Nieman Nutritional Assessment, 7/e, Testbank Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is a systematic problem-solving method that dietitians use criticalthinking skills to make evidence-based decisions addressing the nutrition-related problems of their patients? A. Nutritional assessment B. Nutritional screening C. The nutrition care process D. Nutrition monitoring Ans: C 2. Which of the following is the first step in the Nutrition Care Process? A. Nutrition monitoring and evaluation B. Nutrition assessment C. Nutrition diagnosis D. Nutrition intervention Ans: B 3. Which of the following is at the center of the Nutrition Care Process Model? A. The dietitian’s strengths and abilities B. The four steps of the Nutrition Care Process C. Environmental factors impacting the patient’s ability to benefit from the Nutrition Care Process D. The relationship between the dietitian and the patient Ans: D 4. Which of the following is the basis for establishing the nutrition diagnosis? A. The medical diagnosis B. Nutritional assessment data C. The patient’s signs and symptoms D. The patient’s medical history Ans: B
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Nieman Nutritional Assessment, 7/e, Testbank
5. In the Nutrition Care Process, the selection of the intervention is driven by __________. A. the medical diagnosis B. nutritional assessment data C. the patient’s signs and symptoms D. the nutrition diagnosis and its etiology Ans: D 6. The identification and descriptive labeling of a nutrition problem that the dietetics practitioner is responsible for independently addressing is known as __________. A. the medical diagnosis B. the nutrition diagnosis C. the patient’s signs and symptoms D. the patient’s medical history Ans: B 7. Nutrition diagnostic terms that describe problems related to inadequate, excessive, or inappropriate food or nutrient consumption are part of the __________ domain. A. behavioral-environmental B. clinical C. intake D. intervention Ans: C 8. Nutrition diagnostic terms that describe nutritional problems related to specific medical or physical diseases or conditions are part of the __________ domain. A. behavioral-environmental B. clinical C. intake D. intervention Ans: B
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Nieman Nutritional Assessment, 7/e, Testbank
9. Nutrition diagnostic terms that describe nutritional problems related to nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about food and nutrition, the physical environment, access to food, and food safety are part of the __________ domain. A. behavioral-environmental B. clinical C. intake D. intervention Ans: A 10. The planning and implementation of strategies to change nutritional intake, nutrition knowledge and behavior, and environmental conditions to improve the nutrition problem is known as __________. A. nutrition assessment B. nutrition diagnosis C. nutrition intervention D. nutrition monitoring and evaluation Ans: C 11. The step in the Nutrition Care Process that involves objectively determining whether and to what extent the goals of the intervention have been met is known as __________. A. nutrition assessment B. nutrition diagnosis C. nutrition intervention D. nutrition monitoring and evaluation Ans: D
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Nieman Nutritional Assessment, 7/e, Testbank True/False 12. The Nutrition Care Process is intended to help standardize the process of delivering nutritionrelated care, but is not intended to standardize the actual nutrition care that different patients receive. Ans: True 13. Nutritional assessment is a one-time, isolated event that occurs at the beginning of a patient’s nutrition-related care. Ans: False 14. The medical diagnosis and the nutrition diagnosis are the same. Ans: False 15. The nutrition diagnosis is written in terms of a patient’s problem for which nutrition-related activities provide the primary intervention. Ans: True 16. In the Nutrition Care Process, the nutrition intervention should target etiology of the problems identified in the medical diagnosis. Ans: False 17. The recommendations of the nutrition intervention should be patient-driven and have measurable goals that are established in collaboration with the patient. Ans: True 18. PES statements are intended to clarify the specific nutrition problem and link the nutrition diagnosis to the nutrition intervention. Ans: True
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Nieman Nutritional Assessment, 7/e, Testbank 19. An example of a reference standard for food and nutrient intake against which an estimate of the patient’s nutrient intake can be compared is the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Ans: True 20. Although noncommunicable diseases such as coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes are becoming more prevalent, the World Health Organization estimates that by the year 2020 communicable or infectious diseases will continue to be the leading causes of death worldwide. Ans: False 21. While the term epidemic is typically used to describe a marked increase in the number of cases of an infectious or communicable disease over a certain period of time, the term can appropriately be used to describe a marked increase in noncommunicable diseases or other adverse health conditions such as obesity. Ans: True 22. Data on food and beverage intake based on information provided by a patient or a member of the patient’s family are considered to be objective information. Ans. False 23. Nutritional screening precedes nutritional assessment. Ans: True
