is a genetic disorder that can be controlled by diet. A. Down syndrome B. Turner syndrome C. Sickle-cell anemia D. Phenylketonuria (PKU)

37. Which of the following genetic disorders occurs most often in African Americans? A. Down syndrome B. Turner syndrome C. sickle-cell anemia D. phenylketonuria (PKU) 38. Behavior genetics is the field of study that seeks to discover how individual differences in human traits and development are influenced by A. environment. B. heredity. C. heredity and environment. D. behavior. 39. Dr. Santos designs studies to examine the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in human traits and development. Her field of study is in A. behavior genetics. B. evolutionary genetics. C. evolutionary psychology. D. developmental genetics. 40. Behavior genetics mostly uses which of the following research methods? A. twin studies B. adoption studies C. both twin studies and adoption studies D. neither twin studies nor adoption studies 41. Brent is an athlete who loves to play catch or shoot baskets with his son Todd. Todd is quickly developing the same affinity for sports. This is an example of which type of genotype-environment correlation? A. active B. passive C. evocative D. niche-picking 42. An individual's genes may influence the type of environment he/she is exposed to. This is called a(n) A. heredity-environment correlation. B. passive genotype-environment correlations. C. active genotype-environment correlations. D. evocative genotype-environment correlations. 43. Katrina played basketball in high school and in college. She recently enrolled her son in a junior basketball league. This is an example of which type of genotype-environment correlation for Katrina’s son? A. passive B. evocative C. active D. niche-picking

44. Kylie is friendly and outgoing. Because of this, people treat her well and often seem drawn to her. This is an example of which type of genotype-environment correlation? A. active B. passive C. evocative D. niche-picking 45. Hannah is an "easy" child. She rarely cries and is cooperative and pleasant. As a result, she receives much attention and nurturing. This is an example of which type of genotype-environment correlation? A. passive B. evocative C. active D. niche-picking 46. Dani loves dinosaurs. She always chooses library books about dinosaurs and has even asked her parents to enroll her in a junior paleontology club. This is an example of which type of genotype-environment correlation? A. passive B. evocative C. niche-picking D. None of these answers are correct. 47. Elise has enrolled in a parenting program aimed at teaching parents to recognize and support a child's natural abilities and chosen activities. Which type of genotype-environment interaction will she learn to encourage? A. passive B. evocative C. active D. suggestive 48. Allison inherited a singing talent from her parents. She requested vocal lessons when she was young, and now she participates in the school choral program. This is an example of which type of genotypeenvironment correlation? A. passive B. evocative C. niche-picking D. None of the these answers is correct. 49. Which of the following is a genotype-environment interaction that plays a smaller role in development as children grow older? A. passive B. evocative C. active D. niche-picking 50. Louis has accepted a scholarship opportunity to study art in Europe for a semester. His twin sister will continue her schooling at a local university. Their experiences are examples of A. shared environmental experiences. B. nonshared environmental experiences. C. genotype-environment interaction. D. epigenetic view. 51. More similarities are seen among twins than among siblings who are different ages, because twins may have A. more shared environmental influences. B. more non-shared environmental influences. C. fewer shared environmental influences. D. identical shared environmental and hereditary influences.

52. The epigenetic view of development states that development is A. becomes less influenced by heredity and more influenced by environments as people grow older. B. becomes more influenced by heredity and less influenced by environment as people grow older. C. is influenced 50 percent by heredity and 50 percent by environment. D. is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment. 53. The relative contributions of heredity and environment are not additive. This means A genes alone cannot account for development, because they can only influence behavioral characteristics . in specific environmental contexts. B. some characteristics are solely due to heredity and others to environmental conditions. C. certain characteristics are more linked to heredity and others to environmental conditions. D. that the person we become is due to X percent nature and X percent nurture. 54. What do MOST developmentalists today believe about the contributions of both heredity and the environment to development? A. Heredity plays the dominant role in development. B. Environment plays the dominant role in development. C. Heredity and environment interact to produce development. D. Some aspects in development are determined by heredity, and some others by environment. 55. During which prenatal development period does differentiation of cells take place? A. embryonic B. germinal C. fetal D. fertilization 56. Which of the following is the prenatal development period that takes place during the first 2 weeks after conception, includes the creation of a zygote, and ends with attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall? A. germinal B. embryonic C. fetal D. fertilization 57. When does the zygote implant in the lining of the mother's uterus? A. immediately after conception B. within 2 days after conception C. about 10 to 14 days after conception D. at the end of the embryonic period 58. During which prenatal developmental period do the following changes take place? Eyes appear, four chambers of the heart take shape, spinal cord begins to form, and the intestinal tract develops. A. germinal B. embryonic C. fetal D. fertilization 59. Which of the following is the correct order of an embryo's layering of cells starting from the outermost layer? A. mesoderm, endoderm, ectoderm B. mesoderm, ectoderm, endoderm C. endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm D. ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

60. When baby Juanita was born, she had problems with her eyes, ears, and nose. MOST likely, Juanita's problems came from defects in the formation of A. the ectoderm. B. the endoderm. C. the mesoderm. D. any of the three layers. 61. Baby Weston's digestive system did not fully develop and does not function properly. This problem likely arose from a defect in the formation of A. the ectoderm. B. the endoderm. C. the mesoderm. D. any of the three layers. 62. The doctor tells Sharice and Jayden that their unborn baby is having problems because of a drastic change in temperature. The has failed to perform its protective function. A. umbilical cord B. amnion C. placenta D. trophoblast 63. The connects a baby to the placenta. A. amniotic fluid B. amnion C. umbilical cord D. uterine wall 64.