Fill-in-the-Blank 24. The process of identifying an individual who is malnourished or who is at risk for malnutrition to determine if a detailed nutrition assessment is indicated is known as __________. Ans: nutritional screening 25. A systematic method for obtaining, verifying, and interpreting data needed to identify nutrition-related problems, their causes, and their significance is known as __________. Ans: nutritional assessment Copyright ©2019 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Nieman Nutritional Assessment, 7/e, Testbank
26. The format used in the Nutrition Care Process to write a nutrition diagnosis is known as a __________. Ans: PES Statement 27. Nutrition diagnostic terms are divided into three __________. Ans: domains 28. A clinical approach for assessing nutritional status that relies on information collected by the clinician through observation and interviews at the patient’s bedside is known as __________. Ans: Subjective Global Assessment 29. The term __________ has been coined to identify what many epidemiologists consider to be a global epidemic of obesity. Ans: globesity 30. The activities necessary to provide timely information about the contributions of food and nutrient consumption and nutritional status to the health of a population group or nation are known as __________. Ans: nutrition monitoring
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Nieman Nutritional Assessment, 7/e, Testbank Chapter 02 Multiple Choice 1. Which one of the following statements is true about the nutrition recommendations developed by Carl Voit and Wilber Atwater? A. They were observational in nature B. They included recommendations for vitamins A & C, thiamin, and riboflavin C. They served as the basis for the Recommended Dietary Allowances D. They were the first to make recommendations for pregnancy, lactation, and growth Ans: A 2. Which one of the following statements about early, observational dietary standards and guidelines is false? A. A catalyst for their development was starvation & associated diseases resulting from economic dislocation & unemployment B. They addressed ways of providing nutrition at the lowest cost C. They were developed from calorimetry and nitrogen balance studies on humans D. They assumed that observed intake equaled physiologic need Ans: C 3. Which one of the following represents the point of nutrient intake at which one half of the members of a given group will have its nutrient needs met while the remaining half will not? A. Estimated Average Requirement B. Adequate Intake C. Recommended Dietary Allowance D. Tolerable Upper Intake Level Ans: A 4. Which of the following is the nutrient intake level sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of approximately 97% of people in a given sex/age group? A. Estimated Average Requirement B. Adequate Intake C. Recommended Dietary Allowance D. Tolerable Upper Intake Level Ans: C Copyright ©2019 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Nieman Nutritional Assessment, 7/e, Testbank
5. The recommended intakes for most nutrients for infants up to age 1 year are expressed in terms of ________. A. Estimated Average Requirement B. Adequate Intake C. Recommended Dietary Allowance D. Tolerable Upper Intake Level Ans: B 6. Which one of the following was developed to assist persons with diabetes in planning their diets? A. The Dietary Reference Intakes B. The Daily Values C. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans D. The Food Exchange System Ans: D 7. The recommendations contained within the Dietary Guidelines for Americans are applicable to the general public living in the United States ________. A. beginning at the time of birth B. beginning at about two years of age C. beginning at about the age children begin attending kindergarten D. beginning in adolescence Ans: B 8. Which of the following is a nutrient whose intake is less than the recommended intake level for a significant part of the population? A. A shortfall nutrient B. A missing nutrient C. A phantom nutrient D. A misplaced nutrient Ans: A