65. Iyanla, who is pregnant, is concerned that the bacteria from her ear infection may pass to her unborn baby. She does not need to worry because A although the bacteria will pass to the fetus, supercharged white blood cells in the umbilical cord will . successfully destroy the infection. B. the bacteria will be destroyed by the amniotic fluid. C. bacteria are large molecules and will be filtered out by the placenta and not reach the fetus. D. the baby's sinuses are filled with amniotic fluid and are immune to sinus bacteria. 66. During which prenatal developmental period do the following changes—rapid weight gain; active movement of arms and legs; face, forehead, eyelids, nose, and chin becoming distinguishable—take place? A. germinal B. embryonic C. fetal D. fertilization 67. What is approximately the earliest point that a fetus can survive outside the womb? A. 5 months B. 6 months C. 7 months D. 8 months

68. Sidney is expecting her first child and recently began to feel kicking movements. Sidney is MOST likely in the month of her pregnancy. A. second B. fourth C. sixth D. seventh 69. Which of the following would handle information processing at the cellular level? A. anencephaly B. neurons C. spina bifida D. neural tubes 70. Teri's doctor has recommended that she take folic acid regularly throughout her pregnancy. The doctor is most likely trying to prevent which of the following from occurring? A. spina bifida B. fetal neural tube defects C. anencephaly D. All of these answers are correct. 71. At approximately 6 to 24 weeks after conception, cells move outward from their point of origin to their appropriate locations. This is known as . A. anencephaly B. spina bifida C. neurogenesis D. neuronal migration 72. Which of the following involves the process of cells moving outward from their point of origin to their appropriate locations in the brain? A. neuronal migration B. neurogenesis C. neural connectivity D. organogenesis 73. Which of the following prenatal diagnostic tests would involve removing a small sample of the placenta? A. ultrasound sonography B. amniocentesis C. maternal blood sampling D. chorionic villi sampling 74. Which of the following prenatal diagnostic tests would detect spina bifida? A. ultrasound sonography B. amniocentesis C. maternal blood screening D. chorionic villi sampling 75. Stephanie's doctor reduces the dosage of her daily medication when she begins trying to get pregnant. The principle behind this action states that A. the effect of any teratogen is dependent on the genetic susceptibility of the fetus. B. the effect of any teratogen is dependent on the time of exposure. C. the greater the dose of a teratogen, the greater the effect on prenatal development. D. the effect of any teratogen is greater in the last stage of prenatal development. 76. During which prenatal developmental period is the probability of a structural defect the greatest? A. implantation B. germinal C. embryonic D. fetal

77. Which of the following statements about teratogens is NOT true? A. Female fetuses are far more likely to be affected by teratogens than male fetuses. B. The greater the dose of a teratogen, the greater the effect. C. Differences in placental membranes can affect a fetus' exposure to a teratogen. D. The time of exposure to a teratogen impacts the type and degree of damage to the fetus. 78. Exposure to teratogens after organogenesis is complete may most likely result in A. severe anatomic defects. B. stunted growth. C. severe Down syndrome. D. severe defects in the internal organs. 79. Recent research shows that high doses of aspirin during pregnancy can contribute to which of the following? A. low intelligence B. miscarriage C. Down syndrome D. maternal and fetal bleeding 80. Psychoactive drugs affect the A. endocrine B. nervous C. respiratory D. digestive

system.

81. Gina is pregnant and is a heavy smoker. Compared to the baby of a nonsmoker, her baby is MORE likely to suffer from which of the following? A. facial and limb deformities B. sudden infant death syndrome C. cleft palate D. tremors and increased general irritability 82. Which of the following prescription and nonprescription drugs can have harmful effects on an embryo or fetus? A. aspirin B. some antibiotics and hormones C. diet pills D. All of these answers are correct. 83. If the mother normally drinks alcohol, the BEST way to prevent negative effects on the fetus is to A. drink only beer during the pregnancy. B. maintain good nutrition during the pregnancy. C. completely abstain from drinking during the entire pregnancy. D. drink only wine during the pregnancy. 84. Facial deformities, defective limbs, learning problems, and below-average intelligence are all linked to which teratogen? A. cocaine B. psychoactive drugs C. nicotine D. alcohol 85. Neonatal deaths, preterm births, low birth weights, respiratory problems, and sudden infant death syndrome are all linked to which teratogen? A. cocaine B. psychoactive drugs C. nicotine D. alcohol

86. Cocaine exposure during prenatal development is linked to which of the following? A. increased likelihood of being in special education and receiving support services B. impaired language development and information processing C. impaired motor development and slower growth rate D. All of these answers are correct. 87. What is the BEST way to keep the infant from being infected if the mother is found to have active genital herpes before the child is born? A. A cesarean section should be performed. B. Antibiotics should be administered for a minimum of 6 hours before delivery. C. Antibiotics should be administered daily to the fetus until the day of delivery. D. Nothing can be done, because the fetus would have already contracted the disease before delivery. 88. If a mother is HIV positive, but her infant does not show signs of AIDS at birth, then the infant may A. not have been infected with HIV. B. have been infected with HIV but does not show any symptoms of HIV now. C. still develop AIDS later in life. D. All of these answers are correct. 89. Which of the following is a way for a mother infected with HIV to pass the virus to her child? A. during gestation across the placenta B. during delivery through contact with maternal blood C. after birth through breast-feeding D. All of these answers are correct. 90. The nutritional status of the fetus during pregnancy is determined A. only by the amount of the mother’s protein intake. B. only by the mother’s calorie intake. C. by the mother’s intake of protein, vitamins, minerals, and total calories. D. by the function of the fetus’ digestive system. 91. Which of the following statements is correct? A. A pregnant woman’s experience with intense fear and anxiety may have a negative impact on the fetus. B. High maternal stress during pregnancy can have long-term consequences for the child after birth. C.Children of mothers with a high level of depression during pregnancy are more likely to have ADHD and language delay. D. All of these answers are correct. 92. Which of the following statements is correct? A.The mother’s stressful life events may have a negative impact on the fetus even if these events occur before conception. B. Maternal depression during pregnancy may cause preterm birth. C. Maternal depression during pregnancy may cause low birth weight for full-term infants. D. All of these answers are correct. 93. Who among the following is LEAST likely to receive prenatal care? A. a first-time mother in her mid-30s B. a mother with two or more other children C. a working woman over 25 D. a pregnant adolescent 94. Tammy is pregnant and is 45 years old. Her doctor considers her a "high-risk" pregnancy. Which of the following risks is Tammy's doctor concerned about? A. increased risk for Down syndrome B. increased risk for low birth weight C. increased risk for preterm delivery and fetal death D. All of these answers are correct.