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9. Which one of the following was developed by the USDA for assessing the quality of the diets of Americans? A. U.S. Dietary Goals B. Hassle-Free Foundation Diet C. Nutrient Density D. Healthy Eating Index Ans: D 10. Which of the following is the recommended daily dietary intake level that is assumed to be adequate and that is based on experimentally determined approximations of observed nutrient intake by a group of healthy people? A. Estimated Average Requirement B. Adequate Intake C. Recommended Dietary Allowance D. Tolerable Upper Intake Level Ans: B 11. Which of the following is the highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all apparently healthy individuals in the general population? A. Estimated Average Requirement B. Adequate Intake C. Recommended Dietary Allowance D. Tolerable Upper Intake Level Ans: D 12. The food labeling values established by the Food and Drug Administration for use in the Nutrition Facts panel are known as ________. A. the U.S. Dietary Goals B. the Dietary Guidelines for Americans C. Dietary Reference Intakes D. the Daily Values Ans: D Copyright ©2019 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Nieman Nutritional Assessment, 7/e, Testbank 13. Broccoli dipped in batter and deep-fat fried would have ________ nutrient density compared to steamed broccoli, lightly salted, and served with a lemon wedge. A. about the same B. a lower C. a higher D. double the Ans: B 14. Which of the following options correctly represents the chronological sequence in the development of the three graphic food guides listed? A. Food Guide Pyramid; MyPlate; MyPyramid B. Food Guide Pyramid; MyPyramid; MyPlate C. MyPlate; MyPyramid; Food Guide Pyramid D. MyPyramid; Food Guide Pyramid; MyPlate Ans: B 15. The primary focus of the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans is ________. A. an improved nutrient density B. a healthy eating pattern C. increased intake of shortfall nutrients D. a decrease in saturated fats and cholesterol Ans: B 16. Which one of the following is NOT one of the five general guidelines for the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans? A. Focus on foods with high levels of antioxidant nutrients B. Follow a healthy eating pattern across the lifespan C. Support healthy eating patterns for all D. Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium intake Ans: A
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Nieman Nutritional Assessment, 7/e, Testbank 17. The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans focus on three examples of healthy eating patterns. Which one of the following was NOT included? A. The Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern B. The Healthy Mediterranean-Style Eating Pattern C. The Healthy Vegetarian Eating Pattern D. The Healthy Paleolithic Eating Pattern Ans: D 18. On May 20, 2016, the FDA announced the new Nutrition Facts label for packaged foods. Which one of the following updates to the Nutrition Facts label was mandated by 2018? A. Serving sizes must be based on what they should be eating B. Include "Calories from Fat" C. Increase the type size for "Calories" D. Listing "added sugars" no longer required Ans: C 19. The ________ are dietary reference values intended to help consumers use food label information to plan healthy diets. A. Dietary Guidelines for Americans B. DRIs C. EARs D. Daily Values Ans: D 20. The ________ system is a method of planning meals that simplifies controlling energy consumption (particularly from carbohydrate), helps ensure adequate nutrient intake, and allows considerable variety in food selection. A. Choose Your Foods B. Dietary Guidelines for Americans C. DRIs D. Daily Values Ans: A
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Nieman Nutritional Assessment, 7/e, Testbank 21. In the HEI-2010, all of the components are assessed on a ________ basis to allow a common standard to be applied to individual diets or any other mix of foods. A. percentage B. volume C. density D. mass Ans: C
True/False 22. One of the weaknesses of the Dietary Reference Intakes is that they provide no guidance on the use of nutritional supplements. Ans: False 23. One of the changes that was made when the Dietary Reference Intakes were developed was eliminating the Recommended Dietary Allowance. Ans: False 24. The “reference amount” is the amount of a food that people customarily consume per eating occasion and which is used by the U.S. Food and Drug Association in establishing the serving size in the Nutrition Facts label for that food. Ans: True 25. A food guide is a nutrition tool that translates scientific knowledge and dietary standards and recommendations into an understandable and practical form for use by those who have little or no nutrition training. Ans: True 26. The primary purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is to prevent or delay the onset of chronic diseases. Ans: True
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Nieman Nutritional Assessment, 7/e, Testbank 27. There is no Recommended Dietary Allowance or Tolerable Upper Intake Level for energy. Ans: True 28. The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are the result of an on-going collaborative effort by nutrition scientists in Canada and the United States. Ans: True 29. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are jointly responsible for developing the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Ans: False 30. Since they were first established in 1980, a basic premise of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans has been that nutrient needs should be met primarily by consuming naturally occurring foods as opposed to relying on fortified foods or dietary supplements. Ans: True 31. In contrast to early indices of diet quality, which tended to focus on preventing nutrient deficiency diseases, more recent indices tend to focus on the prevention of chronic disease. Ans: True
Fill-in-the-Blank 32. A food’s vitamin and mineral content relative to its energy content is known as __________. Ans: nutrient density 33. Using evidence-based criteria to rank or classify foods based on their nutrient composition is known as __________. Ans: nutrient profiling
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Nieman Nutritional Assessment, 7/e, Testbank 34. __________ is an approach to help people plan diets that maintain adequate nutrient intake while minimizing consumption of unnecessary energy and reducing the intake of sodium, solid fats, dietary cholesterol, added sugars, and refined grains. Ans: Nutrient density 35. An innovative, on-line tool designed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to help consumers understand their energy, food, and nutrient requirements is known as __________. Ans: SuperTracker 36. The average dietary energy intake that is predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy person of a defined age, gender, weight, and level of physical activity consistent with good health is known as the __________. Ans: Estimated Energy Requirement 37. The __________ was created in response to concerns about the potential for excessive nutrient intakes resulting from recent increases in consumption of nutrient- fortified foods and dietary supplements. Ans: Tolerable Upper Intake Level 38. A __________ is a nutrition education tool translating scientific knowledge and dietary standards and recommendations into an understandable and practical form for use by those who have little or no training in nutrition. Ans: food guide 39. The __________ provide guidance to individuals on the consumption of total fat, polyunsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, dietary cholesterol, carbohydrate, and protein to ensure adequate intake and to decrease risk of chronic disease. Ans: Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges 40. Statements from authoritative scientific bodies translating nutritional recommendations into practical advice to consumers about their eating habits are known as __________. Ans: dietary guidelines or dietary goals Copyright ©2019 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Nieman Nutritional Assessment, 7/e, Testbank
41. Because the Adequate Intake is based on observed or experimentally derived approximations of average nutrient intake that appear to maintain a defined nutritional state or criterion of adequacy in a group of people, it is considered an __________ standard. Ans: observational
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Nieman Nutritional Assessment, 7/e, Testbank Chapter 03 Multiple Choice 1. The ability of an instrument of actually measure what it is intended to measure is known as ________. A. validity B. precision C. reproducibility D. CV Ans: A 2. Which of the following approaches to measuring dietary intake would be best suited for evaluating past food and beverage intake? A. Food frequency questionnaire B. 3-day food record C. 7-day food record D. 14-day food record Ans: A 3. Which of the following approaches to measuring diet is used by Willett and coworkers at Harvard University in such studies as the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study? A. 24-hour recall B. Diet history C. Food frequency questionnaire D. Food record Ans: C 4. The ASA24 is ________. A. a self-administered screener for assessing sodium intake in the past 24 hours B. a computer-assisted, five-step, multiple-pass 24-hour recall system C. an internet-based automated, self-administered 24-hour dietary recall D. an internet-based food frequency questionnaire with a list of 24 food groups Ans: C Copyright ©2019 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Nieman Nutritional Assessment, 7/e, Testbank 5. Which of the approaches to measuring diet has the advantage of being both self-administered and machine readable? A. 24-hour recall B. Food frequency questionnaire C. Food record Ans: B 6. Which of the following best explains why a single 24-hour recall is unsuitable for characterizing usual dietary intake? A. Subjects may withhold information about what they eat due to embarrassment. B. Subjects may forget what they ate. C. Food and nutrient intake varies so much from day-to-day. D. Subjects often change their usual diet in order to simplify the act of recording. Ans: C 7. The Diet History Questionnaire is an example of a ________. A. 24-hour recall B. diet history C. food frequency questionnaire D. food record Ans: C 8. Which of the following bypasses use of food composition data to arrive at an estimate of nutrient consumption? A. Duplicate food collections B. Food balance sheets C. Food frequency questionnaires D. Telephone interviews Ans: A