95. Which of the following paternal characteristics is LEAST likely to affect a child's development if the father is younger than 40 years of age? A. exposure to lead and radiation B. exposure to certain pesticides and petrochemicals C. cigarette smoking D. age 96. CenteringPregnancy, an innovative prenatal care program, is rapidly expanding in the United States and provides . A. free prenatal care to low-income mothers B. in-home prenatal care by a midwife C. prenatal care in a peer group setting D. confidential prenatal care to pregnant adolescents 97. Which of the following outcomes of prenatal education is of the MOST value for pregnant women living in poverty? A. Participants receive coupons for free goods and services. B. These women can be linked to other valuable social services. C. Classes encourage these mothers to bottle-feed so they can maintain employment. D. Participants are offered free postpartum birth control. 98. During which stage of childbirth does the cervix dilate? A. first B. second C. third D. afterbirth 99. During which stage of childbirth is the fetus expelled from the womb? A. first B. second C. third D. afterbirth 100.Which of the following statements is correct? A. Three basic kinds of drugs used for labor are analgesia, anesthesia, and oxytocin/Pitocin. B. Analgesia is used to relieve pain. C.Higher doses of drugs given to the mother during delivery potentially have a more negative effect on the fetus than lower doses. D. All of these answers are correct. 101.Which of the following is NOT a method that the natural childbirth method uses during labor and delivery? A. nonprescription drugs to reduce pain B. relaxation techniques C. Lamaze breathing D. education about anatomy and physiology 102.Melissa plans to use the prepared childbirth method during labor and delivery. Which of the following will she employ? A. nonprescription drugs to reduce pain B. prescription drugs to reduce pain C. Lamaze breathing D. prescription drugs to promote contraction

103.Which of the following is a method to reduce pain during delivery without using medication? A. waterbirth B. massage C. acupuncture D. All of the these answers are correct. 104.If the fetus is in a breech position, A. the head of the fetus will emerge first during delivery. B. a cesarean section will not be recommended because it will compromise the safe delivery of the baby. C. delivery will be easy and cause less complications. D. the fetus will be at increased risk for respiratory problems during delivery. 105.Diane's doctor has suggested that a cesarean delivery of her child may be necessary. What is NOT a likely reason for this determination? A. The fetus’ head will emerge first during delivery. B. The fetus’ buttocks will emerge first during delivery. C. The position of the fetus in the uterus is likely to cause respiratory problems. D. The fetus is in a breech position. 106.An Apgar Scale score of 3 signals a newborn's condition is A. excellent. B. good. C. average. D. high risk. 107.Renee's baby was born just minutes ago, and the doctor is checking the baby with the Apgar Scale. Renee's baby is being checked for her A. heart rate and respiratory effort. B. muscle tone and body color. C. reflex irritability. D. All of the these answers are correct. 108.The designation of preterm is determined by A. the ratio of weight at birth to the time of gestation. B. the time period of gestation. C. the weight at birth. D. the time period of gestation plus weight. 109.Baby Alec was born during his mother's 38th week of pregnancy and weighed 5 lbs 2 oz. He is considered A. to be preterm. B. to have low birth weight. C. to have very low birth weight. D. to be large for the date. 110.Twins Diego and Demare were delivered during their mother's 34th week of pregnancy and weighed 4 lbs 3 oz and 4 lbs 15 oz, respectively. They are considered A. preterm and low birth weight. B. term and low birth weight. C. term and small for date. D. preterm and very low birth weight. 111.Angie was born after 40 weeks of gestation and weighed 4 pounds. Angie is considered A. preterm. B. large for date. C. low birth weight. D. very low birth weight.

112.Tamara delivered her babies preterm. All of the following are possible reasons for the preterm delivery EXCEPT A. Tamara was pregnant with triplets. B. Tamara was 43 years old. C. Tamara's tobacco use. D. Tamara had low stress. 113.According to Tiffany Field's research, what can increase weight gain, alertness, and activity in preterm infants? A. massage therapy B. letting a mother be the first to hold the baby C. breast feeding D. visual stimulation 114.Define natural selection and adaptive behavior.

115.Describe evolutionary psychology.

116.Evolution has not weeded out many harmful conditions that have their onset in old age. Give a possible reason for this.

117.Briefly discuss the relationships among human chromosomes, DNA, and genes.

118.Why is genetic variability in the population valuable?

119.Explain the difference between genotype and phenotype.

120.Explain the dominant-recessive genes principle, and give an example of a dominant characteristic that rules over its recessive counterpart.

121.Describe the chromosomal abnormality of two sex-linked syndromes.

122.How might the results from a twin study be misinterpreted?

123.Describe the three types of heredity-environment correlations, and give an example of each.

124.Describe shared and nonshared environmental experiences.

125.It is common for children raised in the same household to have very different personalities and interests. What might this indicate about the nonshared experiences of siblings?

126.Describe an epigenetic view of development.

127.List three developmental characteristics or events from each of the germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods of prenatal development.

128.Describe the three layers of cells that develop at the beginning of the embryonic period.

129.Describe four prenatal diagnostic tests and when they are administered.

130.Define a teratogen and list five teratogens.

131.Discuss three conditions that affect the severity of the damage and/or type of birth defects teratogens may cause.

132.Define fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), and list two possible abnormalities that can occur as a result.

133.Explain three effects of nicotine on fetal development.

134.What are the three ways that a mother infected with HIV may transmit the virus to her offspring?

135.What are the three possible outcomes for a child born to a mother infected with HIV?

136.List three environmental hazards that can endanger the fetus.

137.List three paternal factors that can influence fetal development.

138.List two characteristics of each of the three stages of birth.

139.What would necessitate a cesarean delivery?

140.List four of the five health signs evaluated by the Apgar Scale.

141.Define low birth weight, preterm, and small-for-date infants.

142.List three possible consequences of low birth weight.

143.Discuss three points in the issue of bonding between mother and newborn.

(p. 49)

(p. 49-50)

Key

As the environment changes, some species adapt in a way that helps them survive and reproduce, while other species do not adapt well and die. This process is called A. canalization. B. sociobiology. C. natural selection. D. genetic inheritance. APA Outcome: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Discuss the evolutionary perspective on life-span development. Santrock - Chapter 02 #1 Topic: Natural Selection

Natural selection favors individuals of a species that are best able to A. survive; reproduce B. find food; hide C. survive change; adapt D. change; adapt

and

APA Outcome: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Discuss the evolutionary perspective on life-span development. Santrock - Chapter 02 #2 Topic: Natural Selection

Natural selection operates primarily on characteristics that are tied to A. group social interaction. B. psychological wellness. C. reproductive fitness. D. developmental plasticity.

(p. 50)

Which of the following is the BEST explanation for an extended childhood period in human development? A. During this time, a human's immune system reaches its full potential. B.A long childhood period is a "left over" adaptation from the time when the human life span was considerably shorter than it is today. C. Rebellion against authority is a necessary step in the evolutionary development of independent behavior. D.During this time, humans develop a large brain and gain experience required to master the complexities of human society. APA Outcome: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Discuss the evolutionary perspective on life-span development. Santrock - Chapter 02 #6 Topic: Evolutionary Psychology

Which of the following statements is NOT an idea held by evolutionary developmental psychologists? A. Evolved characteristics are not always adaptive in contemporary society. B. Some evolved characteristics could be the cause of problems in contemporary society. C. All evolved mechanisms are adaptive in contemporary society. D. An extended childhood period may be the result of evolution.

(p. 50-51)

10.

(p. 51)

APA Outcome: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Discuss the evolutionary perspective on life-span development. Santrock - Chapter 02 #7 Topic: Evolutionary Developmental Psychology

According to Baltes, older adults have an increased A. generativity. B. need for culture-based resources. C. benefits of evolutionary selection. D. developmental plasticity.

APA Outcome: 1.1 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Discuss the evolutionary perspective on life-span development. Santrock - Chapter 02 #9 Topic: Evolution and Life-Span Development

A bidirectional view of evolutionism suggests that A. social behavior is a product of evolved biology. B. evolved biology is a product of social behavior. C. environmental and biological conditions influence each other. D. evolution dictates social behavior.

APA Outcome: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Discuss the evolutionary perspective on life-span development. Santrock - Chapter 02 #10 Topic: Evolutionary Developmental Psychology

11.

(p. 52)

12.

(p. 53)

13.

(p. 53)

14.

(p. 53)

15.

(p. 53-54)

Which of the following is a double-helix-shaped molecule that contains genetic information? A. chromosome B. genotype C. DNA D. gene APA Outcome: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe what genes are and how they influence human development. Santrock - Chapter 02 #11 Topic: Genes

Approximately how many genes does a typical human have according to the latest research? A. more than 100,000 B. 50,000–75,000 C. 35,000–40,000 D. 20,000–30,000

APA Outcome: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe what genes are and how they influence human development. Santrock - Chapter 02 #12 Topic: Genes

What did researchers working on the Human Genome project accomplish? A. They estimated how many genes humans have. B. They determined that DNA is collaborative. C. They found that the number of human proteins is higher than the number of human genes. D. All of these answers are correct.

In his book The Dependent Gene, David Moore reports that A. genes are collaborative. B. genes act independently. C. genes have a one-to-one correspondence with proteins. D. the expression of genes is not affected by environmental conditions.

Which of the following statements BEST explains the nature of genetic expression? A. A single gene is the source of a single protein's genetic information. B. Events outside of a cell cannot excite or inhibit genetic expression. C. Only internal events inside a cell can influence genetic expression. D. The activity of genes is affected by the internal and external factors.

APA Outcome: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Describe what genes are and how they influence human development. Santrock - Chapter 02 #15 Topic: Genes

16.

(p. 54)

17.

(p. 54)

18.

(p. 54)

19.

(p. 54)

20.

(p. 54)

Which of the following has 23 unpaired chromosomes? A. zygotes B. the sperm and egg C. mitosis D. chromosome APA Outcome: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe what genes are and how they influence human development. Santrock - Chapter 02 #16 Topic: Genes

In a human body, all cells except the sperm and egg reproduce by a process called A. meiosis. B. mitosis. C. fertilization. D. zygote.

is a specialized form of cell division that occurs to form eggs and sperm. A. Meiosis B. Mitosis C. Reproduction D. Fertilization

How many chromosomes does an egg or a sperm have? A. 46 B. 24 C. 23 D. 48

Fertilization results in the formation of a(n) A. egg. B. zygote. C. gamete. D. sperm.

21.

(p. 54)

22.

(p. 55)

23.

(p. 55)

24.

(p. 55)

25.

(p. 56)

In , the number of cells doubles, whereas in resulting cell is halved. A. meiosis; mitosis B. mitosis; meiosis C. genotype; phenotype D. phenotype; genotype

, the number of chromosomes in each

All of a person's genetic material makes up the characteristics. A. phenotype; genotype B. genotype; phenotype C. dominant genes; recessive genes D. recessive genes; dominant genes

, whereas the

consists of only observable

Angela describes her friend as tall and slender with blue eyes and red hair. She is describing her friend's A. genotype. B. phenotype. C. dominant genes. D. recessive genes.

APA Outcome: 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe what genes are and how they influence human development. Santrock - Chapter 02 #23 Topic: Genes

You notice that Lou's eyes are a unique shade of green. You have observed his: A. genotype. B. phenotype. C. dominant genes. D. recessive genes.

APA Outcome: 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe what genes are and how they influence human development. Santrock - Chapter 02 #24 Topic: Genes

Which of the following principles is demonstrated when one gene overrides the effect of a second gene? A. polygenic inheritance B. sex-linked genes C. dominant-recessive genes D. genetic imprinting

26.

(p. 56)

27.

(p. 56)

28.

(p. 56)

29.

(p. 56)

30.

(p. 56)

Kevin has blond hair, but both of his parents have brown hair. What might account for Kevin’s differing phenotype from both of his parents? A. polygenic inheritance B. genetic imprinting C. sex-linked genes D. dominant-recessive genes APA Outcome: 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Describe what genes are and how they influence human development. Santrock - Chapter 02 #26 Topic: Dominant-Recessive Genes

X-linked inheritance describes the inheritance of a(n) A. unaltered gene that is carried on the Y chromosome. B. altered gene that is carried on the Y chromosome. C. unaltered gene that is carried on the X chromosome. D. altered gene that is carried on the X chromosome.

Melinda and Joseph both have brown eyes, but their child has blue eyes. This shows that A. both Melinda and Joseph are carrying a recessive gene for blue eyes. B. either Melinda or Joseph is carrying a recessive gene for blue eyes. C. both Melinda and Joseph are carrying a dominant gene for blue eyes. D. either Melinda or Joseph is carrying a dominant gene for blue eyes.

APA Outcome: 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Describe what genes are and how they influence human development. Santrock - Chapter 02 #28 Topic: Dominant-Recessive Genes

Research found that many genes interact to influence a psychological characteristic. This is the concept of A. dominant-recessive inheritance. B. sex-linked inheritance. C. genetic imprinting. D. polygenic inheritance.