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Nieman Nutritional Assessment, 7/e, Testbank 9. The ability of an instrument to produce the same estimate on two or more occasions, assuming that nothing has changed in the interim is known as ________. A. accuracy B. reliability C. validity D. CV Ans: B 10. Studies comparing reported energy intake with more objective measures of energy intake indicate that ________. A. most subjects report their energy intake with reasonable accuracy B. most subjects under report their energy intake C. most subjects over report their energy intake D. None of the choices are correct. Ans: B 11. If a subject's reported usual energy intake is < 1.2 times his or her calculated resting energy expenditure, it is likely that the subject has ________. A. under reported energy intake B. over reported energy intake C. reported energy intake with reasonable accuracy D. None of the choices are correct. Ans: A 12. A food eaten but not reported in a 24-hour recall is known as a ________. A. shortfall food B. missing food C. phantom food D. apparition food Ans: B
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Nieman Nutritional Assessment, 7/e, Testbank 13. A low score on the MEDFICTS questionnaire most likely indicates that ________. A. the respondent's diet is consistent with "heart-healthy diet" B. the respondent does not have a "heart-healthy diet" C. the respondent is at increased risk of coronary heart disease D. the respondent is at increased risk of cancer Ans: A 14. Which one of the following is the preferred method of measuring sodium consumption? A. Weighed food record B. Food frequency questionnaire C. Measuring sodium in a 24-hour urine sample D. 24-hour recall Ans: C 15. Which of the following best describes the MEDFICTS questionnaire? A. 24-hour recall B. Diet history C. Food diary or food record D. Food frequency questionnaire Ans: D 16. Which one of the following is a limitation of the 24-hour recall? A. Does not alter the usual diet B. Low respondent burden C. Relies on memory D. Individuals tend to over report intake of foods that they consume at high levels Ans: C
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Nieman Nutritional Assessment, 7/e, Testbank
17. A limitation of the ________ method is that nutrient intake data can be compromised when multiple foods are grouped within single listings. A. 24-hour recall B. duplicate food collection method C. food diary or food record D. food frequency questionnaire Ans: D 18. What is considered the method of choice for research on diet-disease relationship in large cohorts? A. 24-hour recall B. Duplicate food collection method C. Food diary or food record D. Food frequency questionnaire Ans: D True/False 19. One of the limitations of the food record is that it relies on the memory of food eaten in the past. Ans: False 20. The measurement of urinary nitrogen excretion to verify protein intake in dietary surveys is an example of a biologic marker. Ans: True 21. The advantage of using doubly labeled water to measure energy expenditure is that it is ideally suited for use in free-living subjects. Ans: True
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Nieman Nutritional Assessment, 7/e, Testbank 22. In some types of nutritional research, simply ranking subjects in categories of high, medium, or low nutrient intake is sufficient for arriving at conclusions about the role of diet in health and disease. Ans: True 23. A food that is reported to have been eaten in a 24-hour recall but that is not really eaten is known as a phantom food. Ans: True 24. A food record would be a suitable approach for measuring the diet of an illiterate subject. Ans: False 25. A food frequency questionnaire that does not ask the respondent to provide any information about the portion sizes of foods and beverages consumed is referred to as a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Ans: False 26. A potential limitation of the food record or food diary is that subjects may simplify their diet in order to make the process or recording their diet easier. Ans: True 27. Research has shown that administering a 24-hour recall using a telephone interview is not a recommended approach for collecting dietary intake data. Ans: False
Fill-in-the-Blank 28. Three-dimensional food models and two-dimensional images are sometimes used by researchers to help subjects correctly estimate _________ sizes. Ans: portion
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Nieman Nutritional Assessment, 7/e, Testbank 29. A __________ is a person providing information about a subject’s behavior (e.g., dietary practices) when the subject is unable to provide the necessary information. Ans: surrogate 30. In a case-control study investigating how past exposure to some dietary factor of interest relates to current disease risk, a dietary measurement method that is __________ in nature would need to be used. Ans: retrospective 31. Day-to-day change in what an individual eats or drinks is referred to as __________ variability. Ans: intraindividual 32. A food frequency questionnaire designed to assess intake of a single nutrient or a limited number of food components is known as a __________. Ans: screener 33. The Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study are two examples of prospective __________ studies. Ans: cohort 34. The ability of an instrument to actually measure what it is intended to measure is known as __________. Ans: validity 35. The amount of linoleic acid in a subject’s adipose tissue is a useful __________ for determining dietary intake of linoleic acid in the diet. Ans: biological marker
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