APA Outcome: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe what genes are and how they influence human development. Santrock - Chapter 02 #29 Topic: Polygenic Inheritance

People who have hemophilia or fragile-X syndrome are A. equally distributed among females and males. B. mostly females. C. mostly males. D. those who have mutated genes carried on the Y chromosome.

31.

(p. 57)

is a genetic disorder that occurs less often to children with mothers who are 16 to 34 years old. A. Down syndrome B. Turner syndrome C. Sickle-cell anemia D. Phenylketonuria (PKU)

32.3 2. (p. 57)

33.

(p. 57)

34.3 4. (p. 57)

Both are genetic disorders caused by the presence of an extra chromosome. A. Down syndrome and Turner syndrome B. Turner syndrome and sickle-cell anemia C. Klinefelter syndrome and Down syndrome D. Phenylketonuria (PKU) and XYY syndrome

Which of the following characteristics is likely to be exhibited in boys with fragile X syndrome? A. a flattened skull B. aggression and violence C. hyperactivity D. mental deficiency

35.3 5. (p. 58)

Conditions, such as phenylketonuria or sickle cell anemia, are produced by A. chromosome B. sex-linked chromosome C. both sex-linked chromosome and gene-linked D. gene-linked

abnormalities.

36.

(p. 58)

37.3 7. (p. 5)

is a genetic disorder that can be controlled by diet. A. Down syndrome B. Turner syndrome C. Sickle-cell anemia D. Phenylketonuria (PKU) APA Outcome: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Describe what genes are and how they influence human development. Santrock - Chapter 02 #36 Topic: Gene-Linked Chromosomal Abnormalities

Which of the following genetic disorders occurs most often in African Americans? A. Down syndrome B. Turner syndrome C. sickle-cell anemia D. phenylketonuria (PKU)

38.3 8. (p. 60)

Behavior genetics is the field of study that seeks to discover how individual differences in human traits and development are influenced by A. environment. B. heredity. C. heredity and environment. D. behavior.

APA Outcome: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Explain some of the ways that heredity and environment interact to produce individual differences in development. Santrock - Chapter 02 #38 Topic: Behavior Genetics

39.3 9. (p. 60)

40.4 0. (p. 60)

Dr. Santos designs studies to examine the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in human traits and development. Her field of study is in A. behavior genetics. B. evolutionary genetics. C. evolutionary psychology. D. developmental genetics.

APA Outcome: 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Explain some of the ways that heredity and environment interact to produce individual differences in development. Santrock - Chapter 02 #39 Topic: Behavior Genetics

Behavior genetics mostly uses which of the following research methods? A. twin studies B. adoption studies C. both twin studies and adoption studies D. neither twin studies nor adoption studies

APA Outcome: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Explain some of the ways that heredity and environment interact to produce individual differences in development. Santrock - Chapter 02 #40 Topic: Behavior Genetics

41.4 1. (p. 60)

Brent is an athlete who loves to play catch or shoot baskets with his son Todd. Todd is quickly developing the same affinity for sports. This is an example of which type of genotype-environment correlation? A. active B. passive C. evocative D. niche-picking APA Outcome: 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Explain some of the ways that heredity and environment interact to produce individual differences in development. Santrock - Chapter 02 #41 Topic: Passive Genotype-Environment Correlations

42.4 2. (p. 60)

An individual's genes may influence the type of environment he/she is exposed to. This is called a(n) A. heredity-environment correlation. B. passive genotype-environment correlations. C. active genotype-environment correlations. D. evocative genotype-environment correlations.

43.4 3. (p. 60)

Katrina played basketball in high school and in college. She recently enrolled her son in a junior basketball league. This is an example of which type of genotype-environment correlation for Katrina’s son? A. passive B. evocative C. active D. niche-picking

APA Outcome: 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Explain some of the ways that heredity and environment interact to produce individual differences in development. Santrock - Chapter 02 #43 Topic: Passive Genotype-Environment Correlations

44.4 4. (p. 61)

Kylie is friendly and outgoing. Because of this, people treat her well and often seem drawn to her. This is an example of which type of genotype-environment correlation? A. active B. passive C. evocative D. niche-picking

45.45. Hannah is an "easy" child. She rarely cries and is cooperative and pleasant. As a result, she receives (p. 61) much attention and nurturing. This is an example of which type of genotype-environment correlation? A. passive B. evocative C. active D. niche-picking APA Outcome: 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Explain some of the ways that heredity and environment interact to produce individual differences in development. Santrock - Chapter 02 #45 Topic: Evocative Genotype-Environment Correlations

46.46. Dani loves dinosaurs. She always chooses library books about dinosaurs and has even asked her (p. 61-62) parents to enroll her in a junior paleontology club. This is an example of which type of genotypeenvironment correlation? A. passive B. evocative C. niche-picking D. None of these answers are correct.

47.47. Elise has enrolled in a parenting program aimed at teaching parents to recognize and support a child's (p. 61-62) natural abilities and chosen activities. Which type of genotype-environment interaction will she learn to encourage? A. passive B. evocative C. active D. suggestive

48.48. Allison inherited a singing talent from her parents. She requested vocal lessons when she was young, (p. 61-62) and now she participates in the school choral program. This is an example of which type of genotypeenvironment correlation? A. passive B. evocative C. niche-picking D. None of the these answers is correct.

49.4 9. (p. 62)

Which of the following is a genotype-environment interaction that plays a smaller role in development as children grow older? A. passive B. evocative C. active D. niche-picking APA Outcome: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Explain some of the ways that heredity and environment interact to produce individual differences in development. Santrock - Chapter 02 #49 Topic: Passive Genotype-Environment Correlations

50.5 0. (p. 62)

Louis has accepted a scholarship opportunity to study art in Europe for a semester. His twin sister will continue her schooling at a local university. Their experiences are examples of A. shared environmental experiences. B. nonshared environmental experiences. C. genotype-environment interaction. D. epigenetic view.

51.5 1. (p. 62)

52.5 2. (p. 62)

More similarities are seen among twins than among siblings who are different ages, because twins may have A. more shared environmental influences. B. more non-shared environmental influences. C. fewer shared environmental influences. D. identical shared environmental and hereditary influences.

The epigenetic view of development states that development is A. becomes less influenced by heredity and more influenced by environments as people grow older. B. becomes more influenced by heredity and less influenced by environment as people grow older. C. is influenced 50 percent by heredity and 50 percent by environment. D. is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.

53.53. The relative contributions of heredity and environment are not additive. This means (p. 62-63) A genes alone cannot account for development, because they can only influence behavioral . characteristics in specific environmental contexts. B. some characteristics are solely due to heredity and others to environmental conditions. C. certain characteristics are more linked to heredity and others to environmental conditions. D. that the person we become is due to X percent nature and X percent nurture.

54.5 4. (p. 63)

55.5 5. (p. 65)

What do MOST developmentalists today believe about the contributions of both heredity and the environment to development? A. Heredity plays the dominant role in development. B. Environment plays the dominant role in development. C. Heredity and environment interact to produce development. D. Some aspects in development are determined by heredity, and some others by environment. APA Outcome: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Explain some of the ways that heredity and environment interact to produce individual differences in development. Santrock - Chapter 02 #54 Topic: Epigenetic View

During which prenatal development period does differentiation of cells take place? A. embryonic B. germinal C. fetal D. fertilization

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Characterize the course of prenatal development and its hazards. Santrock - Chapter 02 #55 Topic: Germinal Period

56.5 6. (p. 65)

57.5 7. (p. 65)

Which of the following is the prenatal development period that takes place during the first 2 weeks after conception, includes the creation of a zygote, and ends with attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall? A. germinal B. embryonic C. fetal D. fertilization

When does the zygote implant in the lining of the mother's uterus? A. immediately after conception B. within 2 days after conception C. about 10 to 14 days after conception D. at the end of the embryonic period

58.5 8. (p. 65)

During which prenatal developmental period do the following changes take place? Eyes appear, four chambers of the heart take shape, spinal cord begins to form, and the intestinal tract develops. A. germinal B. embryonic C. fetal D. fertilization

59.5 9. (p. 65)

Which of the following is the correct order of an embryo's layering of cells starting from the outermost layer? A. mesoderm, endoderm, ectoderm B. mesoderm, ectoderm, endoderm C. endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm D. ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Characterize the course of prenatal development and its hazards. Santrock - Chapter 02 #59 Topic: Embryonic Period

60.6 0. (p. 65)

When baby Juanita was born, she had problems with her eyes, ears, and nose. MOST likely, Juanita's problems came from defects in the formation of A. the ectoderm. B. the endoderm. C. the mesoderm. D. any of the three layers.

APA Outcome: 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Characterize the course of prenatal development and its hazards. Santrock - Chapter 02 #60 Topic: Embryonic Period

61.6 1. (p. 65)

Baby Weston's digestive system did not fully develop and does not function properly. This problem likely arose from a defect in the formation of A. the ectoderm. B. the endoderm. C. the mesoderm. D. any of the three layers.

62.6 2. (p. 65)

63.6 3. (p. 65)

The doctor tells Sharice and Jayden that their unborn baby is having problems because of a drastic change in temperature. The has failed to perform its protective function. A. umbilical cord B. amnion C. placenta D. trophoblast

The connects a baby to the placenta. A. amniotic fluid B. amnion C. umbilical cord D. uterine wall

64.6 4. (p. 65)

When a blood test was performed on Cindy's fetus, the doctors found some of Cindy's red blood cells in the fetus’ circulatory system. We know that this most likely A. is normal because the mother's red blood cells are shared with the fetus. B. indicates a problem with the blastocyst, which should not contain red blood cells. C. indicates a problem with the placenta, which should block the mother's red blood cells. D. indicates a problem with the amnion, which should eliminate the mother's red blood cells. APA Outcome: 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Difficult Learning Objective: Characterize the course of prenatal development and its hazards. Santrock - Chapter 02 #64 Topic: Embryonic Period

65.6 5. (p. 65)

66.6 6. (p. 66)

67.6 7. (p. 66)

Iyanla, who is pregnant, is concerned that the bacteria from her ear infection may pass to her unborn baby. She does not need to worry because A although the bacteria will pass to the fetus, supercharged white blood cells in the umbilical cord will . successfully destroy the infection. B. the bacteria will be destroyed by the amniotic fluid. C. bacteria are large molecules and will be filtered out by the placenta and not reach the fetus. D. the baby's sinuses are filled with amniotic fluid and are immune to sinus bacteria.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Characterize the course of prenatal development and its hazards. Santrock - Chapter 02 #65 Topic: Embryonic Period

During which prenatal developmental period do the following changes—rapid weight gain; active movement of arms and legs; face, forehead, eyelids, nose, and chin becoming distinguishable—take place? A. germinal B. embryonic C. fetal D. fertilization

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Characterize the course of prenatal development and its hazards. Santrock - Chapter 02 #66 Topic: Fetal Period

What is approximately the earliest point that a fetus can survive outside the womb? A. 5 months B. 6 months C. 7 months D. 8 months

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Characterize the course of prenatal development and its hazards. Santrock - Chapter 02 #67 Topic: Fetal Period

68.6 8. (p. 66)

Sidney is expecting her first child and recently began to feel kicking movements. Sidney is MOST likely in the month of her pregnancy. A. second B. fourth C. sixth D. seventh

69.6 9. (p. 66)

Which of the following would handle information processing at the cellular level? A. anencephaly B. neurons C. spina bifida D. neural tubes APA Outcome: 1.1 APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Characterize the course of prenatal development and its hazards. Santrock - Chapter 02 #69 Topic: Prenatal Brain Development

70.7 0. (p. 66)

Teri's doctor has recommended that she take folic acid regularly throughout her pregnancy. The doctor is most likely trying to prevent which of the following from occurring? A. spina bifida B. fetal neural tube defects C. anencephaly D. All of these answers are correct.

71.7 1. (p. 67)

At approximately 6 to 24 weeks after conception, cells move outward from their point of origin to their appropriate locations. This is known as . A. anencephaly B. spina bifida C. neurogenesis D. neuronal migration

72.7 2. (p. 67)

Which of the following involves the process of cells moving outward from their point of origin to their appropriate locations in the brain? A. neuronal migration B. neurogenesis C. neural connectivity D. organogenesis

73.7 3. (p. 68)

Which of the following prenatal diagnostic tests would involve removing a small sample of the placenta? A. ultrasound sonography B. amniocentesis C. maternal blood sampling D. chorionic villi sampling

APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Characterize the course of prenatal development and its hazards. Santrock - Chapter 02 #73 Topic: Chorionic Villus Sampling

74.7 4. (p. 69)

Which of the following prenatal diagnostic tests would detect spina bifida? A. ultrasound sonography B. amniocentesis C. maternal blood screening D. chorionic villi sampling APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Characterize the course of prenatal development and its hazards. Santrock - Chapter 02 #74 Topic: Maternal Blood Screening

75.7 5. (p. 69)

Stephanie's doctor reduces the dosage of her daily medication when she begins trying to get pregnant. The principle behind this action states that A. the effect of any teratogen is dependent on the genetic susceptibility of the fetus. B. the effect of any teratogen is dependent on the time of exposure. C. the greater the dose of a teratogen, the greater the effect on prenatal development. D. the effect of any teratogen is greater in the last stage of prenatal development.

76.7 6. (p. 70)

During which prenatal developmental period is the probability of a structural defect the greatest? A. implantation B. germinal C. embryonic D. fetal

77.77. Which of the following statements about teratogens is NOT true? (p. 69-70) A. Female fetuses are far more likely to be affected by teratogens than male fetuses. B. The greater the dose of a teratogen, the greater the effect. C. Differences in placental membranes can affect a fetus' exposure to a teratogen. D. The time of exposure to a teratogen impacts the type and degree of damage to the fetus.

78.7 8. (p. 70)

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Characterize the course of prenatal development and its hazards. Santrock - Chapter 02 #77 Topic: Teratogen

Exposure to teratogens after organogenesis is complete may most likely result in A. severe anatomic defects. B. stunted growth. C. severe Down syndrome. D. severe defects in the internal organs.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Characterize the course of prenatal development and its hazards. Santrock - Chapter 02 #78 Topic: Teratogen

79.7 9. (p. 71)

80.8 0. (p. 71)

Recent research shows that high doses of aspirin during pregnancy can contribute to which of the following? A. low intelligence B. miscarriage C. Down syndrome D. maternal and fetal bleeding

Psychoactive drugs affect the A. endocrine B. nervous C. respiratory D. digestive

system.

81.81. Gina is pregnant and is a heavy smoker. Compared to the baby of a nonsmoker, her baby is MORE (p. 71) likely to suffer from which of the following? A. facial and limb deformities B. sudden infant death syndrome C. cleft palate D. tremors and increased general irritability

82.82. Which of the following prescription and nonprescription drugs can have harmful effects on an embryo (p. 70-71) or fetus? A. aspirin B. some antibiotics and hormones C. diet pills D. All of these answers are correct.

83.83. If the mother normally drinks alcohol, the BEST way to prevent negative effects on the fetus is to (p. 71) A. drink only beer during the pregnancy. B. maintain good nutrition during the pregnancy. C. completely abstain from drinking during the entire pregnancy. D. drink only wine during the pregnancy.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Characterize the course of prenatal development and its hazards. Santrock - Chapter 02 #83 Topic: Alcohol

84.8 4. (p. 71)

Facial deformities, defective limbs, learning problems, and below-average intelligence are all linked to which teratogen? A. cocaine B. psychoactive drugs C. nicotine D. alcohol APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Characterize the course of prenatal development and its hazards. Santrock - Chapter 02 #84 Topic: Alcohol

85.8 5. (p. 71)

86.8 6. (p. 72)

Neonatal deaths, preterm births, low birth weights, respiratory problems, and sudden infant death syndrome are all linked to which teratogen? A. cocaine B. psychoactive drugs C. nicotine D. alcohol

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Characterize the course of prenatal development and its hazards. Santrock - Chapter 02 #85 Topic: Nicotine

Cocaine exposure during prenatal development is linked to which of the following? A. increased likelihood of being in special education and receiving support services B. impaired language development and information processing C. impaired motor development and slower growth rate D. All of these answers are correct.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Characterize the course of prenatal development and its hazards. Santrock - Chapter 02 #86 Topic: Cocaine

87.8 7. (p. 73)

What is the BEST way to keep the infant from being infected if the mother is found to have active genital herpes before the child is born? A. A cesarean section should be performed. B. Antibiotics should be administered for a minimum of 6 hours before delivery. C. Antibiotics should be administered daily to the fetus until the day of delivery. D. Nothing can be done, because the fetus would have already contracted the disease before delivery.

If a mother is HIV positive, but her infant does not show signs of AIDS at birth, then the infant may 88.8 8. (p. 73)

A. not have been infected with HIV. B. have been infected with HIV but does not show any symptoms of HIV now. C. still develop AIDS later in life. D. All of these answers are correct. APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Characterize the course of prenatal development and its hazards. Santrock - Chapter 02 #88 Topic: Maternal Diseases

89.8 9. (p. 73)

Which of the following is a way for a mother infected with HIV to pass the virus to her child? A. during gestation across the placenta B. during delivery through contact with maternal blood C. after birth through breast-feeding D. All of these answers are correct. APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Characterize the course of prenatal development and its hazards. Santrock - Chapter 02 #89 Topic: Maternal Diseases

90.90. The nutritional status of the fetus during pregnancy is determined (p. 73-74) A. only by the amount of the mother’s protein intake. B. only by the mother’s calorie intake. C. by the mother’s intake of protein, vitamins, minerals, and total calories. D. by the function of the fetus’ digestive system.

91.

92.

93.9 3. (p. 74)

Which of the following statements is correct? A. A pregnant woman’s experience with intense fear and anxiety may have a negative impact on the fetus. B. High maternal stress during pregnancy can have long-term consequences for the child after birth. C. Children of mothers with a high level of depression during pregnancy are more likely to have ADHD and language delay. D. All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following statements is correct? A.The mother’s stressful life events may have a negative impact on the fetus even if these events occur before conception. B. Maternal depression during pregnancy may cause preterm birth. C. Maternal depression during pregnancy may cause low birth weight for full-term infants. D. All of these answers are correct.

Who among the following is LEAST likely to receive prenatal care? A. a first-time mother in her mid-30s B. a mother with two or more other children C. a working woman over 25 D. a pregnant adolescent

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Characterize the course of prenatal development and its hazards. Santrock - Chapter 02 #93 Topic: Maternal Age

94.94. Tammy is pregnant and is 45 years old. Her doctor considers her a "high-risk" pregnancy. Which of (p. 75) the following risks is Tammy's doctor concerned about? A. increased risk for Down syndrome B. increased risk for low birth weight C. increased risk for preterm delivery and fetal death D. All of these answers are correct. APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Characterize the course of prenatal development and its hazards. Santrock - Chapter 02 #94 Topic: Maternal Age

95.95. Which of the following paternal characteristics is LEAST likely to affect a child's development if the (p. 75) father is younger than 40 years of age? A. exposure to lead and radiation B. exposure to certain pesticides and petrochemicals C. cigarette smoking D. age

96.96. CenteringPregnancy, an innovative prenatal care program, is rapidly expanding in the United States (p. 76) and provides . A. free prenatal care to low-income mothers B. in-home prenatal care by a midwife C. prenatal care in a peer group setting D. confidential prenatal care to pregnant adolescents

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Characterize the course of prenatal development and its hazards. Santrock - Chapter 02 #96 Topic: Prenatal Care

97.97. Which of the following outcomes of prenatal education is of the MOST value for pregnant women (p. 76-77) living in poverty? A. Participants receive coupons for free goods and services. B. These women can be linked to other valuable social services. C. Classes encourage these mothers to bottle-feed so they can maintain employment. D. Participants are offered free postpartum birth control.

98.9 8. (p. 78)

During which stage of childbirth does the cervix dilate? A. first B. second C. third D. afterbirth

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Summarize how birth takes place and describe the nature of the postpartum period. Santrock - Chapter 02 #98 Topic: Stages of Birth

99.9 9. (p. 78)

During which stage of childbirth is the fetus expelled from the womb? A. first B. second C. third D. afterbirth APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Summarize how birth takes place and describe the nature of the postpartum period. Santrock - Chapter 02 #99 Topic: Stages of Birth

100.1 Which of the following statements is correct? 0 A. Three basic kinds of drugs used for labor are analgesia, anesthesia, and oxytocin/Pitocin. 0 B. Analgesia is used to relieve pain. . C.Higher doses of drugs given to the mother during delivery potentially have a more negative effect (p. 79) on the fetus than lower doses. D. All of these answers are correct.

APA Outcome: 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Summarize how birth takes place and describe the nature of the postpartum period. Santrock - Chapter 02 #100 Topic: Medication

Which of the following is NOT a method that the natural childbirth method uses during labor and delivery? A. nonprescription drugs to reduce pain 101.1 B. relaxation techniques 0 C. Lamaze breathing 1 D. education about anatomy and physiology . (p. 79)

102.1 0 2 .

Melissa plans to use the prepared childbirth method during labor and delivery. Which of the following will she employ? A. nonprescription drugs to reduce pain B. prescription drugs to reduce pain C. Lamaze breathing D. prescription drugs to promote contraction

(p. 79)

103.

Which of the following is a method to reduce pain during delivery without using medication? A. waterbirth B. massage C. acupuncture D. All of the these answers are correct.

104.1 If the fetus is in a breech position, 0 A. the head of the fetus will emerge first during delivery. 4 B. a cesarean section will not be recommended because it will compromise the safe delivery of the baby. . (p. 80) C. delivery will be easy and cause less complications. D. the fetus will be at increased risk for respiratory problems during delivery. APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Summarize how birth takes place and describe the nature of the postpartum period. Santrock - Chapter 02 #104 Topic: Caesarean Delivery

Diane's doctor has suggested that a cesarean delivery of her child may be necessary. What is NOT a likely reason for this determination? A. The fetus’ head will emerge first during delivery. 105.1 B. The fetus’ buttocks will emerge first during delivery. 0 C. The position of the fetus in the uterus is likely to cause respiratory problems. 5 D. The fetus is in a breech position. . APA Outcome: 1.2 (p. 80)

106.1 0 6 . (p. 80)

Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Summarize how birth takes place and describe the nature of the postpartum period. Santrock - Chapter 02 #105 Topic: Caesarean Delivery

An Apgar Scale score of 3 signals a newborn's condition is A. excellent. B. good. C. average. D. high risk.

Renee's baby was born just minutes ago, and the doctor is checking the baby with the Apgar Scale. Renee's baby is being checked for her A. heart rate and respiratory effort. 107.1 B. muscle tone and body color. 0 C. reflex irritability. 7 D. All of the these answers are correct. . (p. 80)

108.1 0 8 . (p. 82)

APA Outcome: 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Summarize how birth takes place and describe the nature of the postpartum period. Santrock - Chapter 02 #107 Topic: Apgar Scale

The designation of preterm is determined by A. the ratio of weight at birth to the time of gestation. B. the time period of gestation. C. the weight at birth. D. the time period of gestation plus weight.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty Level: Basic Learning Objective: Summarize how birth takes place and describe the nature of the postpartum period. Santrock - Chapter 02 #108 Topic: Low Birth Weight and Preterm Infants

109.1 0 9 . (p. 82)

110.1 1 0 . (p. 82)

111.1 1 1 . (p. 82)

112.1 1 2 . (p. 82)

113.1 1 3

(p. 83)

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t h w e e k o f p r e g n a

ncy and weighed 5 lbs 2 oz. He isconsidered A. to be preterm. B. to have low birth weight. C. to have very low birth weight. D. to be large for the date. APA Outcome: 1.2 APA Outcome: 1.3 Blooms Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Summarize how birth takes place and describe the nature of the postpartum period. Santrock - Chapter 02 #109 Topic: Low Birth Weight and Preterm Infants

Twins Diego and Demare were delivered during their mother's 34th week of pregnancy and weighed 4 lbs 3 oz and 4 lbs 15 oz, respectively. They are considered A. preterm and low birth weight. B. term and low birth weight. C. term and small for date. D. preterm and very low birth weight.

Angie was born after 40 weeks of gestation and weighed 4 pounds. Angie is considered A. preterm. B. large for date. C. low birth weight. D. very low birth weight.

Tamara delivered her babies preterm. All of the following are possible reasons for the preterm delivery EXCEPT A. Tamara was pregnant with triplets. B. Tamara was 43 years old. C. Tamara's tobacco use. D. Tamara had low stress.

APA Outcome: 1.2 Blooms Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty Level: Moderate Learning Objective: Summarize how birth takes place and describe the nature of the postpartum period. Santrock - Chapter 02 #112 Topic: Low Birth Weight and Preterm Infants

According to Tiffany Field's research, what can increase weight gain, alertness, and activity in preterm infants? A. massage therapy B. letting a mother be the first to hold the baby C. breast feeding D. visual stimulation